Protista Review KEY

Animal-like1. Protista is from the Greek word that means First2. What are 3 methods of motility in protists? Pseudopods, Cilia, Flagella3. What is the endosymbiont hypothesis? A theory stating that eukaryotes evolved through a process whereby different types of free-living prokaryotes became incorporated inside larger prokaryotic cells and eventually developed into mitochondria, chloroplasts, and possibly other organelles4. What is the name for animal-like protists? Protozoans5. What does ciliophora use for movement? Cilia6. What is an example of a ciliate? Paramecium7. What are trichocycts? Structure in paramecium that aid with structure8. What is a gullet? Where water and food is swept into; Food/bacteria is forced into cavities called food vacuoles9. What do zoomastigina use for movement? Flagella 10. What are two examples of zooflagellates? Trypanosome, Trichonympha11. What do sporozoa use for movement? They are non-motile12. What is an example of sporozoa? Plasmodium13. What protist produces African Sleeping Sickness? Trypanosome14. What protist produces malaria? Plasmodium 15. What protist is found in the digestive systems of termites? Trichonympha16. How do sarcodines move? Pseudopods17. What is an example of a sarcodine? Amoeba 18. How do amoebas capture and digest food? Captures and eats particles of food and other cells by phagocytosis (engulfing their prey with their pseudopods)

19. Label the paramecium:

Plant-like1. What are accessory pigments? light-absorbing compounds found in photosynthetic organisms2. What does euglena have that help it find the brightest areas? Red eye spot3. What is a pellicle? Part of the euglena’s membrane that makes it tough and intricate 4. What type of protists are luminescent and produce red tides? Dinoflagellates5. Explain what each structure does in algae: holdfasts, stipes, blades, bladder.

• Anchoring devices = holdfasts• Flexible stems = Stipes• Maximize their exposure to light = blades• Store gases for buoyancy = bladder

6. What group of plant-like protists do dinoflagellates belong to? Pyrrophyta7. What group of plant-like protists do green algae belong to? Chlorophyta8. What group of plant-like protists do brown algae belong to? Phaeophyta9. What group of plant-like protists do golden-brown belong to? Chrysophyta10. What group of plant-like protists do red algae belong to? Rhodophyta11. What are 4 types of green-algae? Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Spirogyra, Ulva12.What type of algae includes seaweeds and kelps? Phaeophyta13. What is alternation of generations? Switch back and forth between haploid and diploid. What type of algae can do this? chlorophyta14. What type of algae produces algin? Phaeophyta15. What type of algae can live in deep water because of their phycobilin pigment? Rhodophyta16. What colour of light does phycobilin absorb? Blue17. What type of protists have silica in their cell walls? Diatoms

Oral groove Gullet

Anal pore

CiliaMacronucleusMicronucleus

Contractile Vacuole

Trichocyst

18. What type of algae contain pectin in their cell walls and store food in the form of oil? Chrysophyta

19. Label the picture of Euglena

20. The freshwater algae spirogyra forms long threadlike colonies called Filaments

Fungus-like1. What type of slime molds do acrasiomycota include? Cellular Slime Molds2. What type of slime molds do myxomycota include? Acellular Slime Molds3. What type of slime molds do oomycota include? Water Molds4. What is plasmodia in myxomycota? Thousands of nuclei enclosed in a single cell membrane5. What protist is responsible for the great potato famine? Phytophthora infestans What group of protists does it belong to? oomycota6. What do acrasiomycota do when food supply is down? amoeboid cells gather together to produce a large mass of cells that begins to function as one organism 7. What is a fruiting body? Reproductive structure that produces spores8. What do myxomycota do when food supply is poor? Fruiting bodies (Sporangia) spring up from the plasmodium when feeding opportunities become poor9. What are hyphae? Body mass of thin strands in oomycota10. What is zoosporangia? Spore cases11. What are some harmful relationships that protists have with organsims? • Malaria (through mosquitos)• African Sleeping Sickness (through the tsetse fly)

Flagella Contractile VacuoleRed Eye

SpotNucleus

Chloroplast

• Amebic dysentery (severe diarrhea)• Algal blooms (red tide)• Mildews and blights of crops

• Grapes, tomatoes, potatoes

12. What are some beneficial relationships that protists have with organisms?• Digestive tracts of termites• Serve as a food for larger animals/Base of the food chain• Make up phytoplankton

• Photosynthetic organisms near the surface of the ocean• Half of photosynthesis is carried out by phytoplankton

• Food source • Nori, ice cream, salad dressing, pudding, syrups, eggnog

• Chemicals for treatment • Stomach ulcers, high blood pressure, arthritis

• Industries • Plastics, waxes, deodorant, paint, agar

• Recycle organic material• Provides plants with nutrient-rich topsoil

Identify the following protists:

Paramecium

Amoeba

Euglena

Volvox

Diatoms

Dinoflagellate