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US MIlD Issnosn-rr=a

ty Earl s Jr S Iseaced SLa ecr

aaaetes tess

Ptiaods sal techniques for oontering critl tea-shield pareaters darms esaeraft restuhave aea developed aid ealeed The required isostr ti aes far -esrene oI aesshysare terstu lieletbutio Incidet bet flns char sd bltion ane dised detil The celibratLon at anis S ad sa-it pplied tote varlou s s deaioc si-Isted resar e io are presentedr

sam~boalac

e s c et the ainosphere sor-rosaidLen a plet it bas a bdhh msitil selocityslh eust be dissipated prier to iact tIe etaceptere a as a bretles seceaiss on tbe

vehic tleseri hintic eeri f oti toheat to rtect the eseacrat localized

eatim or ba a treI is1hete rese of 10 Cso0 P ad above witeh produce het rates W

to f2_t-s teua p eetis_ stea htee been de-eloed Tste syItes secrporate satcrisls S b absorb and d iae the beat toariu-s- meth ir -rdistoeid a tiou ma i-lstion) The theoretial effcieey1 thes satelrials eo he sayiticanyf deri erd with sufficient precision for currest esacecrafte pr r baxrr c ~atln of the systen pcerin beeeer =s sysmbert tie criica weiet sisadristeptsisaio of ths

c ve tru ca n ic Ifofo atin obta ed durti actual reestI(I) ttil cempartively

saiel (ttertl rectio sta) has bre e-ccpliit setslro trial an -erer il-rliIassitrtel iforsailo aeot tion of reat inditica isnernte et fad-Mtiss ad trib Mpcrt rery snedsis-

Ceavsuer ar ettesuiroly used in data rdcIse an analySis th sothes tehiqe ofr mate-niel Iefermsness analysis to a oonreceecsble flit ethics with sa ampe of acuray ce-team tnii itfatiom ost e obetaiedris actual reestry tie aeeraIlLYlys aesiteal Prs~searesaeasced aiatIs (surfaeressionil ebs- (cance is pares etsil maerlo ete) t ersiar (surfac ad

sob arscloisidat 1tesrt (tot beait-Iag rae inut a h uie sadiarfl

(staticand

tir a etr la fastlk~e see

Zie purposewaofl taer In to discus i of the sesas seehniques sad problems enscooered

Etnpe AID EVALIZIM0

ettr

thiese inasreneteacte

tlflIw

fee istcentain techniques sed in s shyinstaetethese ict closely mted to the bet-shield mteril chrcterlistis d the reshyentry eavirocemt variales oeer the bic sens desi evalation proles are to all mterials rhe 5lIc Proos heat-shield material (ACO so 5239) Is a pesolieapasyshy

matral ecpsddInto a fiber-glas hcoeemb A typical masureet syst-oofigshyotl io i in t -LreI

Pressu-e

Sttcpesr ase are t seae w7 -sia inveatlesi precalibat pessure sesors

utside statie pressure is 1soeledtbroh th eb trs1r tia a -Ishydiseter tube Tec major roileass tif enshyceatere were bole blochnee oosed by hiquified bat-shield saeril eceice erosIn at z hole locatio hat c uction b the ir-toe

se ti srpeese sitis e pressuretrat ofcer tes prbres ase cause bydasa =stoat ofteptlsn emle euia latuen th a 45 brad for bet aborptica usshy

ra~ - or nos-diennie sufc bullstatic seeeesre aesrat i rI- aZ

faourife a surfae tner atr eup te 50ueO P cne mered he ustosw it tne

e ten ti e I aich aer beta fle-spre cad it sirc l brid o bere ide fee lasc a of

t~s hz jIesisIless tha 3 perent for rasrace saieet aI les tha 7 peren for riofac tperatzr measurements Thee r cased by the henoip -ec i~th mshyral has o besoalyticaily detitiaedl hat bets of the kitt cat codci Ity t Is shytinated to cus for ni tofte detectable error foind te the tbesmocoupie Is enposed on thse saterial surfaca during testing Ti- 2 nw h otaccetal senoar foeast for tese iuemns the wire iet e is O0 on

csailea stieess is betee OCOIsa

ht be 1pry centd iro

0010 inche

iupenc~ripts refer to -efere-e-I ae t he end of the pr

iNditeu surc tontins nite mni-ria Barton dnrieIcce In thas chrce-

A dlti-ti Inoanit Imo )srte scalrta art sthe A I slsiaSeoeni- tou stfcc ion ow r amIns~m or iss a C~65tatameIssd

Ima nilhItsnt it-ateof htita-ra t eta is de-rt il ttt~atii soi aeltina wit aon uni-nea tor

fine then Iniples or cat lorineter - On acurte tirtsucs 1s is ouf Ud to atf euI faicatetd fon ns Ito-c dltrtttic sithin tIM tubeO

ninon rote i-omsonmieitatat-oerceot chmin tirs A single soasio esomact is f~MXT IHI tfs

resntio (Ions io th Min- tinr 11n oomit M2) Toe ithe

so in figor 3 Toee sIset ar Innsend lfllO1C l tk

ar veitsity (satWaontrtota snet Wsststh cln- roe therefore the dat atnnr toPTesno ae antomorscann figr on ete tod d reltsttityh of tie calbrico or

deecosi-t te technitis festeditW iet is Ofte titainitd wi the ntainsr Siona a themi4 n l sioe ethtottetYsar ss caoIte meaisd of the sesor cthihntcOnce cobo

onoslsnooliba nont 1 at reattLi-s testin -c itrIts n th nelftshyerstIn 1aaraa thes sensor brie dizcoosico ot eachnto o 5=r t tn of

lsenesi-aIlit of the reteratre tecaossonsa Woifins seor esin es retor Itu ti-t to prot

tolerabl InnI of 10 to 15 pecet hatershysadticcel deeelormemtsl i-eai Is considered m-rs ry Prior to spncecraft stlctr hat tnsectoastcn2 prh C

tar coon 1he1) et be csliobatteore Inatalshy

the leos or -sim hetshetteiel sy on on sast onIa safrdl Nationsa sureu of saritoret1to naonc ix drtt o- Ishe lTo-nl Oteatatila eaperic ~Y(k) met hasen1

tettinain oetelperatur atnich the los effe- Iote ca U-ae up to =3 F saainst II- ~csam tiemual he coSt aftec chnsoslos nei betted theraooupleec atA IIenl a It accute s easy Utmnc mci-hot tIn4 tfs ina ahl gle swpset - tne senior toIn t aIII-l ltte stnce Mbd senil-tnt-ta aitty t sun Asnn-isity nls-vtaet

ted In the heat-shield unteriazs (2) y sdrajeter corete far fines tasenktorso Is ued for seorufc inetmate ssurnnt

aIst or tos w ccmercui itofits (5 ji-5) et- xcaa tine s me n on a-cnt~l an pennio uninl in a tlle stnal I-e~ tiais n ag tla piciarns nod scat mlten 31-A) Ith is cotniatd Is a65ichdee Inslutico i-tate ybh an ctce csnit of i-eri i-so This statre aiiatsprnosi- a ao Pinat should ettep to aitnitte

yalitygat t

soceIs Iucste d aloud ih th materill n- - oooatiio

tnrair taveeochccortoteocr h - lainl eatn in se - oi-

Wnicnna otreratr filler is the sace is cstaatt at soobt or oas soliiaa ser onoolt tra 1ncdn tur btI-ta fte t ra atalt Then enjstct e- coatd W nuicatur Iwee-looul (ci) 4ttetioa pach A dattoo ssuscr ca~icto ets be Piend to entich 1s enotely located tat ser a to toe hfhitAaoietSe 50 t t ontoot signal -m b-at syeo Is -tht In flgur 4 in ened-e soreisAtit(

sti fflere5

Suet the earf Imh rsoecy ehMis t3)he Q niet het rith fltshynsat ~ selit for ceaut het-Obiltshyss-eta sonface recaico table-icc) es et C 1 OR costralta thronth use dscrilbed in thei-i 0taIsotopet prccen sen-m on char osstawaentC The e hiclt loptntii

tia ue hoohnsod electo PonsaIc arc Iitl Th untiia dIfferor Ifes t iice in th o behathoc twn malterial cher and

ssesottsina-ic The elale acoeti k- itnn~ coc- Ity 061ntfonoshemteilinat sorfac i-te

aseeeoposed In fotngom the aeoi ns-a binh tcftfl Ubtii O tie coe - Is te e Ih the chr snsor kt wth T the omlete teont (tube tluer aetiir) I-a ao-etsto hays Iiten) etrctr cioor seeta titie Meoe sfitito ofwtl in behayte to i-haneethe the hflt-thIld vth ftsbno

US MIlD Issnosn-rr=a

ty Earl s Jr S Iseaced SLa ecr

aaaetes tess

Ptiaods sal techniques for oontering critl tea-shield pareaters darms esaeraft restuhave aea developed aid ealeed The required isostr ti aes far -esrene oI aesshysare terstu lieletbutio Incidet bet flns char sd bltion ane dised detil The celibratLon at anis S ad sa-it pplied tote varlou s s deaioc si-Isted resar e io are presentedr

sam~boalac

e s c et the ainosphere sor-rosaidLen a plet it bas a bdhh msitil selocityslh eust be dissipated prier to iact tIe etaceptere a as a bretles seceaiss on tbe

vehic tleseri hintic eeri f oti toheat to rtect the eseacrat localized

eatim or ba a treI is1hete rese of 10 Cso0 P ad above witeh produce het rates W

to f2_t-s teua p eetis_ stea htee been de-eloed Tste syItes secrporate satcrisls S b absorb and d iae the beat toariu-s- meth ir -rdistoeid a tiou ma i-lstion) The theoretial effcieey1 thes satelrials eo he sayiticanyf deri erd with sufficient precision for currest esacecrafte pr r baxrr c ~atln of the systen pcerin beeeer =s sysmbert tie criica weiet sisadristeptsisaio of ths

c ve tru ca n ic Ifofo atin obta ed durti actual reestI(I) ttil cempartively

saiel (ttertl rectio sta) has bre e-ccpliit setslro trial an -erer il-rliIassitrtel iforsailo aeot tion of reat inditica isnernte et fad-Mtiss ad trib Mpcrt rery snedsis-

Ceavsuer ar ettesuiroly used in data rdcIse an analySis th sothes tehiqe ofr mate-niel Iefermsness analysis to a oonreceecsble flit ethics with sa ampe of acuray ce-team tnii itfatiom ost e obetaiedris actual reestry tie aeeraIlLYlys aesiteal Prs~searesaeasced aiatIs (surfaeressionil ebs- (cance is pares etsil maerlo ete) t ersiar (surfac ad

sob arscloisidat 1tesrt (tot beait-Iag rae inut a h uie sadiarfl

(staticand

tir a etr la fastlk~e see

Zie purposewaofl taer In to discus i of the sesas seehniques sad problems enscooered

Etnpe AID EVALIZIM0

ettr

thiese inasreneteacte

tlflIw

fee istcentain techniques sed in s shyinstaetethese ict closely mted to the bet-shield mteril chrcterlistis d the reshyentry eavirocemt variales oeer the bic sens desi evalation proles are to all mterials rhe 5lIc Proos heat-shield material (ACO so 5239) Is a pesolieapasyshy

matral ecpsddInto a fiber-glas hcoeemb A typical masureet syst-oofigshyotl io i in t -LreI

Pressu-e

Sttcpesr ase are t seae w7 -sia inveatlesi precalibat pessure sesors

utside statie pressure is 1soeledtbroh th eb trs1r tia a -Ishydiseter tube Tec major roileass tif enshyceatere were bole blochnee oosed by hiquified bat-shield saeril eceice erosIn at z hole locatio hat c uction b the ir-toe

se ti srpeese sitis e pressuretrat ofcer tes prbres ase cause bydasa =stoat ofteptlsn emle euia latuen th a 45 brad for bet aborptica usshy

ra~ - or nos-diennie sufc bullstatic seeeesre aesrat i rI- aZ

faourife a surfae tner atr eup te 50ueO P cne mered he ustosw it tne

e ten ti e I aich aer beta fle-spre cad it sirc l brid o bere ide fee lasc a of

t~s hz jIesisIless tha 3 perent for rasrace saieet aI les tha 7 peren for riofac tperatzr measurements Thee r cased by the henoip -ec i~th mshyral has o besoalyticaily detitiaedl hat bets of the kitt cat codci Ity t Is shytinated to cus for ni tofte detectable error foind te the tbesmocoupie Is enposed on thse saterial surfaca during testing Ti- 2 nw h otaccetal senoar foeast for tese iuemns the wire iet e is O0 on

csailea stieess is betee OCOIsa

ht be 1pry centd iro

0010 inche

iupenc~ripts refer to -efere-e-I ae t he end of the pr

iNditeu surc tontins nite mni-ria Barton dnrieIcce In thas chrce-

A dlti-ti Inoanit Imo )srte scalrta art sthe A I slsiaSeoeni- tou stfcc ion ow r amIns~m or iss a C~65tatameIssd

Ima nilhItsnt it-ateof htita-ra t eta is de-rt il ttt~atii soi aeltina wit aon uni-nea tor

fine then Iniples or cat lorineter - On acurte tirtsucs 1s is ouf Ud to atf euI faicatetd fon ns Ito-c dltrtttic sithin tIM tubeO

ninon rote i-omsonmieitatat-oerceot chmin tirs A single soasio esomact is f~MXT IHI tfs

resntio (Ions io th Min- tinr 11n oomit M2) Toe ithe

so in figor 3 Toee sIset ar Innsend lfllO1C l tk

ar veitsity (satWaontrtota snet Wsststh cln- roe therefore the dat atnnr toPTesno ae antomorscann figr on ete tod d reltsttityh of tie calbrico or

deecosi-t te technitis festeditW iet is Ofte titainitd wi the ntainsr Siona a themi4 n l sioe ethtottetYsar ss caoIte meaisd of the sesor cthihntcOnce cobo

onoslsnooliba nont 1 at reattLi-s testin -c itrIts n th nelftshyerstIn 1aaraa thes sensor brie dizcoosico ot eachnto o 5=r t tn of

lsenesi-aIlit of the reteratre tecaossonsa Woifins seor esin es retor Itu ti-t to prot

tolerabl InnI of 10 to 15 pecet hatershysadticcel deeelormemtsl i-eai Is considered m-rs ry Prior to spncecraft stlctr hat tnsectoastcn2 prh C

tar coon 1he1) et be csliobatteore Inatalshy

the leos or -sim hetshetteiel sy on on sast onIa safrdl Nationsa sureu of saritoret1to naonc ix drtt o- Ishe lTo-nl Oteatatila eaperic ~Y(k) met hasen1

tettinain oetelperatur atnich the los effe- Iote ca U-ae up to =3 F saainst II- ~csam tiemual he coSt aftec chnsoslos nei betted theraooupleec atA IIenl a It accute s easy Utmnc mci-hot tIn4 tfs ina ahl gle swpset - tne senior toIn t aIII-l ltte stnce Mbd senil-tnt-ta aitty t sun Asnn-isity nls-vtaet

ted In the heat-shield unteriazs (2) y sdrajeter corete far fines tasenktorso Is ued for seorufc inetmate ssurnnt

aIst or tos w ccmercui itofits (5 ji-5) et- xcaa tine s me n on a-cnt~l an pennio uninl in a tlle stnal I-e~ tiais n ag tla piciarns nod scat mlten 31-A) Ith is cotniatd Is a65ichdee Inslutico i-tate ybh an ctce csnit of i-eri i-so This statre aiiatsprnosi- a ao Pinat should ettep to aitnitte

yalitygat t

soceIs Iucste d aloud ih th materill n- - oooatiio

tnrair taveeochccortoteocr h - lainl eatn in se - oi-

Wnicnna otreratr filler is the sace is cstaatt at soobt or oas soliiaa ser onoolt tra 1ncdn tur btI-ta fte t ra atalt Then enjstct e- coatd W nuicatur Iwee-looul (ci) 4ttetioa pach A dattoo ssuscr ca~icto ets be Piend to entich 1s enotely located tat ser a to toe hfhitAaoietSe 50 t t ontoot signal -m b-at syeo Is -tht In flgur 4 in ened-e soreisAtit(

sti fflere5

Suet the earf Imh rsoecy ehMis t3)he Q niet het rith fltshynsat ~ selit for ceaut het-Obiltshyss-eta sonface recaico table-icc) es et C 1 OR costralta thronth use dscrilbed in thei-i 0taIsotopet prccen sen-m on char osstawaentC The e hiclt loptntii

tia ue hoohnsod electo PonsaIc arc Iitl Th untiia dIfferor Ifes t iice in th o behathoc twn malterial cher and

ssesottsina-ic The elale acoeti k- itnn~ coc- Ity 061ntfonoshemteilinat sorfac i-te

aseeeoposed In fotngom the aeoi ns-a binh tcftfl Ubtii O tie coe - Is te e Ih the chr snsor kt wth T the omlete teont (tube tluer aetiir) I-a ao-etsto hays Iiten) etrctr cioor seeta titie Meoe sfitito ofwtl in behayte to i-haneethe the hflt-thIld vth ftsbno

iNditeu surc tontins nite mni-ria Barton dnrieIcce In thas chrce-

A dlti-ti Inoanit Imo )srte scalrta art sthe A I slsiaSeoeni- tou stfcc ion ow r amIns~m or iss a C~65tatameIssd

Ima nilhItsnt it-ateof htita-ra t eta is de-rt il ttt~atii soi aeltina wit aon uni-nea tor

fine then Iniples or cat lorineter - On acurte tirtsucs 1s is ouf Ud to atf euI faicatetd fon ns Ito-c dltrtttic sithin tIM tubeO

ninon rote i-omsonmieitatat-oerceot chmin tirs A single soasio esomact is f~MXT IHI tfs

resntio (Ions io th Min- tinr 11n oomit M2) Toe ithe

so in figor 3 Toee sIset ar Innsend lfllO1C l tk

ar veitsity (satWaontrtota snet Wsststh cln- roe therefore the dat atnnr toPTesno ae antomorscann figr on ete tod d reltsttityh of tie calbrico or

deecosi-t te technitis festeditW iet is Ofte titainitd wi the ntainsr Siona a themi4 n l sioe ethtottetYsar ss caoIte meaisd of the sesor cthihntcOnce cobo

onoslsnooliba nont 1 at reattLi-s testin -c itrIts n th nelftshyerstIn 1aaraa thes sensor brie dizcoosico ot eachnto o 5=r t tn of

lsenesi-aIlit of the reteratre tecaossonsa Woifins seor esin es retor Itu ti-t to prot

tolerabl InnI of 10 to 15 pecet hatershysadticcel deeelormemtsl i-eai Is considered m-rs ry Prior to spncecraft stlctr hat tnsectoastcn2 prh C

tar coon 1he1) et be csliobatteore Inatalshy

the leos or -sim hetshetteiel sy on on sast onIa safrdl Nationsa sureu of saritoret1to naonc ix drtt o- Ishe lTo-nl Oteatatila eaperic ~Y(k) met hasen1

tettinain oetelperatur atnich the los effe- Iote ca U-ae up to =3 F saainst II- ~csam tiemual he coSt aftec chnsoslos nei betted theraooupleec atA IIenl a It accute s easy Utmnc mci-hot tIn4 tfs ina ahl gle swpset - tne senior toIn t aIII-l ltte stnce Mbd senil-tnt-ta aitty t sun Asnn-isity nls-vtaet

ted In the heat-shield unteriazs (2) y sdrajeter corete far fines tasenktorso Is ued for seorufc inetmate ssurnnt

aIst or tos w ccmercui itofits (5 ji-5) et- xcaa tine s me n on a-cnt~l an pennio uninl in a tlle stnal I-e~ tiais n ag tla piciarns nod scat mlten 31-A) Ith is cotniatd Is a65ichdee Inslutico i-tate ybh an ctce csnit of i-eri i-so This statre aiiatsprnosi- a ao Pinat should ettep to aitnitte

yalitygat t

soceIs Iucste d aloud ih th materill n- - oooatiio

tnrair taveeochccortoteocr h - lainl eatn in se - oi-

Wnicnna otreratr filler is the sace is cstaatt at soobt or oas soliiaa ser onoolt tra 1ncdn tur btI-ta fte t ra atalt Then enjstct e- coatd W nuicatur Iwee-looul (ci) 4ttetioa pach A dattoo ssuscr ca~icto ets be Piend to entich 1s enotely located tat ser a to toe hfhitAaoietSe 50 t t ontoot signal -m b-at syeo Is -tht In flgur 4 in ened-e soreisAtit(

sti fflere5

Suet the earf Imh rsoecy ehMis t3)he Q niet het rith fltshynsat ~ selit for ceaut het-Obiltshyss-eta sonface recaico table-icc) es et C 1 OR costralta thronth use dscrilbed in thei-i 0taIsotopet prccen sen-m on char osstawaentC The e hiclt loptntii

tia ue hoohnsod electo PonsaIc arc Iitl Th untiia dIfferor Ifes t iice in th o behathoc twn malterial cher and

ssesottsina-ic The elale acoeti k- itnn~ coc- Ity 061ntfonoshemteilinat sorfac i-te

aseeeoposed In fotngom the aeoi ns-a binh tcftfl Ubtii O tie coe - Is te e Ih the chr snsor kt wth T the omlete teont (tube tluer aetiir) I-a ao-etsto hays Iiten) etrctr cioor seeta titie Meoe sfitito ofwtl in behayte to i-haneethe the hflt-thIld vth ftsbno

T tenerature

r(T9 ) consat depei t ot reference June-tio t rature

subscript denote Initial ene rature alo~e~slnh

At the present tise tndeteod term In the equs-tico is oe to eesate for de-creAse sensor output caneed In- efeece-Jct tenperature This teem -a be Ospirically drter-sined using aoy Mn-s radiant beating durscr by

onltoei the rate of chance of the refereace unctio tperatuv The additcn o this Orn

ha redced th iosc-arac fro h percet to 15 percest in laboratory teto estn codut outsIde or a rdlant Ieatin facility shoid sin-ulate rentry-eavlrdogros conditions to lintaln the validity of this Calibration shen applied to heat-shield reasurencrte

Presko

Thre r sensr ca he albrted usig a stadard dds-eigh testing fllity The validity of this calibratio = st be substantiated sint the pressure tae In silated reentry

rviroaaeial cOaddituona

CAnsd Abiation

fhe char and ahlatio sensor are cllibramed r plotti h so e lenth Aainst ygdioativic add radioactivity satilst instrineat output lac a- is cut into 1 eu seeats ich a-chreked for mfo-ity if rafioiote The seg-rents Are than placed in their original order and sounte on pilatfodn hving the requlred sIeld-use Aeseetry While monitoring i-c oitpuit contln-u Vusly aet ened resoltig Iaser-se are Is or diacre te Step f tls (i5 nV per step) sith ach itep reresnting r-al of a o -cn of ratlo ctivly A snooth c-e of dis tancee platted against voltage ca he obtaine dnby etreplati p The senrs can he

ce crdOn imglated rentry conditios generated by la- arcs usin nan-Activated o s ad

esuing end points h -r and sectioning anal-yI Ativated seso ca be droola= ly checked i rartialy stooated conitionsge-evrt hr aoaetylene orhe The iieosoieo

orresulting fri statv isid lcute rags

ina o cear coggting A-e is given b

r 2sf

user

a conting errr pr seco 0

r nother or nt ra saeend

iCths nieeritso 0 coute

Cenrally this rror represents less than 0040 inch (2 percont) for a 3oo cout-er-cshydea 2-inch-og sensor The error resulting frt -- fon distrib loo of rediolistce is approitly 3 ercnt y total iyst e-r is 5 percw ote $otetetorlees total

sor if ic Testier

t qual catt testin of these shouild be desiinec alth cad specific puroses In mind First tO detaneine the Adroodetion of tng celibratloo cure of the soensorcaned Ofythe rshyentry deenroon-nt (efets of nhar ovidation tpraaurv etc-h and seco to telst a sufficient quantity of exrerimnetal dItw ith thich to cypress the manurcro paraneters is teers or reantoy condliclos Since the mL-I value of the rntry variables tLh can be exshypecteo to lnfuence the ensor (urfce Iepes-shytore heaticg rite nthalpy sheer aldaye pArtial cresaure) ccu at differn real tines In I possIble to a seenel different types at est facilties for reetry stiletins heting

In particular three facilities lend ineselves very sU to gee-atil or acceptable evrshyr ntal coditions for ecajuatioc of heat shieldshysenor The ar plasn si-Jet onantetlen tors and los-pessure oke-has chnera Table I lists 2kc teat poInts obaie fe tis cohintion or fsilitles th baerof test polnt reuired to rovide sufi-c dat for ar tr antalysi of the n or is deerneed

Wr the m-ter of envirouoental aerisoleS sod their rnnge It has bee fron that all fcur seOc should he ubjeed to aproin-ately Identical test crndi l ns In order to provide aequate corshyrelaito btee te dae Fsen 6 to 9 are typcal cutpt signals for teprtrheat-fltn olstin and ciar sensors suich de tested in

suate enviooncts Se Ii is a co site csre io data fro= all r sensor

DOP I Ci Tahi ftS

snalms of tes- data rte by teo 0er durg idcd reentry cnitionscan

he divided into tc sepuarat categories b ad axttc

EeoamA yis

ansnalvsts unprieo-lly chs caloprshytios(uha sectionin d -Irnsionae rshymnt data convesion and plotting) aid isual oboervatioo (sok As curve sl Xs-ray anal-

YS p-t contlnulty and noion ictus)basi on enetrin 3udceit Froc this type of enalysi Aneral co luions nar be inferred peshytaUinig tO materias conpatibility baaiicoor

desigs accuracy of calibratilon reliability vdthshyin th test cuvrooneni and grosseerueta effect It ha been obasrd that tiring relative l ih smear force (above ll n) ti

cErcular disks terr to pop out rather tin alate c tinsly At l- beetle es (less

thWE 50 ftl ft ec) ca sorsatcs tems con-U u s the deec-roaltion -lE lectes) t bad a st of bence of o rble ablatioa sad liv su e temperatures (appr shyntty MDorF) At Mamphheatin es (500

2 tsrt se) sat mteril te to eIt or I-_

dite bels the sre and char sod ablatil rates apprch atea4-state s s stich tend to remain eosist over side viations of surface eonditIons eiations fr t seor clitrAshyti- e can usually b deter-ined in this AWe of anlis by cot failur of the se s roshybr lane error beiee seneor dat - atree

is used A Atndar referecee For eaple iosulted tustenftsten-l2-percent reiut

thercupe repeatedl indirted mtrIal fae topeatre of 300r F oueer otica scit-rin evicea shove the true teerturEI Ette LE tEM t00 r to 4wc V nose This Alf-fere-teoast itues a 33-peret eror tn eued vi inuted theoo les e

trI recorded rand ro o to 000 P vimte obserled error teiEteW

5 an 7 percent

detertice basic caliEatio Eos an establis tinint level ocofneor tisaurener- It shytegrity End reliability For -tned stcraft appications hise confidence levels ar E-quires

Atae ana is

Autoatin anlyis Arplries tie WE of data pro cessingt equipeWnt Ssch as conpter vad 0l plot-ters C eer Wae te itt to eluate hat-sield Elials in tern of thetenued taprata distribution vithin the

trisl s oppse to EniroEEts raentes

techtiques ha Itee previsly ue in Apollo ogr It uld appea that Imtl)silaralysis techniques could te use to increasre confidence level of sensors tested in the par taly siulated reentry evirrents of preset troend test facilities and tbs tis ac r-5 a- EEld he ued to establish a itsnda-d reference vim Iparet Ett ueb r the Eh typ of senso A pro Iu cre tlyb-is

inE sItt to acEW11s thse al-s using th Wsond paccnf Cetr TOMtco e ThEE physical soEt f Dirs a aine

1 Each tye or s o Is tene identical citionserieted re s amIaetylese torches alospesue rht n-

2 The tea conditions seetdaetxsoa innAEAn aEe inteudissy WEint of etch

najr eireta aral (shah bE a

pinEa-)

3 The totAl teat ata eWviren s WEshys ouu are processe Wythe cpter to

yld so equation of te foWIE

a ( 1 ) f (yt) bull

f (Yt

e

oued psee variable (tenprtre-o ablation char and incidt heat rate)

a cnt

y enic utsl varibles

t t e

1or a gie1 se f Errirona ondiicca I

- ) operydting Vor a give tZs InErEshyl t the ntn has pltiv incnsg ue As t Icrsss It Is th I Osible to

substitte end-poit values fo WWee lensiL vables sod plot the forh fir a gi tise intervWl TEIs ue of isih is eonshy

sor cu te directly nauredA sith tEm data gertedE by the censo nesi k) thique ha yielded i ia

iLEnco envioo uta E--EeEers eor opu Addit l coEuiter time quired to dontrte t the ta uque vsues for isegsii tine

Sop

i the on tteshysin he eshy

has

e ity for evalatio of bt-ildnaterias dinn acual specraf meetry has prvdedI teI EEtialatiE for dEveloing seia-

To these paec requiir-enta5speeal iost~llstion desisa calibration techshy5

siques se dt anlyis aebs have ben e eloped for pressE t t Abltt hran t-rate sEasicett

r intoaton sb ed b te sensors It w ben posibl to reuete tin And cost inole in bestsheld mteril s-Ieshytil nd n1 WtetE

renty v mt to dei

ns ch tEo increa craft thsnl rtio

tC O

sdytn o-EuEtntwtcu

WIh hbs confidence lher n-rm a t ss

th L Edsa cysts Arasi

isu uho i grtta inebte to tet

Mhe-al lrtatioIehrtz KndSae5

pases at we n

PthteinArlaIoc ThS 1963

Will- 0 jes-SId AttaaampS

ilatlonOee-iWtio~ ~ J alo-a5o4

inn Suroicte to flt ro1 tif

29000~ oslo

~ ~ 34 1 000010 0211

120l -BAN--

rr$50 020002

0C 00

000

9 ~~o - m -shy

6 00000otrc 10

2~~~~~~66fttr021

110 I1

2 66 04

le

10 9001dM

W10

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1964M 30

As Mat1149 IMn02 404 It~ Is I

it It4Mt ll64 12ot t 4 W wailt 1 Lis

M- i~l 40601 1t4UW le to0 10 344

J~~ ~~ ~~~~~~I0 1ampdO1 Ys0000M 6

990 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Ili002 1000h0IIN 3m0

on All 20 9 23 0 1h0 00 40o9 tO

0000t~ ~~2 ~ ~2 ~ ~010 -37 ~ ~12 AM00106 il0 12

A-54 7442

F 20

Flow 2 - Tewoamwmo

NASA-S-65-7445

Foure 4 - AblatiorVchawmeasmment sytm

1~~~~~t +wwAs otv ts

NASA-S-65-7447

5000 - TatI vW 4 RnXI-22 1

2 4

400-Stnac temporatu (votical)

I3000

I2000 1000 d

3 own

0 50 10o 150 200 250 300 350

Flig 6 - 1YolcMltemoerat hlstov of thenalugradlmnunmse

400

4

600

200

0 150zo

~ 7~ut~TcI M to hWu m

MASA-65-7449 201

200

198

197

196

195

Test olnt 4 fu 1- 36

0-- iT 9---shy

10

F na1s1fac

20 30 40

From S - Typlcal ablaion hiatt

E-d1a

1llat su~nut

50 60 70 80

T se nso

of abluro Aesm

90 100

HASAS4657450 hlElo

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0 0

10

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I S O 2 0 0

4 Do a

wuI 4 0

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14

112

10

6

0 so 00 1SO 200 Timowc

250 300 350 400

cErcular disks terr to pop out rather tin alate c tinsly At l- beetle es (less

thWE 50 ftl ft ec) ca sorsatcs tems con-U u s the deec-roaltion -lE lectes) t bad a st of bence of o rble ablatioa sad liv su e temperatures (appr shyntty MDorF) At Mamphheatin es (500

2 tsrt se) sat mteril te to eIt or I-_

dite bels the sre and char sod ablatil rates apprch atea4-state s s stich tend to remain eosist over side viations of surface eonditIons eiations fr t seor clitrAshyti- e can usually b deter-ined in this AWe of anlis by cot failur of the se s roshybr lane error beiee seneor dat - atree

is used A Atndar referecee For eaple iosulted tustenftsten-l2-percent reiut

thercupe repeatedl indirted mtrIal fae topeatre of 300r F oueer otica scit-rin evicea shove the true teerturEI Ette LE tEM t00 r to 4wc V nose This Alf-fere-teoast itues a 33-peret eror tn eued vi inuted theoo les e

trI recorded rand ro o to 000 P vimte obserled error teiEteW

5 an 7 percent

detertice basic caliEatio Eos an establis tinint level ocofneor tisaurener- It shytegrity End reliability For -tned stcraft appications hise confidence levels ar E-quires

Atae ana is

Autoatin anlyis Arplries tie WE of data pro cessingt equipeWnt Ssch as conpter vad 0l plot-ters C eer Wae te itt to eluate hat-sield Elials in tern of thetenued taprata distribution vithin the

trisl s oppse to EniroEEts raentes

techtiques ha Itee previsly ue in Apollo ogr It uld appea that Imtl)silaralysis techniques could te use to increasre confidence level of sensors tested in the par taly siulated reentry evirrents of preset troend test facilities and tbs tis ac r-5 a- EEld he ued to establish a itsnda-d reference vim Iparet Ett ueb r the Eh typ of senso A pro Iu cre tlyb-is

inE sItt to acEW11s thse al-s using th Wsond paccnf Cetr TOMtco e ThEE physical soEt f Dirs a aine

1 Each tye or s o Is tene identical citionserieted re s amIaetylese torches alospesue rht n-

2 The tea conditions seetdaetxsoa innAEAn aEe inteudissy WEint of etch

najr eireta aral (shah bE a

pinEa-)

3 The totAl teat ata eWviren s WEshys ouu are processe Wythe cpter to

yld so equation of te foWIE

a ( 1 ) f (yt) bull

f (Yt

e

oued psee variable (tenprtre-o ablation char and incidt heat rate)

a cnt

y enic utsl varibles

t t e

1or a gie1 se f Errirona ondiicca I

- ) operydting Vor a give tZs InErEshyl t the ntn has pltiv incnsg ue As t Icrsss It Is th I Osible to

substitte end-poit values fo WWee lensiL vables sod plot the forh fir a gi tise intervWl TEIs ue of isih is eonshy

sor cu te directly nauredA sith tEm data gertedE by the censo nesi k) thique ha yielded i ia

iLEnco envioo uta E--EeEers eor opu Addit l coEuiter time quired to dontrte t the ta uque vsues for isegsii tine

Sop

i the on tteshysin he eshy

has

e ity for evalatio of bt-ildnaterias dinn acual specraf meetry has prvdedI teI EEtialatiE for dEveloing seia-

To these paec requiir-enta5speeal iost~llstion desisa calibration techshy5

siques se dt anlyis aebs have ben e eloped for pressE t t Abltt hran t-rate sEasicett

r intoaton sb ed b te sensors It w ben posibl to reuete tin And cost inole in bestsheld mteril s-Ieshytil nd n1 WtetE

renty v mt to dei

ns ch tEo increa craft thsnl rtio

tC O

sdytn o-EuEtntwtcu

WIh hbs confidence lher n-rm a t ss

th L Edsa cysts Arasi

isu uho i grtta inebte to tet

Mhe-al lrtatioIehrtz KndSae5

pases at we n

PthteinArlaIoc ThS 1963

Will- 0 jes-SId AttaaampS

ilatlonOee-iWtio~ ~ J alo-a5o4

inn Suroicte to flt ro1 tif

29000~ oslo

~ ~ 34 1 000010 0211

120l -BAN--

rr$50 020002

0C 00

000

9 ~~o - m -shy

6 00000otrc 10

2~~~~~~66fttr021

110 I1

2 66 04

le

10 9001dM

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1964M 30

As Mat1149 IMn02 404 It~ Is I

it It4Mt ll64 12ot t 4 W wailt 1 Lis

M- i~l 40601 1t4UW le to0 10 344

J~~ ~~ ~~~~~~I0 1ampdO1 Ys0000M 6

990 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Ili002 1000h0IIN 3m0

on All 20 9 23 0 1h0 00 40o9 tO

0000t~ ~~2 ~ ~2 ~ ~010 -37 ~ ~12 AM00106 il0 12

A-54 7442

F 20

Flow 2 - Tewoamwmo

NASA-S-65-7445

Foure 4 - AblatiorVchawmeasmment sytm

1~~~~~t +wwAs otv ts

NASA-S-65-7447

5000 - TatI vW 4 RnXI-22 1

2 4

400-Stnac temporatu (votical)

I3000

I2000 1000 d

3 own

0 50 10o 150 200 250 300 350

Flig 6 - 1YolcMltemoerat hlstov of thenalugradlmnunmse

400

4

600

200

0 150zo

~ 7~ut~TcI M to hWu m

MASA-65-7449 201

200

198

197

196

195

Test olnt 4 fu 1- 36

0-- iT 9---shy

10

F na1s1fac

20 30 40

From S - Typlcal ablaion hiatt

E-d1a

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50 60 70 80

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90 100

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ilatlonOee-iWtio~ ~ J alo-a5o4

inn Suroicte to flt ro1 tif

29000~ oslo

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110 I1

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M- i~l 40601 1t4UW le to0 10 344

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0000t~ ~~2 ~ ~2 ~ ~010 -37 ~ ~12 AM00106 il0 12

A-54 7442

F 20

Flow 2 - Tewoamwmo

NASA-S-65-7445

Foure 4 - AblatiorVchawmeasmment sytm

1~~~~~t +wwAs otv ts

NASA-S-65-7447

5000 - TatI vW 4 RnXI-22 1

2 4

400-Stnac temporatu (votical)

I3000

I2000 1000 d

3 own

0 50 10o 150 200 250 300 350

Flig 6 - 1YolcMltemoerat hlstov of thenalugradlmnunmse

400

4

600

200

0 150zo

~ 7~ut~TcI M to hWu m

MASA-65-7449 201

200

198

197

196

195

Test olnt 4 fu 1- 36

0-- iT 9---shy

10

F na1s1fac

20 30 40

From S - Typlcal ablaion hiatt

E-d1a

1llat su~nut

50 60 70 80

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90 100

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A-54 7442

F 20

Flow 2 - Tewoamwmo

NASA-S-65-7445

Foure 4 - AblatiorVchawmeasmment sytm

1~~~~~t +wwAs otv ts

NASA-S-65-7447

5000 - TatI vW 4 RnXI-22 1

2 4

400-Stnac temporatu (votical)

I3000

I2000 1000 d

3 own

0 50 10o 150 200 250 300 350

Flig 6 - 1YolcMltemoerat hlstov of thenalugradlmnunmse

400

4

600

200

0 150zo

~ 7~ut~TcI M to hWu m

MASA-65-7449 201

200

198

197

196

195

Test olnt 4 fu 1- 36

0-- iT 9---shy

10

F na1s1fac

20 30 40

From S - Typlcal ablaion hiatt

E-d1a

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50 60 70 80

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90 100

HASAS4657450 hlElo

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A-54 7442

F 20

Flow 2 - Tewoamwmo

NASA-S-65-7445

Foure 4 - AblatiorVchawmeasmment sytm

1~~~~~t +wwAs otv ts

NASA-S-65-7447

5000 - TatI vW 4 RnXI-22 1

2 4

400-Stnac temporatu (votical)

I3000

I2000 1000 d

3 own

0 50 10o 150 200 250 300 350

Flig 6 - 1YolcMltemoerat hlstov of thenalugradlmnunmse

400

4

600

200

0 150zo

~ 7~ut~TcI M to hWu m

MASA-65-7449 201

200

198

197

196

195

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0-- iT 9---shy

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F na1s1fac

20 30 40

From S - Typlcal ablaion hiatt

E-d1a

1llat su~nut

50 60 70 80

T se nso

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90 100

HASAS4657450 hlElo

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10

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F 20

Flow 2 - Tewoamwmo

NASA-S-65-7445

Foure 4 - AblatiorVchawmeasmment sytm

1~~~~~t +wwAs otv ts

NASA-S-65-7447

5000 - TatI vW 4 RnXI-22 1

2 4

400-Stnac temporatu (votical)

I3000

I2000 1000 d

3 own

0 50 10o 150 200 250 300 350

Flig 6 - 1YolcMltemoerat hlstov of thenalugradlmnunmse

400

4

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200

0 150zo

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MASA-65-7449 201

200

198

197

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20 30 40

From S - Typlcal ablaion hiatt

E-d1a

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1~~~~~t +wwAs otv ts

NASA-S-65-7447

5000 - TatI vW 4 RnXI-22 1

2 4

400-Stnac temporatu (votical)

I3000

I2000 1000 d

3 own

0 50 10o 150 200 250 300 350

Flig 6 - 1YolcMltemoerat hlstov of thenalugradlmnunmse

400

4

600

200

0 150zo

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MASA-65-7449 201

200

198

197

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20 30 40

From S - Typlcal ablaion hiatt

E-d1a

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400-Stnac temporatu (votical)

I3000

I2000 1000 d

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0 50 10o 150 200 250 300 350

Flig 6 - 1YolcMltemoerat hlstov of thenalugradlmnunmse

400

4

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MASA-65-7449 201

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198

197

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0-- iT 9---shy

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From S - Typlcal ablaion hiatt

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NASA-S-65-7447

5000 - TatI vW 4 RnXI-22 1

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400-Stnac temporatu (votical)

I3000

I2000 1000 d

3 own

0 50 10o 150 200 250 300 350

Flig 6 - 1YolcMltemoerat hlstov of thenalugradlmnunmse

400

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MASA-65-7449 201

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From S - Typlcal ablaion hiatt

E-d1a

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