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1

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leqaf6 lvlrPsf s]xL zAbfjnLx? M– ========================================================================================================================== d]/f] ljrf/df of] k|j[lQsf] ?kdf jFxfx? Ps k|ltgLlw kfq dfq x'g'x'G5, jf:tjdf la8Djgfsf] s'/f rfFxL s] xf] eg] xfdL ;a}n] ;a}sf nflu u'gf;fx? ug]{ dfu{ k|z:t u/]sf 5f}+ . æ;a} ;lRrP kl5 dfq d]/f] kfnf]Æ eGg] k|j[lQn] rfx]/ jf grfx]/ g/fd|f];Fu xfd|f] dl:tisdf h/f ufl8;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;fgf] ePklg ulDe/ k|Zg of] 5 ls ;lRrg] / ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] z'?jft ca ug]{ s;af6 < ========================================================================================================================= jf:tjd} xfdL x/]s If]q, tx / tKsfdf sfo{/t g]kfnLx?n] cfkm\gf] cGt/cfTdfnfO{ k|lt–k|Zg ug]{ a]nf cfO{;s]sf] 5 . jfb–ljjfb / 5nkmnsf] nflu u'gf;f / k|Zgx? hltklg t]:of{pg ;lsG5 / o:tf s'/fdf xfdL ;a} g]kfnL kf]Vt klg e};s]sf 5f}+ . t/ xfdLn] u/]sf] sfo{ / sfo{ k|lt xfdL slt O{dfGbf/ 5f}+ ;fy} ;f] sfo{af6 xfd|f] cGt/cfTdfdf cfTd–;Gt'li6 eof] ls ePg eg]/ knkn xfdLn] k|lt–k|Zg u/\of}+ eg] z'? ePsf] xfd|f] unt ofqf k'gM km]/L ;xL dfu{df lj:tf/} Nofpg ;lsGYof] xf]nf . ========================================================================================================================== s] ;]jfsf] efjgf, cfkm\gf] pQ/bfloTj, st{Jo / Ifdtf cg';f/sf] /fi6« / hgtfsf nflu ug{ ;lsg] ;dk0f{ jf:tjd} xfd|f] x|boaf6 xl6;s]sf] 5 / < olx qmddf xfdL ;a} cuf8L a9\g] xf] eg] gofF k':tfn] xfd|f] b]zsf] eljZosf] sNkgf s;/L ug]{ < lo cg'Ql/t k|Zgx?sf] kf]sf] xfdL ;a}n] Ps kN6 km'sfP/ x]g}{ kg]{ ePsf] 5 . ========================================================================================================================== xfdL g]kfnL hgtfsf] b'ef{Uo, cfkm\g} b]zsf] ;Dk'0f{ b'u{d If]qdf lasf;sf] k"jf{wf/ / cf}Bf]lus/0fsf] /fd|f] lasf; ePsf] eP lab]zdf xfd|f] >d zlQmsf] zf]if0f x'g] t lyPg . ;a}n] olx k9\g n]Vg / Ifdtf cg';f/sf] sfd kfPsf] eP xfdL ;f/f o'jfx? cfkm\g} dft[e'ldsf] sfvdf /dfpg] lyof}+ . t/ s] ug]{ xfd|f] b]zn] ul/a g]kfnL hgtfn] sNkgf u/]sf] /fli6«o g]tf g} kfpg ;s]g eg] ul/a hgtfnfO{ nlIft u/]/ /fHosf] ;+oGq slxNo} k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]g . ========================================================================================================================== jf:tjdf lj8Dagfsf] s'/f xf], clwsf/ ;DkGg JolQmTjx?sf] cuf8L jl/kl/ 3'Dg] t/ sfd k|lt OdfGbf/ gePsfx? ;w} ;'ud / ;'vdf b]lvG5g\ eg] d]xgtL / sfd k|lt OdfGbf/ ePsfx?sf] sfdsf] d'NofÍg x'g;Sb}g . g]kfndf slxn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d'NofÍg / ;f]xL cg';f/ b08 / k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf xf]nf, of] Pp6f ;r]t g]kfnLn] p7fpg] u/]sf] ulDe/ k|Zg xf] . ========================================================================================================================== xfdLnfO{ cfzf lyof], of] kl/ron] csf]{kN6 xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u xf]nf lsgeg] lrghfg / eg;'gn] xfd|f] b]zdf 7'nf–7'nf sfdx? klg ;lhn} ug{ ;lsg] k/Dk/f /lxcfPsf] 5 . ==========================================================================================================================

d]/f] ;f]r===

2

ldlt @)^^ ;fn h]i7 !^ / !& ut] & lxdfnL lhNnfx?df P3f/f}+ /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgsf] bf];|f] r/0f ;+rfng x'g uO{/x]sf] lyof] . /fli6«o k|lti7f;Fu ufFl;Psf] of] dxTjk"0f{ kf]lnof] vf]k sfo{qmd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof d+Gqfno, :jf:Yo ;]jf laefu, afn :Jff:Yo dxfzfvf cGt{ut ;+rfng x'g] ub{5 / o;df laZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g–cfO{=lk=l8=sf] dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u /xb} cfPsf] 5 . ljZjaf6 g} kf]lnof] /f]u pGd"ng ug]{ /0fgLlt cg'?k /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgdf &% j6} lhNnfx?df kfFr jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ kf]lnof] yf]kf v'jfO{ kf]lnof] /f]u la?4 n8\g] Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/ ;+;f/af6 kf]lnof] /f]unfO{ pGd"ng ug]{ o;sf] d'n nIo xf] . @)^^ h]i7 @ ut] laxfg !) ah] 8f= /fh]Gb| af]x/fsf] O{d]n k|fKt eof], jFxf xfd|f] k|f]h]S6sf] k|d'v x'g'x'G5 . Tof] O{d]ndf & lxdfnL lhNnfx?df /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgdf ;xof]u ug{ xfdLx?nfO{ laleGg lhNnfx?df v6fO{Psf] af/] hfgsf/L /x]5 . 8f= /fd sfhL dxh{g / dnfO{ 8f]Nkf lhNnf v6fO{Psf] /x]5 . O{d]ndf ;f] lhNnfsf] kf]lnof] vf]k cleofg, lgoldt vf]ksf] l:ylt, le=lk=l8= vf]hk8tfn / ;fy} vf]ksf] kFx'r, sf]N8r]gsf] cj:Yff cflb ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfkx?df ;xof]u ug{ v6fO{Psf >f]t JolQmx?nfO{ cfJxfg ul/Psf] lyof] . tTsfn} d}n] 8f= dxh{g;Fu 6]lnkmf]gaf6 ;Dk{s u/] jFxf xfd|f] a'6jn l:yt zfvf sfof{nosf] ;le{n]G; d]l8sn clkm;/ x'g'x'G5 . / xfdLn] ;f] 8f]Nkfdf v6fO{Psf], Toxf s;/L hfg] / ;xof]usf] nflu xfdLn] lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg] e"ldsf cfbLsf] af/]df 5nkmn uof}{ . lxdfnL lhNnfsf] p8fg laleGg sf/0fn] clgoldt x'g] / b'u{d If]q ePsf]n] xfdL ;a}nfO{ h]i7 ^ ut] g} a]n}df ;DalGwt lhNnf lt/ k|:yfg ug{] ul/ cfjZos tof/L ug{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] lyof] . lgoldt ?kdf 8f= dxh{g / d}n] 6]lnkmf]g ;Dk{s u/]/ xfd|f] hfg] l6s6sf] Joj:yf, e|d0f of]hgf ldnfP/ h]i7 ^ ut] xfdL lx8\g tof/ eof} . d lgDg–dWod jlu{o kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ePklg k"jf{~rnsf] ;'ud zx/ la/f6gu/df hGd]/ x'ls{Psf] l76f] d}n] s0ff{nL c~rnsf lhNnfx? 3'Dg] / x]g]{ df}sf g} kfPsf] lyO{g . o;/L clkm;sf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ub}{ s0ff{nLsf] b'u{d lhNnf 8f]Nkf hfg' / ;f] /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgdf ;xof]u ul/ cfkm\gf] pQ/bfloTj k'/f ug'{ Ps r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ lyof] . t}klg cfkm\gf] b]zsf] s'gf sGb/f, ;'Gb/ k|s[lt x]g{ kfpg' / ljs6tf;Fu ;3{if u/]/ a;]sf 8f]NkfnLx?;Fu s]xLlbg eP klg xft]dfnf] ug{ kfpg' d]/f]] nflu 7'nf] cj;/sf] s'/f lyof] . of] cj;/ k|bfg ug'{ePsf]df 8f= /fh]Gb| af]x/f Ho" k|lt d xflb{s s[t1 5' . 8f]Nkf s:tf] xf]nf <, s;/L hfg] xf]nf <, ;dodf x]lnsK6/ kfO{Pnf ls gkfO{Pnf <, slt lx8g' kg]{ xf]nf <, s] s] ;fdfg lnP/ hfg] xf]nf < o:tf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ vf]Hbf vf]Hb} To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug]{ lbg cfO{k'Uof] . xjfO{hxfhsf] l6s6 klg cl3Nnf] lbg xft k/\of] . sf7df8f}+af6 g]kfnu+h uP/ Toxfaf6 clkm;sf] ufl8df ;'v]{t hfg] / Toxfaf6 laleGg lxdfnL lhNnfx?df Kn]g / x]lnsK6/ ldnfP/ hfg] xfd|f] of]hgf lyof] . Tolx cg'?k d sf7df8f}+af6 Kn]gdf g]kfnu+h lt/ k|:yfg u/] eg] 8f= dxh{g a'6jnaf6 ;'v]{t lt/ nfUg' eof] . 8f= s]=aL=3tL{, 8f= ;'Snf / d g]kfnu+h k'Uof}+ / Toxf vfgf vfP/ ;'v]{t lx8\g] t/v/ ug{ yfNof}+ . 8f= ;'Snfsf] a}saf6 vr{sf] nflu s]xL k};f lgsfNg' kg]{ ePsf]n] xfdL klg ;+u}

d]/f] ;f]r===

3

a}+s lt/ nfUof\}+ . 8f= ;'Snf :6f08{8 rf6{8 a}+s leq k:g'eof] eg] xfdL 8f= 3tL{ / d aflx/ g} a:of}+ . To;}a]nf ?k]l8of hfg] af6f]af6 y'k|} +hgf ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf d h:tf o'jfx? nfdfn:s/ nfu]/ k5fl8 leg]{ 7"nf] emf]nf af]s]/ ef/tsf] af]8{/ lt/ hfb} u/]sf] b]v] / a'em\g vf]h] pgLx? sxfF / lsg uPsf x'g eg]/ cgL dnfO{ yfxf eof], pgLx? dWo–klZrdf~rn / ;'b'/ klZrdf~rnsf kxf8L lhNnfx? h:t} ?s'd, h'Dnf, /f]Nkf, hfh/sf]6, c5fdaf6 dhb'/L ug{ ef/t hfg] n:s/ /x]5 . Tof] af6f] eP/ y'k|f g]kfnL o'jfx? k};f sdfpg / 3/ vr{ hf]uf8 ug{ ef/tsf] sn–sf/vfgfdf dhb'/L ug{ hfFbf /x]5g\ . d}n] dgdg} ;f]r] / pbf; eP æxfdL g]kfnL hgtfsf] b'ef{Uo, cfkm\g} b]zsf] ;Dk'0f{ b'u{d If]qdf lasf;sf] k"jf{wf/ / cf}Bf]lus/0fsf] /fd|f] lasf; ePsf] eP lab]zdf xfd|f] >d zlQmsf] zf]if0f x'g] t lyPg . ;a}n] olx k9\g n]Vg / Ifdtf cg';f/sf] sfd kfPsf] eP xfdL ;f/f o'jfx? cfkm\g} dft[e'ldsf] sfvdf /dfpg] lyof}+ . t/ s] ug]{ xfd|f] b]zn] ul/a g]kfnL hgtfn] sNkgf u/]sf] /fli6«o g]tf g} kfpg ;s]g eg] ul/a hgtfnfO{ nlIft u/]/ /fHosf] ;+oGq slxNo} k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]g .Æ a}+ssf] sfd ;s]/ xfdL xfd|f] g]kfnu+h l:yt sfof{nodf s]xLj]/ cNdlnP kl5 ;'v]{t lt/ nfUof}+ . gjnk'/ s6]kl5 a'6jnaf6 cfpg'ePsf] 8f= dxh{g;Fu xfd|f] e]6 eof] / xfdLn] ;Fu} lrof gf:tf u/\of}+ / xfd|f] @ j6} uf8L ;'v]{tsf] nflu cuf8L a9\of] . nueu # 306f kl5 a]n'sf xfdL ;'v]{t k'Uof}+ . Pp6f /fd|f] xf]6n vf]h]/ cfkm\gf] ;fdfgx? /fv]/ xfdL ;a} ;'v]{t ahf/ 3'Dg lgl:sof}+ . ;f]xL /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgdf ;xof]u ug{ 8f= s]=aL= 3tL{nfO{ h'Dnf, 8f= ;'SnfnfO{ rfFxL x'Dnfsf] nflu v6fOPsf] lyof] . ;a} hgfn] ef]ln laxfg ^ ah] g} Po/kf]6{ k'u]/ cfkm\gf] uGtJo lt/ hfg xjfO{hxfh jf x]lnsK6/df l6s6 ldnfpg' kg]{ lyof] . b'u{d lxdfnL lhNnfdf s]xL lbga:bf cfjZos kg]{ ;dfu|L lsGg xfdL ;'v]{t ahf/ uPsf lyof}+ . d}n] rfFxL $–% s]=hL= t/sf/L lsg]/ nfg] larf/ ul/ t/sf/L lsGg yfn] eg] c? ;a}hgf klg cfkm\gf] lsgd]ndf Jo:t x'g'eof] / a]n'sf xfdL kms]{/ xf]6ndf cfof}+ . vfgf;Fu} vfb} xfdLn] /dfOnf] ukmufkm / 7§f ub}{ /dfOnf] uof}{+ . d jfx]s ;a}hgf 8fS6/ x'g'ePsf]n] jFxfx?n] lautsf lbgx?df b'u{d If]qdf :jf:Yo l;lj/ ;+rfng u/]sf] / cGo /f]rs 36gfx? ;'gfpg'eof] . jxfx?sf] cg'ej / lat]sf /dfOnf ljutsf 36gf ;'g]/ d}n] klg v'j /dfOnf] u/] . /fte/L xfjfx'/L cfP/ laB't nfO{g klg s6]sf] / nfdv'§]n] /fte/L ;tfPsf]n] xfd|f] Tof] lbgsf] ;'tfO{ Tolt /fd|f] ePg . xfjfx'/L / kfgL klg hf]8bf/ ?kdf k/]sf]n] ef]nL xfdL cfkm\gf] uGtJodf k'Ug xjfO{hxfh / x]lnsK6/ p8\g ;Sb}g ls eGg] lrGtfn] Tof] /ft xfdLnfO{ 56k6L e} g} /x\of] / laxfg ;a]/} p7]/ xfdL ;'v]{t Po/kf]6{ tkm{ nfUof}+ . Po/kf]6{sf] u]6df a;]sf ;'/Iffsld{n] leq l5g{ lbbf /x]g5g\ . cg]s u/]/ xfdL xfd|f] kl/ro kq b]vfpb} leq k:of}+ . Kn]gsf] l6s6 kfpg' t 6f9fsf] s'/f xf], ljr/f lt 8f]Nkf / h'Dnfjf;Lx?n] t Po/kf]6{ leq k:g g} kfpFbf /x]g5g\ . xjfO{hxfh s'g s'g lhNnf hfg] xf] < slt ah] p8\g] xf] < s]xL yfxf gx'Fbf]/x]5, ;fdfgdf cf]hg a9L x'g] / ;f] ;fdfg af]Sbf xjfO{hxfh / x]lnsK6/nfO{ cfly{s d'gfkmf a9L x'g] ePsf]n] ofq'x?nfO{ Tolt jf:tf ul/bf]/x]g 5 . ;fdfg lnP/ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] nflu Kn]g p8\bf ;d]t ;f]xL lhNnf hfgsf nflu a;]sf ofqLnfO{ Kn]g s'g lhNnf p8\of] kQ} gx'Fbf]/x]5 . aNn aNn >LPo/af6 x'Dnf / 8f]Nkf hfg] x]lnsK6/ ldnfO{ l6s6 sf6\of}+ . s]xLj]/df yfxfeof], Po/kf]6{df OGwg g} ;lsPsf] /x]5 . ;a} hxfhsf] p8fg cnkq kg]{ l:ylt /x]5,

d]/f] ;f]r===

4

;'v]{t h:tf] Jo:t Po/kf]6{df OGwg ;lsbf;Dd O{Gwg cfk"lt{ gx'g' / plrt Joj:yfkg ldnfpg g;Sg' ;fdfGo sdhf]/L dfq} b]lvPtf klg of] xfd|f] /fli6«o /f]u g} e};s]sf] 5 . cfh hfg gkfO{g] eof] eGg] lk/n] xfdL ;a}sf] cg'xf/ dlng eof] . s]xLj]/df afFsL df}Hbftsf] OGwg k|of]u ug]{ ;xdlt aGof] / p8\g kfO{g] cfzf km]/L dgdf knfof] . x'Dnf p8]sf] olt–Po/nfO{G;sf] Pp6f Kn]g df};d k|lts'n ePkl5 cfwf af6f]af6} kms]{kl5 x]lnsK6/n] klg of] uGtJosf] p8fg /2 u/\of] . To;}n] 8f= ;'Snfsf] x'Dnf p8\g] Tof] lbgsf] cfzf lg/fzfdf kl/jt{g eof] . 8f= s]=aL= 3tL{ Ho"n] h'Dnf p8\g sf7dfG8f}+af6} …cf]s]Ú l6s6 lnO{ cfg'ePsf] lyof] t/ jxfFsf] cfFvf cuf8L rfdn / cGo vfBfGg af]s]sf] xjfO{hxfhx? h'Dnfsf] nflu p8\of] t/ jFxfn] hfg kfpg' ePg Tof] lbgsf] jFxfsf] ofqf klg ;'v]{t d} /f]lsof] . xfdL 8f]Nkfsf] nflu lx8]sf klg af]l8Ë kf; lnP/ /g–j]df kl;;Sbf xfd|f] 8f]Nkf hfg] x]lnsK6/ hfg] xf] jf xf]Og cGof]n g} lyof] . Tolx cGof]ntfdf xfdL /g–j]df 3'ld /xbf xfdLn] laZj vfB sfo{qmdsf Pshgf ;fly k'?zf]Qd hL / c? Po/nfO{G;sf sd{rf/Lx?;Fu kl/ro ug]{ df}sf kfof}+ . xfdLnfO{ cfzf lyof], of] kl/ron] csf]{kN6 xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u xf]nf lsgeg] lrghfg / eg\;'gn] xfd|f] b]zdf 7'nf–7'nf sfdx? klg ;lhn} ug{ ;lsg] k/Dk/f /lxcfPsf] 5 . s]xLj]/df xfdLnfO{ x]lnsK6/df af]nfO{of] / xfdLn] xfd|f cGo l6dnfO{ xft xNnfpb} x]lnsK6/df r9\of}+ . o;/L ;f}efUojz xfdL ;'v]{taf6 8f]Nkfsf] nflu p8\g ;kmn eof}+ . x]lnsK6/df rfdn, kmnfdsf cf}hf/ / Knfli6ssf] kfO{kx? vrfvr el/Psf] lyof] . Tolx rfdnsf] af]/fdf ldnfP/ 8f= dxh{g / d a:of}+, Tof] x]lnsK6/sf] ofqLsf] ?kdf xfdL b'O{hgf dfq lyof}+ . 7"nf 7"nf kxf8sf] laraf6 x]lnsK6/ 8f]Nkfsf] nflu p8\bf dgdf stfstf 8/sf] cg'e"lt x'Fbf]/x]5 . x]lnsK6/sf] kv]6f kxf8sf] r]kdf 7f]SsLg] kf] xf]sL eGg] z+sf pkz+sf grfFxbf grfFxb} klg dgdf cfpFbf] /x]5 .

8f]Nkf hfgsf] nflu ;'v]{t Po/kf]6{df d, bfFof / x]lnsK6/ leq rfdnsf] af]/fdf a;]/ hfFb} d / 8f= dxh{g 8f= dxh{g, afFof

x]lnsK6/sf] ;fgf em\ofnaf6 xfdL lg/Gt/ ?kdf s0ff{nL c~rnsf] b'u{d lhNnf 8f]Nkf hfg] vf]r, 7"nf phf8 lxpFn] vfPsf] kxf8 / lxdfnnfO{ lgofNb} cfuf8L a9\of}+ . x]lnsK6/ r9]sf] sl/a %) ldg]6df 8f]Nkfsf] h'kmfn Po/kf]6{ cfO{k'u]sf] yfxf eof] . s]xL l5gd} x]lnsK6/ Po/kf]6{df cf]ln{of] . xfdL klg pT;flxt x'b} cfkm\gf] emf]nf ;lxt Po/kf]6{df x]lnsK6/af6 tn em/\of}+ . ToxfFsf el/ofx? vfBfGg / cGo ;fdfgx? p7fpg x'/{ cfO{xfn] . xfdLn] klg h'kmfn b]lv 8f]Nkfsf] ;b/d'sfd b'g};Dd hfg xfd|f] ;fdfg af]Sg el/of vf]hLlbg Toxfsf] Po/kf]6{sf k|x/LnfO{ cg'/f]w u/\of}+ . h'kmfnaf6 b'g} hfg sl/a ;f9] ltg 306f nfUg] /x]5,

d]/f] ;f]r===

5

cln 6f9f ePsf]n] Toxf ePsf el/ofn] hfg dfg]gg\ / ;fy} h]i7 !) ut]af6 ag ;ldltn] of;f{u'Daf l6Kg n]s v'nf ug]{ /x]5 . of] of;f{u'DafnfO{ ofrf{s'De', hLjga'6L, ls/f h:tf laleGg gfdx?n] af]nfO{bf] /x]5 . o;nfO{ ef]6 lt/ / ltAaltog efiffdf ofrf{s'De' elgbf]/x]5 . ltg–rf/ lbg cuf8Laf6 g} 8f]NkfnLx? ;f] ofrf{s'De' l6Kgsf nflu n]s lt/ vfg–;'Tg rflxg] ;Dk"0f{ ;/;fdfg af]s]/ dfly plSnbf /x]5g\ . ofrf{s'De' l6Kg]nfO{ :yflgo efiffdf ls/f l6Kg] klg elgbf]/x]5 . h'kmfnaf6 b'g};Dd hfgnfO{ Pp6f klg el/of kfpg ;lsPg . xfdLn] ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfg af]s]/ of] nfdf] af6f] lx8\g cf6 ug{ klg ;s]gf}+ . aNn aNn Pshgf :yflgo af;Ln] xfdLnfO{ h'kmfn :jf:Yo rf}sLsf sd{rf/L a'l4 hLsf] cf}iflw k;n;Dd k'/\ofO{lbP . / k'gM xfdLn] el/of vf]hL lbg xf/u'xf/ u/\of}+ . dnfO{ 8fO{l/of eP/ k]6 b'v]sf]n] d lgs} ladf/L h:t} e};s]sf] lyP . 8f= dxh{gn] cfkm";Fu NofPsf] cf}ifwL d]6«f]lg8fhf]n vfg lbPkl5 sl/a cfwf 306fdf dnfO{ l7s eof] t/ el/of gkfPsf]n] xfd|f] ofqfdf k'gM cGof]ntf ylkof] . sl/a lbp;f] @ ah];Dd klg el/of ge]l6P kl5 7"nf emf]nfx? Tolx 5f]8]/ kl5 el/of vf]h]/ k7fO{lbg cg'/f]w ub}{ ;fgf] Jofudf cTofjZos ;fdfg h:t} a|; / Ps hf]/ n'uf af]s]/ xfdL xfd|f] uGtJo b'g} lt/ nfUof}+ . h'kmfnaf6 cf]/fnf] nflu e]l/ gbLsf] lt/}–lt/ b'g}sf] nflu nfUg'kbf]{ /x]5 . af6f]df :ofp / cf]v/sf] af]6x? / To;df n6/Da kmn]sf :ofp / cf]v/x? b]Vg kfO{of] . of] eGbf klxn] ;'s]sf s8f cf]v/dfq d}n] b]v]sf] lyP . o;/L ?vdf kmn]sf] cf]v/ d}n] b]v]sf] of] klxnf] kN6 lyof] . af6f]df xfdLn] w]/} ofqLx?sf] nfdfn:s/ b]Vof}+ . ;f]Wbfv]/L yfxf eof], pgLx? ?s'd / hfh/sf]6af6 cfPsf /x]5g\ / ls/f l6Kg z]–kmfS;'G8f]sf] n]s lt/ lx8]sf /x]5g\ . pgLx?;Fu s'/fsfgL ub}{ xfdL cuf8L a9\of}+ . ls/f -ofrf{s'De'_ l6KgnfO{ laleGg l5d]sL lhNnfx?af6 klg cfpbf /x]5g\ . pgLx?sf] egfO{df d'u', x'Dnf h:tf lxdfnL lhNnfx?df klg n]s lt/ ofrf{s'De' kfO{bf]/x]5 . t/ 8f]Nkfsf] ofrf{s'De'nfO{ /fd|f] u'0f:t/sf] dflgbf] /x]5 . n]sdf k/]sf] lxpF h]i7 dlxgf nfu]kl5 qmdzM lxpF kUng z'? x'g] / ofrf{s'De' ls/fdf 6';f knfpg] / l6Kg ;lhnf] x'g] ePsf]n] ag ;ldltn] klg olx l;hgdf ls/f l6Kg v'nf ubf{ /x]5g\ . 8f]Nkfdf sfO{ufp, kmf]S;'G8f], /x, b'g} / dfemkmfn h:tf uf=lj=;=x?sf] n]sdf ofrf{s'De' kfO{bf]/x]5 . 8f]NkfnLx?sf] d'Vo cfo>f]t g} sL/f -ofrf{s'De'_ /x]5 . pgLx?;Fu s'/f ub}{ hfFbf w]/} cgf}7f / crDdsf s'/fx? ;'Gg kfO{of], h:t} M 8f]Nkfdf ofrf{s'De' l6Kg] l;hg ;lsPkl5 s]6fs]6Lx?sf] xftdf klg xhf/–xhf/sf gf]6x? x'G5g\ /], s]6fs]6L / l76fx?n] klg df;' / ljo/ vfPsf] ahf/df b]Vg kfOG5 /], Tof] a]nf t b'g} / h'kmfnsf ahf/df ?= %)) / ?= !))) sf] gf]6 afx]s c? v'h'/f gf]6x? g} b]Vg kfOb}g /] .

ldnfP/ /flvPsf ofrf{s'De'x? 8f]Nkfsf] ;b/d'sfd b'g} ahf/

d]/f] ;f]r===

6

o;/L ukm ub}{ ofrf{s'De' l6Kg lx8]sf xhf/f}+ ofqLx?;Fu xft]dfnf] ub}{ xfdL b'g} ahf/ cfO{k'Uof}+ . /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofg ;DalGwt lhNnfdf ;+rfng ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ pQ/bfloTj g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :yfgLo lgsfo lhNnf -hg_ :jf:Yo sfof{nonfO{ x'g] ePsf]]n] xfdL ;f]em} lhNnf -hg_ :jf:Yo sfof{no lt/ nfUof}+ lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ af6f]df Pp6f uDeL/ k|Zgn] lk/f]ln/x]sf] lyof] . Tof] s] lyof] eg] ;f/f 8f]NkfnL ofrf{s'De' l6KgnfO{ hfg] qmd hf/L lyof] / pgLx? of] l;hgdf !%–@) lbg;Dd n]sdf g} ls/f l6Kg kfn6fu]/ a:bf /x]5g\ . 3/df a'9f–kfvf, cfvf gb]Vg]x? dfq a:bf /x]5g\ . s;}sf] d[To' ePdf klg ;f] nf; hnfpg] dfG5] k'/} ufpmdf vf]Hbf klg gkfO{Psf 36gfx? /x]5g\ . olb To;f] xf] eg] xfd|f] /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofg lsg of] ;dodf /flvof] < If]lqo of]hgf uf]i7Ldf lo s'/fx? lsg hf]8bf/ ?kdf p7fpg lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{non] ;s]g < ag ;ldlt / ;j{blno a}7s a;]/ h]i7sf] of] bf];|f] r/0fsf] kf]lnof] vf]k cleofg ;kmn agfpg lsg kxn ul/Pg cflb cg]sf}+ k|Zgx? xfd|f] dgdf lyof] . olb jf:tjd} ;f/f ufpF vfnL ePsf] a]nf s] xfd|f] of] kf]lnof] vf]k cleofg ;kmn x'G5 t < eGg] ulDe/ k|Zg af]s]/ xfdL lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nodf k|j]z u/\of}+ . lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nosf k|d'v s'g} tflndsf] l;nl;nfdf g]kfnu+h hfg'ePsf] /x]5 / ;fy} vf]k ;'k/efO{h/ ;+ho d+08n klg @ xKtf b]lv 5'§Ldf x'g'x'Fbf]/x]5 . xfdL a]n'sf k'u]sf]n] clkm; aGb e};s]sf] lyof] t}klg sf]N8r]g cl;:6]G6 6]s a= u'?ËnfO{ af]nfO e]6 u/\of}+ . jxfF b'g}sf] :yflgo afl;Gbf x'g'xF'bf]/x]5 .

d / ofrf{s'De' l6Kg n]s lt/ lx8]sfx? s]xLj]/ lztndf la>fd ub}{

xfdLnfO{ a:gsf] nflu lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nosf gf=;'= pQd >]i7 Ho"n] c:ktfn leq} Sjf6/sf] Joj:yf ug'{ePsf] /x]5 . lh=:jf=sf= / c:ktfn glhs ePsf]] / xfdLnfO{ sfd ug{ klg ;lhnf] x'g] ePsf]n] xfdL tTsfn} Sjf6/df a:g dGh'/ eof}+ . xfdLn] xfd|f ;a}

d]/f] ;f]r===

7

;fdfgx? el/of gkfP/ h'kmfndf g} 5f]8]/ cfPsf]n] el/of e]l6of] ls eg]/ k'gM h'kmfndf ;Dks{ uof}+{ . ToxfFsf] bLbLn] el/of vf]h]/ k7fO;Sg' ePsf] /x]5 . s]xL j]/df g} Pshgf a'9f] bfO{n] xfd|f] ;a} ;fdfg ;s'zn NofO{ k'/\ofpg' eof] . xfdL ;fx|} v'zL eof}+ / plrt kfl/>lds lbO{ wGojfb elg jxfFnfO{ labf uof}+{ . c:ktfnsf] ;fgf] SoflG6Ë Pshgf ev{/ cfpg'ePsf] lkog bfO{n] rnfpg' ePsf] /x]5 . ;'v]{taf6 nu]sf] ;a} t/sf/Lx? jFxfnfO{ lbP/ xfdLnfO{ b}lgs ld7f] t/sf/L;Fu vfgf v'jfpg'xf]nf eGb} Sjf6/ lt/ cf/fd ug{ uof}+ . t/sf/Lsf] gfddf ToxfF ;LdLsf] u]8f / s]/fp dfq kfFObf]/x]5 . 8f= dxh{g / d a;]/ ef]nL b]lv /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgdf ;xof]u ug{ s]–s] lqmofsnfkx? ug{ ;lsG5 5 egL ;+efljt of]hgfx? agfof}+ . ef]nLkN6 lh=:jf=sf=sf] sf]N8?ddf uof}+ / sf]=r]=c= 6]s a= u'?ËnfO{ e]6\of}+ . sf]N8?ddf rf/j6f /]lk|mh/]6/ pks/0fx? /x]5 h'g xfdLn] /fli6«o bfb'/f vf]k cleofg, @))* df ky\n}ofaf6 ;'v]{t x'b} x]lnsK6/af6 b'g}sf] nflu j8f] d]xgt u/]/ k7fPsf lyof}+ . u?ËhLn] Pp6f lh/f] /]lk|mh/]6/ rflxF Uof; lns ePsf]] t/ c? ;a} lg/Gt/ ?kdf sfd ul//x]sf] cjut u/fpg'eof] .

8f]Nkf lhNnf c:ktfnsf] sDkfpG8 lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no, 8f]Nkf jFxfnfO{ d}n] s'g} tflnd, uf]i7Ldf b]v]sf] lyOg / ;f]wL xfn] …tkfO{ slt jif{ b]lv 8f]Nkfdf x'g'x'G5 <Ú jFxf 8f]Nkfsf] :yfgLoaf;L x'g'x'Fbf]/x]5 / la=;+= @)%& ;fn b]lv s'g}klg uf]i7Lx? tyf tflndx?df efu lng' ePsf] /x]g5 . ev{/} g]kfnuGhdf ePsf] vf]k Joj:yfkgsf] tflnddf klg jFxfn] gj/fh kf}8]n, c=x]=j=nfO{ k7fpg' eP5 . xfdL 5Ss k/\of}+ / ;Demfpg] sf]lz; u/\of}+, of] !) jif{df vf]k sfo{qmddf slt gofF s'/fx? cfO;s] tkfO{ ;a} s'/faf6 6f9f a;]/ tkfOn] cfkm' nufot 8f]NkfnfO{ klg 7Ug'eof] egL cfsfz kftfn b]vfP/ ;Demfpbf jFxfn] ca ;a} uf]i7L, tflnddf efu lng hfg] k|ltj4tf hgfpg'eof] . To;}lbg xfdLn] ;+ho d08n, vf]k ;'k/efOh/nfO{ t'?Gt lhNnf kms{g cg'/f]w u/\of}+ . jFxf g]kfnuGhdf x'g'x'Fbf]/x]5 / xfdLn] g]kfnuGh jf ;'v]{taf6 cfpg / cfjZos k/] x]lnsK6/df xfdLn] lrg]sf] 7fpFdf eg]/ ;xof]u ug]{ cfZjf;g lbPkl5 d08nhL ;'v]{tsf] nflu lx8\g' eof] / ef]nLkN6 g} b'g} cfpg'eof] . If]lqo d]l8sn :6f]/, g]kfnuGhn] EoflS;g k7fpFbf @) 8f]h / !) 8f]hsf] EoflS;g ld;fP/ k7fPsf]n] @)) efon @) 8f]hsf] EoflS;g ck'u ePsf]n] xfdLn] d]l8sn :6f]/sf k|d'v hgs uL/LnfO{ kmf]g u/L yk EoflS;g

d]/f] ;f]r===

8

t'?Gt k7fO{lbg cg'/f]w u/\of}+ . jFxfn] ef]ln g} k7fpg] cfZjf;g lbg'eof] . o;/L xfdLn] vf]k ;'k/efOh/ ;+ho d08n / sf]=r]=c= 6]s a= u'?ËhL;Fu a;]/ /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgnfO{ s;/L ;kmn agfpg ;lsG5 egL ug'{kg]{ / ;'wfg'kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? k"0f{?kdf ul/of] . laBfnox?sf] lzIfsx? / /]8qm; ;f];fO6L 8f]Nkfsf k|ltlgwLx?;Fu a;]/ vf]k sfo{qmdsf] af/]df 5nkmn uof}+{ / ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuLx?n] /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfpg' eof] . To;}ul/ xfdLn] :yflgo lasf; clwsf/L >L cfgGb kf]v/]n Ho"nfO{ e]6L /fli6«o vf]k sfo{qmdsf af/]df cjut u/fof}+ .

vf]k ;'k/efOh/ / sf]N8r]g cl;:6]G6;Fu la:t[t ?kdf vf]k ;]jfsf] cj:yf / EoflS;g Joj:yfkgsf] ;d:of / r'gf}tLsf] af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ qmddf vf]k ;'k/efOh/ ;+ho d08nhLn] $ aif{ b]lv 8f]Nkf a;]sf] / olt las6 7fpFdf $ aif{ al;;s]sf]n] ca d}n] ;'ud 7fpFdf a:g] / hflu/ vfg] cj;/ kfpg' kg]{ u'gf;f] kf]Vg'eof] . of] u'gf;f] ;'Gg] / k|ltpQ/ lbg] xfdL;Fu s'g} hjfkm gePsf]n] d}n] s'/fnfO{ df]8\b} d08nhL tkfO{sf] sfof{no sf]7f / sf]N8?ddf EoflS;g ljt/0f of]hgf, uf=lj=;=x? ;lxtsf] gS;f, se/]hsf] l:ylt, df}Hbft -EoflS;g / cGo_ Joj:Yffkg rf6{ gePsf]n] ;a} agfP/ Jojl:yt kfg'{ePsf] eP xfdLnfO{ klg tkfO{sf] k|z+;f ug{ ;lhnf] x'lGyof] . nf} g d08nhL 8f]Nkfsf] nflu Tolt d]xgt ul/lbg' k/\of] . Tolt ul/lbg'eof] eg] xfdL ;a}sf] cuf8L x/]s cj;/df JolQmut ?kdf tkfO{sf] k|z+;f ug]{lyof}+ eg]/ d}n] k6s–k6s cg'/f]w ubf{ d08nhLn] x'G5 d u/]/ b]vfpF5' eGg'eof] . d}n] klg jFxfnfO{ k|f]T;fxLt ug{ uf=lj=;=x? ePsf] gS;f agfpgsf nflu d klg ;xof]u u5{' eGbf jFxf emg\ v'zL x'g'eof] .

d08nhL / 6]s a= u'?ËhL;Fu a;]/ ofrf{s'De' l6Kg] l;hg / of] ;a}sf] cfo>f]t ePsf]n] ;a} n]s lt/ ufpF g} vfnL kf/]/ hfg] s'/f hfGbfhfGb} lh=:jf=sf=n] ug{ g;s]sf] k|efjsf/L kxnsf] af/]df ;ldIff ul/of] . ;fy} ofrf{s'De' l6Kg hfg] k|d'v gfsfx?df cfdf;Fu} uPsf % jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ kf]lnof] yf]kf v'jfpg] Joj:yf ug{ kxn ug'{sf ;fy} h'g uf=lj=;=sf :jod\ ;]jLsfx? klg ls/f l6Kg uPsf 5g\ pgLx?sf] 7fFpdf klg se/]h a9fpg ;fpg dlxgfdf ;f]xL ah]6af6 k'gM kf]lnof] yf]kf v'jfpg cg'/f]w u/\of}+ / jFxfx? /fhL klg x'g'eof] . t/ klg xfd|f] cGt/cfTdfdf stfstf g/dfOnf] dxz'; e}/x]sf] lyof] lsgeg] lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no k|d'v g'x'g', ofrf{s'De' l6Kg] ;do / sfo{qmdsf] ldlt Pp6} x'g' cfbL sf/0fn] xfdL h'g pT;fxsf ;fy /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgdf ;xof]u ug{ / xf]:6]df x};] ug{ cfPsf lyof}+ To;df sfnf] afbn d8fl/Psf] dx;'; ug{ xfdL afWo eof}+ .

% jif{ d'lgsf s]6fs]6L tyf sfvsf aRrfx? klg lnP/ ofrf{s'De' l6Kg lx8]sfx?

d]/f] ;f]r===

9

ofrf{s'De' l6Kg lx8]sf] ofqLx?nfO{ b]v]/ xfdLnfO{ klg n]sdf hfg dg nfu]sf] lyof] . s;/L ofrf{s'De' l6kLbf] /x]5 < s;/L xhf/f}+ dlg;x? n]sdf kfn 6fu]/ a:bf /x]5g\< pgLx?sf] of] ls/f l6Kg] cleofgdf cfO{kg]{ b'Mv / ;+3if{ k|ToIf ?kdf lgofNg] /xg d / 8f=dxh{gdf lyof] . t/ b}lgs n]s lt/ lxpF kl//x]sf] / n]s nfu]/ c:ktfn egf{ ePsf w]/} 36gfx? b]lvP kl5 xfdLn] Toxf hfg] cf6 ug{ ;s]gf}+ . e]/L gbLsf] lt/sf] Sjf6/df a;]sf] a]nf lr;f] df};d /ftdf ;Ld;Ld kfgL kg]{ clg c:ktfnsf] sDkfpG8df ePsf] ?vx?sf] nxnx cfjfh / e]/L gbL au]sf] snsn cfjfh cfh klg d]/f] dfg;k6ndf tfhf 5 . Tof] If0f ;fRr} g} /dl0fo / cfgGbbfoL lyof] . t/ oxfFsf] ef}uf]lns ljs6tf ;Dembf sxfnLnfUbf] 5 . n]s / ef]6 lt/sf] uf=lj=;=df k'Ug %–^ lbg psfnf] lx8\g'kg]{, af6f]df cf]8f/df af; a:g'kg]{, o;/L psfnL cf]/fnL / lx8]/ g} nfdf] eGbf nfdf] b'/L l5rf]Ng' kg]{ afWotf /}5 oxfF . crfgs ladf/L kl/of] / t'?Gt} pkrf/ ug'{kg]{ ePdf oftfoftsf] s'g} ;fwg 5}g . slxn]sflx b'g}df x]lnsK6/ cfpg] cGoyf tn g]kfnuGh / ;'v]{t emg]{ s'g} pkfo 5}g . g]kfnsf] o:tf] las6 lxdfnL / kxf8L lhNnfx?df g]kfnLx? b'Mv / ef]sd/L;Fu h'Wg afWo 5g\ . vfBfGg b]lv l;d]G6, /8, kfO{k h:tf lasf; lgdf{0fsf ;Dk"0f{ ;/;fdfgx? x]lnsK6/af6} Nofpg'kg]{ /x]5 . Pp6f 9'+uf / l;d]G6sf] ;fwf/0f 3/ agfpg klg @@ b]lv @% nfv ?k}of vr{ nfUbf]/x]5 . Tof] klg 3/x?sf] 5fgfdf sf7 cf]5\ofP/ dflyaf6 df6f] lnlkPsf] x'bf]/x]5 . 7"nf] kfgL gkg]{ kfgL kl/ g} xfn] klg yf]/} ;Ld;Ld kg]{ ePsf]n] df6f]sf] 5fgfn] klg e/kbf]{ sfd ubf]{/x]5 . pAhfp vf;} s]xL gx'g] / cGo /f]hL/f]6Lsf] cfo>f]t klg s]xL gePsf] 8f]Nkfdf h]i7df n]sdf lxpF kUnLPkl5 kfOg] ofrf{s'De' l6k]s} e/df oxfFsf clwsf+z afl;Gbfn] k'/} aif{ el/sf] vfg] vr{ h'6fpbf /x]5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] cg'bfgsf] rfdn pknAw u/fpg] ePsf]n] anf}6] kfvf / v]tjf/L ePklg oxfFsf afl;Gbf v]tjf/Lsf] sfd gug]{ afgL k/]sf /x]5g\ . ko{6sx? cfpg] ePsf]n] xf]6]n Jojzfo / el/ofsf ?kdf Hofnf sdfpg] afx]s oFxf cGo /f]huf/L s]xL klg b]lvb}g . el/of / dhb'/Lsf] sfd klg ?s'd, hfh/sf]6 / /fd]5fkaf6 uPsf sfdbf/x?n] ubf{ /x]5g\ . o;/L 8f]NkfnLx?nfO{ cg'bfgsf] ?kdf rfdn / cGo vfBfGg 3/–cfugdf k'/\ofpbf /fHon] slxst} pgLx?nfO{ k/lge{/ agfPsf] / pgsf d]xgtL xftx?nfO{ sdhf]/ agfPsf] t 5}g eGg] k|Zg klg cfkm\gf] 7fFpdf oyfjt} b]lvG5 . las6 kxf8 / lxdfnsf 6'Kkfdf 3/x? b]lvG5g\, Toxf;Dd lx8]/ k'Ug klg xDd]–xDd] x'G5 . o;/L n]s b]lv a];L;Dd kmf§km'§ ePsf ;a} 3/x?df lasf;sf k"jf{wf/x? k'Ug cem sof} jif{ nfUg] lglZrt 5 cyft{ csf]{ zAbdf eGbf x/]s 3/df o;/L lasf;sf] k'jf{wf/ k'/\ofpg c;Dej k|fo b]lvG5 . d]/f] ljrf/df o;/L 5l/P/ /x]sf las6 e]usf hgtfnfO{ ;d]6]/ Pp6} ynf]df ;Dk"0f{ ljsfzsf k"jf{wf/x? k'/\ofO{ /fHosf] cg'e"lt u/fpg ;Sg'k5{ . x]lnsK6/af6 vfBfGg / cGo ;fdfu|L af]s]/ k'/\ofpgfn] ;DalGwt If]qnfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg ;lsb}g . To;sf/0f /fHosf] nfut Go'lgs/0f ug{] ul/ 7f]; gLlt, lbuf] / lb3{sflng ;dfwfgsf of]hgfx? agfOg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;/L /fHon] u/]sf] cNksflng 7"nf] wg/fzLsf] nufgL / o;af6 of] If]qdf x'g] lbuf] / lb3{sflng ljsfzsf] laZn]if0f ubf{ /fHosf] ;f]r / gLltdf g} kl/jt{g Nofpg'kg]{ xf] ls eGg] 7"nf] k|Zg lrGx b]lvG5 . 8f]NkfnfO{ glhsaf6 lgofNbf o:tf cg]sf}+ s'/fx? dg / dl:tisdf 3'Dbf]/x]5 .

d]/f] ;f]r===

10

cg'bfgsf] vfBfGg / cGo ;fdfu|L lnP/ uPsf] x]lnsK6/

8f]Nkfsf ljs6 kxf8x?df kmf§–km'§ b]lvPsf 3/x?

lxdfnL lhNnfx?df ;a}lt/ ofrf{s'De' l6Kgsf nflu lhNnfaf;L / l5d]sL lhNnfx?af6 klg ls/f l6Kg eg]/ xhf/f}+ dflg;x? n]sdf hfFbf /x]5g\ . n]s w]/} prfOdf x'g] / lxpF k/L cTolws lr;f] x'g] ePsf]n] lr;f]sf] sf/0f n]s nfu]/ w]/} hgf ladf/L kg]{, sf]xL sf]xLsf] t d[To' g} x'g] ubf]{/x]5 . n]s nfUg] eg]sf] cTolws lr;f] / clS;hgsf] sldsf sf/0f 6fpsf] / 5ftL b'Vg], cln al9 ePkl5 6fpsf] / kmf]S;f]df kfgL hDg] eO{ dflg;sf] d[To' x'g]/x]5 . xfdL c:ktfnsf] Sjf6/df a:bf a:b} sltj6f lj/fdL n]s nfu]/ NofOPsf] 36gf cfkm\g} cfFvf cuf8L b]Vg' k/\of] . lhNnf c:ktfndf ;d]t o:tf] 36gf / lakQLsf] cg'dfg ubf{ub}{ klg lt hgtfsf] hLjg/Iffsf] nflu :jf:Yo sld{ kl/rfng ul/Psf] b]lvPg . Hofg hf]lvddf kf/]/ ls/f l6Kg hfg] lo g]kfnLx?sf] hLjg/Iffsf] nflu ljz]if :jf:Yo 6f]nL g} t}gfy ul/g'kg]{ 68\sf/f] cfjZostf b]lvG5 . t/ c:ktfn / lhNnf :Jff:Yo sfof{nosf] cj:yf bolgo b]lvG5 . lhNnf c:ktfndf hDdf ! hgf 8fS6/ x'g'x'Fbf]/x]5 . jFxf klg k|fo tflnd / uf]i7Ldf g]kfnuGh / ;'v]{t u}/xg'kg]{ /x]5 . c:ktfndf clt cfjZos

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cf}ifwLx?sf] klg cefj /x]5 . 8f]Nkfsf] lhNnf c:ktfndf a;'Gh]n d;Fu} hfg'ePsf 8f= dxh{gn] c:ktfndf cfPsf ;a} lj/fdLx?nfO{ hfFrL plrt cf}ifwLx? :6f]/af6 vf]h]/ lbg'eof] . 8fS6/ x'g'x'G5 eGg] yfxf kfPkl5 Toxfsf c=x]=a=, x]=c=, g;{ / lj/fdL klg /ft lj/ft jFxfnfO{ u'xfg{ sf]7f d} cfpg yfn] t}klg 8f= dxh{gn] 7"nf] ;xof]usf] efjgf / ;xfg'e"lt b]vfpg' eof] . jFxfn] pbf/ dgsf ;fy lj/fdLx?sf] ;]jf ug{ bQlrQ ePsf] b]v]/ ;a} 5Ss k/]sf lyP / jFxfsf] of] pbf/ dg / ;dfh;]jL efjgfsf] d klg v'n]/ k|z+;f ug{ rfxG5' .

8f]Nkf lhNnf c:ktfndf 8f= dxh{g la/fdLx?sf] pkrf/ ub}{

Pp6f lj/fdL / p;sf] Tof] lk8f cfh klg ;Dembf d efjljef]/ x'G5' . Tof] l76f] hfh/sf]6af6 b'g} dflysf] 7fFu]+sf] n]sdf ofrf{s'De' l6Kg cfkm\gf ;flyx?;Fu cfPsf] /x]5 . n]sdf k'u]kl5 h'glbg ofrf{s'De' l6Kg z'?eof] To;}j]nf p;sf] k]6 b'Vg z'? eP5 . x'g t p;n] 9'+ufdf ttfPsf] afSnf] ds}sf] /f]6L / g'g–vf];f{gL vfPsf] /x]5 . n]sdf cTolws lr;f]sf] sf/0f @–# 306f;Dd cfuf] afn]/ ksfpg a;fn]sf] vfgf klg gkfSg] ePsf]n] vfgf sfFr} x'g]/x]5 . p;sf] k]6 b'Vg] ;fy} k]6 qmdzM km'Nb} uPkl5 p Tof] lk8f vKg g;s]/ ?g / n8La8L u/]/ 56\k6fpg yfn]kl5 Pp6f ;fyLnfO{ bof nfu]/ dg{ lbg'eGbf o;kfnL ls/f gl6kL o;nfO{ arfpF5' egL p;nfO{ lk7\o'df af]s]/ *–( 306fsf] af6f] cf]n]{/ b'g}sf] lhNnf c:ktfndf Nofof] . c:ktfndf Ps hgf klg 8fS6/ gePsf]n] Toxfsf] Ps hgf c=x]=a=n] 8f= dxh{gnfO{ /flt af]nfpg cfP / d klg 8f= dxh{g;Fu} s'b]/ uP . 8f= dxh{gn] p;nfO{ /fd|/L hfFRg'eof] . jFxfnfO{ Tof] s]6fsf] cfGb|f a6fl/Psf] jf Kjfn k/]sf] x'g;Sg] z+sf eof] t/ PS;\–/] -X–Ray_ / c6«f;fpG8 d]lzg eP klg rnfpg] sd{rf/L /x]g 5 . t}klg p;nfO{ laleGg b'vfO sd ug]{ cfjZos cf}ifwL / :n]g kfgL lbOof] . p;sf] k]6 km'Nb} uPsf] / k]6df xfjf el/Psf] lyof] . s]xL ;dodf p;sf] lk8f a9\g yfNof] . 8f= dxh{gn] hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] p;nfO{ g]kfnuGh jf ;'v]{t nu]/ ck|];g ug'{kg]{, l9nf] u/]df Hofg g} hfg ;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] s'/f atfpg'eof] . # lbg b]lv x]lnsK6/ klg cfPsf] lyPg ;fy} Toxfaf6 #–$ 306f lx8]kl5 h'kmfn Po/kf]6{ cfp5 t/ df};d lalu|Psf] sf/0f @–# lbg b]lv Kn]g klg cfPsf] lyPg . ljr/f Tof] k|s[tLaf6 7luPsf] l76f] /fte/L c:ktfnsf] xn g} u'GhLg] ul/ P]of–P]of eg]/ /f]O{ g} /x\of] . p;n] rf/ lbg b]lv s]xL vfgklg ;s]sf] lyPg .

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csf]{ lbg laxfg ;a}hgfn] p;sf] ;fyLnfO{ h'kmfn uP/ Kn]gaf6 g]kfnuGh nu]/ t?Gt ck|];g u/fpg ;Nnfx lbP / lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|d'vsf] ;xof]udf Pp6f el/of klg ;fy nufP/ k7fOof] . p;sf] ;fyLn] km]/L p;nfO{ af]s]/ h'kmfn lt/ lx8\of] . ljr/f Tof] s]6f] c:ktfnsf] u]6;Dd k'Ubf klg P]of–P]of eg]/ /f]lx/x]sf] lyof] . h'kmfnaf6 Kn]g kfOg] xf] ls xf]Og <, s] p jfRg ;S5 t < cfbL k|Zgx? xfd|f] dgdf /lx g} /x\of] . Tof] l76f]sf] dfofn] ;a}sf] cfFvf /;fPsf lyP . p;nfO{ b]Vo'Gh]n;Dd xfdLn] x]l/ g} /x\of}+ . w]/} k/ k'u]kl5 ha p b]lvg 5f8\of] clg xfdL sf]7f lt/ kmls{of}+ . of] 36gfn] xfd|f] dgdf olb crfgs o:tf] 7"nf] /f]usf] ;fdgf oFxf d}n] ug'{k/] s] xf]nf eGg] k|Zg plAhof] / dg 9Ss km'n]/ cfof] .

hfh/sf]6sf] Tof] la/fdL s]6f]nfO{ p;sf] ;fyLn] c:ktfnaf6 h'kmfn lnP/ hfFb}

;f]xL c:ktfndf kmfF;L nfu]/ d/]sf @ j6f nf; NofP/ /fv]sf] @–# lbg e} ;s]sf]/x]5 . cflwsfl/s 8fS6/ Ps hgf / jFxf klg g]kfnuGhsf] uf]i7Ldf x'g'ePsf]n] lt nf;x?sf] kf]i6df6{d x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . Tof] nf;x? dWo] Pp6f rfFxL Ps o'jtLsf] zj /x]5, a'em\bf yfxf eof] ;f] o'jtLsf] dfgl;s ;Gt'ng cln l7s gePsf] /x]5 . ljjfx ePsf] Ps aif{ gljTb} pgn] cfTdxTof u/]sL /lx5g\ sf/0f eg] v'Ng ;s]sf] lyPg . c:ktfndf ljr/f lt o'jtLsf afa' lk8fn] @ lbgb]lv ef}tfl//x]sf lyP . 5f]/Lsf] c;fdlos lgwg / zjnfO{ kf]i6df6{d gul/ hnfpg gkfO{g] ePsf]n] 8fS6/ slxn] cfpg'x'G5 / kf]i6df6{d xf]nf clg nu]/ bfx;+sf/ ug{ kfO{Pnf eg]/ s'/]/ a;]sf /x]5g\ . nf; uGxfpg yfln;s]sf]n] ;fob lhNnf k|x/L sfof{noaf6 klg t'?Gt cfpg cfu|x ePkl5 ToxL nf;x?sf] kf]i6df6{d ug{ jFxf g]kfnuGhaf6 8f]Nkf cfpg'eof] / ;f}efUojz xfdLn] klg lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nosf k|d'v jf egf}+ lhNnf c:ktfnsf 8fS6/;Fu e]6\g] df}sf kfof}+ .

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lhNnf c:ktfn leq nf;x? /flvPsf] zj–u[x / k|x/Lx?

xfd|f] e]6df xfdLn] ;Dk"0f{ /fli6«o vf]k cleofg / o;df b]lvPsf r'gf}tL / ;d:ofx?sf] af/]df cjut u/fof}+ . ;a} s'/fx? ;'g]/ jFxfn] ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;xof]ufTds efjgf / cfr/0f gePsf sf/0f ;d:of / r'gf}tLx? ylkPsf] eg]/ :kli6s/0f lbb} xfd|f] s'/fnfO{ l:jsf{g'eof] / ;fy} ef]nL g} km]/L laleGg uf]i7Lx? g]kfnuGhdf ePsf]n] kmls{g] s'/f hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no k|d'v /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofg h:tf] /fli6«o:t/sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ cGo sd{rf/Lsf] xftdf cgf}krfl/s ?kdf ;'Dkb} lhNnf 5f]8\g' / To;} a]nf s]Gb| / If]qn] laleGg tflnd tyf uf]i7Lx? ;+rfng ug'{ Pp6f a[xt laZn]if0f / ax;sf] laifo ePsf]n] o;nfO{ olx la6 dfg'{ pko'Qm xf]nf . lhNnf c:ktfndf k|d'v Ho"sf] sf]7fdf xfdLn] crfgs x'g] n'nf] lsl;dsf] kIf3ft nufot cGo vf]kåf/f hf]ufpg ;lsg] /f]ux?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] Pp6f cgf}krfl/s 5nkmnsf] sfo{qmd /fv]sf lyof}+ . To;df lhNnf c:ktfnsf k|d'v, cGo sd{rf/Lx? / Pshgf u|f=:jf=sf= bLbL klg x'g'x'GYof] . ;f] hfgsf/Lsf] sfo{qmd ;lsPkl5 Psl5g ;a} ldn]/ /dfO{nf] ukmufkm ul/of] . ukm s} qmddf u|f=:jf=sf= bLbLn] d]/f] 5f]/f5f]/L $ hgf 5g\ lt dWo] Pp6fnfO{ t kSs} 8fS6/ agfpF5' lsgeg] 8fS6/ ePkl5 uf]i7L / tflndx?df hfg kfFObf]/x]5 lhNnfdf a:g} gkg]{ /x]5 eg]/ xfF:g'eof] . d}n] klg /dfOnf] ub}{ eg] ufx|f] 5 lg bLbL 8fS6/ dfq} eP/ sxfF eof] / lhNnf :jf:Yo k|d'v x'g'k/\of] lg t . bLbLn] km]/L To;f] eP u|f=:jf=sf= g} agfpF5' eGg'eof] TolQs}df lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nosf gf=;'=n] klg d'v vf]nL xfn] To}t bLbL !) lbg xflh/ u/]/ dlxgf el/sf] tna vfg kfOg] u|f=:jf=sf=g} l7s 5 lg . o;/L 7"nf] xfF;f]sf] dfxf]n aGof] .

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lhNnf :jf:Yo k|d'v / cGo sd{rf/Lx?;Fusf] 5nkmn

lhNNff :jf:Yo sfof{no k|d'v / cGo sd{rf/Lx?;Fusf] 5nkmndf c:ktfn / hg–:jf:YonfO{ Jojl:yt agfpgdf If]q / s]Gb|n] klg /fd|f] ;xof]u ug{ g;s]sf], ;a}n] sfo{qmd ;Sg / cfkm\gf] 6fpsf]df ePsf] hf]lvd csf{sf] 6fpsf]df ;fg]{ v]n dfq e}/x]sf], ;a}sf] n's]sf] pb]Zo rfFxL cfkm\gf] JolQmut cfly{s nfe dfq} ePsf] elg jFxfx?n] ;Dk"0f{ ;do c?sf] uNtL cf}Nofpgdf g} vr{g'eof] . d]/f] ljrf/df of] k|j[lQsf] ?kdf jFxfx? Ps k|ltgLlw kfq dfq x'g'x'G5, jf:tjdf la8Djgfsf] s'/f rfxL s] xf] eg] xfdL ;a}n] ;a}sf nflu u'gf;fx? ug]{ dfu{ k|z:t u/]sf 5f}+ . æ;a} ;lRrP kl5 dfq d]/f] kfnf]Æ eGg] k|j[lQn] rfx]/ jf grfx]/ g/fd|f];Fu xfd|f] dl:tisdf h/f ufl8;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;fgf] ePklg ulDe/ k|Zg of] 5 ls ;lRrg] / ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] z'?jft ca ug]{ s;af6 < jf:tjd} xfdL x/]s If]q, tx / tKsfdf sfo{/t g]kfnLx?n] cfkm\gf] cGt/cfTdfnfO{ k|lt–k|Zg ug]{ a]nf cfO{;s]sf] 5 . jfb–ljjfb / 5nkmnsf] nflu u'gf;f / k|Zgx? hltklg t]:of{pg ;lsG5 / o:tf s'/fdf xfdL ;a} g]kfnL kf]Vt klg e};s]sf 5f}+ . t/ xfdLn] u/]sf] sfo{ / sfo{ k|lt xfdL slt O{dfGbf/ 5f}+ ;fy} ;f] sfo{af6 xfd|f] cGt/cfTdfdf cfTd–;Gt'li6 eof] ls ePg eg]/ knkn xfdLn] k|lt–k|Zg u/\of}+ eg] z'? ePsf] xfd|f] unt ofqf k'gM km]/L ;xL dfu{df lj:tf/} Nofpg ;lsGYof] xf]nf . o;/L ljt]sf] Ps xKtf xfdLn] b'g}df lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nosf] lgoldt vf]k ;];gsf] cj:yf, o;nfO{ cem Jojl:yt agfpgsf nflu laleGg 5nkmn / /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgsf] tof/L / Joj:yfkgdf ;Dk"0f{ lsl;dn] ;xof]u ul/;s]kl5 b'g} afx]s yk b'O{j6f uf=lj=;=x?df uP/ :jf:Yo rf}sLx?sf] ;]jfsf] kFx'r, lgoldt vf]k / xfd|f] /fli6«o vf]k cleofgsf] ;+rfng / se/]h x]g{ uPdf yk oyfy{ a:t'l:ylt yfxf kfOg] k|:tfj d}n] 8f= dxh{g / ;+ho d08nhLnfO{ /fv] . 8f= dxh{gn] tTsfn} d]/f] k|:tfjnfO{ :jLsfg'{ eof] .

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b'g}af6 pQ/ 7"nf] kxf8 s6]/ uPkl5 /x uf=lj=;= k'lug] / Tot}af6 kmf]S;'G8f] uf=lj=;= x'Fb} z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfn x]b}{ k'gM b'g} kms{g] of]hgf xfdLn] agfof}+ . t/ lhNnfsf vf]k ;'k/efOh/ ;+ho d08nn] /x uf=lj=;= w]/} dfly /x]sf] / kmf]S;'G8f] k'u]/ kms{g #–$ lbg nfUg] / las6 ePsf]n] lx8\g klg c7\of/f] x'g] s'/f atfP . t/ xfdLn] t];|f] lbg kmls{g] / b'g}df klg /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgsf] cjnf]sg ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf lyof}+ . /x uf=lj=;=sf c=x]=j= zDe' ofbjhL sfhdf lhNnf c:ktfndf v6fOg' ePsf] /x]5 . jFxf;Fu ;Nnfx ubf{ yfxf eof], cfktsflng cj:yfdf kmf]S;'G8f]sf :yfgLo afl;Gbfx? # lbgdf cfpg]hfg] u/]sf] s'/f atfPkl5 xfd|f] nflu of] 7"nf] r'gf}tL x'bfFx'b} klg xfdL jFxf;Fu} /x / kmf]S;'G8f] uf=lj=;=x? hfg] / ;f]xL ;do tflnsfdf kms{g] ul/ of]hgf agfof}+ . zDe' ofbjsf] JolQmut h?/L sfd ePsf]n] ef]lnkN6 laxfg el/df jFxfn] sfd ;ls;s]kl5 lbp;f] !!–!@ ah] lt/ lx8\g] 6'Ëf] ul/of] .

lhNnf :Jff:Yo sfof{no cGt{ut vf]k kmfF6nfO{ xfdLn] u/]sf s]xL ;xof]ux?

ef]lnkN6 !) ah] xfdL 8f= dxh{g / d tof/ eP/ lhNnf c:ktfnsf] k|fË0fdf k'Uof}+ . c:ktfndf lj/fdLx?sf] 3F'O{rf] /x]5 . c:ktfndf 8fS6/ gePsf] / 8f dxh{g 8fS6/ xf] eGg] yfxf kfP kl5 ;a} lj/fdLx? k'hL{ af]s]/ jFxfsf] k5f8L s'b\g nfu] / ljr/f lt 8f]NkfnLx? 8fS6/;Fu} d klg ePsf]n] of] klg 8fS6/ xf]nf eg]/ d;Fu klg lj/fdLx? k'hL{ lnP/ d]/f] 5]pdf cfP, ;fob d klg 8fS6/ ePsf] eP of] ;]jf ug]{ cj;/ d}n] u'dfplbg lyP xf]nf . t/ 8f= dxh{gaf6 ;a}n] :jf:Yo ;]jf k|fKt u/]sfn] d ;Gt'i6 rfFxL eP . xfdL;Fu !–@ 306f ;do ePsf]n] jFxfn] of] ;do klg ul/a / la/fdL 8f]NkfnLx?nfO{ g} lbg] lgwf] ug'{eof] / ;a} la/fdLx?nfO{ kfn}kfnf] hfFr]/ cf}ifwL / k|of]usf] ;Nnfx lbg'eof] . Tolts}df zDe' hL cfpg'eof] / xfdL nueu !@ ah]lt/ /x uf=lj=;= / o;sf] pk–:Jff:Yo rf}sL k'Ug Toxfaf6 k|:Yffg u/\of}+ . lhNNff c:ktfn eGbf dflysf] lazfn 8fF8f] 7f8} sf6\g' kg]{ /x]5 . nueu ;f9] b'O{ 306fsf] psfnf] s6]kl5 /x uf=lj=;=sf] # j6f j8fx? hf]l8Psf] Pp6f ufpF cfOk'Uof] . ufpFsf k|fo ;a} ofrf{s'De' l6Kg n]s lt/ nfu]sf /x]5g\ . Ps hgf a'9L xh'/cfdfn] cfkm\gf $–% j6f gfltgfltgfx?sf] x]/rfx u/]/ a:g'ePsf] /x]5 . jFxfnfO{ oL ;a} % aif{ d'lgsf s]6fs]6Lx?n] lxhf]cfh kf]lnof] yf]kf vfP cfdf eg]/ ;f]Wbf ev{/} vfPsf] s'/f atfpg'eof] . xfdLn] tL aRrfx?n] lgoldt vf]k klg kfP gkfPsf] af/] ;f]wk'5 u/\of}+ . /x uf=lj=;=df zDe' ofbjn] lgs} d]xgt u/]sf] b]lvof] .

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;a} ofrf{s'De' l6Kg n]s lt/ uPsfn] cfkm\gf gfltgfltgfx?sf] x]/rfx ub}{ Ps xh'/cfdf

k'gM xfdL Toxfaf6 psfnf] nfUof}+ . sl/a ;f9] b'O{ 306f cem} psfnf] lx8]kl5 /x uf=lj=;=sf= c? ltg–rf/j6f j8fx? ePsf] ufpF cfO{k'Uof] . / xfdL /x pk–:jf:Yo rf}+sLdf k'Uof}+ . xfdL;Fu /x pk–:jf:Yo rf}+sLs} OGrfh{ zDe' ofbj ePsf]n] ufpFdf ;a} lt/ x]g{ / 3'Dg ;lhnf] eof] . ToxfFsf xfd|f dlxnf bLbL alxgLx?n] s:t'/Lsf] bf/fx?n] ag]sf] dfnf nufpbf /x]5g\ . d}n] Pp6f bLbLnfO{ slt k5{ o;sf] d'No egL ;f]Wbf k|lt uf]6f ?=&)) ;Dd kg]{ s'/f yfxf kfOof] .

/x uf=lj=;= / xfdLx? ef]6] lrofsf] :jfb lnb}

Tolx Pp6f 3/df xfdLn] ef]6] lrof vfof}+ . ef]6] lrofdf g'g / rfOlgh l3p xfn]/ agfObf]/x]5 . zDe'hLnfO{ b]v]kl5 ;a} ufpFn]x? em'lDdbf /x]5g\ . lt ufpFn]x?n] clxn] n]sdf ofrf{s'De' l6Kg hfg] l;hg ePsfn] n]s nfu]/ la/fdLx? cfpg] ePsf]n] ;Sbf] rfF8f] pk–:jf:Yo rf}sLdf cfOlbg cfu|x u/] / jFxfn] klg d rfF8f] kms{G5' egL jrg lbg'eof] . jFxf c=x]=j= ePklg Tof] ufpFsf] nflu 7"nf] 8fS6/ x'g'x'Fbf]/x]5 . o;/L /xjf;LnfO{ jFxfn] lg/Gt/?kdf ToxfF a;]/ 7"nf] :jf:Yo ;]jf k'/\ofpg' ePsf] b]lvof] . To:tf] las6 / lk5l8Psf ul/a /xjf;Lx?;Fu zDe'hLn] !) aif{ latfO{;Sg' eP5 . ;f]emf] enfbdL b]lvg] zDe' ofbjhL ;Kt/L lhNnfaf6 hflu/sf] l;nl;nfdf 8f]Nkfsf] /x uf=lj=;= k'Ug' ePsf] /x]5 . jFxfn] klg !) jif{ d}n] o:tf] b'u{ddf lg/Gt/ ;]jf ubf{ klg d]/f] of] Tofusf]

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;sf/fTds d'NofÍg x'g g;s]sf] / Ps bzs eO{;Sbf klg ;'ud 7fpFdf hflu/ vfg] df}sf kfpg ;lsg eGbf xfdLnfO{ klg stf–stf lvGg nfu]/ cfof] . of] s'/fdf xfd|f] jFxf k|lt 7"nf] ;xfg'e"lt klg lyof] . jf:tjdf lj8Djgfsf] s'/f xf], clwsf/ ;DkGg JolQmTjx?sf] cuf8L jl/kl/ 3'Dg] t/ sfd k|lt OdfGbf/ gePsfx? ;w} ;'ud / ;'vdf b]lvG5g\ eg] d]xgtL / sfd k|lt OdfGbf/ ePsfx?sf] sfdsf] d'NofÍg x'g;Sb}g . g]kfndf slxn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d'NofÍg / ;f]xL cg';f/ b08 / k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf xf]nf, of] Pp6f ;r]t g]kfnLn] p7fpg] u/]sf] ulDe/ k|Zg xf] . o;/L /x ufpFaf6 cem xfdLnfO{ cfkm\gf] uGtJo lt/ cuf8L a9\g'kg]{ lyof] . nueu a]n'sf kfFr ah] lt/ ToxfFaf6 cf]/fnf] x'Fb} xfdL cuf8L a9\of}+ . ;fem kl/;s]sf] / le/sf] tn vf]N;f]df kmf]S;'G8f] gbL au]sf] sn–sn cfjfh Psf]xf]/f] cfO{/x]sf] lyof] . of] glb z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfnaf6 lgl:sPsf]n] o;sf] gfd klg kmf]S;'G8f] glb /flvPsf] /x]5 . xfdL klg lbgel/ lx8\bf lx8\bf lgs} g} yfls;s]sf lyof}+ . cf]/fnf] ;lsP kl5 xfdL kmf]S;'G8f] gbL s6]/ k'gM psfnf] nfUof}+, s]xL k/ uPkl5 7"nf] emf8L cfof] . r's cldnf] 3f]K6\ofP h:tf] cw]/L /ftdf emf8Ldf lx8\bf v/v/ cfjfhn] dnfO{ ;fx|} 8/ nfUof] / d]/f] 9's9'sL a9\g yfNof] . 8f= dxh{g / zDe'hL lgs} cuf8L ePsf]n] d}n] jFxfx?nfO{ b]Vg 5f]l8;s]sf] lyP . To;}n] af6f] e'n]/ cWof/f]df ToxL emf8Ldf cnkq kl/of] eg] cfh afFlrb}g eGg] 8/n] d cQflnP/ n8\b} k8\b} cf]/fnf]df af6f] g} gb]lv xtf;n] s'b\g yfn] . sl/j cf7 ah] /flt kmf]S;'G8f] glbsf] lt/df b'Oj6f 3/ ePsf] 7fpFdf xfdL k'Uof}+ / dnfO{ ca rfFxL afFlrof] eGg] nfUof] . Tof] 3/ Pshgf e'tk"j{ xjNbf/sf] /x]5 . Tof] PSnf; gbLsf] lt/df pgn] af; a:g] xf]6n klg rnfPsf /x]5g\ . of] 7fpFnfO{ ;fË6f elgbf]/x]5 .

;fË6fdf xfdL vfgf vfg a:b} / xfdLn] ;'t]sf] r§fgd'lgsf] 3/

xfdLnfO{ w]/} g} ysfO nfu]sf] / lbgel/sf] lx8fOn] ef]s klg w]/} nfu]sf]n] xft d'v wf]P/ vfgf vfof}+ . v'§f prfNg gx'g] ul/ b'v]sf] / k'/} z/L/ b'v]/ s6\s6L vfPsf]n] cf/fd ug{ dg nfu]sf] 5 stf xf] ;'Tg] 7fFp eg]/ ;'TgnfO{ r§fg d'lg agfOPsf] 5fk|f] lt/ uof}+ / cf]5\ofgdf n8\bf ;fRr} g} :jlu{o cfgGb cfPsf] lyof] . d olt w]/} yfs]sf] /x]5' ls v'§fdf a;]sf lemufFx? wkfpg v'§f xNnfpg klg dnfO{ lgs} j]/ nfu]sf] lyof] . laxfg km]/L p7]/ lx8\g' kg]{ lrGtf dgdf lyof] eg] lhp xftv'§f a];/L b'v]sf]n] /ftL 56k6L xf]nf eg]/ /fd|/L ;'TgnfO{ xfdLn] Ps–Psj6f a|'lkmg 6\ofjn]6 vfP/ ;'Tof}+ . ;fRr} g} /ft uPsf] kQ} ePg laxfg e};s]sf] /x]5 / xtf/ xtf/ ljxfgsf] lgTosfd ;s]/ Ps sk lrof e'tk"j{ xjNbf/;Fu} a;]/ vfFof}+ . ukm}–ukmdf xjNbf/hLn] 3/ dflysf] kfvfdf s:t'/L / 3f]/n ljxfg–ljxfg rg{ cfpg] atfP kl5 xfdL x]g{nfO{ s]xLj]/ xfd|f] Sofd/f t]/\of{P/ a:of}+ t/ gb]lvP kl5 ljxfg sl/j ;ft ah]lt/ xfd|f] ofqf z'? u/\of}+ . /ftel/ cf/fdn] ;'ltPsf] /

d]/f] ;f]r===

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ljxfgLkv v'§f clncln b'v]klg zl// rËf ePsf]n] gf}nf] pdË ;3fNb} /dfO{nf] ub}{ kmf]S;'G8f] gbLsf] lt/}lt/ xfdL psfnL cf]/fnL ub}{ cuf8L a9\of}+ . sl/a ! 306fsf] ofqf kl5 5]Ksf eGg] 7fpF cfof] / zDe'hLn] oxL s]xL vfg'kg]{ cGoyf af6f]df vfgf vfg] c? 7fpF gePsf] atfP kl5 xfdLn] rfprfp / ;'k vfof}+ / k'g cuf8L nfUof}+ . sl/a $ 306f lx8]kl5 Pp6f /\ofrL eGg] ufpF cfof], sl/a ^–& 3/ ePsf] Tof] ufpFsf ;a}hgf ofrf{s'De' l6Kg uPsf]n] sl/a sl/a ufpF g} vfnL / ;'g;fg lyof] . xfdLn] af6fdf e]6LPsf x/]s ufpF–3/df /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofg slxn] ;+rfng eof] < / % aif{d'lgsf s]6fs]6Lx?n] kf]lnof] yf]kf vfP gvfPsf] ;f]Wb} cuf8L al9/x]sf lyof}+ . lg/Gt/?kdf % 306f hlt lxl8;s] kl5 km]/L xfdL zfl//Ls ?kn] yfls;s]sf lyof}+ .

lx8\bf lx8\bf ylst eP/ lx8\g g;Sg] cj:yf ePkl5 la>fd lnb} d / 8f= dxh{g

d}n] zDe'hLnfO{ ;f]w] ca kmf]S;'G8f] :jf:Yo rf}sL k'Ug slt afFsL 5 < jFxfn] sl/a b'O{ 306fdf k'luG5 eGg'eof] . t/ zDe'hLn] xfdLnfO{ lg/fz gagfpg / lx8\gnfO{ pTk|]l/t ug{ !–@ 306f hlt ;do 36fP/ eGg'x'Fbf]/x]5 . t/ d}n] of] a'lem ;s]sf]n] dgdg} cem} y'K/} /x]5 eGg] nfUof] . /\ofrLaf6 sl/j $ 306fsf] ofqf kl5 aNn aNn kmf]S;'G8f] O{nfsf :Jff:Yo rf}+sL ePsf] ufpF cfO{k'Uof] . xfdL Toxf k'Ubf sl/j ;f9] $ ahL ;s]sf] lyof] . glhs}sf] af]l8Ë :s"ndf uof}+ / cfkm\gf] kl/ro lbof}+ . To:tf] b'u{d 7fpFdf klg xf]:6]n ;lxtsf] 7"nf] af]l8Ë :s"n / lzIfsx?nfO{ klg a:gvfgsf] leq} Joj:yf /x]5 . lzIfsx? sf]xL lrtjg, sf]xL kj{t, sf]xL alb{of t sf]xL emfkfaf6 Toxf hfg'ePsf] /x]5 . of] b]v]/ d]/f] sf}t'xntf emg\ a9]/ uof] . xfdLn] of] :s'nsf] af/]df la:t[t ?kdf hfGg rfx\of}+ . Tof] :s'nsf] gfd …6flk|hf :s'nÚ /x]5 . :jLh/Nof08sf] 6flk|hf e]/]g\ gfdsf] Pg=lh=cf]= / cGo :yflgo Pg=lh=cf]=sf] ;xof]udf ;f] ;/sf/L :s'nnfO{ o;/L Jojl:yt ?kn] ;+rfng ug{ ;lsPsf] /x]5 . of] :s'ndf !^) hgf ljBfyL{x? / *–( hgf lzIfsx? /x]5g\ . xfdLn] :Jff:Yo / lzIff b'j} dxTjk"0f{ ePsf]n] :jf:Yo ;]jf / :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] ;]jfsf] kFx'rsf] af/]df hfGg rfx\of}+ . t/ jFxfx? :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] ;]jfaf6 lg/fz x'g'x'Fbf]– /x]5 . O{nfsf :jf:Yo rf}sLsf ;a} :jf:Yo sld{x? 8f]Nkfsf] :yflgo afl;Gbf ePklg jFxfx? cf–cfkm\g} Jofkf/ Joj;fodf nfUg' ePsf]n] :jf:Yo rf}sL cnkq k/]sf] yfxf eof] . :jf:Yo rf}sL k|foM ;w} aGb x'g] ePsf]n] Tof] :s'n nufot ;Dk"0f{ :yflgo afl;Gbfx? lg/fz

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/x]5g\ . oxfF;DdsL ;fwf/0f ?3f, vf]sL / Hj/f]sf] cf}ifwL klg :s'nn] cfkm}n] lsg]/ /fVbf]/x]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yodf olt w]/} nufgL x'Fbfx'b} klg s]xLn] :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] dd{ ga'em\gfn] kmf]S;'G8f]af;Lx?n] ;xh tl/sfn] :jf:Yo pkrf/ gkfPsf] b]Vbf xfd|f] dg klg lvGgeof] .

6flk|hf :s'nsf lzIfs / laBfly{x?;Fu d 8f= dxh{g / d, aGb :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] 9f]sfdf xfdLn] Onfsf :jf:Yo rf}sL uP/ x]g]{ larf/ JoQm uof}+{ . lzIfsx?n] :jf:Yo rf}sLdf sf]xL klg gePsf] / tfNrf nfu]sf] 5 t/ glhs}sf] 3/df Pshgf dlxnf :jf:Yo :j+od ;]jLsf x'g'x'G5 / jFxf;Fu rfFjL x'g] jtfPkl5 xfdL rfFjL vf]n]/ :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] cj:yf x]g{ cuf8L a9\of}+ . :jo+d ;]jLsf bLbLnfO{ af]nfP/ tfNrf vf]ln xfdL leq k:of}+ . 6]jnel/ w'n} w'nf] /x]5, lgMz'Nssf cf}ifwLx? Toxf b]v]kl5 zDe'hLn] cfjZos ;fwf/0f cf}ifwLx? lzIfsx?nfO{ lbg'eof] . /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgsf] klxnf] r/0f a}zfvdf ePsf] ;a}nfO{ yfxf /x]5 t/ h]i7df ;+rfng x'g] elgPsf] bf];|f] r/0fsf] vf]k cleofgsf] af/]df dlxnf :jf:Yo :j+od ;]jLsf nufot :s'nsf lzIfsx? s;}nfO{ yfxf /x]g 5 . :jf:Yo rf}sL glhs} ofDrLx?sf] hl8a'6Lsf] cf}ifwL 3/ lyof] . jFxfx?n] ef]6 lt/ kfO{g] lr/fOtf], lznfhLt, kfFrcf}n], ;'Gwjfn cfbLjf6 ag]sf] cf}ifwL k|of]u ug{'x'Fbf]/x]5 . :jf:Yo rf}sLdf cfPsf k|fo ;a} la/fdLx? :jf:Yo rf}sL aGb ePsf]n] pkrf/ gkfPkl5 jFxfx?sf]df pkrf/sf nflu hfFbf/x]5g\ . :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] cj:yf x]bf{ ! jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?n] kfpg] lgoldt vf]k klg ;+s6df 5 ls eGg] k|Zg xfd|f] dgdf plAhof] / xfdLn] tn–dfly ;a} ufpFdf ! jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?n] lgoldt vf]k nufPsf] gnufPsf] ;f]Wof}+ . s]xLn] nufPsf / s]xLn] gnufPsf ldl>t k|ltlqmof kfOof] . o;/L ;Dk"0f{ :jf:Yo rf}sL ;DalGw cjnf]sg ul/;s]kl5 xfdLn] aflx/ xf]6ndf cfP/ Ps Ps sk lrof vfof}+ . a]n'sfsf] % ahL;s]sf] / Toxfaf6 z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfn k'Ug sl/a # 306fsf] psfnf] lx8\g'kg]{ /x]5 . cfh} dfly hfg kfP t ef]ln laxfg} tfn al/kl/ 3'd]/ a]n}df lx8\g kfOG5 / To;f] ePdf dfq ef]lnkN6 g} b'g} k'lug] s'/f ;f]r]/ dfly plSng] lg0f{o uof{}+ . ;a} hgf xfdL zfl//Ls ?kdf ylst e};s]sf]n] lx8\g vf;} dg gePklg lx8g'kg]{ xfd|f] afWotf lyof] . Pp6f lxGbL ædtf{ Sof glx s/\tfÆ eGg] pvfg eGb} xfdL lzIfsx? / :j+od ;]jLsf bLbLaf6 labf eO{ psfnf] nfUof}+ . z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfn k'Ug] of] clGtd psfnf] ;a}eGbf 8/nfUbf] gfs} 7f]SsLg] vfnsf] /x]5 . Tof] lbgsf] afFsL /x]sf] ePe/sf] zlQm nufpFbf klg Tof] psfnf] l5rf]Ng xfdLnfO{ xDd]xDd] k/\of] . d]/f] v'§f ;a}

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b'v]/ xftn] 3'8fsf] lhG; kfOG6df ;dfP/ v'§f tfGb} dfly a9\b} uP . t/ o;kfnL eg] d}n] zDe'hLnfO{ slt ;do nfU5 eg]/ ;f]lwg lsgeg] jFxfn] eg]sf] ;do eGbf emG8} 8Aan ;do nfUg] ePsf]n] lg/f; x'Og] 8/n] d}n] ;f]Wg] cf6} ug{ ;lsg . t/ af6f]df z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfn k/af6 b]lvg yfn]kl5 xfdL pT;flxt x'b} al/kl/sf lxpFn] 9fFlsPsf lxdfn / snsn au]sf] em/gfnfO{ lgofNb} s]xL a]/ 6Ss pleP/ nfdf]–nfdf] ;f; km]/\of}+ . /ft emdSs} eP/ sl/a * ah]kl5 xfdL dfly tfn glhs}sf] ;fgf] ufpFdf k'Uof}+ . ToxfF zDe'hLn] lrg]sf] Ps hgf s]=;L= ;/sf] k;n /x]5 . jFxfnfO{ e]6]kl5 z'De'hLn] a:g]–vfg] Joj:yf s] 5 eGg] s'/f ubf{ s]=;L= ;/sf vfgf vfg] / ;'Tgsf] nflu ToxLsf] :s'ndf jFxfsf] ;'Tg] sf]7fdf ldnfpg] s'/f ePkl5 xfdLn] xfd|f] ;fdfg ToxL la;fof}+ . s]=;L=;/ kj{taf6 cfPsf /x]5g\ / :s'ndf k9fpg] a:g] qmddf jFxfn] ToxL ljjfx ug'{ePsf] /x]5 . clxn] kmf]S;'G8f]df g} 7'nf] ls/fgf k;n vf]n]/ Joj;fo klg ug'{ePsf] /x]5 . Tof] 7fFp w]/} prfO{df ePsf] / jl/kl/ lxdfnn] 3]l/Psf] cgL a]:;/L lr;f] xfjf axg] ePsf]n] ;fx|} lr;f] x'Fbf]/x]5 . Tolts}df efph'n] tftf]–tftf] lrof lnP/ cfpg'eof] . lx8\bf lx8\bf yfs]sf] eP tfklg k;n leq a;]/ tftf] lrof lkpFb} ukm ug{ kfpbfF ;Dk"0f{ ysfO{ lal;{P/ /dfO{nf] u/\of}+ . TolQs}df vfgf tof/ e};s]sf]n] vfgf vfof}+ . xfdLn] kmf]S;'G8f]sf] /xg–;xg, z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfn / of] ko{6sLo If]qsf] lasf; / ;Defjgf cflbsf] af/]df s]=;L] ;/ oxfFsf] lgs} k'/fgf] jfl;Gbf e};Sg' ePsf]n] jFxf;Fu xfdLn] w]/} s'/f hfGg rfx\of}+ . ukms} qmddf jFxfn] b'O{hgf nf]Ug]dfG5] / Ps hgf o'jtLnfO{ af6f]df tkfO{x?n] e]6\g'eof] ls ePg < eg]/ ;f]Wg'eof] . xfdLn] pgLx?nfO{ ;fË6fdf e]6]sf lyof}+ o'jtLsf] d'v lg/fz lyof] / xfdLn] glrg]sfn] tL o'jtLnfO{ s] ePsf] xf] eg]/ ;f]w]sf lyPgf}+ . ltg} o'jtLsf] s'/f s]=;L= ;/n] lgsfNg'eof] / xfdLnfO{ s] ePsf] /x]5 egL hfGg v'Nb'nL eof] . ;'Gb}hfbfF xfd|f] dg s'l8P/ cfof]+ / PsfPs xfdL ;a} efj's x'gafWo eof}+ . hfh/sf]6af6 ljjfx ePsf] ev{/} @ dlxgf ePsf bDktL klg ofrf{s'De' l6Kg eg]/ kmf]S;'G8f]sf] n]sdf cfPsf /x]5g\ . lgDgju{sf lt bDktL b'j}hgfn] ofrf{s'De' l6Kg] / ;f] ofrf{s'De'x?nfO{ plrt bfddf a]r]/ Pp6f ;fgf] Jojzfo rnfP/ ;'vL bfDkTo hLjg ljtfpg] ;kgfx? dgdf ;+3fn]/ ToxfF cfPsf /x]5g\ . n]sdf ls/f l6Kg] qmddf pgsf] >Ldfg\nfO{ 6fpsf] b'Vg yfn]5 t/ olt 6f9faf6 vr{ u/]/ ofrf{s'De' l6Kg cfPsf]n] !–@ lbgdf l7s e}xfN5 ls eg]/ n]sdf g} a;]5g\ . t/ cTolws lr;f]sf] sf/0f la:tf/} p;sf] 6fpsf] b'Vg] / Zjf;–k|Zjf;df g} ;d:of cfpg yfn]kl5 ofrf{s'De' l6Kg g} g;Sg] eP/ w]/} la/fdL k/]kl5, p;sf] >Ldlt / c? b'O{hgf ;fyL eP/ p;nfO{ n]saf6 tn emf/]5g\ . a];L lt/ cfpFbf–cfpFb} ;fob p;sf] kmf]S;f]df kfgL hld;s]sf] /x]5 Sof/] ;f; km]g{ g;s]/ p;sf] c;fdlos lgwg eof] . a}jflxs hLjgnfO{ ;'vdo agfpg s]xL /sd h'6fpg] clg ;fgf] Joj;fo u/]/ c;n hLjg;fyL e} lhpg] ;kgf af]s]/ cfPsf gj–ljjflxt bDktLn] o:tf] s7f]/ cfTd–ljbf/s 36gfsf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ 5 eg]/ Ps dgn] klg ;f]r]sf lyPgg\ xf]nf . of] sfxfnLnfUbf] 36gf PSsf;L cfO{kbf{ ljjfx ePsf] b'O{ dlxgfdf g} >Ldfgsf] cfkm\g} cfFvf cuf8L 56k6fP/ d[To' ePsf] b]Vbf Tof] o'jtLsf] dg / dl:tisdf s:tf] ah|kft eof]xf]nf . pgL s]xLa]/ a]xf]; eO{5g\ / xf]; cfPkl5 cnfk–ljnfk u/]/ >Ldfgsf] d[t zl//df ?gs/fpg yfln5g\ . nf; af]s]/

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kmf]S;'G8f]sf] Tof] prfO{af6 hfh/sf]6;Dd k'/\ofpg klg g;lsg] ePsf]n] lt b'O{ ;fyLn] lt o'jtLnfO{ pgsf] >Ldfgsf] zjaf6 5'§fO{ Tof] nf;nfO{ ToxL ghLs}sf] lrxfgdf uf8]/ lt o'jtLnfO{ 3/ k'/\ofO{lbg 8f]/\ofpb} lnP/ uPsf /x]5g\ . jf:tjdf xfdLn] ToxfF uPsf] a]nf b]Vg / ;'Gg kfPsf] of] Pp6f x|bo–ljbf/s ljof]ufGt 36gf, Toxf 36L g} /xg] cg]s 36gfx?sf] Ps k|ltlgwL 36gf dfq xf] . ofrf{s'De' plrt /sddf las|L x'g] / oxfFsf lakGgju{sf hgtfsf] k|d'v cfo>f]t of] ePsf]n] pgLx? cfkm\gf] hLjg g} bfpdf nufP/ n]sdf ofrf{s'De' l6Kg hfg] s'/f oyfy{ xf] . pgLx? ;a}nfO{ of] hf]lvdaf6 arfpg To;df /f]s nufpg ;lsg] ;Defjgf g} 5}g / ;fy} lxdfnL e]udf ofrf{s'De'sf] Jofkf/af6 /fHosf] klg /fd|f] cfDbfgL x'G5 . t/ ;d:of / r'gf}tLsf] klxrfg ul/ of] l;hgsf] a]nf :yfgLo :t/df /fHosf ;+oGqx? k|efjsf/L ePsf eP, cfjZos cf}ifwLx? ;lxt :jf:Yo l;lj/x?sf] ;+rfng ePsf] eP / w]/} la/fdL ePsfx?nfO{ t'?Gt cfjZos 7fpFdf pkrf/sf nflu n}hfg] Joj:yf ldnfpg /fHon] laz]if kxnsbdL b]vfpg ;s]sf] eP ;fob o:tf] ljof]ufGt 36gfx?n] oL ul/a hgtfx?sf] ;+3{if/t hLjgdf yk ah|kft / cfFwLa]x/L cfpFb}gYof] xf]nf .

o;/L of] 36gf ;'Gbf xfdL ;a}nfO{ dgdf 56k6L eof] / cg]sf} k|Zgx? klg dgdf pAhLof] . /ftLsf] ;f9] !) ahL ;s]sf]n] xfdL sf]7f lt/ ;'Tg uof}+ . w]/} a]/;Dd dg g} ux|f} e} /x\of] . TolQs}df slt ah] ;'ltP5 yfxf g} ePg, p7\bf t laxfg e};s]sf] /x]5 . laxfgsf] lgTo sfd ;s]/ z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfn x]g{ hfgnfO{ xfdL tof/ eof}+ . s]=;L= hLn] lrof tof/ ePsf] atfPkl5 s]xLa]/ ukm ub}{ lrof vfof}+ / xfd|f] clGtd uGtJo z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfn x]g{ lgs} pT;flxt x'b} tfn tkm{ nfUof}+ . tfnsf] lsgf/df k'u]/ jfl/ b]lv kf/L;Dd z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfn / jl/kl/sf lxdfnx? lgofNb} nfdf] ;f; km]/\of}+ . olt 6f9f / oltw]/} prfO{df /x]sf] of] tfndf lgs} ;kmf s~rg lgnf] kfgL /x]5 . zDe'hLn] Sof/fefg lkmNddf g'g af]s]sf] rf}/L–ufO{ le/af6 n8]sf] b[Zo Tof] 8f8fFdf lvlrPsf] xf] eg]/ z]–kmf]S;'G8f]sf] blIf0fkl§sf] le/nfO{ b]vfpg'eof] .

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8f]Nkfsf] z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfn / …dÚ

z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfnsf] jl/k/L pleP/ xfdLn] lgs} kmf]6f] lvRof}+ . /fd|f] a:g] xf]6nx?, oftfoft / cGo lasf;sf k"jf{wf/x? agfpg g;lsPsf] sf/0f of] ;'Gb/ z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfn stf–stf pk]lIft ePsf] t xf]O{g eGg] nfUof] . olt w]/} /dl0fo 7fFp / lxdfnsf] sfvdf /x]sf] of] z]–kmf]S;'G8f]nfO{ ko{6sLo If]qsf] ?kdf cem lasf; ug{ ;lsPsf] eP oxfFsf :yflgo afl;Gbfx?n] klg /f]huf/L kfpg] lyP / Toxfsf] Aofkf/ Joj;fodf klg w]/} d2t ldNg] lyof] . o;/L /fHon] gLltut ?kdf g} of]hgf agfO{ oxfFsf] ko{6g k|j¢{g ug{ ;s]df ko{6sx?sf] cfudg cem a9fpg ;lsg] / ;fy} /fHon] klg /fd|f] cfDbfgL ug{;Sg] Jofks ;Defjgfx? af]s]sf] of] z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfndf xfjfn] xlNnP/ cfPsf kfgLsf 5fnx?n] xfdLnfO{ of] ;Gb]z /fHo;dIf k'/\ofOlbg laGtL ul//x]sf] dxz'; xfdLn] u/\of}+ .

z]–kmf]S;'G8f] tfn;Fu enfs';f/L ub} d / 8f= dxh{g

d]/f] ;f]r===

23

nueu laxfgsf] * alh ;s]sf]n] xfdLn] Tolx lbg b'g} kmls{g'kg]{ ePsf]n] ToxfFaf6 s]=;L=;/sf] k;ndf cfof}+ . xfdLn] kmf]S;'G8f] tfn glhs} ePsf] ;fgf] ufpFdf /fli6«o kf]lnof] vf]k cleofg / lgoldt vf]ksf] kFx'r Toxfsf] afnaflnsfx?;Dd k'u]sf] 5 ls 5}g egL x]g{ s]xLj]/ 3'Dof}+ . ufpFdf k|foM ;a} aRrfx?nfO{ emf8f–kvfnf nfu]sf] /x]5 . zDe'hLn] ;a}nfO{ xfdLn] cfkm\gf] nflu nu]sf] cf}ifwL afFl8lbg'eof] . xfdL s]=;L=hLsf]df k'Uof}+ / cgL labf eO{ xfdL cf]/fnf] nfUof}+ . @ 306fsf] cf]/fnf] nfu]kl5 k'gM xfdL 6flk|hf :s'ndf cfOk'Uof}+ . Toxfsf] lzIfsx?nfO{ e]6]/ ukm–ufkm ul/of] . ToxfF klg Pshgf ofrf{s'De' l6Kg uPsf] dflg; la/fdL eP/ n]s nfu]/ ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g] / 6fpFsf] b'v]/ cr]t cj:yfdf a;]sf] /x]5 . 8f= dxh{gn] Tof] la/fdLnfO{ x]g'{eof] / zDe'hLn] xfdL;Fu nu]sf] cf}ifwL jFxfnfO{ klg lbg'eof] / ef]nL;Dddf tkfO{sf] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ cfp5, 8/fpg' kb}{g eGb} ;a} lzIfsx? / laBfyL{x?;Fu labf eP/ xfdL cuf8L a9\of}+ . b'g} kms{bf rfFxL xfdLn] /x uf=lj=;=sf] psfnf] guP/ ;lhnf] af6f] kmf]S;'G8f]sf] lt/}lt/ sfO{ufpF lg:sg] ul/ tnsf] af6f] cfpg] of]hgf agfof}+ . a]n'sf;Dd b'g} k'Ug'kg]{ ePsf]n] lbgel/ xfd|f] ;do km6fkm6 lx8]/ g} laTof] . v'§f b'vfO{ a9\b} hfFbf lx8\g g;lsg] kf] xf] sL eg]/ a|'lkmg vfFb} xfdL cuf8L a9L g} /x\of}+ . km6fkm6L lx8\bf lbp;f] sl/a ;f9] # ah] lt/ xfdL ;fË6f cfOk'Uof}+ . ToxfF klg xfdLn] w]/} la>fd lng rfx]gf}+ / km]/L cuf8L a9\of}+ . sl/a a]n'sf % ah] lt/ xfdL sfO{ufpF k'luof] / kfgL klg l;dl;d kg{ yfn]sf], hf8f] klg ePsf]n] s]xLa]/ cf/fd u/]/ cuf8L a9\g] ljrf/ u/\of}+ . sfO{ufpF kmf]S;'G8f] / e]/L gbLsf] ;+ud :yn /x]5 . ToxfFaf6 cuf8L e]/L gbLsf] lt/}lt/ hfg'kg]{ /x]5 . k'gM xfd|f] ofqf z'? eof] . d w]/} yfls;s]sf]n] d]/f] d'vaf6 k|Zg lgl:sxfNof], d}n] ;f]w] zDe'hL slta]/ nfU5 cj b'g} k'Ug eGbf jFxfn] cj @ 306fdf k'luG5 eGg'eof] . d}n] a'lemxfn] eg]kl5 *–( ah] lt/dfq k'lug] /x]5 eg]/ . geGb} lx8\bf lx8\bf a|'lkmgn] klg sfd ug{ 5f]8L ;Sof], ;femF emdSs e} ;Sof] e]/L gbLsf] au/ slxNo} ;lsb}g . emG8} sl/a ( ah] lt/ xfdL xfd|f] c:ktfn leqsf] Sjf6/df k'Uof}+ . d+08n hLn] vfgfsf] Joj:yf ul/;Sg' ePsf] /x]5 / hfg] ljlQs} xftd'v wf]P/ vfgf vfof}+ . afFsL 5nkmn ef]nL u/f}nf eGb} xfdL ;a}af6 labf eO{ sf]7fdf cf/fd ug{ uof}+ . a'|lkmg / cGo cf}ifwL w]/} vfO{Psf]n] 8f= dxh{g / d]/f] k]6 kf]Ng yfln;s]sf] lyof] To;}n] 8fO{lhg vfP/ k]6nfO{ lzQn kfb}{ xfdL cf]5\ofgdf kN6Lof}+ . 8f]Nkfsf] of] ljs6tf / oxfF ef/L af]Sg] vRr8 / 3f]8fx? afx]s oftfoftsf] gfddf s'g} ;fwg 5}g . # lbg lx8]/ nv\t/fg k/]kl5 d}n] sf7dfG8f}+nfO{ ;Dem] k'/fgf] afg]Zj/af6 d}ltb]jL;Dd k'Ug lx8]/ klg dfq $–% ldg]6 nfUg] af6f] klg d cN5L u/]/ df]6/;fOsn r9\y] t/ oFxfsf jfl;Gbfx? s}of} lbg lx8]/ ofqf ubf{ /x]5g\ . cflv/df sf7fdfG8f}+ b]lv 8f]Nkf;Dd ;a} Pp6} b]zsf g]kfnLx? g} x'g\ t/ hLjgz}nLdf slt w]/} c;dfgtf 5, ljr/f oL lxdfnjf;Lx? . xfd|f] 8f]Nkfsf] ofqf nueu ;dfKt x'gnfu]sf]n] ;s] ef]nL jf geP kl;{;Dddf g]kfnuGh kmls{g] of]hgf agfof}+ . xfdLn] 8f]Nkfdf a;'Gh]n b]v]sf, ef]u]sf / dxz'; u/]sf x/]s If0f / 36gfx?nfO{ ;ldIff u/\of}+ . xfd|f] cfr/0f nufot w]/} s'/fx? ;'wfg'{kg]{ / ;fy} xfdL ;a}n] ;lRrg'kg]{ 68\sf/f] cfjZostfsf] dxz'; xfdLn] u/\of}+ . kN6]/ cfFvf lrlDn;Sbf klg 8f]Nkfsf x/]s 36gfqmdx? d]/f dfg;k6ndf emNemnL cfO{ g} /x\of] .

d]/f] ;f]r===

24

ef]nLkN6 b'g}df x]lnsK6/ cfpg] xNnf xfdLn] ;'g]sf]n] laxfg} p7\g] lalQs} xfdL tof/ eof} / cfh} ;'v]{tsf] nflu p8\g kfO{G5 eGg] cfz xfdLnfO{ lyof] . lbp;f];Dd x]lnsK6/ cfO{ kf] xfN5 ls eg]/ cfz ul/ g} /x\of}+ . vfgf vfP/ xfdL lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no uof}+ / kmf]S;'G8f];Ddsf] ofqfdf xfdLn] b]v]sf / dxz'; u/]sf /fli6«o vf]k sfo{qmd / lgoldt vf]k sfo{qmdsf af/] ;Dk'0f{ s'/fx? xfdLn] vf]k kmfF6sf ;+ho d08n / u'?ËhL ;dIf ;ldIff u/\of}+ . lbp;f] xfdL cl3Nnf] lbg b'g}df ;+rfng ePsf] kf]lnof] vf]k cleofgdf % aif{ d'lgsf aRrfx? 5'6]–g5'6]sf] x]g{ b'g} ahf/ lt/ uof}+ . lt; a6f 3/x?df / k;nx?df 3'd]/ ;f]Wbf s]xL aRrfx? otfptf uPsf]n] 5'6]sf] dfq kfO{of] . s]xL aRrfx?n] t lgoldt vf]k klg glnPsf] e]6LPsf]n] u'?ËhLnfO{ t'?Gt va/ ul/ Tof] ufpFdf c? aRrfx? klg x'g;Sg] / ToxfFsf] vf]k ;];g lsg k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf] /x]5 x]/L lbg / ;'wfg{sf nflu kxn ul/lbg cg'/f]w u/\of}+ . ;fFem k/]kl5 xfdL k'gM Sjf6/ lt/ cfof}+ . b'g}df x]lnsK6/ cfpg] ;Defjgf w]/} sd /x]sf] / xfd|f] 8f]Nkfsf] sfo{ klg ;dfKt e} ;s]sf]n] bf];|f] lbg xfdL ;Dk"0f{ hg–:jf:Yosf sd{rf/L nufot lhNnf c:ktfnsf sd{rf/L;Fu labf eO{ zDe'hLnfO{ klg xfd|f] ofqfdf ;xof]u ug'{ePsf]df laz]if wGojfb lbb} h'kmfn lt/ nfUof}+ . ;f9] # 306fsf] ofqf kl5 h'kmfn k'luof] / Kn]gsf] l6s6sf] nflu kxn ul/of] . a]n'sf laZj vfB sfo{qmdsf] x]lnsK6/ cg'bfgsf] rfdn lnP/ ef]ln cfpg] s'/f yfxf kfPkl5 xfdLn] laz]if kxn ubf{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 cGtu{tsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;f] x]lnsK6/df p8\g kfpg] k|fjwfg ePsf] / xfdL laZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] sd{rf/L ePsf] x}l;otn] p8\g kfof}+ / clGtd k6s Po/kf]6{df /x]sf 8f]NkfnLx?nfO{ xft xNnfpb} 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf] e'ld 5f]l8of] . kms{g] qmddf x]lnsK6/sf] ;fgf] em\ofnaf6 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf] kxf8 / kmf§km'§ b]lvPsf ;–;fgf 3/x?nfO{ lgofNb} 8f]Nkf a;fO{sf] qmddf xfdLn] ef]u]sf / b]v]sf 36gfqmdx?nfO{ :d/0f ub}{ xfdL 8f= dxh{g / d 6f]nfO{ /x\of}+ .

8f]Nkfsf] h'kmfn Po/kf]6{df laZj vfB sfo{qmdsf] x]lnsK6/af6 ;'v]{t kms{g] qmddf …xfdLÚ

d]/f] ;f]r===

25

s] ;]jfsf] efjgf, cfkm\gf] pQ/bfloTj, st{Jo / Ifdtf cg';f/sf] /fi6« / hgtfsf nflu ug{ ;lsg] ;dk0f{ jf:tjd} xfd|f] x|boaf6 xl6;s]sf] 5 / < olx qmddf xfdL ;a} cuf8L a9\g] xf] eg] gofF k':tfn] xfd|f] b]zsf] eljZosf] sNkgf s;/L ug]{ < oL cg'Ql/t k|Zgx?sf] kf]sf] xfdL ;a}n] Ps kN6 km'sfP/ x]g}{ kg]{ ePsf] 5 . 8f]Nkfsf] of] ofqf s0ff{nL c~rnsf] lxdfnL lhNnfdf d]/f] hLjgsf] klxnf] ofqf ePsf]n] d}n] b]v]sf, ;'g]sf / ef]u]sf 36gfx?n] d]/f] dl:tisdf hGdfPsf cg]sf}+ ;jfnx?nfO{ sf]/]/ zAbx?sf] dfWodaf6 of] cfTdj[tfGt agfPsf] 5' . d]/f] hLjgsf] x/]s If0f ha dnfO{ g]kfnsf] lk5l8Psf] s0ff{nL c~rn clg To;df klg 8f]Nkfsf] ofb cfpF5, Toltv]/ d}n] d]/f oL kfgfx? kN6fP eg] ;Dk"0f{ 36gfqmdx? d]/f] dfg;k6ndf km]/L PskN6 tfhf x'g]5 / dnfO{ laZjf; 5, o;n] dnfO{ ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf ;fy ;lRrb} hLjgsf x/]s uf]/]6f]df O{dfGbf/Lk"j{s bQlrQ eP/ sfo{ ug{ pTk|]l/t ug]{5 . ==========================================================================================================================

gd:sf/ .

8f]NkfsL Ps cjf]w gf/L cfkm\g} ;+;f/df afFrL/x]sL 5g\ .