Mycotoxins – A Challenge to Trade and Commerce
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Mycotoxins – A Challenge to Trade and Commerce Suzanne Heinen Administrator Foreign Agricultural Service U.S. Department of Agriculture February 14, 2013
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Mycotoxins – A Challenge to Trade and Commerce. Suzanne Heinen Administrator Foreign Agricultural Service U.S. Department of Agriculture February 14, 2013. Aflatoxin: Impacts Food and Feed. Poultry fed with Contaminated Feed ( >500 PPB). Pig on the right is consuming feed with aflatoxin. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Mycotoxins – A Challenge to Trade and Commerce
Mycotoxins – A Challenge to Trade and Commerce
Suzanne HeinenAdministratorForeign Agricultural ServiceU.S. Department of Agriculture
February 14, 2013
Aflatoxin: Impacts Food and Feed
Poultry fed with Contaminated Feed ( >500 PPB)
Pig on the right is consuming feed with aflatoxin.
35ºN
35ºS
Climate Change
Aflatoxin Contamination: A Perennial Concern in Warm Climates
Regulating AflatoxinAction Level Commodity Permitted Use (Examples)
300 ppb Cottonseed meal Beef cattle, swine, poultry (regardless of age or breeding status)
300 ppb Corn, Peanut Products Finishing beef cattle (e.g., feedlot)
200 ppb Corn, Peanut Products Finishing Swine (100 lbs or more)
100 ppb Corn, Peanut Products Breeding beef cattle, breeding swine, mature poultry
20 ppbCorn, Peanut Products, Other Animal Feed/Feed Ingredients1
Immature animals, dairy animals
0.5 ppb (M1)
Milk
1Excluding cottonseed meal except for use in feeding dairy animals
20 ppb Corn, Peanut Products Human food
2009 2010 2011 201205
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EU Rejections of US Almonds
Aflatoxin and US Trade
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46
23
33
Mycotoxins and Turkish Trade
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
20
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60
80
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120
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Turkish Nuts, Nut Products, and SeedsNumber of EU Rapid Alerts
Specific Incidents of Aflatoxin Contamination in West AfricaPRIMARY PRODUCTS• Maize: 4,000 – Benin• Peanut: 925 – Burkina• Sorghum: 80 – Ghana• Rice: 372 – Nigeria• Millet: 200 – Nigeria• Tiger nuts: 120 – Nigeria
FOOD PRODUCTS• Peanut paste: 3,278 – Ghana• Peanut sauce: 943 – Ghana• Leaf sauce: 775 – Gambia• Maize dough: 313 – Ghana• Kenkey: 524 – Ghana• Cashew paste: 366 – Ghana• Peanut oil: 500 – Nigeria• Yam flour: 7,600 –
Nigeria• Local beer: 135 – Nigeria
LEVELS SHOWN IN PPB
CODEX: 10-15 PPB FOR HUMAN FOOD
USES OTHER THAN MILK
African Trade
World Bank; Mbaye (2004)
Groundnut Pyramids in Nigeria during 1960s
Toward Improved Trade
Standards Farmer awareness Organized commodity markets Sampling & testing regime Laboratory system Participation in international
standards organizations
Strong industry organization
Transparent & scientific regulatory system
Thank You
