Matched the items with the given words.

1.  increases the permeability of the kidney tubules to water

2. promotes growth of the Adrenal Cortex

3. Hypophysis

4. Adenohypophysis

5. Neurohypophysis

6. chemical secretions of the endocrine glands

7. Glands without ducts

8. Increases growth and maintenance of organs

9. promotes breast development during pregnancy

10. FSH and LH

11. stimulates powerful contractions of the pregnant uterus at the time of delivery

12. promotes growth of the Thyroid Gland

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Hormones• Chemical secretions

of the endocrine glands.

• Amino acid derivatives: are relatively small molecules that are structurally similar to amino acids.

• Peptide hormones: are chains of amino acids. This is the largest group of hormones.

The endocrine system is a chemical control system. It functions in conjunction with the nervous system to control the internal environment (homeostasis).

Endocrine Glands• Glands without ducts• secrete hormones (“to excite”) into

the intercellular spaces and they pass directly into the blood and are then distributed to all parts of the body via the circulatory system.

• Steroid hormones: the reproductive organs and the cortex of the suprarenal glands release steroid hormones.

• Eicosanoids: are small molecules with a five-carbon ring at one end and are released by most body cells.

located on the ventral surface, below the thalamus and the cerebrum, and above the pituitary gland. It contains several important centers which control body temperature, thirst, hunger, water balance, and sexual function

Coordinating centers in the hypothalamus regulate the activities of the nervous and endocrine systems by three different mechanism:

Pituitary glandA. Location 1. in Sella Turcica of sphenoid bone attached

to Hypothalamus by a stalk called Infundibulum

B. Structure 1. Anterior lobe – [glandular part] - Adenohypophysis2. Posterior lobe – [neural part] – Neurohypophysis

NeurohypophysisANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

• The primary function of ADH is to decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.

• ADH also causes the constriction of peripheral blood vessels, which helps to elevate blood pressure.

OXYTOCIN • stimulates powerful

contractions of the pregnant uterus at the time of delivery

• causes milk ejection from the lactating breast

Adenohypophysis

can be subdivided into three regions:

Growth Hormone (GH) - Somatotrophic Hormone (STH) 1. Increases Growth and

Maintenance of Organs by:

• stimulating protein anabolism

• promotes fat catabolism (use of fat rather than sugars for energy)

2. Abnormal Secretions of STH a. Gigantism- hypersecretion

during childhood (before epiphyseal plates close)

b. Acromegaly- hypersecretion during adulthood

c. Dwarfism- hyposecretion during childhood

d. Cachexia (Simmond's Disease)- hyposecretion during adulthood causes premature aging and atrophy of organs

Prolactin - (Lactogenic Hormone) 1. promotes breast development

during pregnancy

2. stimulates mammary glands to produce milk after delivery

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)- (Thyrotropin) 1. promotes growth of the

Thyroid Gland

2. stimulates the secretion of the Thyroid Hormone

Adrenocorticotropin- (ACTH) 1. promotes growth of the Adrenal Cortex

2. stimulates the secretion of Cortical Hormones

3. stimulates Fat Catabolism & Glycogenesis

Gonadotropins - FSH and LH 1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)a. Female• stimulates the Ovarian Follicles to

Develop and produce ova• stimulates the Ovarian Follicles to

secrete Estrogens

b. Male• stimulates the production of sperm• stimulates the secretion of

Testosterone

2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)a. Female• associated with FSH in

development of the Ovarian Follicles

• stimulates development of the Corpus Luteum following ovulation

• stimulates Corpus Luteum to secrete Progesterone

b. Male

• stimulates the Interstitial Cells to secrete Testosterone (also called Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone [ICSH])

ASSIGNMENT

Study the following:

• thymus gland• thyroid gland• parathyroid gland• adrenal gland