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MySQL: An Introduction for Oracle DBAs or

How to Speak MySQL for Beginners

Dave Stokes

David.Stokes@Oracle.com @Stoker

MySQL Community Manager

The following is intended to outline our general product

direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and

may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a

commitment to deliver any material, code, or

functionality, and should not be relied upon in making

purchasing decisions.

The development, release, and timing of any features or

functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at

the sole discretion of Oracle.

Safe Harbor Statement

• How to get MySQL

• MySQL Architecture 101

• Storage Engines

• Cluster

• Replication

• Support

• Tools of the trade

• New Stuff

• Where to use MySQL / Where not to use MySQL

• Additional Resources

• Joining the 'MySQL gang'

Agenda

How to get MySQL

Community:

Freely downloadable version of the world's most popular

open source database. It is available under the GPL license

and is supported by a huge and active community of open

source developers.

Enterprise:

Paid subscription includes support and the following

• MySQL Enterprise Backup

• MySQL Enterprise Monitor

• MySQL Query Analyzer

• MySQL Workbench

Free for 30 day evaluation

Get it now

Server – Community or Enterprise (for 30 days)

Cluster –real-time open source transactional database designed for

fast, always-on access to data under high throughput conditions.

Workbench – visual database design application that can be used to

efficiently design, manage and document database schemata and

get MySQL Utilities too!

Proxy – a simple program that sits between your client and MySQL

server(s) that can monitor, analyze or transform their communication.

Connectors – ODBC, Java, .Net, MXJ, C/C++, DBI, Ruby, Python,

etc.

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/

Easy to install

Pre-complied binaries

Example config files

Demo database

Lots of documentation

Docs

Online

Books

Classes

User Groups

15 Minute install

5 minutes Windows

Packages, Binaries,

packages &

source code

Compile your own

Add/delete Storage Engine

Add/delete features

MySQL Architecture 101

MySQL is a RDMS

Wide variety of hardware platforms

Connectors for most languages

Runs great on commodity hardware

Scales from small to Facebook

Is it standard SQL?

Yes

aim is to support the full

ANSI/ISO SQL standard,

but without making

concessions to speed and

quality of the code

No

Depends on engine

MySQL Storage Engines

What is it?

MySQL supports multiple storage engines. Each one implements tables that have a specific set of properties or characteristics.

MySQL Database Performance, Reliability, Ease of Use

Support for common

development

languages/platforms

Efficient multi-

threaded session

handling

Full DML, DDL

parsing, cost

based optimizer,

caching of queries

and result sets

Flexible Storage

Engine options for

application specific

storage needs

Flexible logging and physical storage options

• Default Storage Engine for MySQL 5.5 and above

• ACID-compliant transactions, MVCC

• Row-level locking

• Two phase commit

• Efficient indexing

• Fast DDL operations

• Table compression

• Automatic crash recovery

• Referential integrity

• Online backup

• More

MySQL Database InnoDB - Transactional by Default

Storage Engines:

Select a specialized storage engine for a particular application

need.

InnoDB: a high-reliability and high-performance storage engine

for MySQL designed for transaction processing. It follows the

ACID model. Row-level locking and Oracle-style consistent

reads increase multi-user concurrency and performance

MyISAM: oldest storage engine has many features

that have been developed over years.

Memory: creates tables with contents that are stored in memory.

MySQL Cluster offers the same features as the MEMORY

engine with higher performance levels, and provides

additional features

Storage Engines

Many options

Transactions

Speed

Warehousing

Column orientation

Lock

Have to know where your data is going

Manual:

dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/storage-engines.html

InnoDB

InnoDB is a high-reliability and high-performance storage engine.

Key advantages of InnoDB include:

ACID model, with transactions featuring commit, rollback, and crash-

recovery capabilities to protect user data.

Row-level locking and Oracle-style consistent reads increase multi-user

concurrency and performance.

InnoDB tables arrange your data on disk to optimize common queries

based on primary keys.

InnoDB also supports FOREIGN KEY referential-integrity constraints.

Cluster

MySQL Cluster is a real-time open

source transactional database

designed for fast, always-on

access to data under high

throughput conditions. MySQL

Cluster utilizes a “shared

nothing” architecture which

does not require any additional

infrastructure investment to

provide 99.999% data

availability with no single point

of failure.

Copyright 2011 Oracle Corporation 24

MySQL Database High Availability with MySQL Replication

MySQL Cluster 7.3 High Write Scalability, Real Time Performance, 99,999% Uptime

Copyright 2011 Oracle Corporation 25

• Telecoms

• Subscriber Databases (HLR/HSS)

• Service Delivery Platforms

• VoIP, IPTV & VoD

• Mobile Content Delivery

• On-Line app stores and portals

• IP Management

• Payment Gateways

• Web • User profile management

• Session stores

• eCommerce

• On-Line Gaming

• Application Servers

GA

• Improved Administration • NDBINFO: Real time status & usage statistics

• MySQL Cluster Manager (CGE Only)

• Higher Performance • MySQL Cluster Connector for Java

• Native Java & OpenJPA access to MySQL Cluster

• Carrier Grade Availability & Performance • Shared nothing, distributed design for 99.999% availability

• Sub-Second Failover & Self Healing Recovery

• On-Line Scaling and Maintenance

• Parallel Multi-Master Architecture

• Low Latency, Real Time Responsiveness

MySQL Cluster 7.3 GA

Who uses MySQL Cluster?

US Navy carrier

flight operations

Cluster – Typical Performance

Availability

99.999% (<5 min downtime / year)

Performance

Response Time 2-5 millisecond (with synchronous replication

and access via NDB API

Throughput of 10,000+ replicated transactions/sec on a 2

Node Cluster, with 1 CPU Per Node (minimal configuration)

Throughput of 100,000 replicated transactions/sec on 4 Node

Cluster, with 2 CPU Per Node (low-end configuration)

Failover

Sub-second failover enables you to deliver service

without interruption

GA

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“Testing of Adaptive Query Localization has yielded over 20x

higher performance on complex queries within our application,

enabling Docudesk to expand our use of MySQL Cluster into a

broader range of highly dynamic web services.”

Casey Brown

Manager, Development & DBA Services, Docudesk

MySQL Cluster 7.2

Early Adopter Speaks!

MySQL Replication Overview

Native in MySQL

Used for Scalability and

HA

Asynchronous as

standard

Semi-Synchronous

support added in

MySQL 5.5

Each slave adds

minimal load on master

MySQL Master

relay

binlog

MySQL Slave

mysqld

data

index &

binlogs

data binlog

updates

selects updates

mysqld

I/O Thread

SQL Thread

Replication

MySQL Database Replication Internals

MySQL Replication

Delivering Read Scalability

Used by leading web properties for scale-out

Reads are directed to slaves, writes to master

Delivers higher performance & scale with efficient

resource utilization

Clie

nts

Slaves Master

MySQL Replication

Copyright Oracle Corporation 2011 34

Writes & Reads Reads Reads

• Write to one master

• Read from many slaves, easily add more as needed

• Perfect for read/write intensive apps

Application

MySQL Replication

Load Balancer

MySQL Database Replication Enables Scalability

Application

MySQL Server

SE2 SE1

Storage Engines

Master

Binlog

Replication

MySQL Server

Application

Slave

Relay

Binlog

L R R A

SE2 SE1

Storage Engines

Logging/

Replication

Semi-Sync

Replicator

Relay Log/

Applier Semi-Sync

Receiver

Ack

Available as two separate loadable components

for the master and the slave

MySQL 5.5 Semisynchronous Replication

Copyright Oracle Corporation 2011 37

Semisynchronous replication

Improved resilience by having master wait for slave to

receive events.

Slave fsync tuning & Automatic relay log recovery

Tune fsyncs so corruption is less likely on slave crashes.

Let the slave recover from corrupted relay logs.

Replication Heartbeat

Have a more precise failure detection mechanism.

Avoid spurious relay log rotation when the master is idle.

Per server replication filtering

Instruct slave to discard events from a master with a

specific server id.

MySQL 5.6 Replication Features

Precise Slave Type Conversions

Use different types on master and slave and get automatic type

promotion and demotion when using RBR

Individual Log Flushing

Selectively flush server logs when using 'FLUSH

LOGS'

Safe logging of mixed transactions

Replicate transactions containing both InnoDB and

MyISAM changes

Multi Threaded and Crash Safe

MySQL 5.6 Replication Features

dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql

• Reach out to the community

– Irc on freenode

– Forums.mysql.com

– Local user groups

• Oracle Support

• Certifications

MySQL Support

How can I get help ?

• MySQL Database, Visual Development/Admin, Monitoring,

Backup tools, and Oracle Lifetime Support services

MySQL Enterprise Monitor

Performance Monitoring/ Alerts

Hot fixes

Service packs

MySQL Workbench

Oracle Lifetime Support

MySQL Enterprise Backup

MySQL Enterprise Edition

Query Analyzer

Dev/Admin, Monitoring/

Backup Tools

Oracle Lifetime

Support Services

• 24 X 7 Problem Resolution

Services

• Unlimited Support Incidents

• Knowledge Base

• Maintenance Releases, Bug

fixes, Patches, Updates

• MySQL Consultative Support

• Staffed by experienced,

seasoned MySQL Engineers

Oracle Premier Support for MySQL

• Oracle Golden Gate

• Bi-directional replication between MySQL and Oracle

• Exadata Data Stores – Enterprise DW, legacy apps,

etc.

• Hybrid Applications (MySQL frontend + Oracle data

store)

• Oracle Secure Backup

• MySQL Enterprise Backup 3.6 - supports backup

streaming to OSB via SBT API

MySQL Enterprise Certifications Oracle Products

Enables you to manage your Oracle and MySQL databases with Oracle tools/solutions you are already using.

• Oracle Listens

• Enterprise backup

• Enterprise Monitor

• Query Analyzer

• Workbench

• Proxy Server

• Memcache

• Windows development

MySQL

Tools of the trade ?

MySQL Server Feature Requests

- Online Backup is the #1 most requested feature for MySQL Users and Customers

MySQL Enterprise Backup

• Online Backup for InnoDB

• Full, Incremental, Partial Backups (scriptable interface)

• Compression

• Point in Time, Full, Partial Recovery options

• Metadata on status, progress, history

• Unlimited Database Size

• Cross-Platform

• Windows, Linux, Unix

• Certified with Oracle Secure Backup

MEB Backup Files

MySQL Database Files

mysqlbackup

Ensures quick, online backup and recovery of your MySQL apps.

A Virtual MySQL Tuning Assistant!

MySQL Enterprise Monitor • Global view of MySQL

environment

• Automated, rules-based monitoring and alerts (SMTP, SNMP enabled)

• Query capture, monitoring, analysis and tuning, correlated with Monitor graphs

• Visual monitoring of “hot” applications and servers

• Real-time Replication Monitor with auto-discovery of master-slave topologies

• Integrated with MySQL Support

MySQL Query Analyzer

• Centralized monitoring of queries

without Slow Query Log, SHOW

PROCESSLIST;

• Enabled via MySQL Connectors

• Aggregated view of query

execution counts, time, and rows

• Visual “grab and go” correlation

with Monitor graphs

• Traces query executions back to

source code

Saves you time parsing atomic executions from logs. Finds problems you cannot find yourself.

MySQL Workbench SE Database Design

• Visual Design, modeling

• Forward/Reverse Engineer

• Schema validation, Schema doc

SQL Development

• SQL Editor - Color Syntax

Highlighting

• Objects - Import/Export, Browse/Edit

• Connections - Wizard, SSH Tunnel

Database Administration

• Status, Configuration, Start/Stop

• Users, Security, Sessions

• Import/Export Dump Files

Scripting & Plug-in Support

UI Designed to match VS 2010

Saves you time developing and managing your MySQL apps.

MySQL Workbench - Plugins

• Community driven Plugins & Add-ons site

– Code in Python, share with the community

• Oracle Linux with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel

• Oracle VM

• Oracle VM Manager

• Oracle Cluster File System 2 (OCFS2)

• MySQL Database (Enterprise Edition)

• Pre-Installed & Pre-Configured

• Full Integration & QA Testing

• Single Point of Support**

Oracle VM Servers

Oracle VM Server Pool

ocfs2

Oracle VM

Manager

SAN / iSCSI

Secure Live

Migration (SSL)

Oracle VM Automatic Fault

Detection &

Recovery

MySQL Enterprise High Availability OVM Template for MySQL

Oracle VM

** Technical support for Oracle Linux and Oracle Virtual Machine requires

Unbreakable Linux Network subscription..

GA

New Stuff

Oracle Enterprise Manager for MySQL

•Collects over 500 metrics

•Requires Oracle Enterprise manager 12c release 4 or better

•Monitors Enterprise and Community MySQL

Oracle Audit Vault Support

Database Firewall Support

• Fast, simple access to InnoDB • Accessed via Memcached API

• Use existing Memcached clients

• Bypasses SQL transformations

• NotOnlySQL access • Memcached for key-value operations

• SQL for rich queries, JOINs, foreign

keys, etc.

• Implementation • Memcached daemon plug-in to mysqld

• Memcached protocol mapped to the

native InnoDB API

• Shared process space for ultra-low

latency

MySQL 5.6: Key-Value access to InnoDB NotOnlySQL: Memcached API

InnoDB Storage Engine

MySQL

Server

Memcached

plugin

Application

SQL (MySQL Client)

NoSQL (Memcached

Protocol) mysqld

Already use MySQL

Require read scalability

Require high performance

Don’t need durability or HA in caching

layer

Need massive/proven scaling capabilities

Want vendor-neutral solution

Don’t need transactions

Don’t mind “Warming” up cache after a

failure

Need a generic cache – not Java object

specific

Need Cloud friendly cache

MySQL 5.6: When to use memcache

InnoDB Storage Engine

MySQL

Server

Memcached

plugin

Application

SQL (MySQL Client)

NoSQL (Memcached

Protocol) mysqld

Significant Developer Adoption

Windows is the #1 development platform for MySQL

Making MySQL better on Windows

MySQL on Windows The Right Choice

Performance & Scalability

Improved on Windows

MySQL 5.5 Benchmarks

Lower TCO

More Affordable

Easier to Administer

Ease of Use

MySQL Workbench

New Connector/NET 6.3

Cross-platform

20+ Platforms

No Lock-in

MySQL on Windows The Right Choice

Where to use MySQL?

Where not to use MySQL?

Yes

Data size:

Small to Facebook

Speed:

doesn’t matter to blazing

HA

Ease

Cost

Ubiquity

No

Not a drop in replacement for

12 or earlier or RAC

May not have all the features

you know and love from

Oracle 12 (such as)

Things Oracle DBAs will miss

No Materialized views

Authentication Primitive

No GRID control

Nothing analogous to RAC

PL/SQL

JOINs per query limited to 61

Execution plans cached per

connection not globally

Different storage engines

behave differently, I.E.

COUNT()

See Xaprb.com's 50 things

to know before migrating

Oracle to MySQL*

* (A little dated)

Changes In Prases

Oracle Instances =

MySQL Databases

V$ =

Performance_Schema,

Information_Schema &

Sys_schema

Oracle Databases =

MySQL Schemas

Additional Resources mysql.com

• Download MySQL 5.5, MySQL Cluster 7.1 GA, GPL Products

• MySQL Products, Editions, Licensing Options

• TCO calculator

• Upcoming Events

• Customer use cases and success stories

dev.mysql.com

• Download MySQL 5.6 DMR and Labs “early access” features

• Developer Zone Articles, How to’s

eDelivery.com

• Download and evaluate all MySQL products

Additional Resources Planet.mysql.com

• Blog feeds from the experts and the community

Books:

• MySQL by Paul DuBois

• MySQL Administrator's Bible by Sheeri Cabral

• High Performance MySQL: Optimization, Backups, Replication,

and More (next edition in the works)

forums.mysql.com

• Community interaction

Preview of coming attractions – not for production

• Labs.MySQL.Com

Joining the ‘MySQL Gang’

1. Download MySQL & use

2. Local User Groups (MySQL, LAMP, IOUG …)

1. See me if you want to start one!

3. Read http://Planet.MySQL.Com

4. Certifications

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Thanks for attending!

Dave Stokes David.Stokes@Oracle.com

@stoker slideshare.net/davestokes