Cells My Visual Diary

By Serena Unmack

What is the difference between Animal, Plant and Fungal cells?

Animal Cells•Animal Cells don’t have a cell wall.•Animal cells don’t make their own food, they gain nutrients from things we eat. •Animal Cells have the same organelles as fungal cells.

Plant Cells•Plant cells make their own food using photosynthesis and the sun.•Plant cells have a cell wall.•Plant cells have more parts than animal cells.

Fungal Cells•Fungal Cells have the same organelles as animal cells.•Fungal Cells have a cell wall like plant cells.•Fungal cells do not have chloroplasts, which make photosynthesis, they get food from whatever they are growing on.

Organelles

• Nucleus (control Centre of the cell)•Nucleolus (found inside the Nucleus, is involved in protein synthesis) • Cell wall (Plant and Fungi only) (helps keep the cells rigid)•Cell Membrane (protects the cell) •Chloroplasts (Plants Only) (where photosynthesis is made using energy from the sun)•Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth and rough) (helps things travel)•Vacuole (stores water, waste and food)•Chromosomes (genetic material found in the nucleus)•Lysosome’s (like a garbage removal unit that gets rid of unwanted matter from the cell)•Mitochondria (where the energy for the cell is made)•Golgi Apparatus (packages protein)•Ribosome's (create proteins for growth and repair of the cell)

How do cells reproduce?

There are 5 phases to the asexual of a cell. This is called Mitosis, They are Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. When a cells reproduces asexually, they do so without intercourse. The cell makes a copy of itself. Some cells split themselves in two to do this. The result is a daughter cell. The daughter cell is identical to the parent.

Not all cells reproduce in the same way. Some reproduce sexually and others, asexually.

Other cells reproduce sexually. This is called Meiosis.The process is different when reproduction is done sexually. There is a female cells and a male cell. The cells of higher plants or animals have two sets of chromosomes (they are called diploids). When gametes or sex cells are produced they only have on set of chromosomes (they are called haploids). During fertilisation, two cells merge into one and therefore restores the diploid state.

The process of asexually reproduction.

Vegetable/Plant Cells

Banana

Water Bubbles

Banana Cells 100x

Banana Cells 400x

Rhubarb

Rhubarb cells 100x

Cell Walls

Banana Cells 400x

Cell Walls

Onion

Onion Cells 100x

Cell Walls

Cell Walls

Onion Cells 400x

Fungi CellsAdjective: Any of a diverse group of eukaryotic single celled or

multinucleate organisms that live by decomposing

and absorbing the organic material in which  they grow, comprising the mushrooms, moulds, mildews,

smuts, rusts, and yeasts, and classified in the

kingdom Fungi or, in some classification systems, In the division Fungi  (Thallophyta) of the kingdom Plantae.

Lycoperdon perlatum - Puff Ball

Puff Ball cells 40x

Puff Ball cells 100x

Rhizopus Nigricans Conjugation

Rhizopus Nigricans is one of the most common fungi’s in the world. It is the bread mould fungus.

Rhizopus Nigricans Conjugation 100xRhizopus

Nigricans Conjugation 40x

Rhizopus zygospores

Rhizopus zygospores 100x

Other Parts/Types of

the Cell

Conducting Cell

Conducting cells are long tubes like pipes. Conducting cells transport water from where it is collected in the roots of the plant to where it is needed in the leaves so photosynthesis can take place.

Guard Cell

Guard cells work in pairs, opening and closing like little pores. Gases which are needed for the plant enter through these Guard cells and unwanted gases exit through the Guard cells.

Chloroplasts– Photosynthesis

Chloroplasts are found on near the surface of green leaves and stems of plant. Chloroplasts trap the suns energy and turn it into food for the plant. This process is called photosynthesis.

Unicellular OrganismsDefinition – Adjective: Having

or consisting of one single cell

Paramecium

Paramecium 40x

Paramecium 40x (this photo has lots of water bubbles)

Paramecium can move, eat and reproduce. Paramecium live in water filled environments, usually warm, stagnant water. They are capable of both sexually and asexual reproduction.

Euglena

Euglena 100x

Euglena 100x

Euglena 100x

Euglena have chloroplasts and use photosynthesis but they can also absorb food from their environment. Scientist have been debating for years weather they are a plant or an animal cell, so right now they are neither. They are classified as Protists. They usually live in quiet ponds or puddles.

• http://turfmutt.discoveryeducation.com/lesson-three.cfm• http://www.backyardnature.net/fungconj.htm• http://www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0030840.html• http://www.sciencefilm.de/detail.php?id=214838&rubrik=%&lang=en&q=&qrubrik=• http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/jcarmich/101lab/lab2/lab2.html• http://101science.com/paramecium.htm• http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/euglena_color.html• http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/euglena.htm• http://www.quia.com/jg/2744list.html• http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/asexual_sexual_reproduction.htm• http://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/meiosis.htm• http://www.dartmouth.edu/~cbbc/courses/bio4/bio4-lectures/theCell.html#meiosi

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Bibliographies