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Chapter OneDefinition and Significance of LeadershipCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-2

Learning ObjectivesDefine leadership and leadership effectivenessExplain why people need leadershipDiscuss the major obstacles to effective leadershipCompare and contrast leadership and managementList the roles and functions of leaders and managersSummarize the debate over the role and impact of leadership in organizationsThe blindfold activity1-3

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An interactional framework for analysing leadership4Source: Adapted fromE. P. Hollander, LeadershipDynamics: A Practical Guideto Effective Relationships,New York: Free Press, 1978.A leader may need to respond to various followers differently in the same situation.A leader may need to respond to the same follower differently in different situations.Followers may respond to various leaders quite differently.Followers may respond to each other differently with different leaders.Two leaders may have different perceptions of the same followers or situations.1-5

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Key Elements of LeadershipGroup phenomenon no leaders without followers , leadership involves interpersonal influenceGoal-oriented leaders guide and influence others towards a goalExistence of hierarchy within the group ,formal and well define or informal and flexible Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-7

Definition of LeadershipA leader is any person who influences individuals and groups within an organization, helps them in the establishment of goals, and guides them towards achievement of those goals, thereby allowing them to be effective.Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-8

Definition of Leadership EffectivenessLeaders are effective when their followers achieve their goals, function well together, and adapt to the changing demands of external forces.Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-9

Key Elements of EffectivenessThe group achieves its goalsThe group members work well together smooth internal functionsThe group can adapt well to external changesCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-10

Why Do We Need Leaders?To keep groups orderlyTo keep focus on group goalsTo accomplish complex tasksTo help make sense of the world by providing validationAs a romantic idealCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-11

Obstacles to Effective LeadershipEnvironmental uncertaintyOrganizational rigidityFalling back on old ideas and simplistic solutionsEstablished organizational cultureInaccessible research

Leadership and managementThe word management suggest words like efficiency, planning, paperwork, procedures, regulations, control, and consistency.Leadership is more associated with words like risk taking, dynamic, creativity, change, and vision

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Leadership and ManagementManagersFocus on the presentMaintain the status quoImplement policyMaintain existing culture and structureRemain aloof and objectiveUse position powerLeadersFocus on the futureCreate changeInitiate policyCreate new culture and structureEstablish emotional bonds with followersUse personal powerCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-14

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Gender Differences in RolesMale ManagersUnrelenting pace of workDo a wide variety of tasksFrequent interruptionsLittle time to communicateFew non-work activitiesIsolationIdentity tied to workComplex networkPrefer face-to-faceFemale ManagersCalm steady pace of workFrequent breaksDid not perceive interruptionsSchedule time for communicationMany non-work activitiesConnected to othersMulti-faceted identitiesComplex networkPrefer face-to-face

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Leaders Role in Shaping Culture

Role Reward HiringStrategy ModelingSystem Decision Structure Organizational CultureLeaderCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-17

Leadership is InsignificantEnvironment is more important than leadershipInternal culture and structure determine the course organization takesLeadership accounts for only 7%-15% of performance in some studiesLeaders have little discretionLeadership is a romantic mythCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-18

Leadership is SignificantLeadership is one of many important factorsLeaders provide vision and directionLeaders are critical in orchestrating changeLeadership can account for close to half of performance in some casesLeaderships impact is moderated by situational factorsCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-19

The Impact of LeadershipLeadership is one of several key factors in organizational performanceLeaders are essential in providing vision and directionLeaders impact differs in different situationsFollowers are also key to successCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-20

New Roles for LeadersPlanOrganizeDoControl-Oriented LeadershipResult-Oriented LeadershipPlan and OrganizeDoControlResultsLeader assumes responsibilityFollower assume responsibility Lead ControlResultsLeadCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-21

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