My Vision For Grain Quality And Structure Research And Biographical Sketch
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My Vision For Grain Quality And Structure Research And
Biographical Sketch
Sumana Chakrabarti Bell, Ph.DPresented at USDA, Manhattan, 1/10/08
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Outline
• Sumana’s Biographical Sketch• Grain Quality Research – Background• Vision • Strategies • Managing Change• Management philosophy• Summary
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Who is Sumana?Heritage & Family
• Native of Calcutta, India• Early schooling in small town in India
• One husband (pharmacist), two cats04/22/23 3
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Education and Career• Ph.D., Polymer Physical Chemistry, University of
Minnesota, USA• M.Sc., Physical Chemistry, Calcutta, India
• Program leader, Fracture Fluid Rheology (British Petroleum in UK, Schlumberger in USA, France)
• Program leader, food and dough rheology (Kraft, Chicago and General Mills, Minneapolis)
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Prior Research • Ph.D: Gelation of rigid rod polymers by spinodal decomposition of phase separation
• Strength of physical gels = f (mechanism of gel formation)
• Oil-field: Rheology control of fracture fluids
• Fluids carry proppant• Create filter cake to prevent fluid leak-off• Lose viscosity at the end• Clean break-up
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Key Take Away: Oil-Field Research “ Flow affects cross-link density of chemical gels”
In Waring blender, brittle gel In porous media, ropy fluid
Insights applied in developing continuous processing of yogurt
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Prior Research
• Defining “performance” using mechanics• Converting learnings into practice• Relating performance to structure – composition
Food & Dough: “Converting Art To Science”
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Key Take Way “Plasticity is Key”
• Dough changes with deformation• The rate of change determines end-use quality
Undermixed
Optimal
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Grain QualityChallenges to The US Farmers
“ In farming, everybody makes money except the farmer”
…….… Michael Pollen, The Omnivore’s Dilemma
• Excessive emphasis on processed foods and industrialization have decimated self-sustaining farms
• Soil quality threatened from excessive farming
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Grain QualityChallenges to The US Farmers
• US is the largest exporter of wheat• Faces competition from abroad (Canada, Australia)• Competition claims superior consistency & quality
• Effects of global warming on yield and quality are un-certain
• Consumers want more value in foods (convenience, health, nutrition)
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Grain Quality Opportunities
• Globalization = localization• More markets open to farmers
– Energy producers , Pharmaceuticals• Demand for whole grain products is on the rise• Market wants new products (health additives, processing
aids, shelf-life quality aids) • Tremendous advances in technology that could be used
to facilitate grain quality inspection
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Grain QualityChallenges to Innovation
Yield Grain healthMilling qualityProtein quantity X Protein quality X End-use quality
Need to have the know-how to relate all quality attributes with structure and composition for faster success
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Vision for Grain Quality Research
“ We want to empower USDA and thus, US farmers, with options for attaining sustainable competitive advantages, by adding value to existing applications , by leading innovations and by growing and supplying grains that are differentiated from competition on the basis of superior functionality and quality, in the current climate of global competition ”
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Strategies• Develop a center of excellence in grain quality analysis
that’s effective in developing new technologies and in implementing current strategies of USDA
• Transfer research results into production and commercially usable strategies for U.S. farmers to serve the food and non-food sectors of pharmaceuticals and energy
• Introduce educational programs for the customers and participants – technical and non-technical audiences04/22/23 14
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Center of Excellence in Grain Quality
“ Disappointing progress in dough rheology, (handicaps research impact on agronomy)” ….. Don Kasarda (USDA), Gluten Workshop, 2006
• Follow Ed Bagley’s footsteps and make USDA again the leader in fundamentals of grain processing
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Center of Excellence in Grain Quality• Build a state-of- the- art laboratory that’s capable of
utilizing structure – end-use performance of grains to add value to grain production
• Predictive methodology for processing operations• Instrumentation to test the physics as well as the
chemistry• Capability for small scale simulation of novel
processes to test research hypotheses
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Center of Excellence in Grain Quality Make structure – material science impactful
• Add “processability and consistent performance” to the list of quality attributes
• Explore the non-linear relationships in converting grains to products and develop novel products and processes
• Develop predictive technologies to assess quality – for farmers, for processors and for crop-breeders
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Center of ExcellenceInnovate• Develop value added grains (wheat, sorghum, rice) and
additives– Easy milling wheat without compromising end-use quality– Processing aids– Sorghum flour for bread-making?– Pharmaceuticals , Oil-field chemicals, Bio-degradable plastics
• Develop easy to use tools and methods to monitor “quality”
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Center of Excellence in Grain Quality Innovate • Collaborate with DOE funded bio-fuel research centers to
utilize external R&D facilities and expertise – Develop more efficient processes and materials for
generation of bio-fuels– Enzo-rheology is critical to rate of production of
Ethanol
• Collaborate with pharmaceutical R&D organizations to develop novel applications of grain-based materials– Hydrogels?
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Implementation Of Research Into Practice
• Collaborate with industries and USDA partners from the start to ensure “buy-in” from customers
• Patent technology as and when appropriate• Build credibility
– Publish– Hold training classes – Consult for industries
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Managing ChangeCurrent Research Environment• Distrust for fundamental research• Lack of funding • Shifts in “business priorities”
• More focus on shorter term research by industry
Sign of Hope“Break-through technologies” are in demand
US industries are not doing it!
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Managing ChangeSpecial Challenges To Grain Scientists • Industrialized food production systems demand
linearized processes– consistency, predictability, interchangeability and economies
of scale
• But, agronomy is not linear • Grain based products (wheat flour dough, in particular)
are also non-linear in behavior• Manage non-linear materials for “linear” expectations
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Managing ChangeThings to do• Encourage scientist to develop collaborative programs
with food and bio-fuel industries• Seek corporate funding• Undertake shorter term research • Maintain USDA tradition and initiate “change”• Have small successes --- frequently
Collaborate, collaborate, collaborate
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Management Philosophy
“Tell me and I'll forget; show me and I may remember; involve me and I'll understand.”
…………..Chinese proverb
• Filament stretching device• ALE training course
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Management Principles• Lead by vision and empowerment• Team-work: always value and incorporate team-
inputs—preserve the best• Focus on objectives and encourage individuals to
realize their full potential• Grow effective scientists and engineers• Be challenged • Celebrate success and have fun
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What Can I Bring To This Center• Industrial leadership and practical management
philosophies• Practical, industrial knowledge with American and
European corporate experience• Building teams across the nation among corporations,
academia, and government• Multi-disciplinary and multinational approaches to
solve scientific challenges• Proven consultancy-based contacts with major
industries• Unique knowledge from food rheology research
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The Ultimate Vision
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The Ultimate Vision
Put a Smile on their faces
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?