Abstract The main purpose of the construction of liquid

filling system is to be used in the liquid filling factories. There

are two main parts in this liquid filling machine. They are

user command window and control circuit for filling process.

The user command window is constructed by visual basic

programming and used C language for program. The PIC

16F877A is applied for the control circuit and Mikro-C

programming software is used for operation. The liquid

filling machine is operated only filling and counting process.

The liquid filling machine is the combination of the electronic

components and mechanical design. The control circuit

controls the pump, conveyor and sensors. IR sensor is used to

know the position of the cup in this system.

Keywords — IR Sensor, PC, PIC, VB and Brushed dc motor.

I. INTRODUCTION

Liquid filling machine is a machine to do with filling,

covering and packing for the various cups. Nowadays

many countries in the world are produced various kinds of

liquid filling machine. It has many kinds of motors,

sensors, pipes and PIC control devices. Liquid filling

machines are widely used in factories of liquid purified

juice. According to use this machine, the consumer can get

following advantages-

Saving the labors cost

Producing commercial products

Systematically produce packages

Saving time

The liquid filling machines are with bottle rinsing,

filling and capping for drinking liquid (non-carbonated)

filling. Firstly, the machine is assembled in factory which

wants to use. After assembling the machine, users may

choose what users want to use (liquid bottles or cups).

Then, machine \

may perform automatically. Liquid filling machine

transports cups or bottle that choose from users to part of

filling liquid which is the main part of machine with using

rollers. It will stop the place which users specify to fill the

liquid. Filler is driven through gears inside the machine

frame.

The main component of this machine is the sensors.

User need to use the sensors to perform exactly filling

liquid and covering. There are so many sensors in the

marketing. Among IR sensor, Photo sensor, Weight sensor,

we may choose to use the befitting sensors. The whole

system of the machine will calculate using control

technology. According by calculating, technical assemble

the motors and sensors. Mechanical technical supports by

calculating design. It is the useful machines in many

factories.

II. PROCEDURE OF THE SYSTEM

The overall block diagram of the system procedure is

shown in Fig. 1. In this system mainly consists of IR

sensors, PIC microcontroller and DC motor, PC, Max 232

serial interface. IR sensor will sense the present of the

filling object at the precision point. If the object reaches to

the filling position, the motor will automatically stop and

filling system will start.

Figure.1.Block Diagram of the System

FUNCTION AND TECHNOLOGY FOR FILLING SYSTEM

Aung Myint Myat1, Wai Phyo Ei2

1ME Candidate, Student of Mandalay Technological University, ag.myintmyat.14@gmail.com2Lecturer, Mechatronic Engineering Department, waiphyomc@gmil.comMandalay Technological University, Mandalay, The Union of Myanmar

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After filling process, the motor will automatically

operate and the conveyor will also operate. The required

amount of liquid is chosen via PC. The control system of

the process is controlled by using PIC16F877A

microcontroller.

III. TESTING

Microcontroller is main processing unit in Liquid filling

system. PIC 16F877A is chosen to perform the functions

needed for external connection and through interfacing

system to the PC.

Figure.2. Liquid Filling Machine Circuit

In the sensing system, the system set the PWM for IR

LED when the process is powered. IR LED checks the

position of the empty cup. If the IR sensor received the

signal, send the data to the PIC 16F877A for the arriving of

the cup or bottle. And then the filling system is started. If

require amount of filling process is finished, filling process

is stopped. Conveyor will run until the next signal is

received repeat action.

IV. HARDWARE COMPONENT OF THE SYSTEM

A Liquid filling system is built by combining PIC

microcontroller, IR transmitter/IR receiver pair and

brushed dc motor, pump and MAX 232.

A. SENSING UNIT FOR THIS SYSTEM

The sensing unit for liquid filling system contains the IR

Sensor which only sense for position of the cup. The power

supply voltage of the IR sensor is DC+5V. The output data

of the IR sensor is classified into two states. The output

voltage of the IR Sensor is ‘0V’ when the IR sensor

receives the IR ray (36 kHz). When the IR ray (36 kHz) is

lost, the output voltage of IR sensor is ‘5V’. The logical

data for ‘0V’ is ‘0’ and the logical data for ‘5V’ is ‘1’.

These logical data are sending to controller PIC16F877A

and then the controller drive the pump and start the filling

process.

Figure.3. IR Sensor with PIC16F877A

IR Sensor configuration

Supply Voltage is 3-5 volts

The output from this sensor is TTL compatible.

Output pin is always Active LOW (If signal, it

will LOW. If not, HIGH )

There are only 3 pins in this type of IC. Configuration is

simple. One Pin is Ground, next is supply and last pin is

output.

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Figure.4. IR Sensor Sensitivity Diagram

B. PIC16F877A MICROCONTROLLER

In the system, we used the PIC 16F877A for the control

of the filling system. PIC16F877A devices are available in

40-pin packages. The PIC16F877A devices have a 13-bit

program counter capable of addressing an 8K word x 14 bit

program memory space. The PIC16F877A devices have

8K words x 14 bits of Flash program memory. The Special

Function Registers are registers used by the CPU and

peripheral modules for controlling the desired operation of

the device. These registers are implemented as static RAM.

The data EEPROM and Flash program memory is readable

and writable during normal operation (over the full VDD

range). This memory is not directly mapped in the register

file space.

Figure.5. Input And Output Configuration Of PIC

C. MAX-232

The Max-232 IC is used for the communication between

the PC and control-unit of the system. This IC can convert

the voltage level of the controller to the level of the PC

input and vice-visa. It uses the five 0.1µf capacitors and

operation like charge pump to reach required level of data

voltage.

Figure.6. Interfacing of MAX 232 with RS-232

D. THE PUMP USED IN THIS SYSTEM

Centrifugal pump of the system is used for the filling

process of the system. The operation voltage of the pump

is AC 220V. So the one line of the power cable is

connected to the line pin and another line is connected to

the relay circuit. Because the controller is controlled the

flow rate of liquid from the pump. The controller is

controlled the relay by switching the transistor to step by

step.

Figure.7. The Centrifugal Pump Of The System

V. SOFTWARE CONSIDERATION OF THE SYSTEM

Microcontroller is main processing unit in Liquid Filling

Control system. PIC 16F877A is chosen to perform the

functions needed for all of filling process.

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Figure.8. Program Flow Chart of Liquid Filling System

In the system flow chart of the filling machine, the

controller initializes the system when the switch is on. And

the system checks the USART data to drive the conveyor

and assign the liquid level of cup. If the IR sensor receives

the signal from cup, the controller will send the sensor data

to PC and drive the pump in desired liquid level. If the

filling process is finish, the conveyor drive for 2 second

and all process are restart.

In this condition, if the IR sensor receives the signal, the

pump will turn on to fill the cup and wait for another signal

and the conveyor will turn again. This system must be

operated the looping under the received signal from the IR

sensors.

MikroC is a powerful, feature rich development tool for

PICmicros. It is designed to provide the customer with the

easiest possible solution for developing applications for

embedded systems, without compromising performance or

control.PIC and C fit together well:

Figure.9. Compiling the Program For Control The

Filling Process Of Liquid Filling System

VI. RESULT OF THE SYSTEM

In this system, user used PIC microcontroller and

transistor to relay as switch for each motors. The other

function of the system is the PWM function for IR led. The

Virtual window box is show the communication data

between the PC and the PIC controller. And the following

result showed the sequence of the liquid filling machine.

Figure.10 The Result of the Liquid Filling System

VII. SUMMARY

The hardware design and software feature of the micro-

controller based controlled system of filling machine is

described. The necessary software is developing in mikro-

C for chip. This machine is very suitable for the fill of

drinking liquid factory. The filling control unit is

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composed of micro-controller and Max-232 for transferring

data to personal computer for procedure processing and IR

capturing process with low power consumption. They are

reliable part when compare to other.

VIII. REFERENCES

1. GOTTLIEB, I.M. (1994). ELECTRIC MOTORS & CONTROL TECHNIQUES (2ND ED.). TAB BOOKS

2. LANDER, CYRIL W. (1993). "8 D.C. MACHINE CONTROL". POWER ELECTRONICS (3RD ED.). LONDON: MC GRAW HILL INTERNATIONAL UK. ISBN 0-07-707714-8

3. MALCOLM BARNES. PRACTICAL VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES AND POWER ELECTRONICS.(HTTP://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM ELSEVIER, NEWNES, 2003. PAGE 151

4. J. LEWIS BLACKBURN. PROTECTIVE RELAYING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS. HTTP://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM

5. OHIO ELECTRIC MOTORS. DC MOTOR PROTECTION. OHIO ELECTRIC MOTORS. 2011. ARCHIVED (15 NOVEMBER 2011 AT WEBCITE.

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