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RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Implementation of PBS (SBA) in Malaysian ESL Classroom:Exploring the Effects on Lower Seconary School St!ents" Achie#ement

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IMPLEMENTATION OF PBS (SBA) IN MALAYSIAN ESL CLASSROOM:

EXPLORING THE EFFECTS ON LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

ACHIEVEMENT

Nur Hanan Mn!a"

MRSM #ua$a #$a%an&' $*u' N&r S+*$an

!anan+n!a",&+a$-./+

ABSTRACT

This study will investigate the effects of PBS on MRSM Kuala Klawang, Form 3, 2!" students

overall achievement in the #nglish $anguage su%&ect' This %atch is the first %atch of students

who have undergone PBS full swing %eginning 2!! when they were in their Form ! and they


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will %e in the Form 3 ne(t year' They will also %e the first %atch sitting for the first PBSMR

e(am, the revam)ed version of the old PMR e(am, ne(t year' This study also attem)ts to loo* at

the im)lementation of PBS in the #nglish $anguage classrooms in MRSM Kuala Klawang

through the views of the students and also their #nglish teachers' Students with a range of

a%ilities will %e chosen to see if they have different )erce)tions on PBS in the #S$ classrooms

and how PBS eventually effected their achievements in the su%&ect' This study also attem)ts to

loo* at %oth students+ and teachers+ views on PBS in #nglish $anguage classrooms in order to

see if there is any mismatch %etween their e()ectations of the PBS in school' o)efully, with a

%etter understanding of students+ needs and interests, teachers can do something to hel) students

to )erform %etter in the su%&ect' -t is also ho)ed that this study can give information to teachers

into running PBS for the #nglish $anguage su%&ect effectively'

C!a01r 2

INTRODUCTION

2-3 In1r/4u.1/n 1/ Pn1a56ran Bra6a65an S5/$a! (PBS) 7 SBA

The aim of education in Malaysia has always %een to )roduce holistic individuals and

e(aminations have %een used as tools to measure students+ achievement ./esamalar, Saratha and

Soo 0hoon, 21 in isamuddin and Rohaya, 2!3' 4PSR, PMR and SPM are the main

national e(ams in our country used to assess students' owever, Malaysian education system has

long %een la%elled as %eing too e(am oriented des)ite its gallant o%&ective in )roducing holistic

individuals' Teachers were said to %e too engaged in )roducing students with good grades in

e(aminations rather than )roviding meaningful feed%ac* through assessment .Bhasah %u

Ba*ar, 23'

Therefore, in order to overcome this, the M5# .Ministry of #ducation has made a swift

move to revam) the e(isting assessment system to PBS, a more dynamic and holistic form of

assessment which integrate %oth summative and formative assessments for a su%&ect unli*e the

)revious summative assessment system 6which only tested students on what they have learned in

a certain )eriod of time7 .isamuddin and Rohaya, 2!3' s mentioned %y Blac* and 8iliam


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.!99: in their %oo*, governments all over the world have %een more and more enthusiastic in

ma*ing necessary changes to their country+s educational system and ma*ing this aim an

im)ortant national )riority in order to elevate the standards of learning that can %e achieved

through schooling'

This shift is ho)ed to increase the ;uality of teaching and learning )rocess in schools

es)ecially in the #nglish $anguage classrooms' The Schoolear ! )rimary school students and in 2!2 for the Form 5ne secondary school

students' #(tensive researchers have %een made on the hows, whys, concerns and readiness of

teachers and students %efore the im)lementation of PBS in schools %ut very little on the im)acts

or issues )ertaining to its im)lementation so far es)ecially on its effects on students achievement'

Thus, this e()loratory study will focus on the effects of PBS on students+ achievement,

)articularly in the #nglish $anguage su%&ect since its official im)lementation in 2!! .for

secondary schools' This study will also investigate the teachers and students )ers)ectives on

PBS im)lementation in #S$ classrooms' -t is im)erative to fathom how this change in

assessment )ractices and )rocedures have im)roved the teaching and learning )rocess of the

#nglish $anguage su%&ect .Shanusi, 2!3'

2-2 Ba.5&r/un4 /8 1! S1u49

-n relation to the much hy)ed issue a%out the declining standards of #nglish $anguage

standard amongst students in Malaysia, the im)lementation of PBS in schools can %e seen as an

incentive made %y the government to overcome the matter' PBS was im)lemented as a new

form of assessing secondary school students %eginning 2!2 for the Form ! %atches for all

su%&ects' The im)lementation is ho)ed to )roduce more holistic individuals who are )hysically,

emotionally, s)iritually, intellectually and socially .?#R-S %alanced as as)ired in the /ational


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#ducation Philoso)hy' 5ur current education system is la%elled as %eing too e(am oriented and

thus the need for school


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overall self


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im)lementation 2 years ago' Therefore, in the )resent study the following research ;uestions are

addressed

i' 8hat are MRSM Kuala Klawang+s students+ )ers)ectives towards the im)lementation of PBS

in their #S$ classrooms@

ii' 8hat are the teachers+ o)inions and challenges faced over the im)lementation of the current

PBS system in their #S$ classrooms@

iii' 8hat are the effects of the PBS system towards students+ overall achievement in the #nglish

$anguage su%&ect@

2-? O0ra1/na$ D8n1/n6

2-?-2 A6666+n1

Linn and Gronlund (2000) asserted that assessent is a eneral ter that includes the "ull rane o"

procedures used to ain in"oration a#out student learnin (o#ser$ations% ratins o" per"orances

or pro&ects% paper-and-pencil tests) and the "oration o" $alue &udent concernin learnin

proress' o*e$er% in the educational conte+t% the ter assessent'% can con$ersely #e used *ith

e$aluation'% educational easureent'% testin' and e+aination' (,ar% 200 in .useela and

.i% 20/0) In this study% assessent *ill re"er to the ne*ly ipleented P. syste% a holistic

approach to*ards school assessent in Malaysia1.5.2 School-based Assessment (SBA)

1zlin et al (20/) stated that .1 is an alternati$e approach to*ards e$aluatin students3 acadeic

de$elopent .aliah (20/) "urther descri#ed .1 as a "orati$e assessent to e$aluate students3

achie$eent holistically% ta4in into account #oth the acadeic and non-acadeic "ields 1ccordin

to ro*n (200/) as cited in 1zlin et al (20/)% .1 pro$ide teachers the con$enient echanis to

constantly onitor their students and to i$e constructi$e responses to #etter students3 learnin

copetence In this study% the ter .1 and P. *ill #e used interchanea#ly

2-?-; S1u4n16 Pr.01/n

ccording to the 5(ford dictionary, )erce)tion refers to how something is regarded, understood,

or inter)reted' -n this study, students+ )erce)tion will refer to the views of the 2 Form 3, 2!"

MRSM Kuala Klawang students' Their insights on the im)lementation of PBS in their #S$

classrooms will %e elicited' Students+ )erce)tion may %e the evidence of whether PBS .SB has


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raises the standards of their learning or not' Besides students+ )erce)tion, the #nglish teachers+

)erce)tion of PBS im)lementation in their classrooms will also %e identified'

2-?-= I+0$+n1a1/n

-n this study, im)lementation will refer to the im)lementation of PBS in Malaysian school

classrooms in general and the #S$ classrooms in )articular' The im)lementation of this new

assessment system in evaluating students is seen timely as the traditional system of assessment

no longer satisfies the educational and social needs .Ministry of #ducation' The feed%ac*, either

from the students or the teachers on the im)lementation of PBS over the )ast two years, %e it

)ositive or negative, are crucial in order to evaluate the effectiveness of it'

2-?-? PBS

Penta*siran Berasas*an Se*olah .PBS is school


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This is a small scale )reliminary ;ualitative study in identifying the effects of the

im)lementation of PBS in the #nglish $anguage classrooms on students overall achievement in

the su%&ect' The limitation of this research is that the sam)le will %e narrowed to re)resents only

the )o)ulation of 2 MRSM Kuala Klawang, ?ele%u, Form 3, 2!", students' Therefore, due to

the small sam)le siCe, findings in this research might not %e generaliCa%le to re)resent all

students in Malaysia' Results in this study can only %e used as an em)irical finding for a %roader

research to %e done'

2- S&n8.an. /8 1! S1u49

fter much literature on the readiness, concerns and )erce)tions of teachers and school

administrators on the im)lementation of PBS in schools, this study is im)ortant as to e()lore the

effects of PBS on the students+ achievement es)ecially in the #nglish $anguage su%&ect' -t is also

im)ortant to elicit their o)inions and views of the new system' This is %ecause, students, %eing at

the receiving end are the main grou) that will %e directly affected )ositively or negatively with

the im)lementation of PBS'

The findings from this study would %enefit various )arties such as the school, teachersand also the )olicyma*ers in hel)ing them to evaluate the effectiveness of the system' The

findings can %e used for the %etterment of the system in the near future as PBS in here to stay'

2- C/n.$u6/n

-n conclusion, this cha)ter has introduce the sco)e of this e()loratory study which is to

e()lore the effects of PBS .SB im)lementation in Malaysian #S$ classroom towards the

achievement of MRSM Kuala Klawang Form 3, 2!" students in the #nglish $anguage su%&ect'

Their o)inions on the im)lementation of the new system are also im)ortant to note' -t is

im)ortant to e(amine the effects of this new assessment system towards students+ achievement in

the #nglish $anguage su%&ect' Thus, this cha)ter has outlined the need for conducting this study,

the o%&ective, the )ur)ose, the significance and also the limitation and delimitation'


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C!a01r

LITERATURE REVIEW

-3 In1r/4u.1/n

The education system in Malaysia has long %een la%elled as too e(am oriented and focus

mostly on academic e(cellence' Thus, as )art of the #ducation Transformation Programme

.Pelan -ndu* Pem%angunan Pendidi*an, the government has made a %old move %y revam)ing

the current system with school


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involved with it, the teachers' Dou%ts still linger over the effectiveness of PBS, an alternative

over the e(am oriented schooling system' Parents and students are also noted as %eing very

s*e)tical with this attem)t at reforming the )resent education system after %eing too e(am

oriented for more than 1 years' There is a ris* that this shift might fail %ut in order to develo)

more Malaysian human ca)ital of a higher ;uality, this move is deemed necessary .FaiCah,

2!!' PBS is develo)ed to assess each child holistically and will ta*e into account their overall

well


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students to lose the goal of studying hard %ecause they are not re;uired to sit for e(aminations'

s they no longer face e(amination )ressure, students have lost the driving force to study and

their enthusiasm in learning have also declined' Students ended u) feeling %ored, thus this

affects their academic achievements in school' This study attem)ts to e()lore the validity of this

issue %y loo*ing at how students+ achievement were affected %y the new PBS system )articularly

in the #S$ classrooms'

-2 REVIEW /8 RELATED LITERATURE

WHY DO WE NEED 1/ CHANGE ADVANTAGES /8 PBS (SBA)

Some of the %enefits of PBS are as follows

-2-2 E+0/%rn& Ta.!r6

ccording to Brown .2! as cited in Clin et al' .2!3, SB )rovide teachers the convenient

mechanism to constantly monitor their students and to give constructive res)onses to %etter

students+ learning com)etence' Thus, teachers will )ossess more authority to design ;uality

assessments using various methods %ased on their students+ a%ilities and readiness of the su%&ect

area and im)roving their teaching strategies simultaneously .Clin et al' 2!3' 4nder the PBS,

teachers will develo) their own instruments I administer the assessment during TG$ I mar*

students answers I re)ort their )rogress and ma*e necessary interventions at their own discretion

%ased on their students+ readiness'

-2- E$+na1 S1r66 fromS1u4n16

8ith PBS, e(am


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activities' This move is )art of Malaysian #ducational Transformation in ho)e to e()and

students+ )otential in )roducing glo%al leaders' PBS+s o%&ective will %e in line with the notion of

6/o child is to %e left %ehind7 as the )riority will %e on the total develo)ment of the students'

-2-= R4u.6 A.a4+. C/+011/n

The )revious mar*


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!' To enhance the meaningfulness of assessment where the focus is more on )u)ils+ develo)ment

and growth in learning rather than merely on their scores and grades'

2' To reduce the over


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to closely monitor and identify students+ strengths and wea*nesses as teaching and learning

)rocess )rogresses' Teachers can ada)t and ado)t any teaching methods or materials to suit their

students+ needs'

owever, the im)lementation )rocess .through teachers+ )ers)ectives and the effects of

this new system on students overall achievement in the #nglish $anguage su%&ect in )articular

need to %e investigated and e(amined, either with a )ositive or negative outcomes' o)efully,

this study will )rovide a dee)er insights on PBS im)lementations thus hel)ing in refining the

im)lementation of PBS' -t is essential to identify what the students are going through and its

effects on them in ho)e that it will %enefit the teachers es)ecially in understanding their students

%etter in the future'

C!a01r ;

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

;-2 R6ar.! D6&n

This study em)loyed a descri)tive research which will allow a com%ination of ;ualitative and

;uantitative a))roaches' The study will %e carried out for a duration of one semester' ll 2

Form 3, 2!" students and #nglish teachers of MRSM Kuala Klawang will %e involved'

;-- P/0u$a1/n an4 Sa+0$

total of 2 Form 3, 2!" students and #nglish teachers of MRSM Kuala Klawang will %e

involved in this study' These students are the first %atch of students who are fully involved with

the new PBS system' -n the year 2!", they will %e in Form 3, which mar*s the third year ofim)lementation for PBS for secondary schools in Malaysia' -n 2!" also, they will %e sitting for

the first newly im)roved PMR e(am which is the PBSMR e(am' Thus, it is im)erative to e()lore

the effects of PBS to their achievement in the #nglish $anguage su%&ect, in )articular'


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Meanwhile, the #nglish teachers in MRSM Kuala Klawang have all %een involved with PBS

classes and have e()erience in im)lementing it' Their o)inion and e()erience in im)lementing it

is crucial to %e elicited'

;-; In61ru+n1a1/n

For the )ur)ose of this study, a few instruments will %e used to collect data such as

through

the use of ;uestionnaire, unstructured interview and also o%servation scheme'

;-;-2 >u61/nnar

Data will mostly %e o%tained through ;uestionnaires' There will %e two sets of ;uestionnaires'

5ne set for the students and one set for the teachers' uestionnaire will %e used to derive the

findings from the )o)ulation' For the students+ ;uestionnaire, relevant data to %e collected will %e

%ased on different varia%les such as gender, main language s)o*en at home and their 1

semester+s #nglish $anguage e(am results .for com)arison )ur)oses'

The o)en ended ;uestions and ;uestionnaire will only %e given to the selected students at the end

of the semester'

Meanwhile, ;uestionnaire for the #nglish teachers will elicit their o)inions on how they

im)lement PBS in their classrooms and the issues and challenges in im)lementing it'

;-;- Un61ru.1ur4 In1r


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Questionnaires will be used as the main method of data collection. Before

the real data collection process for this study can be carried out, a pilot study

will be conducted on a smaller population for the same intended study.The

result from the pilot study will be used to improve the questioning in the

questionnaire. A cover letter explaining the intended purpose and

signicance of the research will be provided together with the questionnaire.

The questionnaires will be distributed to all the orm ! students "they will be

gathered at the school hall during prep hours# with the permission from the

school principal. The students will be given $% to &' minutes to answer all

the questions in the questionnaire and upon completion, the questionnaires

will be collected directly in order to avoid unreturned questionnaires. The

students( responses in the questionnaire will help me to gain a better

understanding on the students( perspectives of the implementation of )B* in

their +* classrooms and how it has a-ect their performance in the subect

so far.

Teachers will be as/ed to answer another set of questionnaire in order to

elicit their in depth perspectives and opinions of how they perceive the

implementation of )B* in their +* classrooms and also on the issues and

challenges in implementing it and suggestions to overcome it. The teachers

will be given questions to answer during a free period or during after school

session.

or the students( unstructured interview, !' samples "equal number of male

and female students# ranging from students of various prociency

bac/ground "beginner, intermediate and advanced# will be selected as the

interviewees. The interview sessions will be conducted at the school and will


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be audiotaped. The same interview procedure will apply for teachers(

unstructured interview.

The researcher will also observe a few classrooms to see how teachers

implement )B* in the classrooms and identify whether the responses given

by the respondents "teachers and students# in the questionnaires and also

during the interview concur.

;-? Da1a Ana$966

The data analysis )rocess will involve several ste)s transcri%ing and sorting out the data, coding

and develo)ing conce)ts and )ro)ositions' Data o%tained will %e analyCed using the SPSS

Aersion !H'' The statistics used in this study are descri)tive statistics which will involve

fre;uency, mean and )ercentages'

;-?-2 Tran6.r*n& an4 6/r1n& /u1 1! 4a1a

ll data transcri)ts will %e read and re


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LIST /8 REFERENCES

nnie T' S' >' .2!! #()loring Students+ Perce)tion of and Reaction to Feed%ac* in Schoolorl$.

2:

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