N T 8.9 · Feeder No. 9 River Humber Pipeline Replacement Project—Goxhill Archaeological Trial...
Transcript of N T 8.9 · Feeder No. 9 River Humber Pipeline Replacement Project—Goxhill Archaeological Trial...
8.9.3
Annexure 3 to Response to First Written Questions – Q10.1 Written Scheme of Archeological Investigation
River Humber Gas Pipeline Replacement Project
D O
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Application Reference: EN060004
Deadline 2 Submission – 12th October 2015
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5.1
National Grid
Feeder No. 9 River Humber Pipeline Replacement Project
Goxhill Archaeological Trial Trench Evaluation
Written Scheme of Investigation
Feeder No. 9 River Humber Pipeline Replacement Project—Goxhill Archaeological Trial Trench Evaluation
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Hyder Consulting (UK) Limited
2212959
Aston Cross Business Village 50 Rocky Lane Aston Birmingham B6 5RQ United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)121 345 9000
Fax: +44 (0)121 3
www.hyderconsulting.com
National Grid
Feeder No. 9 River Humber Pipeline Replacement Project
Goxhill Archaeological Trial Trench Evaluation
Written Scheme of Investigation
Author J Wylie
Checker J Gidman
Approver N Hartley
Report No
Date March 2015
This report has been prepared for National Grid in
accordance with the terms and conditions of appointment for
Goxhill Archaeological Trial Trench Evaluation dated July
2013. Hyder Consulting (UK) Limited (2212959) cannot
accept any responsibility for any use of or reliance on the
contents of this report by any third party.
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CONTENTS
1 SUMMARY ....................................................................................... 1
2 Introduction ....................................................................................... 1
2.2 Project background ........................................................................... 1
2.3 Location, geology and topography ..................................................... 1
3 Archaeological and Historical Background ......................................... 1
4 Archaeological Investigations ............................................................ 2
5 Aims and Objectives ......................................................................... 2
6 Excavation and Recording Methodology ............................................ 3
7 Programme ....................................................................................... 7
8 Monitoring ......................................................................................... 7
9 Reporting, Publication and Archive Methodology ............................... 7
10 Health and Safety.............................................................................. 9
11 References ..................................................................................... 10
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1 SUMMARY
2 Introduction
2.1.1 This Written Scheme of Investigation outlines the scope and methodology for a programme of
archaeological trial trench evaluation to be carried out within the Goxhill site of the Feeder
Number 9 River Humber Replacement Project. The evaluation is being carried out as part of the
archaeological assessment of the site to support a Development Consent Order (DCO)
application which was submitted to The Planning Inspectorate (PINS) in March 2015.
2.2 Project background
2.3 Location, geology and topography
2.3.1 The Goxhill site is located on the southern bank of the River Humber approximately 2.6km east
of the village of Goxhill in North Lincolnshire. The central grid reference of the site is 513815,
423376.
2.3.2 The Goxhill site comprises two fields to the northeast of East Marsh Road and two fields to the
southwest of East Marsh Road (Figures 1 and 2). The existing Goxhill AGI is located within the
southern of the two fields northeast of East Marsh Road. The site is mainly under arable
cultivation with frequent drains and occasional hedges, both of which form field boundaries.
2.3.3 Solid geology underlying the majority of the application site comprises Flamborough Chalk
Formation; sedimentary bedrock which formed approximately 71 to 86 million years ago. The
far southwest area of the application site is Burnham Chalk Formation, which formed 84 to 94
million years ago (British Geological Survey online map viewer, accessed January 2014). The
majority of the superficial deposits within the application site area are inter-tidal in nature and
form bands; from the shore these are Beach and Tidal Flat deposits, then Tidal Flat deposits
and lastly Devensian Till. Just outside the southern edge of the application site there are
alluvial deposits of clay, silt, sand and gravel formed by riverine activity (ibid.).
2.3.4 This is a flat, low-lying, estuarine environment. The only higher ground is the sea defence
embankment within the northeast of the application site.
3 Archaeological and Historical Background
3.1.1 The following section presents a brief synthesis of the archaeological and historical background
of the Goxhill site. For a full baseline description please refer to the River Humber Pipeline
Replacement Project Cultural Heritage Desk-based Assessment (DBA) and Environmental
Statement (ES) chapter (Hyder Consulting, 2014).
3.1.2 There is a general potential for archaeological remains dating to the Prehistoric period to be
present within the site. This was identified in the DBA by the presence of Prehistoric remains in
the wider study area including evidence of Mesolithic and Neolithic flint working, Neolithic and
Bronze Age flint artefacts and a general potential for Iron Age activity in the area. However no
features of Prehistoric date have been recorded within the site itself.
3.1.3 There is evidence for Roman activity within the site in the form of cropmarks, which also extend
beyond the site boundary. In the wider study area settlement activity dating to the Roman period
has been recorded indicating that the site has strong potential for remains of this date to be
recorded.
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3.1.4 The Goxhill site is located in a known area of medieval activity, with Goxhill moated site located
a short distance to the south and Hogcote Close moated site to the north. There is also
cropmark evidence of medieval field systems in the vicinity of the site. Some of the cropmarks
within the site may also date to the medieval period.
3.1.5 There is documentary evidence for three large manors in Goxhill in the 17th century; the Royal
Manor, which was originally owned by Thornton Abbey but passed to the Crown in 1547, Sutton
Manor and Hildyard’s Manor. There is extensive evidence for post-medieval activity around the
site, this is mainly agricultural in nature and of local significance but there is some diversity in
the form of small industrial brick works. Within the site itself the highest potential for post-
medieval activity is for features associated with agricultural activity.
4 Archaeological Investigations
4.1.1 A geophysical survey was carried out at the Goxhill site, recording two areas of clear
archaeological activity. In the northeastern portion of the site a cluster of features was recorded.
These were mainly small rectilinear enclosures and groups of pit-like features. The survey team
also noted a surface scatter of Roman pottery in this part of the site.
4.1.2 This collection of features represents a clear continuation of the Roman settlement activity that
was previously identified in cropmarks and by earlier geophysical survey carried out in 2007
within the site.
4.1.3 Two further archaeological features were identified by the geophysical survey in the western
portion of the Goxhill site. These were a linear feature probably indicating a drainage ditch and
a former field boundary. It is likely that these two features are associated with the medieval
activity previously recorded through cropmarks and geophysical survey.
5 Aims and Objectives
5.1.1 The aims and objectives of the archaeological evaluation are:
� To determine the existence or absence of archaeological remains, and where these exist,
to establish the character and complexity of any remains by sample excavation;
� to attempt to establish the date of the deposits encountered through recovery of artefacts;
� to establish the environmental significance of deposits with evidence of potential by
targeted environmental sampling, processing and assessment;
� to place any archaeological discoveries into the local and, where appropriate,
regional/national context, and to assess the implications of any such discoveries for our
current understanding of the development of settlement in the area;
� On the basis of the evaluation results, to inform the need for further archaeological
mitigation of all or part of the evaluated areas.
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6 Excavation and Recording Methodology
6.1.1 Trenches will be laid out based upon the layout given in this WSI, and any variations will be
recorded by GPS and transferred to a digital plan of the site. A shapefile of the trench layout will
be provided to the Archaeological Contractor and the co-ordinates of the centre-point and each
end of the trench are provided in table 1.
Table 1: Trench Co-ordinates
Trench
No
centre
point
easting
centre point
northing
trench end A
easting
trench end A
northing
trench end
B easting
trench end B
northing
1 513116 423523 513102 423544 513129 423501
2 513874 423370 513883 423393 513863 423346
3 513213 423353 513213 423368 513212 423338
4 513019 423271 513019 423285 513018 423256
5 513125 423311 513110 423310 513140 423311
6 513207 423256 513204 423270 513209 423241
7 512992 423176 512989 423190 512995 423161
8 513119 423221 513115 423235 513123 423206
9 513298 423156 513282 423158 513312 423154
10 513216 423139 513225 423150 513205 423128
11 513148 423104 513149 423118 513147 423088
12 513070 423148 513070 423162 513069 423132
13 513037 423034 513037 423048 513036 423018
14 512965 423075 512950 423075 512980 423074
15 513186 423052 513170 423054 513200 423050
16 512930 422977 512941 422986 512918 422967
17 512852 423013 512842 423024 512861 423001
18 512774 422986 512789 422986 512759 422986
19 512827 422930 512824 422944 512828 422915
20 512695 422903 512700 422917 512689 422888
21 513388 423042 513388 423057 513387 423027
22 513218 422912 513202 422911 513232 422912
23 513452 422968 513451 422983 513451 422953
24 513364 422884 513349 422884 513379 422884
25 513275 422812 513274 422826 513274 422796
26 513368 422791 513357 422802 513378 422780
27 513547 422842 513535 422851 513558 422831
28 513228 422836 513216 422845 513239 422826
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29 513398 423300 513397 423314 513397 423284
30 513452 423252 513442 423263 513462 423240
31 513539 423277 513540 423291 513536 423261
32 513642 423328 513654 423336 513628 423320
33 513729 423474 513732 423488 513725 423459
34 513646 423414 513638 423426 513653 423401
35 513901 423514 513903 423528 513899 423498
36 513980 423552 513981 423566 513979 423536
37 513540 423346 513532 423359 513547 423333
38 513938 423393 513950 423401 513926 423384
39 513663 423230 513653 423242 513672 423218
40 514044 423465 514049 423479 514039 423451
41 514170 423495 514183 423501 514155 423489
42 513567 423163 513580 423169 513553 423155
43 513626 423200 513611 423201 513641 423198
44 513787 423415 513796 423439 513776 423391
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6.1.2 When laying out trenches the archaeological contractor will give regard to specific ecological
requirements as outlined in the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) and no
trench will be located with 30m of a badger set. The trench plan included within this WSI has
ensured that no trenches are located within 30m of a known badger set.
6.1.3 Trenches will be excavated by machine using a toothless bucket under close archaeological
supervision, down to the top of the first archaeological horizon, or failing that, to the surface of
the underlying geology. Spits will be no more than 100mm thick. The spoil and the exposed
surface will be scanned for finds by eye and, if deemed appropriate, using a metal detector.
When excavating the trenches the topsoil will be excavated first and stored along one side of
the trench and the subsoil stored along the other side of the trench. When backfilling the
trenches the subsoil will be returned to the trench first, followed by the subsoil.
6.1.4 Careful stripping of areas by machine under archaeological supervision should leave a surface
that can be planned and photographed without the need for further hand-cleaning. Any areas
left obscured or unclear after machine-stripping will be hand-cleaned before photographing and
planning.
6.1.5 The revealed surface will be inspected for archaeological features, and where necessary
cleaned by hand before being photographed and planned.
6.1.6 Discrete deposits will generally be excavated by hand, unless otherwise agreed with the
Monitoring Archaeologists. Should thick sterile or well-dated recent deposits be encountered,
these may be sampled by hand-excavation but further excavated by machine under
archaeological supervision. Discrete features will be half-excavated by hand, unless particularly
large, when an alternative strategy may be agreed with the Monitoring Archaeologists. A
minimum of 10% of any linear features will be hand-excavated, or a minimum of 1m length if this
is larger.
6.1.7 If colluvial deposits are revealed within a trench and it is believed there is a potential for
palaeoenvironmental remains to be present the archaeological contractor will excavate a
sondage within the colluvium to test for any such remains. Following the excavation of the
sondage the colluvium may be removed by machine unless specifically requested otherwise by
the Monitoring Archaeologists.
6.1.8 All investigated archaeological deposits and features will be recorded on pro-forma context
sheets, and will be recorded in plan and section. Single context planning will not be used within
features unless these are of especial significance, but extensive deposits ending within the
trench (layers) will be individually planned.
6.1.9 Unexcavated deposits will be numbered and described.
6.1.10 Plans and sections will be at a scale of 1:20 or 1:50, unless the level of information requires a
more detailed graphic record at 1:10 or even greater scale. Unless a trench is devoid of
archaeological features as a minimum of one long section from each trench will be drawn along
with a section of each excavated feature.
6.1.11 Levels will be taken along the base of all trenches, and (where it survives) on the surface of the
adjacent topsoil. The Archaeological Contractor will maintain a level of accuracy of ±50mm
when taking levels.
6.1.12 Photographs will be taken in colour and in black and white. All photos will contain a photo board
and north arrow.
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6.1.13 All finds will be retained, bagged and marked with the site code and context number, unless
bulk deposits of finds of recent date are encountered, in which case only a sufficient sample to
characterise and date them will be retained.
6.1.14 Environmental samples will be taken from deposits of environmental potential and from a
representative range of deposit types across the site.
6.1.15 If human remains are encountered they will be left in situ until a Licence for the Removal of
Human Remains has been obtained from the Ministry of Justice. Should preservation in situ not
be possible, then as a minimum excavation will follow the guidance set out by Historic England
(English Heritage 2006). Prior to the commencement of fieldwork the Archaeological Contractor
will prepare a specific Method Statement for excavation and recording of graves for agreement
by the Monitoring Archaeologists. This method statement will be invoked in the event of the
discovery of human remains
6.1.16 All potential graves will be scanned with a metal detector prior to excavation, and if metal
objects are indicated, or other grave goods are suspected.
6.1.17 Any finds or environmental remains will be recovered, processed and assessed in accordance
with Historic England guidelines and the archaeological contractor’s standard procedures.
Where possible all recovered pottery sherds will be identified and recorded with reference to
and in line with the appropriate (North) Lincolnshire type series.
6.1.18 Bulk finds will be bagged by context. Small finds (special finds), including in situ flint-working
deposits, will be 3-dimensionally recorded on site to an accuracy of ±50mm and will be bagged
and registered individually.
6.1.19 Finds will be washed as work proceeds, and spot-dating will be carried out at weekly intervals.
Finds collected during the week will be taken back to the offices of the archaeological contractor
to complete processing, and to check spot-dating.
6.1.20 Should finds of particular sensitivity or value be located, a conservator will be called to site to
advise or supervise recovery from the ground. The Monitoring Archaeologists will be informed
immediately and a site meeting convened. Appropriate security arrangements for protection of
any such remains while still subject to recording in the ground will be made.
6.1.21 Finds, discovered by the Archaeological Contractor, falling under the statutory definition of
Treasure (as defined by the Treasure Act of 1996 and its revision of 2002) will be reported
immediately to the relevant Coroner’s Office, the North Lincolnshire Finds Liaison Officer (FLO)
who is the designated treasure co-ordinator for North Lincolnshire, the landowner and the
Historic Environment Officer. A Treasure Receipt (obtainable from either the FLO or the DCMS
website) must be completed and a report submitted to the Coroner’s Office and the FLO within
14 days of understanding the find is Treasure. Failure to report within 14 days is a criminal
offence. The Treasure Receipt and Report must include the date and circumstances of the
discovery, the identity of the finder (put as unit/contractor) and (as exactly as possible) the
location of the find.
6.1.22 A structured programme of environmental sampling appropriate to the aims of the evaluation will
be implemented. The strategy and methodology for the sampling, recording, processing,
assessment, analysis and reporting of deposits with environmental archaeology potential will be
in accordance with Historic England Centre for Archaeology Guidelines “Environmental
Archaeology – A guide to the theory and practice of methods, from sampling and recovery to
post-excavation” (March 2002).
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6.1.23 Bulk samples will be taken from deposits of high environmental potential and a representative
range of deposit types across the site. All bulk environmental samples will be 40L, unless the
deposit is less than 40L, in which case all of the deposit will be sampled. Column and
incremental samples will be taken if appropriate.
6.1.24 Environmental samples will be returned to the offices of the archaeological contractor for
processing at the end of each working week. Once processed, they will be scanned by a
qualified environmental archaeologist to provide initial information about their environmental
potential.
6.1.25 Samples for radiocarbon dating will normally be extracted from bulk environmental samples, but
in exceptional circumstances specific sampling for radiocarbon dating will be taken, should the
context and its potential significance warrant it. In such cases, the Monitoring Archaeologists will
be informed of the potential significance of the deposit in advance.
7 Programme
7.1.1 Prior to commencement of work on site the archaeological contractor will provide to National
Grid, the Monitoring Archaeologist and the North Lincolnshire Historic Environment Officer a
programme for the site works. This programme will detail the proposed start date on site and the
proposed length of time the archaeological contractor intends to be on site.
8 Monitoring
8.1.1 All archaeological works will be monitored by a Monitoring Archaeologist appointed by National
Grid and by the North Lincolnshire Historic Environment Officer (HEO). Advance notice of the
commencement of the evaluation will be given to the Monitoring Archaeologists and the HEO.
8.1.2 The Monitoring Archaeologists will have free access to the site, and all records to ensure that
the work is being carried in accordance with this WSI and all other relevant standards.
8.1.3 Updated plans of evaluated areas will be provided by email on a weekly basis to the Monitoring
Archaeologist and the HEO.
8.1.4 The frequency of monitoring visits thereafter will depend upon how much archaeology is being
found and the specific requirements of the Monitoring Archaeologist and the HEO.
9 Reporting, Publication and Archive Methodology
9.1.1 Upon completion of the archaeological site works the archive will be assembled in line with the
recommendations provided in English Heritage’s ‘MoRPHE Project Planning Note 3:
Archaeological Excavation (PPN3)’ and other relevant guidelines.
9.1.2 In addition to the site records, artefacts, ecofacts and other sample residues, the archive shall
contain all the data collected during the excavation, including records, finds and environmental
samples. It will be quantified, ordered, indexed and internally consistent. Adequate resources
will be provided during fieldwork to ensure that all records are checked and internally consistent.
Archive consolidation will be undertaken immediately following the conclusion of fieldwork and
will involve:
� the site record being checked, cross-referenced and indexed as necessary;
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� all retained finds being cleaned, conserved and packaged in accordance with the
requirements of the recipient museum;
� all retained finds being assessed and recorded using pro forma recording sheets, by
suitably qualified and experienced staff. Initial artefact dating will be integrated within the
site matrix; and
� all retained environmental samples being processed by suitably experienced and
qualified staff and recorded using pro forma recording sheets.
9.1.3 In addition to the site records, artefacts, ecofacts and other sample residues, the archive shall
contain:
� site matrices where appropriate;
� a summary report synthesising the context record;
� a summary of the artefact record;
� a summary of the environment record.
9.1.4 The integrity of the primary field record will be preserved. Security copies will be maintained
where appropriate.
9.1.5 Provision will be made for the deposition of the archive, artefacts and environmental material,
an index and copies of all reports, subject to the permission of the relevant landowner (and if no
further archaeological work is to be initiated), in the appropriate recipient museum. The museum
will be advised by the archaeological contractor of the timetable of the proposed investigation
prior to excavation commencing and a Site Code applied for before site works commence.
Provision will be made for the stable storage of paper records and their long-term storage.
9.1.6 Upon completion of the investigations, the artefacts, ecofacts and stratigraphic information shall
be assessed as to their potential and significance for further analysis. This will include X-
radiography of all ferrous objects, a selection of non-ferrous artefacts, a sample of industrial
debris and all coins. Immediate conservation work will be undertaken if recommended by a
conservator. All finds will be treated in accordance with UKIC guidelines and good practice as
outlined in First Aid for Finds (Leigh et all, 1998).
9.1.7 A Post-Excavation Assessment (PEA) report will be prepared within an agreed timescale
following the completion of on-site archaeological investigations. This report will include the
following:
� a non-technical summary of the results of the work;
� a summary of the project’s background, outlining the circumstances of the project, the
archaeological background, the site descriptions, and the objectives of the archaeological
fieldwork;
� the site location;
� an account of the fieldwork methodology including a detailed narrative description of the
excavations, trench by trench, with reference to context numbers;
� the results of the excavation, including phasing and interpretation of the site sequence
and spot-dating of artefacts, if recovered;
� an assessment of the stratigraphic and other written, drawn and photographic records;
� a catalogue of the archaeological material recovered during the excavations supported by
illustration and specialist reports where appropriate ;
� a summary of the contents of the project archive and its location; and
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� appropriate photographs as required to illustrate the report;
9.1.8 The PEA report will be supported by an overall plan of the site, accurately identifying the
location of all trenches, as excavated and detailed plans of trenches containing features.
9.1.9 The report will outline the archaeological significance of the deposits identified, and provide an
interpretation of the results in relation to other sites in the vicinity.
9.1.10 Copies of the report (paper and/or digital as preferred by the recipients) will be supplied to
National Grid, the monitoring archaeologist and the HEO for comment.
9.1.11 Following the submission of a draft version of the PEA, and the receipt of any comments from
the above parties, a final PEA report will be produced.
9.1.12 It is possible that the excavation findings will warrant wider dissemination through formal
publication in an appropriate local archaeological journal. A contingency sum will be included in
the post-excavation costs provided by the archaeological contractor to cover this potential
element of reporting.
9.1.13 A draft copy of the report will be supplied to the Monitoring Archaeologist and National Grid to
enable suggestions and/or comments to be made. This will be completed within a period of 4
weeks following completion of fieldwork, unless specialist reports are awaited. In the latter case,
a revised date should be agreed.
9.1.14 A period of two weeks after the return of this draft report will be provided to allow any changes
to be made before a final report is produced. The evaluation will also be entered on to the
Online Access to Index of Archaeological Investigations (OASIS) project. The overall aim of the
OASIS project is to provide an online index to the mass of archaeological grey literature that has
been produced as a result of the advent of large-scale developer funded fieldwork. The
archaeological contractor will therefore initiate an OASIS form immediately before fieldwork
commences, and complete this once the project is finished. It will include a .pdf version of the
final report. A copy of the OASIS form will be included in the final report.
10 Health and Safety
10.1.1 All fieldwork associated with the archaeological evaluation will be subject to a site specific Risk
Assessment Method Statement (RAMS) which will be produced by the archaeological contractor
and submitted to Hyder Consulting and National Grid for review prior to the commencement of
work.
10.1.2 The RAMS will:
� Detail the work activities, tasks and steps that will be undertaken during the
archaeological evaluation.
� Identify all hazards and foreseeable causes of harm that may be associated with the
evaluation activities.
� Identify who or what might be harmed and how.
� Assess the risks associated with the hazards.
� Detail how risks will be controlled/mitigated.
� Detail how Health and Safety will be managed and monitored throughout this element of
the project.
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10.1.3 The RAMS will also detail the archaeological contractor’s scope of work, programme, staff
responsibilities, welfare provision, PPE, equipment and tools, safe method of working,
environmental protection measures, work-specific emergency procedures and hazard and near
miss reporting procedures.
10.1.4 All staff working on site will undertake the Feeder 9 Safety induction and will read and sign the
RAMS prior to starting work on site.
10.1.5 There are a number of existing high pressure gas pipelines located within the Goxhill site
(Figures 1 and 2). No excavation can take place within 10m of these pipelines. Prior to
commencement of fieldwork the Archaeological Contractor will liaise with National Grid or their
agents to arrange for the routes of these pipelines to be pegged out on the ground.
10.1.6 Prior to the excavation of any trenches the archaeological contractor will use a CAT scanner
across the proposed trench location to check for any live cables that may be present below the
ground. If any such cable is identified the excavation of that trench will not proceed.
11 References
Chartered Institute for Archaeologists. 2014. Standard and guidance for archaeological field
evaluation
English Heritage. 2006. Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment
English Heritage. 2006. Guidance for Best Practice for Treatment of Human Remains
Excavated From Christian Burial Grounds in England
Hyder Consulting, 2014. River Humber Pipeline Replacement Project Cultural Heritage Desk-
based Assessment
Hyder Consulting, 2014. River Humber Pipeline Replacement Project Environmental Statement
Chapter 6 Cultural Heritage
Leigh et al. 1998. First Aid for Finds; Practical Guide for Archaeologists
1
23
4
5
6
7
8
910
11
12
13
1415
1617
18
1920
21
22
23
24
2526
2728
29
3031
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
4041
4243
44
LegendEval TrenchesExisting pipelinesExisting pipeline bufferRed Line
1
23
4
5
6
7
8
910
11
12
13
1415
1617
18
1920
21
22
23
24
2526
2728
29
3031
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
4041
4243
44
LegendEval TrenchesExisting pipelinesExisting pipeline bufferGeophysicsCropmarksRed Line
1
23
4
5
6
7
8
910
11
12
13
1415
1617
18
1920
21
22
23
24
2526
2728
29
3031
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
4041
4243
44
LegendEval TrenchesF9 Replacement pipelineperm pipelineTemporary spoil handling and storage areasTemporary environmental mitigation and managementTemporary Works AreaTemporary monitoring areaLimit of DeviationLimit of Deviation 12.5m offsetred line
45
49
47
48
46
LegendEval TrenchesExisting pipelinesExisting pipeline bufferGeophysicsCropmarksRed Line