Mycobacterium Mycobacterium TuberculosisTuberculosis

Amber GarzaAmber Garza

Kaylee StroudKaylee Stroud

Jennifer SanchezJennifer Sanchez

PatientPatient

Viper Jackson is an inmate in a New York Viper Jackson is an inmate in a New York prison. He had complained of a dry, prison. He had complained of a dry, persistent cough and saw the doctor persistent cough and saw the doctor where a culture was taken. Later the lab where a culture was taken. Later the lab reported the presence of acid fast reported the presence of acid fast bacteria. The culture was sent out and the bacteria. The culture was sent out and the identification came back Mycobacterium identification came back Mycobacterium tuberculosis with resistance to rifampin tuberculosis with resistance to rifampin and INHand INH

M. Tuberculosis is M. Tuberculosis is known as Multi Drug known as Multi Drug Resistant Tb (MDR-Resistant Tb (MDR-Tb).Tb).

Specific TermSpecific Term

CharacteristicsCharacteristics Cell wall composed of mycolic acid, a waxy lipid Cell wall composed of mycolic acid, a waxy lipid

made of 60-90 carbon atomsmade of 60-90 carbon atoms Capable of Intracellular growthCapable of Intracellular growth Are protected from lysis once they are Are protected from lysis once they are

phagocytizedphagocytized May remain dormant for decades inside May remain dormant for decades inside

macrophages and in the centers of tubercles.macrophages and in the centers of tubercles. Acid-fast Gram Positive BacilliAcid-fast Gram Positive Bacilli Has slow growth, divides in hours to daysHas slow growth, divides in hours to days

Characteristics ContinuedCharacteristics ContinuedHydrophobic Hydrophobic Can live up to 8 months without a hostCan live up to 8 months without a host Infects respiratory tract via inhalation of Infects respiratory tract via inhalation of

respiratory dropletsrespiratory dropletsDroplets are about 5 um in diameter. Droplets are about 5 um in diameter.

Minimum infectious dose is about 10 cells.Minimum infectious dose is about 10 cells.Obligate aerobesObligate aerobes

ResistanceResistance

The resistance to Rifampin is a result of The resistance to Rifampin is a result of chromosomal mutation that alters binding chromosomal mutation that alters binding site on enzyme (Bauman 305).site on enzyme (Bauman 305).

INH (Isonicotinic acid hydrazide) INH (Isonicotinic acid hydrazide) resistance is due to random mutations of resistance is due to random mutations of bacterial chromosomes that result in bacterial chromosomes that result in reduced drug uptake or alteration of target reduced drug uptake or alteration of target sites (Bauman 307).sites (Bauman 307).

DNA Exchange DNA Exchange Image found @Image found @

www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/11_00/TB.www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/11_00/TB. Courtesy The Rockefeller Courtesy The Rockefeller

University University

M. Tuberculosis exchanges DNA by forms of M. Tuberculosis exchanges DNA by forms of Transformation. They replicate freely within Transformation. They replicate freely within macrophages slowly killing them.macrophages slowly killing them.

                              

M. tuberculosis in mouse macrophages. Courtesy Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University

Courtesy The Rockefeller University

TreatmentTreatment

Combination of antibiotic therapy Combination of antibiotic therapy consisting of strepmycin, ethambutol, consisting of strepmycin, ethambutol, and/or pyrazinamide.and/or pyrazinamide.

If successful, treatment may take as long If successful, treatment may take as long as two years.as two years.

Dots (directly observe therapy)Dots (directly observe therapy)The New York outbreak of 1990 cost over The New York outbreak of 1990 cost over

$1 billion to quell.$1 billion to quell.

PrognosisPrognosis

80% mortality rate80% mortality rateMost likely to die from Lung DiseaseMost likely to die from Lung Disease If HIV positive patient will die soonerIf HIV positive patient will die soonerWill die from infection of all other organs Will die from infection of all other organs

once M. Tuberculosis spreadsonce M. Tuberculosis spreads

PrecautionsPrecautions

Use personal protective gearUse personal protective gearQuarantineQuarantineMonitor treatment and visit doctor Monitor treatment and visit doctor

frequentlyfrequently