mxatvrul-stilisturi tendenciebi XX saukunis 70-iani wlebis qarTul ...

SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo universiteti

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakulteti

istoriis, arqeologiis da eTnologiis departamenti

rati CiburdaniZe

mxatvrul-stilisturi tendenciebi XX saukunis 70-iani

wlebis qarTul ferweraSi.

specialoba – xelovnebis istoria da Teoria

xelovnebis istoriisa da Teoriis doqtoris akademiuri

xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili

disertacia

mecnier xelmZRvanelebi: Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademiis

restavraciis, xelovnebis istoriisa da Teoriis fakultetis

sruli profesori ana kldiaSvili

baTumis xelovnebis saswavlo universitetis ganaTlebis, humanitarul

da socialur mecnierebaTa fakultetis sruli profesori

maia WiWileiSvili

baTumi 2013

1

sarCevi

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Tavi 1. XX saukunis qarTuli mxatvrobis ganviTarebis gzebi . . . . . . 8

Tavi 2. esma onianis mxatvruli meTodis stilisturi

Taviseburebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Tavi 3. Tamaz xuciSvilis dazguri ferwera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Tavi 4. gogi CageliSvilis Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi . . . . . . . 104

Tavi 5. sagnobriv-materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebi

vaxtang beselias SemoqmedebaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

gamoyenebuli literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

sailustracio masala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

2

Sesavali Temis aqtualoba. XX s-is qarTuli saxviTi xelovnebis ganviTarebis

sxvadasxva aspeqtis ganxilvisas TvalnaTliv ikveTeba ara marto is

etapebi, romelTac mxatvruli cxovrebis SefasebisaTvis gansazRvruli

mniSvneloba aqvT, aramed mravali mxatvruli movlena, stilisturi

mimarTuleba, romlebic miuxedavad Sinagani winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse

istoriisa, qarTul xelovnebaSi mkafiod gamoxatuli, individualuri

xasiaTisa Tu xelweris mqone mxatvarTa SemoqmedebiT aris

ganpirobebuli. Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvroba araerTgvarovani

movlenaa. naSromis kvlevis sagani gulisxmobs im axali qarTuli

mxatvrobis TaviseburebaTa analizs, romelmac safuZveli 1950-60-iani

wlebidan daido. es is periodia, rodesac saxviT xelovnebaSi

mimdinareobda mxatvruli formisa da sivrcis plastikuri

interpretaciis, suraTis kompoziciuri struqturis, wminda ferweruli

sawyisebis individualuri gaazrebis intensiuri procesi. sainteresoa is

faqti, rom es periodi Taviseburad exmianeba XX s-is dasavleT evropis

xelovnebaSi mimdinare Ziebebs.

1970-iani wlebis qarTuli ferweris Taviseburebebs am periodis

gamorCeul xelovanTa Semoqmedeba asaxavs. esma onianis, Tamaz

xuciSvilis, gogi CageliSvilis, vaxtang beselias, Semoqmedeba naTlad

warmoaCens am drois qarTul kulturaSi mimdinare procesebsa da

mxatvrul azrovnebaSi momxdar cvlilebebs.

aRniSnul mxatvarTa Semoqmedeba sawyisebs akademizmidan iRebs,

paralelurad mimdinareobs maT mier impresionizmis, postimpresionizmis

da sxvadasxva modernistuli mimdinareobebis Seswavla-aTvisebis procesi.

am safuZvelze aRmocenebuli TiToeuli maTganis Semoqmedeba

Taviseburad viTardeba da gansakuTrebul mxatvrul saxes iRebs.

mniSvnelovania is, rom Cvens mier SerCeuli mxatvrebis umetesoba dRemde

ganagrZobs SemoqmedebiT moRvaweobas da maTi mxatvruli Ziebebi dResac

aqtiur fazaSia. es saSualebas iZleva Tvali gavadevnoT TiToeuli

maTganis ganviTarebis gzas da davadginoT Tu ra formiT Camoyalibda

maTi SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebi.

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naSromis aqtualoba Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis ganviTarebis

uwyveti rgolis gaazrebaSi, mxatvruli problemebis gadawyvetis

istoriuli da kulturuli wanamZRvrebis obieqturi Tu subieqturi

mizezebis garkvevaSi mdgomareobs. aRsaniSnavia, rom samocdaaTianelTa

xelovnebaSi mimdinare procesebi mniSvnelovnad gansazRvraven

Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis saxes. qarTuli ferweris aRniSnuli

etapis Seswavla aseve aqtualuria erovnuli kulturuli fenomenis,

msoflio xelovnebis konteqstSi qarTuli mxatvrobis mniSvnelobisa da

adgilis gansazRvis TvalsazrisiT.

kvlevis mecnieruli siaxle. naSromis mecnieruli siaxle pirvel

rigSi ganpirobebulia imiT, rom qarTuli saxviTi xelovnebis

ganviTarebis es periodi arasdros yofila sagangebo kvlevis sagani.

xelovnebaTmcodneobiT samecniero literaturaSi ar arsebobs am

monakveTis mxatvruli procesebis amsaxveli naSromi. Cvens mier

gamorCeul mxatvarTa Semoqmedebaze sul ramdenime statiaa dawerili,

ZiriTadad samxatvro albomebis winasityvaobebis saxiT, sadac maTi

xelovnebis sakmaod zogadi mimoxilvaa mocemuli, isini samecniero

daskvnebsa da Teoriul analizs TiTqmis ar Seicavs. MZiriTadad

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs g. xoStarias, q. kinwuraSvilis, d. andriaZis, i.

qaraias calkeuli publikacebi. e. Oonianis SemoqmedebiTi gzis da

stilisturi Taviseburebebis analizs iZleva g. xoStaria mxatvrisadmi

miZRvnili albomis winasityvaobaSi. Aavtori gansazRvravs xelovanis

mxatvruli xedvis evolucias da iZleva misi SemoqmedebiTi gzis zogad

monaxazs, ferweruli amocanebis specifikis TvalsazrisiT warmoaCens

mxatvruli stilis ZiriTad aspeqtebs. amasTan erTad publikacia

warmoadgens rogorc e. Oonianis, ise saerTod am periodis qarTuli

ferweris istoriul konteqstSi gaazrebis cdas. T. xuciSvilis

Semoqmedebis zogierT aspeqts usvams xazs g. xoStaria mxatvris

albomisaTvis gankuTvnil winasityvaobaSi. Aavtori sagangebod aRniSnavs

mis saSemsruleblo ostatobas, ferweruli enis, masalis organul

SegrZnebas, rac T. xuciSvils qarTuli realisturi mxatvrobis

saukeTeso tradiciebis gamgrZeleblad warmoaCens. Gg. CageliSvilis

SemoqmedebiTi miRwevebis gaazrebis mcdelobas warmoadgens d. andriaZis,

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i. Qqaraias, q. kinwuraSvilis publikaciebi, romlebSic aseve zogadad,

mokled aris warmoCenili avtoris mxatvrul-esTetikuri mrwamsi da

Semoqmedebis safuZvlebi, individualuri xelweris specifikuri

niSnebi.Aam publikaciebSi miniSnebis donezea gamovlenili g.

CageliSvilis adgili da mimarTeba rogorc uaxles qarTul, ise

Tanadroul dasavlur xelovnebasTan. CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi

masalebidan faqtobrivad zogadi xasiaTis publikaciebic ki ar

mogvepoveba v. Bbeselias Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb. amdenad zemoxsenebuli

avtorebis mxatvruli xedva, ferweruli Taviseburebebi da adgili

Tanamedrove qarTul mxatvrobaSi saTanado gansazRvras saWiroebs. am

TvalsazrisiT sadisertacio Tema warmoadgens samocdaaTianelTa

Semoqmedebis, am periodis qarTuli ferweris kvlevis pirvel cdas.

gamokvleva aris mcdeloba erTgvarad Seavsos am sferoSi arsebuli

sicariele da mogvces samocdaaTianelTa moRvaweobis erTiani suraTi;

mxatvruli Ziebebisa da miRwevebis magaliTze warmoaCinos uaxlesi

qarTuli mxatvrobis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi, misi specifikuroba,

adgili da mniSvneloba Tanamedroveobis konteqstSi.

kvlevis miznebi da amocanebi. naSromi “mxatvrul-stilisturi

tendenciebi XX s-is 70-iani wlebis qarTul ferweraSi“ miznad isaxavs

Tanamedrove qarTul xelovnebaSi, kerZod samocdaaTianelTa

SemoqmedebaSi mimdinare mxatvrul-stilisturi procesebis kvlevas;

mxatvrul-stilisturi da istoriuli analizis fonze gansazRvros

axali qarTuli ferweris xasiaTi, ganaxorcielos im mxatvruli

garemoebebisa da midgomebis Seswavla-analizi, ramac ganapiroba

Tanamedrove mxatvarTa SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebi da maT namuSevrebSi

formaTqmnadobis konkretuli motivaciebi. naSromis amocanas

warmoadgens aRniSnul mxatvarTa qmnilebebis ideuri da meTodologiuri

safuZvlebis, mxatvrul-kompoziciuri Ziebebis, samocdaaTianelTa

ferweraSi mimdinare stilisturi procesebis analizi.

kvlevis meTodi. XX s-is qarTul ferweraSi ramdenime etapi

gamoikveTeba, maT Soris erT-erTi 1960-70-iani wlebia. sadoqtoro Tema

swored samocdaaTianelTa SemoqmedebiTi Taviseburebebis kvlevas exeba.

kvlevisaTvis gamoyenebulia mxatvrul-stilisturi analizis meTodi, rac

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gansazRvravs am periodis mxatvarTa moRvaweobis erTian suraTs, mis

specifikurobas da adgils Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovnebis istoriaSi.

kvlevis meTodologia efuZneba xelovanTa SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis,

individualuri mxatvruli xelweris Seswavlas Cveni qveynis istoriuli

da kulturuli ganviTarebis konteqstSi.

naSromis Teoriuli da praqtikuli mniSvneloba. naSromSi ganxilulia

Tanamedrove qarTul xelovnebaSi, kerZod, 1970-iani ww-dan 2000-ian ww-mde

qarTul ferweraSi mimdinare mxatvrul-stilisturi procesebi.

gamokvleva garkveulwilad Seavsebs Cvens codnas Tanamedrove qarTuli

kulturisa da xelovnebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. sakvlevi Temis mizani da

Sedegebi ganapirobebs naSromis praqtikul Rirebulebas. igi daexmareba

qarTuli xelovnebis, ferweris istoriiT dainteresebul pirebs, rac

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes specialuri kursis, leqcia-seminarebis

mosamzadeblad.

disertaciis struqtura da Sinaarsi. sadisertacio naSromi

“mxatvrul-stilisturi tendenciebi XX s-is 70-iani wlebis qarTul

ferweraSi“ Sedgeba Semdegi Tavebisagan: Sesavali, Tavi I – “XX saukunis

qarTuli mxatvrobis ganviTarebis gzebi», Tavi II _ “esma onianis

mxatvruli meTodis stilisturi Taviseburebebi“, Tavi III _ “Tamaz

xuciSvilis dazguri ferwera“, Tavi IV – “gogi CageliSvilis

Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi“, Tavi V – “sagnobriv-materialuri da

grZnobadi sawyisebi vaxtang beselias SemoqmedebaSi“, daskvna. naSroms

Tan erTvis gamoyenebuli literaturis sia, vizualuri masala saTanado

ilustraciebis saxiT.

moxsenebis saxiT warmodgenili iyo sadisertacio naSromis Semdegi

nawilebi:

1. profesor-maswavlebelTa samecniero konferencia. sakonferencio Tema

“portretuli saxeebi vaxtang beselias SemoqmedebaSi”. SoTa rusTavelis

saxelmwifo universiteti. 2008 weli, 17 maisi, baTumi.

2. saerTaSoriso konferencia “humanitaruli mecnierebebi informaciul

sazogadoebaSi”. sakonferencio Tema “sagnobriv-materialuri da

grZnobadi sawyisebi vaxtang beselias ferweraSi”. SoTa rusTavelis

saxelmwifo universiteti. 2010 weli, 29-30 maisi, baTumi.

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3. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis 75 wlisTavisadmi

miZRvnili humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis doqtorantTa I

samecniero konferencia. sakonferencio Tema “esma onianis ferwera 1960-

70-ian wlebSi”. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti. 2010 weli, 30

oqtomberi, baTumi.

4. magistrantTa da doqtorantTa meore saerTaSoriso samecniero

konferencia (saxelovnebo mecniereba, praqtika, menejmenti).

sakonferencio Tema “esma onianis ferweris zogierTi aspeqti”. ilias

saxelmwifo universitetis xelovnebis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti.

2011 weli, 23 – 25 maisi, Tbilisi.

5. profesor-maswavlebelTa samecniero konferencia. sakonferencio Tema

“Tamaz xuciSvilis Janruli ferwera”. baTumis xelovnebis saswavlo

universiteti. 2011 weli, 25 noemberi, baTumi.

6. respublikuri samecniero konferencia profesorebisa da

mkvlevarebisaTvis “XXI s-is qarTuli xelovneba msoflio konteqstSi“.

sakonferencio Tema “stambolis seria gogi CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi”.

ilias saxelmwifo universitetis xelovnebis samecniero-kvleviTi

instituti da baTumis xelovnebis saswavlo universiteti. 2012 weli, 24-26

seqtemberi, baTumi.

sadisertacio naSromis garSemo gamoqveynebuli gvaqvs:

1. “portretuli saxeebi vaxtang beselias mxatvrobaSi“. samecniero

Sromebis krebuli “xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi etiudebi I“, gamomcemloba

“SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti“. 2008 weli, baTumi.

2. “sagnobriv-materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebi vaxtang beselias

ferweraSi“. saerTaSoriso konferenciis masalebi “humanitaruli

mecnierebebi informaciul sazogadoebaSi“_II gamomcemloba “SoTa

rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti“. 2010 weli, baTumi.

3. “esma onianis mxatvruli meTodis stilisturi Taviseburebebi“.

samecniero Sromebis krebuli “xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi etiudebi III“.

gamomcemloba “universali“. 2011 weli, Tbilisi.

4. “Tamaz xuciSvilis Janruli ferwera“. samecniero Sromebis krebuli

“xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi etiudebi IV. gamomcemloba “xelovnebis

universiteti“ 2011 weli, baTumi.

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5. “Some Aspects of Esma Oniani ’s Painting”. Arts Reaserch Institute of Ilia state University

naSromi gamoqveynda inglisur enaze ilias saxelmwifo universitetis

magistrantTa da doqtorantTa meore saerTaSoriso samecniero

konferenciis eleqtronul krebulSi. 2012 weli. www.Iliauni.edu.ge

http://www.iliauni.edu.ge/

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Tavi I. XX saukunis qarTuli mxatvrobis ganviTarebis gzebi

XX saukunis qarTuli xelovneba saintereso da zogjer

urTierTsawinaaRmdego movlenebiTaa aRsavse. saukunis dasawyisidanve

masSi mTeli simwvaviT dgeboda rogorc konkretuli mxatvruli, ise

zogadi xasiaTis problemebi, romelTagan erT-erTi tradiciisa da

novaciis sakiTxi iyo. albaT gardauvali iyo, rom saqarTvelos

istoriis, saxelmwifoebriobis da kulturis qvakuTxeds, maradiul

dilemas warmoadgenda mudmivi WoWmani aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs

Soris. es naTlad aisaxeba qarTul mxatvrobaSic, romelSic saukuneebis

ganmavlobaSi erTmaneTs Taviseburad gadaWdobia am ori kulturis –

dasavlurisa da aRmosavluris niSnebi.

aziisa da evropis gzajvaredinze mdebare saqarTvelo odiTganve

CarTuli iyo msoflio kulturul procesebSi. uZveles warsulSi is

Zveli aRmosavleTis, Semdgom ki elinisturi samyaros kulturul

arealSi iyo moqceuli, qristianobis miRebis Semdgom is rogorc

marTlmadidebluri samyaros nawili bizantiuri kulturis wreSi moeqca.

bizantiis imperiis dacemis Semdeg muslimanuri qveynebis garemocvaSi

moxvedrili saqarTvelo qristianobis forpostad iqca am regionSi da

iZulebuli iyo mTeli Zalebi qveynis fizikurad gadarCenisaken miemarTa.

XIV saukunidan moyolebuli calkeul nawilebad daSlil qveyanaSi

kulturuli cxovreba mainc grZeldeboda – Sendeboda da ixateboda

eklesiebi, miniaturebiT imkoboda wignebi da a. S. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom im

Znelbedobis Jams Cveni kultura mowyvetili iyo msoflio kulturul

orientirebs, erTgvarad amovardnili iyo civilizebuli samyaros

ganviTarebis erTiani kalapotidan. yovelive aman gamoiwvia is, rom

qarTuli kultura, da kerZod, saxviTi xelovneba _ mxatvroba, XVIII

saukunis bolomde Sua saukuneebis marwuxebSi rCeboda.

1801 wels saqarTvelo iZulebuli gaxda ruseTis imperiis

SemadgenlobaSi Sesuliyo, ris Sedegadac qveyanam daisvena mudmivi

Semosevebisa da omebisagan, magram saqarTvelos es Zvirad daujda _ man

dakarga Tavisufleba, politikuri damoukidebloba, ruseTma gaauqma

bagratovanTa samefo taxti, saqarTvelos uZveles eklesias CamoarTva

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avtokefalia. miuxedavad yovelive amisa qveyanaSi TandaTan simSvidem

daisadgura, ramac kulturuli cxovrebis aRmavloba gamoiwvia.

saqarTvelos, qarTvel mxatvrebs kvlav miecaT saSualeba dasavleTidan

mieRoT axali SemoqmedebiTi impulsebi. swored am dros eyreba

safuZveli realistur dazgur ferweras saqarTveloSi _ Cndeba metad

saintereso fenomeni e. w. Tbilisuri portretuli skola.

“Tbilisuri portretuli skolis” wanamZRvarTagan, upirveles

yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia Tavad qarTuli sawyisi _ saqarTvelos Sua

saukuneebis kedlis mxatvrobaSi arsebuli “saero” qtitoruli

portretis xangrZlivi tradicia, romelic am skolis formirebis Jams

erT-erTi warmmarTveli komponenti iyo. meore, aseve uaRresad

mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgenda imdroindel saqarTveloSi sakmaod

kargad cnobili iranuli mxatvrobis tradicia. am skolis stilisturi

saxis damkvidrebaSi, udavod, arsebiTi roli Seasrula evropuli XVIII

saukunis meore naxevris qarTulma paradulma portretebmac.

am skolis warmomadgenlebi qmnian rogorc individualur, ise jgufur

da ojaxur portretebs, romlebSic naTlad Cans “Zveli”, anu

tradiciuli xelovnebisa da axali xelovnebis niSnebi _ porobiTobisa

da realizmis Tanaarseboba. Tbilisuri portretuli skola

warmoadgenda erTgvar gardamaval safexurs Zvel da axal xelovnebas

Soris. is jer kidev mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli Suasaukuneobriv

tradiciasTan.

“XIX saukunis pirveli naxevris qarTuli Tavadaznauruli portreti

e.w. “tfilisuri skola” qarTuli xelovnebis istoriis GRirsSesaniSnavi

mniSvnelobiT, TavisTavadobiTa da maRali RirsebiT gamorCeul

movlenaTa rigs ganekuTvneba, romelSic gansakuTrebuli simZafriT

gamovlinda qarTuli erovnuli xasiaTi. am skolis nawarmoebebi Tavisi

TviTmyofadi, Taviseburi saxiT sruliad gansxvavebulia ara marto

Tanadrouli, aramed ufro adreuli da Semdgomi periodis rogorc

evropuli, aseve aRmosavluri mxatvrobisagan” (ciciSvili 2000:5).

XIXs-Si axali kulturis formirebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili miuZRviT

ucxoel mxatvrebs, isini xSirad Camodiodnen TbilisSi, romelic mTeli

kavkasiis kulturul centrs warmoadgenda. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom

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mravali ucxoeli mxatvari (p. frankeni, l. longo, f. rubo, v.

vereSCagini, l. lagorio, l. premaci, r. zomeri da sxv.) ara marto

Camodioda da muSaobda TbilisSi, aramed rCeboda kidec samudamod

sacxovreblad.

amgvarad, saqarTveloSi nel-nela fexs ikidebda manamde ucnobi

dazguri ferwera. ucxoelebis gverdiT gamoCndnen qarTveli mxatvrebic,

romlebmac profesiuli, akademiuri ganaTleba ruseTsa da evropaSi

miiRes. axali qarTuli ferweris pirveli Taobis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen:

giorgi maisuraZe, romanoz gvelesiani, aleqsandre beriZe, daviT

guramiSvili, gigo gabaSvili, aleqsandre mrevliSvili da mose ToiZe.

maT ricxvSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia gigo gabaSvils, romelic

XIXs-is qarTuli mxatvrobis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da

gamorCeuli warmomadgenelia. g. gabaSvili jer peterburgSi, Semdeg ki

miunxenis akademiaSi swavlobda. misi nawarmoebebis diapazoni sakmaod

farToa _ is aris portreti-tipis, peizaJisa da naturmortis pioneri

qarTul mxatvrobaSi, man Seasrula qarTuli kulturis moRvaweTa da

aristokratiis warmomadgenelTa portretebis mTeli galerea, qmnida

batalur scenebsac. g. gabaSvils gansakuTrebiT izidavda saxasiaTo

tipaJi, igi qmnida saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxisa da sxvadasxva

socialuri fenis warmomadgenelTa portretebs, magram es namuSevrebi ar

iyo portretebi tradiciuli gagebiT, radgan mxatvari masSi

warmoadgenda ara adamianis individualur niSnebs, mis ganwyobas, Sinagan

samyaros, aramed, iZleoda mis socialur daxasiaTebas; igi anzogadebda

saxes da qmnida saxasiaTo tipaJs. amdenad, es namuSevrebi portretisa da

sayofacxovrebo Janris zRvarzea. cxadia, g. gabaSvili ar iyo didi

gaqanebis Semoqmedi. igi mxolod mis garSemo arsebul realobas, xilul

samyaros asaxavs, romelsac yovelgvari sirTuleebis gareSe aRiqvams. mas

ar ainteresebs Sinagani konfliqtebi, sulieri gancdebi, dramatuli

koliziebi, igi Sorsaa lirikulobisa da romantikulobisagan, Tumca

mxatvari naturisadmi gulgrili rodia _ peterburgsa da miunxenSi is

iTvisebs realisturi ferweris mravalferovan stilistur niSan-

Tvisebebs, rogorc teqnikur-formaluri ostatobis, ise ideuri

TvalsazrisiT, magram amuSavebs da gadmoscems maT sakuTari

11

individualuri “saxis”, mxatvruli xedvisa Tu gemovnebis Sesatyvisad. g.

gabaSvili srulyofilad flobs realisturi mxatvrobis principebsa da

meTods, misi suraTebi xan TiTqmis naturalisturi sizustiT, naTeli,

daxvewili koloritiTa da faqizi weris maneriT xasiaTdeba, xan mdidari

tonaluri gradaciebiT, Tamami da Tavisufali weris maneriT, cocxali

faqturuli zedapiriT, ferwerulobiT gamoirCeva.

g. gabaSvilis mxatvrobam konkretul drosa da sivrceSi _ XIX s-is

bolo aTwleulsa da XX s-is dasawyisisaTvis, romelic misi

Semoqmedebis yvelaze nayofier periodad aris miCneuli, gansakuTrebuli

roli iTamaSa. man erT-erTma pirvelma gaafarTova qarTuli mxatvrobis

Tvalsawieri, safuZveli Cauyara sxvadasxva Janrs, daamkvidra

nacionaluri Tematika, Tumca formiT misi xelovneba Sors iyo erovnuli

tradiciisagan. g. gabaSvilTan, ise rogorc bevr sxva mis Tanamedrove

mxatvarTan, ar idga erovnuli formis sakiTxi. aseve Sors iyo misi

Semoqmedeba XIX s-is meore naxevris evropuli mxatvrobisganac,

samagierod igi gansakuTrebul siaxloves rusuli, kerZod ki

“peredviJnikuli” skolis tradiciebTan amJRavnebda. mxatvari sicocxlis

bolomde am principebis erTguli darCa, mis stilsa da gemovnebas droTa

ganmavlobaSi arsebiTi cvlilebebi ar ganucdia.

am periodis mxatvruli realobis tipur movlenad unda CaiTvalos

mose ToiZis Semoqmedeba, romelic firosmanaSvilis gverdiT dgas axali

qarTuli mxatvrobis saTaveebTan. rogorc g. xoStaria aRniSnavs, XXs- is

qarTuli xelovneba iwyeba n. firosmanaSvilisa da m. ToiZis

mxatvrobidan. oRond firosmanis fesvebi qarTul tradiciaSia, m. ToiZe

ki ganaTlebas peterburgSi iRebs. Tavidan igi rusuli realisturi

ferwerisa da ilia repinis mimdevrad gvevlineba, SemodgomSi ki mis

mxatvrobaSi Tavs iCens is problemebi, romlebic “peredviJnikebis” axali

Taobisa da sxvadasxva gaerTianebis mxatvrebisaTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli;

“magram es ar niSnavs m. ToiZis SemoqmedebiT damokidebulebas rusul

ferweraze. misi mxatvroba, romelic xasiaTdeba individualobiTa da

TavisTavadobiT, maRali profesiuli ostatobiT, rusuli ferweris

paralelurad viTardeboda”(arseniSvili 2001:3). m. ToiZe pirveli

mxatvaria, romelic grZnobs drois tendenciebs, wyvets sxvadasxva

12

mxatvrul amocanebs _ gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa misi ferwerul-

koloristuli Ziebebi da udidesi interesi ganaTebis problemisadmi. m.

ToiZe im mxatvarTa rigs miekuTvneba, romelTa xelovneba aqtiuri

SemoqmedebiTi evoluciiT xasiaTdeba. am TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia misi

moRvaweobis adreuli periodi, rodesac Cans mxatvris cocxali interesi

im mravalferovani da intensiuri SemoqmedebiTi procesebis mimarT,

romelic XXs –is dasawyisis rusul da evropul xelovnebaSi

mimdinareobda. gansxvavebiT g. gabaSvilisagan, romlis mxatvroba

monumentur, tipizebul tendenciebs avlens, m. ToiZe qarTul mxatvrobaSi

dazguri tendenciebis damamkvidrebelia. Tu gabaSvilisaTvis ufro

axlobelia samyaros, movlenebisa da sagnebis ganzogadebuli aRqma, m.

ToiZisaTvis movlenebis individualoba, konkretuli ganumeoreblobaa

niSandoblivi.

axali qarTuli mxatvrobis pirveli Taobis istoriul misias is

warmoadgenda, rom gaWianurebuli Sua saukuneebisa da XIX s-is Sua

aTeuli wlebis gardamavali safexuris Semdeg qarTuli ferwerisaTvis

daemkvidrebinaT axali realisturi xelovnebis poziciebi, “dasweodnen”

evropuli xelovnebis renesansul monapovars. esaa metad mniSvnelovani

etapi qarTuli mxatvrobis istoriaSi, TiTqos TavisTavad uferuli,

magram “muSa” periodi, romlis drosac realisturi mxatvrobis

damkvidrebis amocana XX s-is mijnaze da mis pirvel aTwleulSi

daZleul iqna.

WeSmariti mxatvruli alRo, arsebiTis aRqmis da ganzogadebis

saocari unari, nawarmoebTa epikuri monumenturoba, aRbeWdili epoqis

sevdiT da Sinagani tragizmiT, niko firosmanaSvils XX s-is genialur

SemoqmedTa rigebSi ayenebs. misma mxatvrobam “daitia” qarTuli

xelovnebis mravalsaukunovani tradicia da, amave dros, Tanamedrove

JReradobac SeiZina.

Ffirosmanis Semoqmedeba gansakuTrebuli fenomenia Tanamedrove

qarTul xelovnebaSi. giorgi xoStarias mosazrebiT, misi mxatvruli

stili gulisxmobs sapirispiro meTodebis, kerZod monumenturi da

dazgur-realisturi wyobiseuli niSnebis integrirebas erTian organul

mxatvrul mTlianobaSi. aSkarad ikveTeba genetikuri kavSiri

13

gvianfeodaluri xanis freskul mxatvrobasTan, aseve gviani xanis

saflavis qvebis reliefebTan (leJava 2006:15). Mmisi qmnilebebis

Tavisebureba amasTanave ganpirobebulia damkveTisa da dakveTis xasiaTiT,

kerZod, abrebis, maTi funqciuri moTxovnebiT. Ffirosmanis mxatvruli

meTodi XIX_XX ss. Mmijnaze Camoyalibda; igi warmoadgens

SemakavSirebel rgols monumenturi mxatvrobis tradiciebsa da axali

qarTuli mxatvrobis ganviTarebaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, naTelia, rom

firosmanis Semoqmedebam zemoqmedeba moaxdina axali Taobis qarTvel

mxatvrebze da saerTod, axali qarTuli mxatvrobis saxeobiT sistemaze.

Gg. xoStaria suraTebis mxatvrul-formaluri rigis gansakuTrebul

ostatobazec saubrobs, rodesac firosmanis suraTis mxatvrul wyobas

XX saukunis dasavluri mxatvrobis udides ostatebs adarebs. marTlac,

gasaocaria formis ganzogadeba mxatvruli saxis utyuari sizustis

SenarCunebiT, saxviT saSualebaTa minimalizaciiT miRweuli maqsimaluri

gamomsaxveloba, kompoziciuri metyvelebis arnaxuli lakonizmi, xSirad

mxolod sami-oTxi feris gamoyenebiT saocari ferweruli metyveleba da

a. S.

Famrigad, firosmani arsebobs imave droul sivrceSi, romelSic

Caisaxa da ganviTarda dasavluri kulturis iseTi yovlismomcveli

movlena, rogoricaa modernizmi. Mmisi xelovnebis zogadi wyobiseuli

maxasiaTeblebi esadageba Tanamedrove mxatvrobis im problematikas,

romelic idga modernistuli mxatvrobis winaSe XX saukunis pirvel

aTwleulebSi. Aavangardisa da firosmanis urTierTmimarTebisa Tu

naTesaobis sakiTxisaTvis liana anTelava-mamalaZe iseT aspeqtebs

gamohyofs, rogoricaa: evrocentrizmis uaryofa da kulturis Zlieri

orientalizacia; antiimitaciuri ferweris koncefcia, romelmac

mxatvruli Semoqmedebis veqtori mimarTa qvecnobierebis fenomenisaken;

orientacia primitiuli an TviTSemoqmedebis “dabal formaze”; gmiris

masiuri impersonalituri xasiaTi da Tavad mxatvris mZafrad

individualuri, pirovnuli TvalTaxedva; realisturi esTetikis

miuRebloba da sxv. Emodernistuli xelovnebis es umniSvnelovanesi

principebi firosmanisaTvis organuli da TavisTavadia.

14

firosmans arasodes uswavlia xatva, man ar icoda anatomia, sworad

ver agebda figuras, ar flobda perspeqtivis kanonebs, ganaTebisa da Suq-

Crdilis gadmocemis xerxebs, magram es verafers aklebs mis Semoqmedebas.

piriqiT, SesaZloa, swored es “aSiSvlebs” firosmanis uSualobas,

gulwrfelobas, sixalases. cxadia, misi Tematika garkveulwilad

SezRudulia, magram mxatvris namuSevrebSi ar SeiZleba ar davinaxoT

samyaros harmoniuli mTlianobis aRqmis unari, rac karga xnis

dakarguli hqonda imdroindel adamians. firosmanis suraTebis xilvisas

Cndeba SegrZneba, rom mas yvelaferi gaazrebuli aqvs, magram

sinamdvileSi yovelive TavisTavad xdeba. igi arasodes cdilobs naturis

“imitacias” da formis pirobiTobis farglebSi rCeba, riTac aSkarad

amJRavnebs genetikur kavSirs Sua saukuneebis qarTul xelovnebasTan;

tradicia mkacr, TavSekavebul koloritSic iCens Tavs. firosmani ar

xatavs detalebs, samagierod SesaniSnavad gadmoscems asaxulis arss. igi

maxvilad iWers saxasiaTos, tipiurs da axerxebs ganzogadebas. swored

amitom misi namuSevrebi erTian samyaros warmoadgenen, romelSic bunebac,

cxovelebic, adamianebic Sinaganad garindebulni, seriozulni, erTnairad

mniSvnelovanni arian da sakuTar TavSi TiTqos kosmosis mTlianobasa da

sibrZnes atareben.

“firosmanaSvilis mxatvrobaSi Taviseburi yovlisaRmomacenebeli

“pirveladobaa”, saRvTo siuxviT, madlmosilebiT aRsavse. igi miwierisa

da sazeos jerac ganuyofeli erTobaa, romelic sufevs kaxur

“mravalJamierSi”, tradiciul qoreografiaSi, saflavis qvebis

gulmisaval “vizionebSi” Tu sxvagan. bunebrivia, yvelaze didi sisruliT

es erToba xorcSesxmulia Cvens qristianul taZrebSi. firosmanTan

gancdaSi, xilvaSi sworedac “taZrulobaa” gadamwyveti. misi Semoqmedeba

gamsWvalulia eklesiis sivrcis nostalgiiT, Tumca sakuTar droSi mas

sxva rigis ferweris Seqmna daekisra” (leJava 2006:15).

firosmani gancalkevebiT dgas XX s-is 10 – 20-iani wlebis qarTul

mxatvrobaSi. sazogadod ki es periodi Zalze saintereso da

mravalferovania qarTul kulturaSi. Tu firosmani intuiciurad,

bunebrivad agrZelebs qarTuli xelovnebis mravalsaukunovan tradiciebs,

amave periodSi SemoqmedebiT asparezze gamosuli mxatvarTa jgufi

15

sruliad cnobierad isaxavs miznad Seqmnas, erTis mxriv, Tanamedrove,

dasavluri tipis xelovneba da, meores mxriv, SeinarCunos kavSiri

sakuTar fesvebTan, SeinarCunos TviTmyofadoba, raTa ar gaiTqvifos da

daikargos Tanamedrove xelovnebis globalur nakadSi. es mxatvrebi

arian:P daviT kakabaZe, lado gudiaSvili, dimitri SevardnaZe, valerian

sidamon-erisTavi, aleqsandre cimakuriZe, elene axvlediani, qeTevan

maRalaSvili, Salva qiqoZe. yovelma maTganma gansxvavebuli kvali datova

– zogi tradicionalisti iyo, zogi avangardisti, magram maTi

SemoqmedebiTi miswrafeba da suliskveTeba _ erTiani. isini Tanamedrove

qarTuli mxatvrobis damfuZneblebi iyvnen, “erovnulSi” ki yoveli

maTgani Tavisas, sakuTari TviTmyofadobisaTvis ufro misaReb da

axlobel formebs poulobda. es mxatvrebi Tavis droze ruseTisa da

evropis wamyvan samxatvro skolebSi swavlobdnen, mogzaurobdnen,

ifinebodnen; Semdgom ki 1920-iani wlebis bolos saqarTveloSi

dabrundnen da aqtiurad Caebnen qveynis mxatvrul cxovrebaSi.

TiToeuli es mxatvari mkafio individualizmiT gamoirCeva. es iyo

Zlieri, saintereso pirovnebebis epoqa. maT Soris erT-erTi wamyvania

daviT kakabaZe _ inteleqtuali, racionaluri azrovnebis unariT

gamorCeuli adamiani. safrangeTSi yofnisas igi qmnis parizis Canaxatebs,

akvarelur serias _ “bretani”. mas aqvs kubisturi namuSevrebi,

abstraqciebi. konstruqciul-dekoratiuli kolaJebis seriaSi igi iyenebs

xes, metals, minas, sarkes; aseve qmnis abstraqtul qandakebebs. Yyovelive

es ukve tipiuri modernistuli xelovnebaa da Tanac maRali donis,

romelic aravis ar hgavs. Tavad d. kakabaZe parizSi mowyobil 1928 wlis

gamofenis katalogSi werda: “plastikuri forma arsebobs yovelgvari

TxrobiTobisa da Sinaarsis gareSe... dRevandel adamians axali

plastikuri forma esaWiroeba”_ es erTgvari manifesti iyo, romelSic

drois moTxovna srulad aisaxa. “XX saukunis msoflio xelovneba rTul

da winaaRmdegobriv sistemad yalibdeba. impresionizmma, kerZod, sezanis

mxatvrulma koncefciam saTave daudo axal mxatvrul-saazrovno meTods,

romelic Taviseburad daiSala fovizmSi, kubizmSi, abstraqcionizmSi.

daviT kakabaZis mxatvrulma meTodma am poziciebis erTgvari morigeba

ikisra. Aam gagebiT, kakabaZe ar yofila arc mxolod kubisti, arc

16

dadaisti, arc abstraqcionisti. Mmisi Semoqmedeba warmoadgens erTgvar

“stilgareSe xazs”. Eesaa SemoqmedebiTi pozicia mxatvrisa, romelic

iTavsebs epoqis damaxasiaTebel stilur tendenciebs da arsebiTad, arc

erTi maTganis mimdevari ar aris. kakabaZem Tavis SemoqmedebaSi

urTierTgamomricxavi mxatvruli koncefciebis SeTanxmeba scada da

amaSic gamJRavnda misi renesansul-tolerantuli suli, samyaros xedvis

universaluri paTosi”( andriaZe 1989:105). Aam poziciidan gamomdinare

sruliad gasagebia misi cnobili imereTis peizaJebis ciklis naxevrad

abstraqtuli xasiaTi. zemodan danaxuli usasrulo sivrce, tilos mTel

sibrtyeze lokaluri feradovani laqebiT Seqmnili xaliCiseburi,

mozaikuri naxati iSviaTi emociurobiT aRsavse suraT-xatebs qmnis. aq

darRveulia perspeqtivis kanonebi da saerTod realisturi peizaJis

principebi. pirobiToba, sibrtyobrioba, abstrahireba _ is Tanamedrove

saxviTi saSualebebia, romelsac am dros iyenebdnen, magram d. kakabaZis

peizaJebi saocrad qarTulia da imereTis, saqarTvelos am erT-erTi

ulamazesi kuTxis, bunebis ganzogadebul saxes SesaniSnavad warmoaCens.

d. kakabaZis novatorulma Ziebebma sabolood swored “imereTis” seriaSi

moiyara Tavi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTeli Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi

cxovrebis manZilze, igi anzogadebda mSobliuri imereTis xedebs, eZebda

rac SeiZleba srulyofil mxatvrul-racionalur saSualebebs, raTa

peizaJis obieqtur Tvisebebze dayrdnobiT misi abstrahirebuli xati

Seeqmna.

Tu daviT kakabaZe abstrahirebas mimarTavs, meore am periodSi moRvawe,

mkafio individualobis mqone mxatvari lado gudiaSvili mxatvrul

xerxad formis stilizaciasa da utrirebas iyenebs da amiT Zlier

eqspresiulobas aRwevs. l. gudiaSvilis mxatvrobis safuZveli erovnuli

xelovnebaa_Sua saukuneebis kedlis mxatvroba, gvianfeodaluri xanis

miniatura Tavisi sparsuli gavlenebiT, qarTuli CuqurTma,

reliefi.LmasTan Sua saukuneebis xelovnebis saxviTi ena gardaisaxeba da

eqvemdebareba Tanamedroveobis principebs. gudiaSvilis SemoqmedebiTi

meTodisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia urTierTkavSiri realobasa da

fantastikurs, danaxulsa da SeTxzuls, naturulsa da gardaqmnils

Soris. mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi pirobiTad ori mTavari Tematikuri wre

17

ikveTeba: pirveli dakavSirebulia Zveli Tbilisis bohemasTan da e. w.

“kintoebis serias” qmnis. meore wres Seadgenen legendebi da fantaziebi,

romlebSic Cndeba istoriuli siuJetebi, TanamedroveTa romantizebuli

portretebi, cekvis scenebi, folklorTan dakavSirebuli miTebi,

alegoriebi da a. S., romlebSic bevri ram Taviseburad aris gaazrebuli.

l. gudiaSvili arRvevs anatomiis normebs, ar erideba sxeulis nawilTa

an sagnebis deformacias. kompoziciis agebas, figuraTa ganlagebas da

zogjer moxazulobasac mxatvari umorCilebs garkveul dekoratiul-

ornamentul ritms. aRsaniSnavia, rom kompoziciuri wyobis ornamentul

sawyisTan dakavSirebulia mxatvris mier sivrcis axali gageba, masTan

sivrce TiTqos neitralizebulia sibrtyiT. Kkonturuli naxati ar

izRudeba mxolod Tavisi arsebobiT sibrtyeze, moculoba Serwymulia

xazTan, romlis meSveobiTac miRweulia moculobisa da sibrtyis

mTlianoba. gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis amgvari interpretacia

suraTis arsis gadmocemas emsaxureba da nawarmoebis xasiaTis gaxsnas

amZafrebs, rac avtoris mxatvruli enis Taviseburebebis ganmsazRvrelia.

elene axvledianma SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweoba axali qarTuli

xelovnebis CamoyalibebisTanave daiwyo. misi niWis TviTmyofadoba

gansakuTrebiT naTlad gamomJRavnda mxatvris peizaJur ferweraSi.

peizaJebis ZiriTad Temebs igi saqarTvelos bunebis usazRvro

mravalferovnebaSi poulobda. ucxoeTSi yofnis drosac ki faqizad

grZnobda MmSobliuri qveynis silamazes. Ee. axvledians izidavda

intimuri xasiaTis landSafturi peizaJebi, romlebic gadmogvcemen

weliwadis Tu dRis sxvadasxva dros. aseTebia panoramulad, farTod

danaxuli qalaqis xedebi, kuTxeebi. man Seqmna Zveli Tbilisis, quTaisis,

Telavis, siRnaRis poeturi saxeebi, romelTa cxovelxatuli mdebareoba

da Zveli arqiteqturis Tavisebureba axalgazrdobidanve izidavda;

aRsaniSnavia, rom isini mxatvris mier yovelTvis axleburadaa aRqmuli.

e. axvledianis kompoziciebi gaazrebuli da gawonasworebulia. igi wers

mkvrivad da pastozurad. misi funjis monasmebi xan swrafia da msubuqi,

xan ki erTmaneTSi SeumCnevlad gardamavali, roca feri ferSia

Serwymuli, TiTqos gadamdnari; mxatvris koloriti Rrmaa da JReradi,

xandaxan odnav mimqrali; misi naxati wmindaa da kuTxovani, swored is

18

aniWebs mxatvris tiloebs, maT feradovan wyobasTan erTad, im mZafr

gamomsaxvelobas, rac amJRavnebs grafikis erTgvar gavlenas ferweraze.

e. axvledianis namuSevrebs axasiaTebs daxvewili feradovneba,

dekoratiuloba, xedvis moulodneli wertilebi; epikuri sivrceebi

masTan xan gaxsnilia, xan ki peizaJidan TiTqos amokveTili kadrebi

mayurebelTan axlos aris motanili. buneba _ usasrulobaSi gadaSlili

mTa-velebi, Tu erTmaneTze daxvavebuli saxlebis saxuravebi, ostatis

xasiaTis gamomxatvelia. am romantikul, STagonebiT Sesrulebul

suraTebSi mxatvars sakuTari damokidebuleba Semoaqvs: `igi xan

mTrTolvare da cvalebadi, xan mziuri da gaRimebuli, xan moRuSuli,

gulCaTxrobili da kuSti, xan rbili, morcxvi, liriulia” (privalova

1980:4), amitomac, sruliad samarTlianad, e. axvlediani `ganwyobilebis

peizaJis” erT-erT yvelaze gamoCenil warmomadgenlad iTvleba.

unda vaRiaroT, rom es xana (1910-dan – 30-ian wlebamde) erT-erTi

yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani etapia XX s-is qarTul

xelovnebaSi. “ocianelebi” faqtiurad pirvelebi svamen erovnulobis

problemas, isini sagangebod ufiqrdebian “avtonomiuri”,

“literaturulobisagan” Tavisufali formis sakiTxebs. maTi

miswrafebebi ukavSirdeba specifikuri erovnuli formis, gamosaxvis

erovnuli metyvelebis Ziebas. “es amocana axla ukve Segnebulad ismoda,

upirveles yovlisa, swored kakabaZis da gudiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi.

garda mxatvarTa “praqtikisa”, amas mowmobs d. kakabaZis _ am Taobis

erTaderTi Teoretikosis nawerebic, romelTa arss warmoadgens

Tanamedrove erovnuli xelovnebis amocanaTa gaazreba: xelovneba

erovnuli da, imave dros, Tanamedrove, erovnuli Tavisi arsiT,

samuzeumo stilizaciis gareSe da amasTanave XX saukunis

moTxovnilebaTa doneze mdgomi. am “moTxovnilebebSi” igulisxmeboda

rogorc konkretuli, materialuri movlenebi industriuli saukunisa,

ise fsiqologiuri faqtorebic, Tanamedrove adamianTa sulieri

cxovrebis specifika” (beriZe 1989 : 3). amrigad, tradiciisadmi axleburma

midgomam, misgan organulad aRmocenebis survilma, msoflio xelovnebis

Tanadroul mimdinareobebTan ziarebam Seqmna pirobiTad 1920-iani wlebiT

saxeldebuli, uaRresad saintereso da TavisTavadi mxatvroba.

19

Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis pirveli ayvavebis am etaps mosdevs

daaxloebiT ormocdaaTwliani “sabWoTa periodi”. saqarTvelos

gasabWoebis Sedegad “amuSavebulma” ideologiurma presma da “rkinis

fardam” kidev erTxel amoagdo qarTuli kultura bunebrivi

ganviTarebis kalapotidan. yvelasaTvis kargad cnobili lozungi _

“sabWoTa xelovneba unda iyos formiT socialisturi da SinaarsiT

erovnuli” _ Tavisufal Semoqmedebas aRar utovebda saarsebo sivrces.

totalitaruli wyoba uxeSad iWreboda adamianis cxovrebis yvela

sferoSi da mkacr ideologiur marwuxebSi aqcevda yovelive adamianurs,

SemoqmedebiTs. socialisturi realizmis meTodi devnida yovelive

specifikurad mxatvruls, individualurs; realizmis cneba dayvanil iqna

vulgarul naturalizmamde, romelic gamoricxavda mxatvrul wyobas,

enas. amasTan mas yalbi optimizmiT unda aesaxa mZime realuri yofa.

amgvarma zewolam udidesi ziani miayena xelovnebas. “Zalze damRupveli

SedegebiT aisaxa es procesi mxatvrul produqciaSi. d. kakabaZe saerTod

uars ambobs abstraqciaze, misi suraTebi TandaTanobiT kargaven

mxatvruli enis specifikas. uaRresad damRupveli iyo es etapi l.

gudiaSvilisaTvis _ kargavs ra Tavis asaxvis sagans, igi cdilobs

SeinarCunos SemoqmedebiTi Tavisufleba, magram faqtiurad iketeba

sakuTar TavSi, aSkarad xelovnuri xdeba, ikargeba misi mTavari Rirseba

_ sizuste, misi pirobiTi, magram Zalze metyveli enis damaxasiaTebloba.

q. maRalaSvilTan, iseve rogorc e. axvledianTan, moWarbda iluzionizmis

elementebi. faqtobrivad maT veRarasodes SeZles im uSualobis da

sixalasis aRdgena, romelic 1910 - 20-ian wlebSi axasiaTebdaT”

(xoStaria 2002:190). Mmiuxedavad yovelive amisa, qarTuli socrealizmic

ki Tavisi xasiaTiT mkveTrad gansxvavdeboda metropoliis

socrealisturi xelovnebisagan. ra Tqma unda, saqarTveloSic iqmneboda

beladTa pompezuri portretebi, scenebi muSaTa da kolmeurneTa

cxovrebidan, magram qarTul mxatvrobaSi SemoqmedebiTi impulsi mainc

arsebobda. saqarTvelo garkveuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi inerciiT kidev

inarCunebda 1910-20-iani wlebis qarTuli xelovnebis etapobrivi,

kanonzomieri ganviTarebis gezs, romelic dasavluri Tanadrouli

kulturuli tradiciis gaziarebiT da misi erovnul WrilSi gadawyvetiT

20

ganisazRvreboda. es TiTqosda paradoqsuli fenomeni ganapiroba im

faqtorma, rom mxatvrebi naxatSi realisturi meTodis moTxovnas

icavdnen, maT hqondaT enis gamovlenis saSualeba zeTSi, formis

SedarebiT Tavisufal ZerwvaSi, feris tonalur-koloristul wyobaSi.

“gamorCeuli niWiT dajildoebulma fermwerebma mainc moaxerxes

Taviseburi niSis moZebna: yovel SemTxvevaSi 1940-iani wlebis Sua

xanebamde inarCunebs maRal ferwerul dones q. maRalaSvili, igi uars

ambobs erTfenovan Tavisufal maneraze, magram mSvenier portretebs qmnis

ufro mkvriv sagnobriv ferweraSi. Taviseburad momgebianic ki aRmoCnda

es periodi al. baJbeuq-meliqovisaTvis. misi 1920-iani wlebis namuSevrebi,

miuxedavad lamazi da mdidari ferweruli zedapirisa, aSkara

xelovnurobiT gamoirCevian. 1930-iani wlebidan misi naxati ufro

bunebrivi xdeba da igi didi gemovnebiT wers Tavis portretebs, nius.

swored 1940-ian wlebSi qmnis Tavis saukeTeso peizaJebs al. cimakuriZe.

rodesac maT aRiqvam, Znelic aris daijero, rom isini stalinur

periodSia Seqmnili” (xoStaria 2002 : 191). mxatvris erTgvari lavirebis,

“cenzuris motyuebis” Taviseburi magaliTia d. kakabaZis 1942 w.

Sesrulebuli suraTi “mitingi imereTSi”. grandiozuli mTis ZirSi

Sekrebili mitingis monawileni WianWvelebiviT moCanan namuSevris wina

planze. marTalia, transparantebze, romlebic maT uWiravT, revoluciis

beladebi _ lenini, stalini da beria arian gamosaxulni (rogorc viciT,

amJamad saqarTvelos xelovnebis sax. muzeumSi dacul am suraTze

mxolod leninis portreti SemorCa), magram isini imdenad mcire zomisa

arian da imdenad mokrZalebuli adgili uWiravT, rom mnaxvelisaTvis

imTaviTve cxadia, mTavari aq epikuri buneba da misi waruvalobaa,

yvelaferi danarCeniH ki warmavalia. Aamgvarad aris kodirebuli am

namuSevarSi mxatvris damokidebuleba arsebuli realobisadmi. amdenad,

Cveni kulturisaTvis am urTulesi etapis drosac ki, saqarTveloSi

iqmneboda mniSvnelovani mxatvruli namuSevrebi, romlebic Tematuri Tu

formaluri TvalsazrisiT ver Tavsdeba sabWoTa xelovnebis CarCoebSi.

Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom es iyo ara xarisxobrivad da

tipologiurad axali saxviTi enis gadmocemis mcdeloba, aramed ukve

moZebnil sqemebSi manevrirebis periodi.

21

socrealizmi socialuri dakveTis xelovneba iyo, rac ukve TavisTavad

gulisxmobda dapirispirebas xelovnebis logikuri ganviTarebis

msvlelobasTan. igi uaryofda Ziebas mxatvruli Semoqmedebis sferoSi,

iZleoda mza kliSeebs da aiZulebda sruliad sxvadasxvagvari

temperamentis, erovnebisa da tradiciis mxatvrebs am `moCarCoebul’

sivrceSi emoqmedaT. socrealizmi daaxloebiT 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi

myarad “idga”. stalinis gardacvalebis Semdgom, erTgvari miswrafeba

SemoqmedebiTi Tavisuflebisaken sabWoTa respublikebSi, maT Soris

saqarTveloSic, nel-nela iCens Tavs. xelovnebis formaluri Tu

konceptualuri ganaxlebis procesi sabWoTa sivrceSi etapobrivad, met-

naklebi aqtualobiTa da warmatebiT xorcieldeboda. mxatvrul

problemaTa wre jer-jerobiT SemoisazRvreboda mxolod formaluri

amocanebiT _ saxviTi enisaTvis meti Tavisuflebis, improvizaciulobis,

gabedulebis miniWebiT. yovelive amasTan erTad mxatvarTa winaSe

dasaxuli problematikidan umTavresi mainc xelovnebisaTvis

ideologiuri mniSvnelobis CamoSoreba iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTveli

mxatvrebis protests am etapze ara imdenad ideologiuri wnexi, aramed

swored akademisturi mxatvruli formis, rusuli `peredviJnikuli~

mxatvruli principebis saxviTi meTodi iwvevda. saqarTveloSi es

procesebi e.w. òrmocdaaTianelTa~ Taobis buntis saxeliTaa cnobili.

1950-iani wlebis dasawyisidan SemoqmedebiT asparezze axalgazrda

mxatvarTa mTeli pleada gamodis: j. xundaZe, e. kalandaZe, z. niJaraZe, a.

varazi, a. banZelaZe, g. quTaTelaZe da sxv., romlebic Tamamad arRveven

formalur Ziebebze dadebul tabus; isini feriTi amocanebis gadawyvetiT

arian dainteresebulni, ramac Sedegad maT SemoqmedebaSi myari,

gaazrebuli feradovani sistemis Camoyalibebas Cauyara safuZveli. `XX s-

is 40-50-ian wlebSi Tbilisis samxatvro akademiaSi mosuli axali

Taobis, e.w. òrmocdaaTianelebis~ xelovneba novatoruli iyo mxolod

formis, mxatvrul-saxeobrivi struqturis, e.w. èsTetikuri novatorobis~

TvalsazrisiT; boris groisis azriT, zogadad am periodis sabWoTa

araformaluri xelovnebis (romelSic groisi impresionistuli ferweriT

gatacebasac moiazrebs) amocanas am etapze ar warmoadgenda

avangardistuli aqtivizacia, konceptualuri gabeduleba. Aam

22

mimarTulebis mxatvrebisaTvis mTavari iyo formaluri TvalsazrisiT

mxatvruli enis ganaxleba, mxatvrul-saxeobrivi struqturebis aTviseba

da am safuZvelze individualuri mxatvruli samyarosa da saxviTi enis

Camoyalibeba. Ees is mTavari problematika iyo, romelic qarTvelma

`ormocdaaTianelebma~ moitanes~ (ServaSiZe 2006:107).

Bbunebrivia, rom XXs-is 10-20-iani wlebis Zalze saintereso mxatvruli

procesi, romelic xelovnurad iqna SeCerebuli, garkveuli gamocdilebis

Sevseba-aRdgenas iTxovda. ormocdaaTianelTa mier `aRmoCenili~

impresionistuli mxatvruli meTodi ki maTTvis is misaRebi mxatvruli

forma aRmoCnda, romelic maT mier ferwerisa da realizmis gaazrebis

Taviseburebebs esadageboda da amasTanave, samxatvro akademiaSi

gabatonebul akademistur meTodsa da socrealizmis mxatvrul

principebs upirispirdeboda. amdenad, impresionizmiT da puantilizmiT

pirveli gataceba, am erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli mxatvruli

temperamentis mqone xelovanTaTvis, erTgvari gardamavali safexuri iyo

sakuTari mxatvruli maneris Camoyalibebis gzaze.

Aamrigad, 1950-iani wlebis Sua xanebidan ferweruli amocanebi

organulad daukavSirda am periodis xelovnebis saerTo

tendencias_mxatvruli enis ganaxlebisaken ltolvas. ferweraSi

gaZlierda koloristuli Ziebebi, rac axali qarTuli mxatvrobis

saTaveebidan momdinareobs. ormocdaaTianelTa novaciebi, romlebic

axali mxatvrul-saazrovno problematikis damkvidrebas ukavSirdeba,

mTeli sisavsiT 1960-ian wlebSi gamovlinda da logikur dasayrdens

uqmnida momaval Taobas. sxvadasxva mxatvruli problemebisadmi

SemoqmedebiTi midgoma, samyaros uSualo, individualuri aRqma, xatovani

azrovneba, ferweris saxviT-dekoratiuli saSualebebis, feris

TavisTavadi da saxviTi Tvisebebis xazgasma ormocdaaTianelTa

SemoqmedebiTi interesebis ZiriTad sferos gansazRvravs.

jibson xundaZe erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenelia 1950-ian wlebSi

SemoqmedebiT asparezze gamosuli Taobisa, romelmac qarTuli xelovneba

Rirseuli monapovriT gaamdidra. axalgazrda SemoqmedTa im droisaTvis

Tamami pozicia mxatvruli enis ganaxlebisaken iyo mimarTuli. maT

izidavdaT feris intensivobis gaZlierebac da misi calkeuli elferis,

23

niuansis wvdomac. amitomac, impresionizmiT maTi gataceba ar yofila

SemTxveviTi. Sinagani bunebiT iseTi faqizi koloristisaTvis, rogoric

j. xundaZea, savsebiT organuli Cans erTgvari dialogi impresionizmTan

Semoqmedebis adreul etapze. 1950-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi fermwerma

aRmoaCina sakuTari mxatvruli samyaro. Tavisi xelovnebis mamoZravebel

muxts man peizaJSi miagno, romelmac TandaTanobiTi ganviTarebis Semdgom

dakarga Janris viwro specifika da iqca ganzogadebuli wyobis mqone

xelovnebad. j. xundaZis suraTebSi tipuri qarTuli mTis peizaJebia

asaxuli. sasuraTo sibrtye mTlianadaa datvirTuli da cis

gamosaxuleba, qarTuli peizaJuri mxatvrobis erTi nakadis

tradiciisamebr, aq ar Cans. xedvis zeda wertilis SerCevac sfecifikuri

niSania. sivrce-moculobis gamoxatva mis suraTebSi viTardeba ise, rom

TviT feradovani sibrtye iZens erTdroulad nivTieri masalis

simkvrivesac da TiTqos sakuTar “sivrcobriobasac”. kompoziciis fokusia

feris koncentrirebuli, morevis msgavsi, pastozuri aqcenti. misiT da

mis irgvliv daZabulad mimobneuli laqa-konfiguraciebiT iqmneba

dinamikuri sivrce, romelic TiTqos ver Tavsdeba sasurTo sibrtyeze,

iSleba mis sazRvrebs miRma da sferulad gadmodis mayureblis sivrceSi.

“ar SeiZleba ar gavixsenoT, isic, rom d. kakabaZis suraTebSic arsebiTia

usasrulo, didi sivrcis STabeWdilebis Seqmna tilos zomebisagan

damoukideblad, Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom d. kakabaZesTan suraTis sivrce

mkacradaa gamijnuli realuri sivrcisagan, SedarebiT avtonomiuria”

(leJava 1983 : 30) j. xundaZes, iseve, rogorc d. kakabaZes, izidavs

qarTuli peizaJis specifikuri buneba, axasiaTebs misi arsobrivi xatis

gadmocemisaken swrafva. sruliad gansxvavebuli xerxebiTa da gziT orive

mxatvari mimarTavs obieqturi samyaros mxatvrul ganyenebas. j.

xundaZesTan es xorcieldeba emociuri impulsurobiT, erTgvari

qvecnobieri STagonebiT maSin, rodesac d. kakabaZesTan warmmarTvelia

inteleqti, naTeli gaazreba.

j. xundaZis peizaJebSi gamoxatulia bunebis epikuri didebuleba, misi

nivTieri, sagnobrivi Zalmosileba. saxviT elementTa dinamikuri

ganlageba, maTi pirobiT sivrceSi mousvenari svla qmnis STabeWdilebas,

rom formebi raRac Sinagani aucileblobiT daZrulan mudmivi

24

moZraobisaTvis. maT axasiaTebT, rogorc suraTis sazRvarTa daZlevis

miswrafeba, ise centriskenuli tendenciac. eqspresiuli, TiTqos

SemTxveviTi formebis mqone konfiguraciebi wriulad moZraoben pirobiTi

centris irgvliv, romelic ikiTxeba kompoziciis rTul ritmul

struqturaSi. mTlianad ferwera, aRbeWdili erTiani, rbili SuqianobiT,

aqtiuri JReradobis nacvlad ufro feradovnebis siRrmiT Rvivis, misi

Sinagani sisavse avlens mdidrul, TavSekavebul keTilSobilebas.

“bunebidan, realobidan miRebuli, sulieri informaciis mZlavri nakadi

masalis enaze gamTlianebas, sinTezirebas hpovebs j. xundaZis

SemoqmedebaSi. konkretul STabeWdilebebsa da gancdebSi arsebiTis

wvdomis Semdgom igi qmnis erTdroulad saxviT da “abstrahirebul”

nawarmoebebs. vfiqrobT, swored esaa erovnulobis erT-erTi niSani, roca

sakuTari garemos, misi bunebis, misi ferTametyvelebis Sinagani wvdomis

gziT iqmneba saxviT-dekoraciuli, swored bunebidan momdinare da ukve

Semdgom abstrahirebuli mxatvruli saxe. garemo TviT karnaxobs

mxatvars, arsobrivi warmoCenis impulsTan erTad, saxasiaTo TvisebaTa

eqspresiul deformacias. fermweri qmnis garemos sakuTar saxes, misgan

miRebul sulier muxts anviTarebs koloristuli simdidriT gamorCeul

ferweraSi da afuZnebs sakuTar mxatvrul samyaros” (leJava 1983: 32).

edmond kalandaZe, impresionizmiTa da puantilizmiT gatacebis Semdeg,

mkvrivi pastozuri weris maneras mimarTavs. mxatvari qmnis mZafri

dramatizmiT gamsWvalul portretebs, peizaJebsa da siuJetur suraTebs.

igi ikvlevs feris problemebs, rCeba sufTa, kontrastuli ferebis

erTguli, qmnis intensiuri ferebis harmonias da sivrcis moculobiT

gadmocemas axerxebs. masalis maqsimaluri gamoyeneba, ferTa Zlieri

kontrasti, farTod da ganzogadebulad dawerili forma mis suraTebs

gansakuTrebul gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs. sinamdvilis mxatvruli

gardasaxva gamovlenili ferweris specifikur enaze Ee. kalandaZis

xelovnebis mTavari maxasiaTebelia. mis mxatvrul sistemaSi mTavari

saxviTi xerxi sibrtyeze gansakuTrebuli principiT organizebuli feria.

ferTa laqebisa da feradovani masebis SefardebiT miiRweva mxatvruli

mTlianoba _ vlindeba nawarmoebis kompoziciuri, Sinaarsobrivi Tu

emociuri struqtura. e. kalandaZis xelovnebis konceptualuri

25

Tvalsazrisi emyareba bunebis SemoqmedebiTi gardasaxvis princips,

romelic avtoris grZnobadi aRqmis, xedvis Taviseburebebis

gaTvaliswinebazea dafuZnebuli. amis Sedegad iqmneba transformirebuli

sagnis erTdroulad abstrahirebuli da amave dros realuri garemos

sacnobi xatis niSnebis Semcveli specifikuri mxatvruli modeli, sadac

fers, saxviT-dekoratiuli da fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT,

mTavari adgili eniWeba. “winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse Tanamedroveoba e.

kalandaZis ferwerul tiloebSi sxvadasxva mxatvrul saxed da siuJetad

gardaisaxeba. es xan peizaJia, xan portreti, Nniu an naturmorti. mxatvris

SemoqmedebaSi erTi SexedviT Cveulebrivi motivi mxatvrul-saxeobrivi

ganzogadebis iseT xarisxs aRwevs, rom saxe-xatis funqcias iZens.

samyaros arsis, yofierebis filosofiuri gaazreba da pirobiTi masalis

meSveobiT misi “gamxatvruleba” e. kalandaZis xelovnebis

damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia” (ServaSiZe 2010:7).

zurab niJaraZe Rrma da daxvewili xelovania, romelsac maRali

mxatvruli da profesiuli kultura, Taviseburi da saintereso

azrovneba gamoarCevs. mxatvris Semoqmedeba mniSvnelovan wvlils

warmoadgens Tanamedrove qarTuli ferweris ganviTarebaSi. misi Tamami

feradovani SexamebebiT Sesrulebuli tiloebi _ TanamedroveTa

portretebi, naturmortebi, SiSveli natura, Tematuri Tu Tavisufali

kompoziciebi damTvaliereblis winaSe erTian sistemad, individualur

samyarod gardaiqmneba. z. niJaraZis wamyvan Temas portreti warmoadgens.

mas ainteresebs adamiani, misi xasiaTis mkafio gadmocema. mxatvarma Seqmna

TanamedroveTa portretebis mTeli galerea, romelic gamomsaxvelobis

didi ZaliTa da mkafio saxeobriobiT gamoirCeva. pirovnebis Sinagani

samyaros fsiqologiur daxasiaTebas, misi garegnobidan yvelaze ufro

mTavaris xazgasmas mxatvris zusti Tvali, naxatis flobis kultura da

intuiciuri alRo ganapirobebs. es namuSevrebi realisturia, im

TvalsazrisiT, rom TiToeuli modeli cocxali naturaa, mxatvrisaTvis

axlobeli adamiania, misi TvaliT danaxulia. “isini SesaZloa, zogjer

ramdenadme idealizebuli arian, magram swored esaa niJaraZiseuloba, mis

prizmaSi gatarebuli sinamdvile. xasiaTis gaxsnas, adamianis Sinagani

samyaros gamovlenas z. niJaraZe, erTi SexedviT, TiTqos umniSvnelo

26

detalis, warmavalis, momentaluris dafiqsirebiT aRwevs da swored es

aris mniSvnelovani da damaxasiaTebeli portretirebulisaTvis; da mainc,

vfiqrobT, es tiloebi ar warmoadgens fsiqologiur portretebs.

naturis yvelaze damaxasiaTebeli, konkretuli detalis ganzogadebiT,

masze aqcentis gakeTebiT mxatvari iZleva pirovnebis zogad

daxasiaTebas” (anTelava-mamalaZe 1981:9). z. niJaraZe koloritis faqizi

grZnobiT gamoirCeva, igi did yuradRebas aqcevs feradovan gamas,

ferwerul efeqtebs. mxatvris sayvareli ferebia: wiTeli, lurji,

yviTeli, mwvane. mdidar feradovnebasTan erTad mis namuSevrebs

axasiaTebs eqspresiuli faqtura, msuye, pastozuri monasmi. nawarmoebebSi

feri cimcimebs, anaTebs, maJorul JReradobas iZens, mayurebels izidavs

misi suraTebis emociuroba, zemoqmedebis Zalis uSualoba. z. niJaraZis

suraTebSi feri formis gamovlenis umTavres komponents warmoadgens;

swored ferTa intensivobaze agebuli SexamebebiT aRwevs mxatvari

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli moculobiTi formis gadmocemas. z. niJaraZe

TiTqos yvelaferSi eZebs silamazes. Aamas amJRavnebs plastika, feris

sisufTave, harmoniuli erTianoba. Yyovelive amis miRma ki gamosaxulebis

sulieri sawyisis, Sinagani samyaros gamovlena SeigrZnoba.

XX saukunis qarTul mxatvrobaSi, kerZod ki 1950-ianelTa TaobaSi,

avTo varazis figura sruliad gancalkevebiT dgas. misi, rogorc

xelovanis Camoyalibeba mimdinareobda oficialuri xazis Stampebsa da

normebTan mZafri dapirispirebis fonze. mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi

erTdroulad Tanaarsebobs erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli

mxatvruli sistemebi Tu Sesrulebis sxvadasxva manera. varazis

novatoroba mdgomareobda imaSi, rom mis namuSevrebSi erTmaneTs erwymis

samganzomilebiani sagnebi da ferweruli elementebi, plastikuri da

tipografiuli niSnebi. man pirvelma mimarTa kolaJs, iyenebda Sereul

teqnikas, mxatvrul aplikacias da sxv., rac sruliad axali saxviTi ena

iyo im periodis qarTul mxatvrobaSi; iyo erT-erTi pirvelTagani vinc

pop-artis stilSi daiwyo muSaoba, sadac gamoCnda mxatvris

damokidebuleba epoqis problemebisadmi.

a. varazis SemoqmedebiTi individualoba pirvelad portretebSi

gamoikveTa. Pmisi portretebis umetesobisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia

27

vertikaluri formati, kompoziciuri gadawyvetis simkacre da

lakoniuroba. fonad, xSirad, suraTebis Sebrunebuli CarCoebia

gamoyenebuli. figura umetesad mkacrad frontaluradaa warmodgenili,

rac erTgvar statikurobas aniWebs mas. yuradReba ZiriTadad

koncentrirebulia personaJis saxeze, sxeuli da xelebi xSirad naklebad

aris damuSavebuli. zogierT portretSi mxatvari xazs usvams saxis

nakvTebis asimetriulobas. Aaqcenti umetesad gadatanilia Tvalebze,

gamometyvelebaze. suraTis kompoziciur wyobaSi gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba eniWeba kolorits. misTvis damaxasiaTebelia “monoqromuli”,

TavSekavebuli tonaluri gama, romelSic sWarbobs civi, mocisfro

tonebi, ris A gamoc xSirad paralels avleben varazis ferwerasa da

pikasos cisfer periods Soris.

a. varazis naturmortebi stilisturad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa is namuSevrebi, romlebic sezanis gavlenis

niSnebs atareben. es msgavseba mJRavndeba rogorc Temis arCevanSi, ise

feradovan gamaSi. sezani varazis erT-erTi sayvareli mxatvari iyo.

Tumca sezanisa da pikasos gamocdileba varazTan Taviseburad,

individualuradaa gadamuSavebuli. naturmortebis kompoziciebi

mdgradi da gawonasworebulia. formebi gamartivebulia da

ganzogadebuli. maTi geometrizacia xazs usvams samyaros mdgradobas,

sagnobriobas. naturmortebis meore jgufi, Sesrulebis maneriT Tu

stilisturi niSnebiT, sinTetikur kubizms uaxlovdeba. aq aRar aris

sivrce, darRveulia perspeqtivis kanonebi. erTsa da imave suraTSi

mxatvari xedvis ramdenime wertils aerTianebs.

a. varazis kolaJis teqnikaSi Sesrulebul namuSevrebs pop-arts

miakuTvneben. marTlac, pop-artistebis msgavsad, mxatvari iyenebs

konteqstidan amoRebul sagans, aqtiurad mimarTavs kolaJis teqnikas,

iyenebs sxvadasxva faqturas, magram varazis pop-arti Taviseburia.

rogorc cnobilia, pop-artis gamoCena msoflio xelovnebaSi

revoluciuri gardatexa iyo, ramac ganapiroba sagnobriobis dabruneba

ferweraSi. aSS-Si pop-arti abstraqtuli eqspresionizmis winaaRmdeg

mimarTul protestad iqca. 1950-iani wlebidan mxatvrebi qmnidnen

“kombinirebul” namuSevrebs, romlebSic ferweruli tilosa da

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sxvadasxva samganzomilebiani sagnebis sinTezirebas axdendnen. pop-artis

mimdevari mxatvrebi (riCard hamiltoni, devid hokni, endi uorholi,

robert rauSenbergi, jasper jonsi, roi lixtenSteini, klas oldenburgi

da sxv.) cdilobdnen axleburad gadmoecaT adamianis garemomcveli

sinamdvile, romelic gazeTis kliSeebis, konservis qilebisa da yofiTi

sagnebis samyaros warmoadgenda; maT SemoqmedebaSi mTavari adgili

daikava iman, rac manamde mxatvris interesis miRma rCeboda: reklamam,

gazeTebisa da Jurnalebis ilustraciebma, komiqsebma, sakvebma, samosma da

sxv. amasTan, mniSvnelovani roli eniWeboda axal teqnologiebsa da

reproducirebis saSualebebs. pop-arti axali socialuri sinamdvilis

reprezentaciis funqcias asrulebda. dasavleTis pop-arti uwyveti

teqnikuri modernizaciis ideis matarebelia. igi momavlisaken aris

mimarTuli; misTvis damaxasiaTebelia garkveuli polemika tradiciasTan,

“varazi, raRac TvalsazrisiT, arqaulic ki gveCveneba. misi Semoqmedeba

Zvel ostatebs efuZneba. pop-artSi TiTqmis ver vnaxavT Zvel sagnebs.

varazTan ki mxolod Zveli, gacveTili, deformirebuli sagnebia. mis

kompoziciebSi TiToeul sagans Tavisi istoria aqvs ... ... dasavleTis pop-

arti sruliad gansxvavebulma, sxva sociokulturulma garemom warmoSva.

pirvel rigSi, igi garkveuli socialur-ekonomikuri sistemis Sedegi iyo,

xolo meore mizezi – abstraqtuli eqspresionizmis dominireba 1950-60-ian

wlebSi. Aarc pirveli da arc meore faqtori ar iyo saqarTveloSi

(sabWoTa kavSirSi). am TvalsazrisiT, pop-artis Camoyalibeba SeuZlebeli

iyo sxva kulturul konteqstSi. magram ukve TviTon is faqti, rom

mxatvari mimarTavs pop-artis stilistikas TavisTavad mniSvnelovania.

avTo varazi qmnis pop-artis iseT versias, romelic aramarto ar

Seesabameba, aramed faqtobrivad ewinaaRmdegeba im msoflmxedvelobas,

romelmac warmoSva dasavleTis pop-arti. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es pop-

artis varaziseuli, personaluri versiaa” (arseniSvili 2011:49:51).

Aam Taobis erT-erTi gamorCeuli warmomadgeneli guram quTaTelaZe

qarTul xelovnebaSi, upiratesad, lirikuli peizaJebis ostatad Sevida.

misi mxatvrobis ZiriTad Temas saqarTvelos peizaJebi warmoadgens.

namuSevarTa mTeli seriebi man guriis, qarTlis, imereTis, aWaris

peizaJebs, Tbilisis ubnebs miuZRvna. Mmxatvari faqizad grZnobda da

29

gadmoscemda bunebis xasiaTs, specifikas. Mmis sayvarel motivs

warmoadgens narinjisfer-mowiTalo gamaSi gadawyvetili Semodgomis

peizaJebi. Tavis suraTebSi mxatvari qmnida farTo, TiTqos zemodan

danaxuli mTisa da velebis, xeebisa Tu baRebis gadaSlili peizaJis

saocrad gamomsaxvel farTo panoramas. Gg. quTaTelaZis nawarmoebebSi,

emociurobis, uSualo xedvisa da kompoziciaSi racionaluri sawyisis

iSviaTi SerwymiT, aisaxa mxatvris poeturi, artistuli buneba. Uuaxles

qarTul mxatvrobaSi igi warmoCinda rogorc suraTis agebis, feradovani

niuansebis gaxsnis saSualebiT Seqmnili ganwyobilebis, sixarulisa Tu

sevdis gadmocemis gansakuTrebuli unaris mqone xelovani.

Aamrigad, 1950-60-iani wlebis mijnaze SemoqmedebiT asparezze

gamosulma mxatvrebma Tamamad daarRvies formaluri Ziebebis akrZalva,

isini iRvwodnen, raTa Tavis uflebebSi aRedginaT feri, rogorc suraTis

erT-erTi ZiriTadi sawyisi. Ees mxatvrebi saerTo amocanebs isaxavdnen,

magram maT ganviTarebis sakuTari gza gaiares da Seqmnes nawarmoebebi,

romlebic mkafiod asaxaven TiToeuli maTganis SemoqmedebiT mrwamss.

1950-60-ian wlebSi momxdarma arsebiTma Zvrebma, riTac aRiniSna im drois

kulturuli cxovrebis yvela sfero (literatura, kino, Teatri, musika),

ganapiroba mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis axali saSualebebis gamoyeneba da

damkvidreba. saxviT xelovnebaSi naTlad ikveTeba mxatvarTa miswrafeba

ganzogadebuli saxeebis Seqmnisa da samyaros xatovan-esTetikuri

aRqmisaken. niSandoblivia, rom am epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli cxovrebis

arsis siRrmiseuli gancda mxatvris TviTmyofadobis gamovlenis farTo

SesaZleblobebs qmnida. A”ormocdaaTianelTa” SemoqmedebiTi Taobis

saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi TavianT namuSevrebSi mTeli sisavsiT

avlendnen sakuTar msoflSegrZnebas, gamoxatavdnen sakuTar

damokidebulebas garemomcveli sinamdvilisadmi.

1960-70 –iani wlebi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa mxatvarTa

individualuri gamovlinebebiT. Ddgeba e. w. “uZraobis” periodi,

ideologiuri presi da cenzura aRaraa iseTi mkacri, “socrealisturi

forma” ki xelovnebaSi TiTqmis daZleulia da Sedegad mxatvrebs

saSualeba eZlevaT axali problemebis gadaWraze ifiqron. aRsaniSnavia,

rom swored am periodSi aRweven Tavisi potenciis maqsimalur

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gamovlenas, rogorc ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenlebi, ise momdevno

Taobebis xelovanebi, romlebic samoRvaweo asparezze Tanmimdevrulad

gamodian 1960-70-ian wlebSi. “samicianelebi” (radiS Tordia, givi

narmania, givi ToiZe, Tengiz mirzaSvili, koki maxaraZe, bela

berZeniSvili, nana mesxiZe da sxv.) yoveldRiur yofaSi iwyeben

amaRlebulis, maradiulis, zogadsakacobrios Zebnas. isini cdiloben

filosofiurad gaiazron cxovrebis zneobrivi da eTikuri idealebi.

samocianelebs erTmaneTTan aaxloebs xedvis tipuri zogadoba, poeturi

simbolika, plastikuri metyveleba, romelic emyareba eTnografiul,

folklorul, xalxur erovnul wyaroebs. mTavari gamomsaxvelobiTi

saSualebebia kompoziciis feradovani da ritmuli organizacia da misi

dekoratiuli gaazreba, rac Taviseburad exmianeba erovnuli xelovnebis,

poeziis, musikisa da ritmis grZnobas.

g. narmaniasTan siuJetisa da Sinaarsis ganzogadeba gansakuTrebuli

xatovanebiT aris gadmocemuli mis Janrul kompoziciebSi. Mmxatvris iseT

suraTebSi, rogorebicaa “aivanze”, “werili” da sxv., TiTqos araferi

xdeba gansakuTrebuli _ pirvelgan gogona zis da keravs, meore

namuSevarSi ki mSvidad kiTxulobs werils; magram es ar aris

Cveulebrivi aqti _ es TiTqosda poetizebuli, garegnulad statikuri

personaJebi erTgvari daucvelobis, martosulobis, gaucxoebis

SegrZnebebs badeben. Sav CarCoSi Casmuli garindebuli da ukacrieli

peizaJis fonze warmodgenili gogonebi TiTqos zogadad adamianis

mikrokosmis, sakuTar TavSi CaRrmavebis Tu Caketvis Tavisebur

simboloebs warmoadgenen.E

mkveTri individualobis mqone mxatvari r. Tordia Tavis intimur

samyaros qmnis rogorc gamosaxuli sagnebis, ise suraTis saerTo

feradovani gamis wyalobiT. Mmis namuSevrebSi igrZnoba sibrtyobriv-

ritmuli sawyisi, ferTa gamis garkveuli pirobiToba. erTgvari poeturi

aRmafreniT gadmoscems mxatvari zogadad adamianis, qalis, musikis

siyvaruls. Tavis cnobil triptiqSi “Sroma, siyvaruli, lxini” r.

Tordias TiTqosda yoveldRiuri xalxuri scena maqsimaluri

ganzogadebis xarisxSi ahyavs, riTac siuJeti sadResaswaulo-simbolur

JReradobas iZens. am nawarmoebs Weduri nimuSebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

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ritmuloba, saxeobriv-plastikuri erTianoba, epikuri mravalxmianoba

gamoarCevs. kompoziciuri elementebis xaliCiseburi gaazreba, xazebisa

da laqebis ornamentuli kavSiri xalxuri xelovnebidan nasazrdoeb

sibrtyobriobas da dekoratiulobas amJRavnebs. cxovrebis arsis

filisofiuri aRqma, erTgvari mkacri reprezentaciuloba vlindeba r.

Tordias mier 1966 wels Sesrulebul saintereso nawarmoebSi “deda”.

qarTul garemoSi warmodgenili qali, danaoWebuli saxiTa da didi

najafi xelebiT, TiTqos qarTveli dedis krebiT saxes warmoadgens.

qalis Tavs ukan kedelze gamosaxuli mrgvali oqrosferi disko ki

wmindanis Saravands mogvagonebs. Ees erTi SexedviT umniSvnelo detali

erTgvarad akrZaluli xilis _ religiuri Temis qarTul xelovnebaSi

SefarviT Semotanad SeiZleba miviCnioT. aseTi SeniRbuli, TiTqos

umniSvnelo detalebi sakmaod moipoveba 1960-70-iani wlebis qarTul

xelovnebaSi; swored maT moamzades niadagi sruliad axali, religiuri

da erovnuli Tematikis “afeTqebisaTvis” 1980-ian wlebSi, magram es ukve

sul sxva Taobis, e. w. oTxmocianelebis misia iyo (kldiaSvili 2006 : 6).

samocianelTa namuSevrebi upiratesad kompoziciis naTeli

struqturiT, dekoratiulobiTa da monumenturobiT xasiaTdeba. pirobiTi

sivrce da kompoziciis sibrtyovani ganSla avlens ara marto azrobriv-

Sinaarsobriv datvirTvas, aramed aqtiur dekoratiul funqciasac

atarebs. Aqedan gamomdinare, suraTi iZens mTlianobas, rogorc saxviT-

plastikuri, ise dekoratiuli TvalsazrisiTac. sibrtyis SegrZneba, misi

organzomilebianoba, rogorc suraTis safuZveli, maT namuSevrebSi

Taviseburad erwymis moculobis gamZafrebul SegrZnebas, formis

sagnobriobas, TavSekavebuli feris simkvrives. Aam mxatvarTa

nawarmoebebSi adamianTa figurebi TiTqmis yovelTvis skulpturuli

gveCveneba. Aamdenad, yovelive es mowmobs imas, rom plastikuri

struqturis problema, gansakuTrebiT ki gamomsaxvelobiTi sibrtyisa da

moculobiT-sivrculi elementebis urTierTdamokidebuleba suraTSi,

bevr qarTvel mxatvarTan ganpirobebulia ferweris, Wedurobisa da

qandakebis nimuSebis stilisturi siaxloviT. stilisturi meTodebis

siaxlove samocianelTa mxatvrul problemebs erTgvar mTlianobas

aniWebs, Tumca ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos maTi Taviseburad

32

gadaWarbebuli gataceba qarTuli yofis scenebiT, rac zogjer maT

namuSevrebSi formis arqaizaciasac iwvevs (beriZe, ezerskaia 1975 : 207-212).

1970-ian wlebSi axali azrovnebisaken da TviTganaxlebisaken swrafvam

stilisturi mravalferovneba ganapiroba. SemoqmedebiTi

memkvidreobisadmi miswrafeba TviTSegnebis formad iqca, ramac

mxatvruli midgomisa da gadawyvetis mravalsaxovanebas gauxsna gza.

axalgazrda mxatvrebis mier motanili siaxleebi 1950-iani wlebis Taobis

cnobil ostatTa SemoqmedebiT momzadda. Aam droisaTvis kvlav

aqtualuria mxatvruli formis srulyofis problema _ feris, naxatis,

kompoziciis gagebis sakiTxi. 1970-iani wlebis qarTul ferweraSi

warmoCinda individualuri xelweris mqone SemoqmedTa farTo speqtri:

esma Ooniani, Tamaz xuciSvili, gogi CageliSvili, Temo maWavariani,

vaxtang beselia, omar kaWkaWiSvili da sxv., romlebic ormocdaaTianelTa

uSualo memkvidreebi arian. samocdaaTianelTa Ziebebi mxatvruli

formisa da sivrcis plastikuri interpretaciis, suraTis kompoziciuri

struqturis, wminda ferweruli, koloristuli sawyisebis gamovlenis

mxriv, naTlad aCvenebs erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli avtorebis

SemoqmedebiTi amocanebisadmi midgomis sxvadasxva niuansebs, saintereso

esTetikur da stilistur Taviseburebebs. yovelive amasTan erTad,

samocdaaTianelTa namuSevrebSi Cndeba garkveuli simboluri Tu

romantikuli intonaciebi; emociuroba, lirikuloba, grZnobisa da azris

gamomJRavnebis siRrme ikiTxeba maT nawarmoebebSi.

Tavisi mxatvruli msoflaRqmiT, SemoqmedebiTi meTodis

konceptualuri da formaluri Taviseburebebis mkafio gamovleniT esma

oniani samocdaaTianelTa Taobis Rirseul warmomadgenlad gvevlineba. am

saintereso mxatvris, poetisa da eseistis moRvaweoba erT-erTi

RirsSesaniSnavi movlenaa Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovnebis istoriaSi. e.

onianis originaluri msoflmxedveloba, individualuri mxatvruli

azrovneba da ferweruli manera 1970-ian wlebSi yalibdeba. am droisaTvis

Tavs iCens mxatvris swrafva rTuli ferweruli amocanebis sinTezuri

gadawyvetisadmi. sagnobrivi formis transformireba, sivrce-sibrtyis,

tonaloba-feris gamovlena erT mTelSi misi SemoqmedebiTi interesebis

umTavres sagans warmoadgens. mkafiod ikveTeba mxatvris Semoqmedebis

33

sxvadasxva aspeqti Tu mxatvruli amocana: erTis mxriv, es aris

mimarTuleba, sadac wamyvan rols TamaSobs plastikur formaTa metyveli

pastozuri Zerwva, meores mxriv, sivrcobrivi problematika da swrafva

gamaerTianebeli Suq-haerovani mowiTalo-movardisfro gamis Seqmnisaken.

e. onianis mxatvruli interesebis qvakuTxeds adamianis Sinagani

cxovreba warmoadgens, romelic realuri movlenebiT STagonebuli

gancdebis, emociebis, Wvretis Tavisebur monacvleobas emyareba.

portretuli Janri xazgasmulad warmoaCens avtoris saxviT Ziebebs, masSi

ufro metad aris gamovlenili mxatvruli saxis srulyofis mcdeloba

da esTetikuri idealis ganxorcielebisaken swrafva. aRsaniSnavia, rom

mxatvris suraTebSi gansakuTrebul JReradobas iZens bavSvobis xatovani

mogonebebi, romlebic gamudmebiT Cndebian da sxvadasxvagvari

interpretaciiT warmoCndebian mis poetur, Rrmad nostalgiur tiloebze.

1980 – 90-iani wlebi esma onianis Semoqmedebis gvian periods moicavs.

am droisaTvis mkafiod Camoyalibebul saxes iZens sakuTari mxatvruli

meTodis damkvidrebis, samyarosa da misi sivrcul-droiTi

maxasiaTeblebis avtoriseuli gaazrebis intensiuri procesi. suraTebSi

dominirebs samyaros, rogorc erTiani mTelis ferwerul-poeturi gancda,

matulobs filosofiuri gansjis, monumenturobis SegrZneba.

niSandoblivia, rom Tavis SemoqmedebaSi e. oniani warmatebiT aviTarebs

gansxvavebuli specifikis mqone struqturuli niSnebis erT mxatvrul

wyobaSi integrirebis rTul xazs. mis bolodroindel namuSevrebSi

safuZvlianad aris Tavmoyrili da sinTezirebuli mxatvris Ziebebis

ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi: plastikur formaTa ferweruli Zerwva; civi da

Tbili ferebis niuansireba specifikur, Suq-haerovan mowiTalo gamaSi;

amavdroulad mis winaSe ikveTeba axali amocanebi – stilizebuli,

ganzogadebul-monumentalizebuli, zogjer abstrahirebis zRvarTan

mdgomi lakoniuri formebis gadmocema. am periodis namuSevrebSi feri

formis gamovlenis umTavres maxasiaTebels warmoadgens da uzustes

naxatTan erTad ama Tu im personaJis, sagnisa Tu movlenis mkafio

daxasiaTebas iZleva. suraTebSi gabatonebulia muqi, intensiuri

mowiTalo-moiisfro koloriti, romelic erTgvari xelovnuri naTebis

STabeWdilebas tovebs da namuSevars eqspresiul gamomsaxvelobas

34

aniWebs. tiloebis ferweruli faqtura erTiani da mkvrivi, zedapiri ki

mdidari da elvarea.

istoriul da mxatvrul aspeqtebTan mimarTebaSi samocdaaTianelTa

Taobis saukeTeso warmomadgenelTa moRvaweoba SeiZleba ganisazRvros,

rogorc Taviseburi gardamavali periodi erovnuli mxatvruli

cnobierebis Semdgomi ganaxlebisa Tu misi sulier-Sinaarsobrivi

gaazrebis gzaze. cxadia, igi warmoadgens erTgvar damakavSirebel rgols

rogorc wina, ise momdevno etapebTan da mxatvrul-istoriuli

TvalsazrisiT sakuTari TviTmyofadi saxe gaaCnia.

1980-ian wlebSi qarTul xelovnebaSi Cndeba avangardis mxatvarTa

mTeli pleada, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli mxatvroba TandaTan

erTveba im movlenaTa rigSi, romelic am periodSi mimdinareobs

dasavlur mxatvrul samyaroSi. rodesac oTxmocianelTa Taobaze

saubroben, pirvel rigSi gamorCeuli individualobis mqone mxatvrebs _

irakli farjians, gia buRaZes da levan WoRoSvils asaxeleben. es is

sami mxatvaria, romelTa SemoqmedebaSic praqtikulad Tavi moiyara am

TaobisaTvis damaxasiaTebelma yvela siaxlem.

oTxmocianelTa SemoqmedebiT asparezze gamoCenis aTvlis wertilad

1985 wels g. buRaZisa da l. WoRoSvilis mier mxatvris saxlSi mowyobil

gamofenas miiCneven, rac faqtiurad am Taobis saprogramo ganacxadad

iqca. eqspoziciaze warmodgenili namuSevrebi _ g. buRaZis matianeebze

dayrdnobiT saqarTvelos istoriis Temebze Seqmnili didi tiloebi da

l. WoRoSvilis saqarTvelos mefeTa portretebi _ sruliad axali

xelovnebis demonstrireba iyo, es iyo Cveneba xelovnebisa, romlis

yvelaze Rirebuli Tvisebebi saqarTvelos sulieri warsulis

siRrmiseul gaazrebaSi, saxviT xelovnebaSi Tematuri suraTis,

sazogadod msoflio kulturis monapovarTa da tradiciaTa axlebur

aRqmasa da damkvidrebaSi mdgomareobda. am gamofenam TvalnaTliv

cxadyo, rom qarTul mxatvrobaSi sruliad axali, cocxali nakadi

Semovida; movida axali Taoba, romlisTvisac ferwera gascda sakuTriv

ferweruli, formalisturi, viwromxatvruli problemebis farglebs da

romelsac axleburad esmoda mxatvrobis misia da roli sazogadoebriv

cxovrebaSi.

35

am erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli mxatvruli xelweris,

temperamentisa da esTetikis mqone mxatvars (i. farjiani, g. buRaZe, l.

WoRoSvili) aerTianebda Semecnebis dauokebeli survili da

siaxleebisadmi gaxsniloba. maT gaafarToves mxatvrobis

inteleqtualuri horizontebi, siRrme da filosofiuri JReradoba

daubrunes qarTul mxatvrobas.

i. farjiani aqtiurad muSaobda dazgur ferwerasa da grafikaSi.

Seqmnili aqvs portretebi, naturmortebi, peizaJebi, abstraqtuli

kompoziciebi, metafizikuri landSaftebi, suraTebi saxarebis

siuJetebze, wignis ilustraciebi. igi maZiebeli bunebis mqone, moazrovne

mxatvari iyo, romelic mudmivad eZebda axal formebs, Temebs, magram

siaxle misTvis TviTmizani ar iyo, mas marTlac gaaCnda axali saTqmeli.

misi mxatvruli interesebis wre farToa, magram, rac gansakuTrebiT

aRsaniSnavia, mis SemoqmedebaSi Semodis religiuri Tematika. wlebis

ganmavlobaSi tabudadebuli Tema kvlav brundeba qarTul xelovnebaSi.

jer kidev 1970_iani wlebis bolos i. farjiani qmnis or wigns _

markozisa da ioanes saxarebebs. niSandoblivia, rom is mxolod ki ar

asuraTebs saxarebebs, aramed teqstebsac ki sakuTari xeliT wers, xeliT

xatavs Sig TavsarT-bolosarTebs da sazedao asoebs. misTvis es wignebi

mTliania, romelSic teqsti da ilustracia ganuyofelia. es wignis

gadaweris uZvelesi tradiciis aRorZinebis unikaluri mcdelobaa, magram

tradiciasTan kavSiri mxolod amiT ar Semoifargleba. pirobiTobasa da

ganzogadebaSi, miniaturaTa kompoziciur Tu feradovan wyobaSi aSkarad

vlindeba kavSiri Sua saukuneebis qristianul ZeglebTan. am siaxlovis

miuxedavad avtori axerxebs darCes Tanamedrove mxatvrad,

romlisTvisac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba yovelive sakuTars,

individualizmis prizmaSi gardatexils. am saxarebaTa mxatvruli ena da

esTetika, saxeTa uSualoba religiuri gancdis siRrmesTan erTad

zemoqmedebs mnaxvelze da mas uCens erTgvar SegrZnebas, TiTqos am

wignebis gadafurcvlisas igi ara usulo sagans, aramed cocxal,

msunTqav organizms exeba (kldiaSvili 2006 : 7-8).

Tavis ferwerul namuSevrebSi i. farjiani ikvlevs zogadad saxviTi

xelovnebis iseT problemebs, rogoricaa sinaTlisa da Crdilis,

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sivrcisa da sibrtyis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxebi. am xerxebiT igi

faqtiurad aqrobs plastikur formas, romelsac sinaTlis sxeulad

aqcevs da amiT mis dematerializacias axdens. am TvalsazrisiT metad

sainteresoa misi didi zomis jvarcmis kompoziciebi, romlebSic

TandaTanobiT qreba, dematerializdeba yvelaferi _ figurebi, foni. aq

aRar arsebobs xelSesaxebi materia, radgan yovelive TeTr manaTobel

sivrceSi iZireba _ `yoveli materia, es aris Sededebuli sinaTle”

(farjiani). esec tradiciis erT-erTi gamovlinebaa.

i. farjianisaTvis qristianoba is qvakuTxedia, razedac agebs igi

Tavis mravalferovan Semoqmedebas; misi namuSevrebi gansakuTrebuli

sulierebiT gamoirCevian, mnaxveli cxadad grZnobs Tu rogor asxiveben

isini Tavis TavSi dagrovil naTels, Tu rogor aris TiTqosda

umniSvnelo detalic ki datvirTuli didi, keTili energiiT, romelic

suraTidan uwyvetad moedineba. yoveli forma, figura misTvis TiTqos

sakraluri sagania, radganac masSi maradiuli arsi xiblavs mxatvars.

Tavis e. w. berlinur ciklSi amitomac xatavs igi erTsa da igive siuJets

_ swored “xareba” da “jvarcma” xdeba misTvis gansakuTrebiT

sagulisxmo, sadac cdilobs bolomde ganTavisufldes materialuri

formebisagan da mxolod suli datovos sasuraTo sibrtyeze. asea

portretebSic, navebis seriaSic, yvavilebSic; `misi bolodroindeli

abstraqciebi Tu ukidegano landSaftebi swored rom usasrulo

samyaroSi, fizikuri da eTeruli sxeulidan astralur sivrceSi gasvlis

mcdelobaa _ iq, sadac metafizikuri dumilia da sadac

Tanabaruflebiania naTelic da bnelic “ (ciciSvili 2000:4).

irakli farjiani umdidres tradiciasTan Tanaziari, Tanamedrove

saxviTobis ganumeorebeli stiluri Tu teqnologiuri xerxebiT qmnis

Tavis TviTmyofad Semoqmedebas. yoveli misi namuSevrisaTvis, rasac ar

unda xatavdes igi, umniSvnelovanesi da gamaerTianebelia farjianiseuli

miTi ukvdavi sulis Sesaxeb, `sinaTlis Tavis TavSi dagrovebiT da

miwierebis gancdiT”(farjiani); amosavali erTia _ es aris Tema naTelisa

da bnelisa, xilulisa Tu Crdilisa, keTilisa da borotisa.

2000 wels Tbilisis xuTma galeream erTdroulad warmoadgina i.

farjianis farTomasStabiani retrospeqtuli eqspozicia, romelic

37

mxatvris 50 wlisTavs mieZRvna. gamofenam udidesi sazogadoebrivi

rezonansi gamoiwvia. i. farjianis Semoqmedeba aseTi sisruliT arasodes

warmoCenila, igi faqtiurad Tavidan iqna “aRmoCenili”, mravali axali

waxnagiT warsdga damTvaliereblis winaSe, rac WeSmariti xelovnebis

upirobo Tvisebaa.

oTxmocianelTa Taobis kidev erTi umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenelia

gia buRaZe, romelic ase ayalibebs Tavis kredos:

`21 wlamde mindoda vyofiliyavi mxatvari da amisTvis vmuSaobdi

Zalian bevrs.

21-wlidan 28 wlamde mindoda vyofiliyavi musikosi da amas vakeTebdi

mxatvrobiT.

28-wlidan 35 wlamde mindoda vyofiliyavi filosofosi da amasac

mxatvrobiT vcdilobdi.

dRes minda viyo adamiani, romelic fxizeli cnobierebiT gaxsnili

Sevegebebi bedisweras da amasac mxatvrobiT gavakeTeb.”

xelovnebis fundameturi problemebis gadasinjva, SemoqmedebiTi

procesis TviTSemecnebis aqtad qceva, xelovnebis sinTezis problemaTa

kvleva da eqsperimentireba, farTo socio-kulturuli da istoriuli

konteqstebis aRqma-Secnoba, Tanamedrove dasavluri mxatvrobis saxviTi

xerxebisa da stilebis gaazreba, gadafaseba da sakuTar erovnul

fesvebTan da tradiciebTan organuli kavSiris damyareba _ ai,

problemaTa is arasruli rigi, romelsac svams da garkveulad kidec

wyvets Tavis SemoqmedebaSi mxatvari.

“g.buRaZe Zalze aqtiuri, mravalmxrivi pirovnebaa, interesebis farTo

speqtriT, rac misi mxatvrobis mravalferovnebasa da saocar

produqtiulobaSi vlindeba. didi Temebi, zogadsakacobrio problemebi

asazrdoebs mis mxatvrobas, uamrav seriebs: vagnerisa da maleris Temebze

Seqmnili seriebi, “qarTlis cxovreba” da aTsammet asurel mamaTa seria,

“don Juani”, “jadosnuri fleita”, “intuiciebi dantes Temaze”,

“apolonuri tragediebi”, “romantikuli aluziebi” da mravali sxva.

musikidan, istoriidan, miTologiidan, saxarebidan miRebuli informacia

mxatvrisaTvis cocxali saazrovno masalaa, romelic Semoqmedis Sinagan

prizmaSi gardatexili Tavisebur saxe-xatebad gardaiqmneba sasuraTe

38

sibrtyeze. isini moklebulia TxrobiTobas, ilustratiulobas,

prozaulobas. mis SemoqmedebaSi yovelive scildeba faqtis sazRvrebs,

Tavs aRwevs warmavlobas da adis garkveuli zeSinaarsobriobis xarisxSi.

yoveli movlena da masTan dakavSirebuli sagani mis suraTebSi kargavs

Tavis realobas da saxe-simbolod iqceva. es aris ferwera, sadac saxe-

xati azrobrivad zusti da emociurad metyvelia” (kldiaSvili 2000 : 2 ).

aRsaniSnavia, rom Sesrulebis xerxebi ideidan gamomdinare icvleba.

stiluri mravalferovneba, erTgvari polistilistika g. buRaZis

programuli principia. `mxatvris mier gamoyenebul teqnikur

SesaZleblobaTa diapazoni Tavbrudamxvevia. masSi Tanaarsebobs

`impresionistuli” monasmi, tonaluri modelireba, lokaluri

feradovani laqebi, msxvili, farTo weris manera; mxatvari mimarTavs

lisirebis xerxs, iyenebs `valors” da a.S... ...… es teqnikaTa ekleqtizmi

Tu teqnikur saSualebaTa erTgvari kolaJi mxatvarma kargad moargo

Tanamedrove `daSlili” samyaros vizualur-racionalur metaforizacias.

es sinkretuli daqucmacebuli codna, post-modernistuli danawevrebuli

samyaros axsna-gagebaa an SesaZloa samyaros `Zveli” mTlianobis aRdgena-

dabrunebaze ocnebac iyos” (mamalaZe-anTelava 2010 :55).

g. buRaZis xelovneba sakuTari erovnuli fesvebidan modis da

tradiciebTan organul kavSirs amJRavnebs. amave dros igi Tavisi

problematikiTa da formiT WeSmaritad Tanamedrove mxatvrobaa. misi

Semoqmedeba ar warmoadgens samyaros cocxal suraTs, es misi azria, misi

codnaa samyaroze, romelic mxatvrul-vizualuri metaforis saxiTaa

gamoTqmul-asaxuli. avtoris mxatvruli sistema es misi individualuri

eqsperimentia, misi cdebia postmodernuli formaTqmnadobisa. g. buRaZis

mxatvroba samyaros vizualur racionalizacias warmoadgens.

levan WoRoSvili oTxmocianelTa Taobis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani

warmomadgenelia. mis mxatvrul formas zogadad asazrdoebs, erTis

mxriv, qarTuli saero miniatura, Sua saukuneebis qarTuli monumenturi

ferwera da e.w. `Tbilisuri portretuli mxatvroba”, meores mxriv, aseve

zogadad, esaa evropuli mimdinareobebi _ fovizmi, kubizmi Tu calkeuli

mxatvrebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom am ori (aRmosavluri da dasavluri) sawyisis

originaluri Serwyma masTan metad organul saxes iZens, rac avtoris

39

mxatvrul alRos, stilis utyuar grZnobas amJRavnebs. l. WoRoSvilis

TviTmyofadi mxatvruli samyaro upirveles yovlisa gansaxierebulia mis

jgufur, an ojaxur portretebSi, romlebzedac ufro xSirad qarTveli

Tavadaznaurobaa aRbeWdili. es suraTebi TiTqos erTgvari nostalgiaa

didi xnis win gamqrali klasis cxovrebaze, sevdiani mogonebaa qarTul

xasiaTsa da qarTul sulze. sagulisxmoa, rom mxatvars ainteresebs

portretis Janri ara rogorc erTi pirovnebis, misi xasiaTis gaxsnis

saSualeba, aramed rogorc adamianTa mTeli koleqtivis, maTi erTobis,

socialuri, sulieri Tu msoflmxedvelobiTi kavSiris gadmocemis

SesaZlebloba. l. WoRoSvilis namuSevrebSi erTdroulad vlindeba

saxeTa monumenturobac da individualuri, saxasiaTo damajereblobac,

rac gamZafrebulia deformaciis, stilizaciis, utrirebis meSveobiT. misi

portretebi, miuxedavad pirobiTobisa, savsebiT konkretul

STabeWdilebas axdenen mayurebelze. cxadia, rom mxatvrisaTvis

amosavalia arsebuli obieqtis, personaJis ganumeoreblobis gadmocema,

rasac igi saxviTi formis pirobiT enaze transformaciiT anxorcielebs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom l. WoRoSvilis jgufur portretebSi personaJTa

saxeebi yvelaze mkafio aqcentebia, romlebic gamoiyofa, rogorc

damuSavebiT, aseve individualur-saxasiaTo niSnebiT. Zunwad, lakoniurad

damuSavebuli saxeebi, pirobiTobisa da stilizaciis miuxedavad,

cocxali da gamomsaxvelia; yvelaferi danarCeni _ sxeuli, tanisamosi,

foni, Zalze zogadadaa miniSnebuli. mravalferovani mxatvruli

kombinaciebiT _ sibrtyobriv-dekoraciuli gadawyvetiT, masalis

gaSiSvlebiT, metyveli xazisa da brtyeli feradi laqis aJRerebiT Ll.

WoRoSvili qmnis Tavisebur samyaros gamqrali qarTuli warsulisa,

sadac yovelive RirsebiTa da keTilSobilebiT aris gamsWvaluli,

samyaros, romelic mxatvris Sinagan aucileblobad gancdili SegrZnebis

Tavisebur realizacias warmoadgens.

sazRvrebis gaxsnam gza gauxsna informacias da qarTveli mxatvrebic

ukve aqtiurad gaecvnen dasavlur xelovnebaSi mimdinare procesebs.

asparezze gamovidnen oTxmocianelTa sxva warmomadgenlebic: gia

eZgveraZe, gia guguSvili, irakli suTiZe, levan laRiZe, Salva

matuaSvili da sxv., romelTa Semoqmedeba TemaTa sruliad gansxvavebuli

40

gadawyvetiT da Sesrulebis maneriT xasiaTdeba. istoriuli warsulis

romantika da dRevandelobis amaoeba, simbolika da metaforebi, formaTa

erTgvari geometriuloba da sivrcis sibrtyovani gadmocema, yofiTi

aqsesuaris uaryofa da daxvewili grafikuloba, Taviseburi ironia

salonuri xelovnebis mimarT da karnavaluri feradovneba_aseTia am

avtorTa SemoqmedebiTi miswrafebebi.

rogorc cnobilia, 1970-80-iani wlebidan dasavlur xelovnebaSi

mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi SeiniSneba. pirobiTad es tendencia italieli

xelovnebaTmcodnis akile bonito olivas mier saxeldebul iqna rogorc

“transavangardi”. Mman es termini 1979 wels Semoitana Tavis statiaSi,

romelSic Tanamedrove italieli mxatvrebis _ franCesko klementes,

sandro kias, enco kukis, nikola de marias da mimo paladinos

Semoqmedebas ganixilavda. 1982 wels naSromSi “internacionaluri

transavangardi”, romelic man wamyvan evropel da amerikel

kritikosebTan TanaavtorobiT gamoaqveyna, oliva am saxelwodebaSi

aerTianebs neoeqspresionizms, Tavisufal figuratiulobas da sxva post-

modernistul mimarTulebebs. Aamdenad, transavangardi warmoCinda

zogaddasavlur rakursSi gansxvavebuli saerTaSoriso dajgufebebiT,

lokaluri niSnebiTa da TaviseburebebiT. swored am dros daiwyo

kulturuli da mxatvruli memkvidreobis Taviseburi gacnobiereba,

gaizarda interesi Tematuri suraTis mimarT, aqtualuri gaxda bibliuri

da miTologiuri motivebi. Ppost-modernistul mxatvrobaSi

gamoiyeneboda sxvadasxva saxis alegoriebi Tu simboloebi. Aam

mimarTulebis warmomadgenlebi (georg bazelici, markus luperci, anselm

kiferi, penki, Jan-miSel baskia, julian Snabeli da sxv.) daubrundnen

tradiciul gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebs, isini aqtiurad mimarTavdnen

ironias, iyenebdnen groteskul xerxebs. sainteresoa, rom TiTqmis amave

periodSi analogiuri tendenciebi SeiniSneba qarTul mxatvrobaSi,

gansakuTrebuli sicxadiT ki i. farjianis, g. buRaZis, l. WoRoSvilis, g.

eZgveraZis nawarmoebebSi.

am Taobas mohyva kidev erTi pleada mxatvrebisa, romlebic sxvadasxva

dajgufebebs warmoadgendnen (“arqivariusebi”, “meaTe sarTuli”,

“marjaniSvilis saxelosno”), Tumca isini didi xnis ganmavlobaSi erTad

41

muSaobdnen, erTad awyobdnen gamofenebs_es mxatvrebia: karlo kaWarava,

ilia zautaSvili, niko cecxlaZe, mamuka cecxlaZe, oleg timCenko da sxv.

maTgan erT-erTi saintereso figura k. kaWarava iyo. Mxatvris

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi Tu saerTo msoflmxedvelobrivi

safuZvlebi germanuli eqspresionizmiT iyo nasazrdoebi, Tumca misi

xelovneba Zalze Taviseburia, igi kargad icnobda transavangardul

esTetikas, rac TavisTavad exmareboda mas axali ideebis am kuTxiT

ganxorcielebaSi. figuratiuli namuSevrebi, mravlismetyveli, TiTqos

sevdanarevi saxeebi, poeziasTan Serwymuli mxatvroba, saerTo

kompoziciis fragmentizacia is arsebiTi Tvisebebia, rac Tan axlavs mis

xelovnebas. Ffaqtobrivad es pleada saerTo ideebis mqone SemoqmedTa

jgufs warmoadgenda, romelic sakuTar individualur SesaZleblobebze

dayrdnobiT axerxebda Tanadrouli dasavluri – post-modernistuli

mxatvruli formebis SeTvisebas. maTi xelovneba, miuxedavad garkveuli

gaucnobierebeli aspeqtebisa, gaazrebuli da nafiqri iyo.

amrigad, XX s-is qarTuli saxviTi xelovnebis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva

aspeqtis ganxilvisas, TvalnaTliv ikveTeba ara marto is etapebi,

romelTac mxatvruli cxovrebis SefasebisaTvis gansazRvruli

mniSvneloba aqvT, aramed mravali mxatvruli movlena, stilisturi

mimarTuleba, romlebic, miuxedavad Sinagani winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse

istoriisa, qarTul xelovnebaSi mkafiod gamoxatuli, individualuri

xasiaTisa Tu xelweris mqone mxatvarTa SemoqmedebiT aris

ganpirobebuli.

dRevandeli qarTuli mxatvroba iseTive Wreli da mravalferovania,

rogorc mTels msoflioSi. politikurma da pirovnulma Tavisuflebam

Taviseburi zegavlena iqonia mimdinare mxatvrul procesebze _

akrZaluli araferia, arc Tema, arc forma da arc xerxebi. dRes

yvelafers naxavT tradiciuli mxatvrobidan dawyebuli,

ultraTanamedrove teqnologiebiT damTavrebuli _ aqcia, performansi,

hepeningi, videoarti ucxo aRar aris Tanamedrove sazogadoebisaTvis;

magram procesebi imdenad mravalsaxovani da winaaRmdegobrivia, rom

rTuldeba Rirebulisa da mdare xelovnebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna.

amas, albaT droSi distancireba sWirdeba.

42

Tavi II. esma onianis mxatvruli meTodis stilisturi

Taviseburebebi

esma onianis saxeli dRes kargad aris cnobili rogorc

saqarTveloSi, ise mis farglebs gareTac. am saintereso mxatvrisa da

poetis moRvaweoba mniSvnelovan wvlils warmoadgens Tanamedrove

qarTuli xelovnebis ganviTarebaSi. SemoqmedebiT asparezze

gamosvlisTanave e. onianma yuradReba miipyro, rogorc niWierma

xelovanma. mxatvris Semoqmedeba TiTqmis oTxi aTeuli wlis manZilze

ganicdis Tavisebur logikur evolucias sakuTari mxatvruli meTodis,

individualuri sistemis Camoyalibebis gzaze. xelovanis gamorCeuli,

TviTmyofadi xedva 1970-iani wlebidan yalibdeba, Tumca jer kidev 1960-

ian wlebSi Sesrulebuli saukeTeso namuSevrebi cxadyofen mis maRal

profesiul ostatobas.

1957 – 63 wlebSi e. oniani swavlobda Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis

ferweris fakultetze, sadac gamoCenili mxatvris uCa jafariZis

saxelosnoSi man seriozuli akademiuri skola gaiara. igi safuZvelSive

Zalian kargad flobs realisturi mxatvrobis principebs,

damajereblobiT gadmoscems realur formas, moculobas, sivrces. am

droisaTvis Sesrulebuli mravalricxovani etiudebi, SiSveli naturebi,

sakurso namuSevrebi, portretebi naTlad avlenen damwyebi mxatvris

SemoqmedebiT niWs. “studentobis bolo wlebis namuSevrebSi ukve

dajerebuli mxatvris Tvali da xeli mosCans (mamis, s. bolqvaZis, j.

kaSias portretebi). am periodis namuSevrebi udaod sakuTari esTetiuri

Rirebulebis matareblebi arian. mkafiod Cans mxatvar-fermweris

polifoniuri azrovneba, rTuli amocanebis sinTezuri gadawyveta:

asaxvis sagnis xasiaTis danaxva, misi gamovlena naxatSi, kompoziciaSi,

ferweraSi, weris dinamikur maneraSi da a. S.” (xoStaria 2003 : 17 ).

e. onianis studentobis periodi daemTxva im arsebiTi Zvrebis xanas,

roca qarTul saxviT xelovnebaSi gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT dadga

mxatvruli formis srulyofis problema, anu feris, naxatis, kompoziciis

gagebis sakiTxi. “ormocdaaTianelebma” winamorbed TaobaTa SemoqmedebiTi

gamocdilebis Tvisobrivi gadafasebis safuZvelze wamoiwyes Tamami

Ziebebi mxatvrul-ferwerul enasTan mimarTebiT. rogorc cnobilia XX s-

43

is dasawyisSi qarTuli mxatvrobis svla evropuli xelovnebis

kvaldakval, misi organuli ganviTareba 1930-iani wlebisaTvis

xelovnurad SeCerda. mxatvruli specifikis sferoSi Ziebebis ganaxlebas

uaxlesi drois mxatvroba 1950-iani wlebis meore naxevridan ubrundeba.

es periodi qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi xanaa – es

aris gardatexis periodi, romelmac 1960-iani wlebidan Tvisobrivi

cvlilebebis saxe miiRo. qarTuli xelovnebis wiaRSi isaxeba da

viTardeba sruliad axali, socrealizmis xelovnebisagan radikalurad

gansxvavebuli mxatvruli tendenciebi. sxvadasxva ferweruli amocanebis

specifikuri gadawyvetis sakiTxebs aqtiurad aviTareben j. xundaZe, e.

kalandaZe, z. niJaraZe, g. quTaTelaZe, a. varazi da sxva ostatebi. Tavisi

mxatvruli msoflaRqmiT, SemoqmedebiTi meTodis konceptualuri da

formaluri Taviseburebebis mkafio gamovleniT e. oniani

ormocdaaTianelTa tradiciebis Rirseul gamgrZeleblad gvevlineba.

1960-ian wlebSi Seqmnili adreuli periodis suraTebi Tavisi arsiT

realisturia da Sesrulebulia tradiciuli akademiuri ferweris

standartul normebSi, Tumca maTSi ukve naTlad ikiTxeba e. onianis

erTgvari midrekileba weris Tavisufali manerisadmi. namuSevrebis

koloristuli gadawyveta SedarebiT muqi, TavSekavebulia da upiratesad

moyavisfro _ moyviTalo, momwvano – monacrisfro tonebzea agebuli.

weris gluvi manera, tilos zedapirze Txlad dadebuli saRebavis fena

gamosaxulebas realistur gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs da igi moculobis,

formis plastikuri modelirebis mniSvnelovan maxasiaTebels

warmoadgens. foni, sivrce, garemo zogjer pirobiTi, aRniSnulia didi

zomis feradovani sibrtyeebiT, zogjer ki mocemulia oTaxis kuTxis Tu

interieris calkeuli detalebis zogadi miniSnebiT.

Sinagani dinamika, Sesrulebis erTgvari eskizuri manera axasiaTebs

janri kaSias portretebs (t/z 118X71, 1963.; t/z 68X48, 1968). 1963 w.

Sesrulebuli namuSevari vertikalur kompoziciur ritms eqvemdebareba.

sasuraTo sibrtyes faqtiurad mTlianad avsebs Zveleburi mrgvali skamis

kideze Camomjdari axalgazrda mamakacis figura. gamomsaxvelia misi

Zlieri xelebi, pirdapiri, mtkice mzera, rac personaJs mkacr

gamometyvelebas aniWebs. 1968 wliT daTariRebul suraTSi gmiris

44

xasiaTis ufro lirikuli gaxsna Cans, rasac misi sevdiani gamoxedva

avlens. mxatvari mimarTavs kompoziciis efeqtur kadrirebas:

portretirebuli gamosaxulia wels zemoT, mxrebis diagonaluri xaziT,

odnav marcxniv gadaxrili Tavis dayenebiT xazgasmulia figuris

metyveli plastika. personaJis Tavisufali, Zaldautanebeli poza

aqcentirebulia skamis sazurgeze Camodebuli marjvena xelis bunebrivi

JestiT.

e. onianis adreul nawarmoebTagan xasiaTis mkveTri gamovlenis

kuTxiT gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs kinoreJisor oTar

ioselianis portreti (t/z 78X58, 1964), romelSic mocemulia

inteleqtualuri adamianis saocrad individualizebuli, fsiqologiuri

saxe. TavisTavSi CaRrmavebuli damwyebi reJisori aRsavsea Sinagani

mRelvarebiT _ is TiTqos wuTiT moswyda Tavis fiqrs da Wkviani mzera

mayureblisaTvis miupyria. didi Sinagani Zalisxmeva, sulieri

koncentracia, Zlieri SemoqmedebiTi muxti naTlad ikiTxeba am

STambeWdavi pirovnebis saxeSi. damTvaliereblis winaSea sakuTar TavTan

martod darCenili moazrovne adamiani. Oo. ioselianis eleganturi poza,

Cacmuloba _ moyavisfro-moruxo halstuxi da sayelo, moyavisfro

Jileti da momwvano velvetis pijaki xazs usvams mis inteligentur

garegnobas.

Mmxatvrul-stilisturi Tu kompoziciuri gadawyvetis msgavsi meTodi

aris gamoyenebuli “pianist manana kovziriZis portretSi” (t/z 100X69,

1967), romelic Tbili, uSualo ganwyobiT aris gamsWvaluli. suraTze

gamosaxulia axalgazrda qalis kadrSi mWidrod CaWedili moculobiTi

figura. taxtze mjdomare qaliSvilis Tavisufali poza, gaSlili

wablisferi Tmebisa da mxrebze daudevrad dafenili TeTri Tavsafris

mousvenari ritmi namuSevars cxovelxatul gamomsaxvelobas,

dinamikurobas aniWebs. gansakuTrebiT mimzidvelia pianistis xelis

mtevnebi, misi grZeli, lamazi TiTebis daxvewili plastika. grZnobaTa

Relvis mTeli amplituda vlindeba mis STagonebul saxeSi.

garkveuli fsiqologiuri niuansebiT aris aRbeWdili “moqandake gogi

Sxvacabaias” (t/z 115X80, 1964), “mweral daviT javaxiSvilis” (t/z 120X80,

1965) portretebi. am personaJebis emociur xasiaTs, Sinagan dinamikas,

45

daufarav SemoqmedebiT muxts naTlad amJRavnebs saxeTa metyveleba,

plastika, koloriti Tu kompoziciuri gadawyvetis Taviseburebani.

amdenad, ganxiluli nimuSebis magaliTze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom e.

onianis adreuli periodis suraTebi jer kidev moklebulni arian

saxovani ganzogadebis Tu mxatvruli gardasaxvis im xarisxs, rac maT

harmoniuli mTlianobis SegrZnebiT warmoaCens. figura, sivrce, feri,

foni am namuSevrebSi jer kidev ar gaerTianebula da gansxeulebula im

mowiTalo Tbil gamaSi, rac mogvianebiT namuSevrebs Tavisebur poetur

JReradobas, romantikul intonacias mianiWebs.

1970-in wlebSi yalibdeba e. onianis originaluri msoflmxedveloba,

individualuri mxatvruli azrovneba da ferweruli manera. Tavs iCens

mxatvris swrafva rTuli ferweruli amocanebis sinTezuri

gadawyvetisadmi. TandaTan, sakmaod kargad gamoxatuli etapebiT icvleba

avtoris damokidebuleba asaxvis obieqtisadmi; sagnobrivi formis

transformireba, sivrce-sibrtyis, tonaloba-feris gamovlena erT mTelSi

e. onianis SemoqmedebiTi interesebis umTavres sagans warmoadgens. 1970-

ian ww. Sesrulebuli mravalferovani tiloebi TavianTi mxatvrul-

stilisturi gadawyvetis TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdebian. am nawarmoebebSi

mkafiod ikveTeba mxatvris Semoqmedebis is sxvadasxva aspeqti Tu

mxatvruli amocana, romlebic am droisaTvis jer kidev erTmaneTisagan

damoukideblad arian warmodgenilni da rasac avtori perioduli

monacvleobiT mimarTavs: erTis mxriv, es aris mimarTuleba, sadac wamyvan

rols TamaSobs plastikur formaTa metyveli pastozuri Zerwva, meores

mxriv _ mTeli rigi suraTebisa, romlebSic naTlad ikiTxeba

sivrcobrivi problematika da swrafva gamaerTianebeli Suq-haerovani

mowiTalo-movardisfro gamis Seqmnisaken.

1970-iani wlebi didad nayofieria esma onianis xelovnebaSi. misi

mxatvruli stili ufro ixveweba, SemoqmedebiTi miznebi ki ufro mkafiod

Camoyalibebul saxes iRebs da erTian sistemad yalibdeba. am etapze

mxatvari gatacebulia materialuri, moculobiTi, mkvrivi formebis

gadmocemiT, rac JReradi, Tamami feradovani SexamebiT miiRweva.

mkafiod saxasiaToa “mweral guram rCeuliSvilis portreti” (t/z

120X80, 1974), romelic weris farTo, pastozuri maneriT aris

46

Sesrulebuli. kompoziciis struqtura diagonalur agebas eqvemdebareba,

rasac sqeli Savi denadi konturiT Semowerili, wiTel savarZelSi

mjdomi personaJis dinamikuri poza da Tavad savarZlis sivrceSi

ganTavseba qmnis. modeli msxvil planSia gamosaxuli da suraTis

zedapiris did nawils ikavebs, rac mas Tavisebur monumentur

gamomsaxvelobas, mniSvnelovanebas aniWebs. nawarmoebis koloristuli

aRqmis centrs personaJis saxisa da xelebis, misi figuris abrisis

aRmniSvneli mowiTalo-moyavisfro, narinjisfer-yviTeli feri

warmoadgens, rac meore planis aqcentebis saxiT gamoZaxils poulobs

ukan gamosaxul fanjrebSi; maTi vertikaluri da horizontaluri

mimarTulebis CarCoebi mxatvruli qsovilis gamaerTianebel funqcias

iTavsebs. intensiurad JReradi ferebi aq maqsimalur saxviT datvirTvas

iZenen, romliTac iqmneba forma, gadmoicema sinaTle, am ukanasknelis

meSveobiT ki _ sivrce. suraTis erTian, eqspresiul faqturul zedapirze

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs axalgazrda mwerlis saxasiaTo,

metyveli saxe, masSi garegnul msgavsebasTan erTad aRniSnulia xasiaTis

zogadi Tvisebebi _ inteleqti, vaJkacuri buneba, udreki nebisyofa.

amgvari mxatvruli amocanebia dasaxuli iseT namuSevrebSi

rogorebicaa: mxatvar amiran tyebuCavas (t/z 107X62, 1977), mocekvave

latavra foCianis (t/z 90X60, 1970), msaxiob lali baduraSvilis (t/z

82X60, 1978) portretebi, romlebsac msuye, lamazi ferwera, dinamikuri

forma da eqspresiuli faqtura gamoarCevs. am TvalsaCino namuSevrebSi

izrdeba swrafva ferweruli gamomsaxvelobisadmi, koloriti mdidrdeba

da mTliandeba, mxatvris palitraze TbilTan erTad uxvad Cndeba civi

tonebi. es kompoziciebi, sada da lakoniuri, vertikalur RerZzea

agebuli; personaJTa poza Tavisufalia, cocxlad aris gadmocemuli

detalebi _ samosi, aqsesuari, Tma, saxis formebi da sxv.

ojaxuri scenebi, ramdenime niu, iSviaTad Tbilisuri peizaJi,

ukanasknel wlebSi Seqmnili didi Tematuri kompoziciebi faqtiurad

gansazRvravs Semoqmedis Janrul diapazons, magram Tavisi mowodebiT igi

WeSmariti portretistia _ e. onianis mxatvruli interesebis qvakuTxeds

adamianis Sinagani cxovreba warmoadgens, romelic realuri movlenebiT

STagonebuli gancdebis, emociebis, Wvretis Tavisebur monacvleobas

47

emyareba. aRsaniSnavia, rom mxatvris suraTebSi gansakuTrebul

JReradobas iZens bavSvobis xatovani mogonebebi, romlebic gamudmebiT

Cndebian da sxvadasxvagvari interpretaciiT warmoCndebian mis poetur,

Rrmad nostalgiur tiloebze. e. onianis mxatvruli samyaro

gasxivosnebulia mogonebebiT ojaxze _ deda, mama, da, naTesavebi Tu

megobrebi misi suraTebis ucvleli gmirebi arian.

1970-iani wlebis meore naxevars ganekuTvneba e. onianis mier

Sesrulebuli SesaniSnavi portretebi, ojaxuri scenebi, SiSveli

figurebi da a. S. , romlebSic mTeli sisavsiT mJRavndeba mxatvris

individualuri xelweris niSnebi. ferweruloba matulobs _ feri am

namuSevrebSi formis gamovlenis umTavres maxasiaTebels warmoadgens da

uzustes naxatTan erTad ama Tu im personaJis, sagnisa Tu movlenis

mkafio daxasiaTebas iZleva. suraTebSi gabatonebulia muqi, intensiuri

mowiTalo-moiisfro koloriti, romelic erTgvari xelovnuri naTebis

STabeWdilebas tovebs da namuSevars eqspresiul gamomsaxvelobas

aniWebs. tiloebis ferweruli faqtura erTiani da mkvrivi, zedapiri ki

mdidari da elvarea.

e. onianis originaluri ferweruli azrovnebis Sesaxeb mxatvari j.

xundaZe aRniSnavs: “igi idumalebisa da meditaciisaken feris struqturiT

Sesvlas axerxebs, sagnis gasulierebisaken swrafvas axerxebs” ( xundaZe

2003:275). marTlac, e. oniani intuiciurad Wvrets da gamoxatavs “Zirismier

suls sagnisa, romelic dabadebamdel xsovnaSi iRebs saTaves;

dabadebamde CvenTvis naCveneb CabeWdil aqaur saganTa pirvel nimuSebs

amogvacnobinebs, Cvensave sulSi mZinares” (oniani, 2003:218). sxvadasxva

pirovnebis, sagnisa Tu movlenis asaxvisas mxatvari cdilobs Cawvdes mis

arss da ar kmayofildeba naturuli aRqmiT. piriqiT, ama Tu im sagnis

garegnuli niSnebis zusti gadmocema Tu zedmiwevniTi msgavseba misTvis

damabrkolebelic ki aris arsis Secnobis gzaze, rac e. onianis

namuSevrebis “meditaciur” xasiaTs ganapirobebs. aseTia misi mogonebiTi

xasiaTis ojaxuri scenebi: “dRis meore naxevarSi”, “deda gvikiTxavs”,

“stumrad deidasTan”, romlebSic gulwrfelad mJRavndeba mxatvris

gansakuTrebuli emociuri damokidebuleba im samyaros mimarT, sadac

48

yovelive gamosaxuli erTmaneTTan srul harmoniaSi modis, “saubrobs”

sakuTar arssa Tu mTeli scenis mniSvnelobaze.

magaliTisTvis ganvixiloT nawarmoebi “dRis meore naxevarSi” (t/z.

135X150. 1970). kompoziciis wina planze, suraTis qveda kididan siRrmisaken

ayiravebul magidaze, romelsac erTi SexedviT TiTqos zemodan vxedavT,

“mxatvruli qaosi” sufevs. Tavisufali yviTeli, lurji, Savi da alag-

alag TeTri monasmebiT brutaluri dinamikuri sibrtye iqmneba.

dakvirvebis Sedegad mnaxveli sxvadasxva sagans gamoarCevs: magidis

sibrtyis qveda marcxena kuTxeSi larnakSi Cadebuli Taiguli “ilandeba”,

mis gverdiT diagonalurad mimarTuli dana Cans, marjvena kuTxeSi ki

TiTqos xelis swrafi, wriuli moZraobiT daxatuli SuaSi yviTeli da

garSemo Savi saRebaviT moxazuli TefSi sakuTar wreSi trialebs, es

brunva centrSi dadebuli kovziT neldeba, sakuTar TavSi iketeba. ufro

siRrmeSi qaoturad dadebuli Tavisufali monasmebi saSualebas ar

iZleva raime realuri sagnis garCevisa, mxolod magidis kidesTan mjdomi

gogonas win gamosaxuli muqi naxevarwre kvlav TefSTan asocirdeba.

amgvarad daxatuli magidis zedapiri da nivTebi mnaxvelis Tvalwin

TiTqos pulsirebs da ararealur, magram cocxal, msunTqav obieqtad

gardaiqmneba. am obieqts TiTqmis araferi aqvs saerTo realobasTan,

magram es ukve sxva realobaa, realoba, romelic mxatvris cnobierebaSi

arsebobs, cocxlobs mogonebis saxiT.

avtori analogiuri principiT asaxavs adamianebsac da oTaxis

interiersac. magidis zeda kides ori personaJi uzis _ centrSi magidaze

xelebdawyobili qali mxatvris dedaa, romlis garindebuli, meocnebe

ieri lirikuli gancdis SegrZnebas tovebs. qalis figura CaZirulia

Tavis TavSi, igi TiTqos fizikurad aq imyofeba, magram amavdroulad,

garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, ganyenebuli da araamqveyniuria. is ar

amJRavnebs kontaqts arc SvilebTan, arc mnaxvelTan. iqmneba

STabeWdileba, rom es personaJi erTgvari TviTkmari arsebaa, romelic

mxatvrisaTvis dedis miuwvdomel ideals warmoadgens. dedis figuris

marcxniv gamosaxuli gogona saxasiaTo nakvTebiT Tavad mxatvari _ esma

oniania. kompiziciis qveda marjvena kuTxeSi magidas kidev erTi gogona _

mxatvris da uzis. bavSvebis pozebi erTgvarovania, isini morCilad,

49

wynarad sxedan magidis garSemo. lirikuli gancdis elementi dedidan

TiTqos bavSvebsac gadasdebiaT, Tumca maTi Taviseburad SeboWili

pozebi, uSualod mayureblisken mimarTuli dakvirvebuli mzera

gogonebis figurebs erTgvari Sinagani mRelvarebiT msWvalavs. dedis

ganyenebuli ieris sapirispirod bavSvebi koncentrirebuli, seriozuli

gamometyvelebiT realuri adamianebi arian, romlebsac TavianTi

gancdebi, fiqrebi, grZnobebi gaaCniaT; am TvalsazrisiT bavSvebsa da

qalis figuras Soris arsebiTi gansxvaveba ikiTxeba. Sinagani sulieri

moZraobis, dinamikuri impulsis SegrZnebas kidev ufro aZlierebs

figurebis Sesrulebis mxatvruli manera _ farTo, Tavisufali monasmebi,

sqeli dinamikuri Savi konturebi, romlebic Tavisebur plastikurobas,

moculobiTobas, eqspresiul gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs ganzogadebulad

daweril sxeulebs.

oTaxis interieri, romelSic es sami personaJia ganTavsebuli,

Taviseburi damoukidebeli fonismieri garemoa. aq sagnebi TiTqos

sakuTari gancdebiT cxovroben da maT erTgvari personificirebuli

mniSvneloba eniWebaT. metad gamomsaxvelia suraTis qveda marcxena

kuTxeSi mayureblisken zurgiT dadgmuli skami, romlis ucnauri

silueti magidis sibrtyis diagonalur ritms emTxveva. misi Savi,

eqspresiuli forma, romelic sqeli mowiTalo denadi konturiT aris

Semowerili, sazurgeze datanili wagrZelebuli mowiTalo dinamikuri

ovali mudmivi moZraobis, brunvis, zeswrafvis STabeWdilebas badebs.

aseve metyvelia suraTis marjvena kideSi fragmentulad mocemuli

ujrebiani karada. mis damjdar proporciebs, statikurobas Taviseburad

arRvevs zedapirze dadebuli sqeli yviTeli, Savi, TeTri pastozuri

monasmebiT Sesrulebuli mrgvali TefSi, kvlav pulsirebad sxeulad

aRiqmeba, riTac magidaze dawyobil TefSebs exmianeba.

kompoziciis sivrcobrivi struqturis srulyofilad warmoCenas xazs

usvams vertikaluri xazebiT dasazRvruli sibrtyeebi, romlebic

faqtiurad sam nawilad yofs kompozicias. dedis figuris ukan aSkarad

gamokveTili Sua sibrtyea, rac Tavisebur CarCoSi aTavsebs mas. mxolod

guldasmiT dakvirvebis Sedegad SeiZleba gavarCioT kedlis sibrtyis

aqeT-iqiT arsebuli siRrmeebi da sivrceebi_suraTis marcxena mxares

50

gamosaxulia Ria sarkmlis motivi, saidanac aseve dinamikuri, erTgvari

substanciuri konsistenciis mqone ganzogadebuli landSafti mosCans.

gamomsaxvelia marjvena mxares mocemuli, CarCoebiT SemosazRvruli

karebis Riobi, saidanac Sor manZilze gatanili avejis arakonkretuli

silueti meore oTaxis interieris pirobiTi siRrmis efeqts qmnis.

namuSevars mravalSriani ferweris mkvrivi, Suqmfinari faqtura

axasiaTebs. koloristuli TvalsazrisiT igi saocrad cxovelxatulia,

masSi gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva intensiurobis yviTeli da wiTeli

ferebis efeqturi kontrasti, rac Sav laqebTan da dinamikur

konturebTan erTad suraTs eqspresiul gamomsaxvelobas, Tavisebur

dramatul JReradobas aniWebs.

sainteresoa, rom msgavs motivs e. oniani kvlav ubrundeba kidev erT

ojaxur scenaSi “deda gvikiTxavs” (t/z. 180X170. 1975), sadac daaxloebiT

identur garemoSi igive personaJebia warmodgenili, Tumca mxatvari aq

gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis Tavisebur transformacias mimarTavs:

gazrdilia namuSevris formati, axlos aris motanili kadri, Secvlilia

koloriti da yovelive aqedan gamomdinare suraTis saerTo

ganwyobilebac. kompoziciis siRrmeSi diagonalurad mimarTuli, TiTqos

amoyiravebuli samagido sibrtye aqac zemodan ikiTxeba. masze

ganTavsebuli sagnebi _ qveda marjvena kideSi moTavsebuli TefSi,

suraTis kididan siRrmisaken diagonalurad mimarTuli dana, larnakSi

Cawyobili yvavilebi, wigni da saSaqre TavianTi ferwerul-plastikuri

gadawyvetiT aq kidev ufro bundovan, aramaterialur datvirTvas iZenen

da personificirebuli iersaxiT warsdgebian mnaxvelis winaSe. sagnebis

amgvar interpretacias aRniSnuli scena erTgvar irealur ganzomilebaSi

gadahyavs.

samagido sibrtyis garSemo aqac zustad igive TanmimdevrobiT arian

warmodgenili suraTis gmirebi – TiTqmis kvadratuli kompoziciis

geometriul centrSi gamosaxulia vardisferi kabiTa da mxrebze Sav

maqmaniani vardisferi mosasxamiT mosili sandomiani deda, romelsac win

gadaSlili wigni udevs. mis gverdiT, marcxniv magidis kidesTan Tavad

mxatvari zis, xolo qveda marjvena kuTxeSi dis figura ikveTeba. iqmneba

STabeWdileba, rom isini erTi ganwyobiT arian damuxtulni, personaJebi

51

TiTqos wuTiT moswydnen kiTxvas, TiToeuli maTganis mzera erTi

konkretuli obieqtisaken aris mimarTuli, rac mTlianobisa Tu

erTsulovnebis Tavisebur SegrZnebas badebs. magram, miuxedavad yovelive

amisa, am namuSevarSi mTeli sisavsiT mJRavndeba bavSvebis daZabuli,

koncentrirebuli xasiaTi, maTi mRelvare emociuri samyaro, rac

sruliad upirispirdeba qalis uSfoTvel iers. dedis uaRresad

keTilSobili, kdemamosili xati, rogorc erTgvari xilva, aq kidev ufro

gaucxoebuli, sakuTar TavSi Caketili da gariyulia.

nawarmoebis ukana plani sibrtyeebad dayofil fonismier garemos

warmoadgens, sadac sqeli, Savi brutaluri sibrtyeebisa da dinamikuri

wiTeli monasmebis efeqturi SeTanxmeba pirobiTi siRrmis STabeWdilebas

iZleva. iluzorulia suraTis zeda marjvena kuTxeSi sarkmlidan

danaxuli “metafizikuri peizaJi”, Tavisebur cocxal substancias

warmoadgens zeda marjvena kuTxeSi Cawerili iasamnisferi yvavilebis

Taiguli. siRrmis gancdas iwvevs “ayiravebuli” magidac, figurebisa Tu

sagnebis ganTavsebac da a. S. , magram es ar aris realuri sivrce, es mxo

lod pirobiTad siRrmis miniSnebaa, rac modernistuli xelovnebis

zogad principebs exmianeba.

gansakuTrebuli sicxoveliT gamoirCeva nawarmoebis koloristuli

gama. igi upiratesad agebulia intensiuri wiTeli, vardisferi, yviTeli,

iisferi laqebisa da dinamikuri Savi konturebis zedmiwevniT metyvel

SeTanxmebaze. mravalfeniani weris manera, elvare, mkvrivi ferweruli

faqtura da mZafri JReradobiT aRbeWdili koloriti namuSevars

eqspresiul gamomsaxvelobas, dramatul intonacias aniWebs.

mogonebis, nostalgiuri gancdis saocar transformacias avlens e.

oniani kidev erT Janrul suraTSi “stumrad deidasTan” (t/z. 200X194.

1977). namuSevris qveda kididan siRrmisaken ganviTarebuli dinamikuri

kompoziciis centrSi gamosaxulia magidis mrgvali brutaluri sibrtye,

romelic zemodan ikiTxeba. masze dadebuli mrgvali TefSi Tu larnakSi

Cadebuli mrgvali Taiguli sakuTar wreSi trialeben, exmianebian magidis

wriul formas da TiTqos erTian ritmul “ferxulSi” ebmebian. suraTis

qveda marjvena kuTxeSi profilSi mocemuli, savarZelSi mjdomi

personaJia gamosaxuli, romelsac xelSi gadaSlili wigni uWiravs,

52

Tumca misi 3/4-iT mobrunebuli saxe faqtiurad aranair konkretul

emocias ar gamoxatavs. sakuTar TavSia Caketili magidis marcxniv

savarZelSi frontalurad Camjdari personaJic, romelic, pozidan

gamomdinare, raRac xelsaqmiT unda iyos dakavebuli. miuxedavad imisa,

rom es figurebi konkretul portretul niSnebs moklebulni arian,

dakvirvebuli damTvalierebeli maT ganzogadebul saxeebSi avtors da

mis das intuiciurad Seicnobs.

namuSevris sasuraTo zedapiri mkvrivi, saocrad erTiani da

organulia. feradovani TvalsazrisiT aq mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs

zedmiwevniT cocxali, didi Savi laqa-zolebi, romlebic amavdroulad

suraTis sagnobrivi kompoziciuri formis Tavisebur “karkass” qmnian; maT

Soris ganfenili intensiuri wiTeli, yviTeli, narinjisferi qromatuli

ferebi ki Tavisebur elvarebas iZenen da nawarmoebis dramatul

JReradobas ganapirobeben.

suraTis mTeli fonismieri garemo erTi SexedviT uwesrigod

dadebuli dinamikuri pastozuri monasmebis, brutaluri laqebisa da

eqspresiuli denadi konturebis Tavisebur qaotur konglomerats

warmoadgens, rac raime realuri sagnis garCevis saSualebas faqtiurad

ar iZleva; mxolod siRrmeSi, suraTis ukana planze zogadad dawerili

dinamikuri wriuli formebi Tu didi zomis lokaluri sibrtyeebi

TiTqos Zvelebur lamfasTan, xilis vazasTan, Seminul karebTan

asocirdeba. amgvar bundovan SegrZnebas aZlierebs darRveuli

perspeqtiva, utrirebuli formebi, feradovani laqebis vibracia Tu

idumali gamosxiveba, rac yovelive nivTiers materialurobas ukargavs. es

is modificirebuli “realobaa”, romelic mxatvris warmosaxvaSi ibadeba

da konkretulobis sazRvrebs scildeba. sagnebi Tu movlenebi, romlebic

mxolod miaxloebiT amJRavneben sakuTar raobas, transcendenturni

xdebian; sagulisxmoa, rom aq adamianebic kargaven konkretul gancdebs

da TiTqos Tavisebur niSnebad iqcevian am saerTo mogonebis morevSi.

iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom mTeli es kompozicia erTgvar iracionalur

energetikul nakadSi srbolas warmoadgens, sadac mxatvruli saxeebi

sakuTar odindel funqciebs kargaven da raRac dinamikur velSi

agrZeleben maradiul cxovrebas. yovelive es mayureblis mier erTgvar

53

metafizikur movlenad ganicdeba. warsuli, rogorc maradiulobaSi

gardasuli xsovna da maradiuloba, rogorc erTxel da samudamod

mocemuli metafizikuri samyaro _ aseTia e. onianis poeturi idumalebiT

aRbeWdili xatovani mogoneba. niSandoblivia, rom am mosazrebas

adasturebs Tavad mxatvris sityvebic: “ibadeba adamiani da masSi

maradiulis xsovna, erTianoba usasrulobasTan cincxalia. umetesoba

asakis matebasTan erTad Sordeba maradiul-WeSmarits, iZireba

Semogrovil CenCoSi; maTi suli Zveldeba im mniSvnelobiT, rom uimedod

Sordeba maradiul-Zvels; yvelaze adamianuri sulis adamianebi yvela

asakSi inarCuneben pirveladi, bavSvuri aRqmis simZafres. maTSi arasodes

ar qreba maradisobidan gamoyolili Tvisebebi, “STabeWdilebebi”, ar

neldeba maradiulobis mSobliuri grZnoba. adamianuri dro sasacilod

uZluria daaSoros isini ZiriTad STabeWdileba-sawyiss.” (oniani 2003:47).

amrigad, e. onianis mier 1970-ian wlebSi, drois garkveuli

intervalebiT, Sesrulebuli ojaxuri scenebi ideisa da formis

erTianobis, maTi urTierTganpirobebulobis SesaniSnav nimuSebs

warmoadgenen, romlebSic TvalnaTliv vlindeba avtoriseuli mxatvruli

gardasaxvis Taviseburebebi. erTi SexedviT zemoaRniSnuli namuSevrebi

yofiTi Janris suraTebia, isini TiTqos Cveulebrivi ojaxuri scenebia,

romlebic Cveul garemoSi viTardebian, magram tradiciuli gagebiT

Janris Sinaarsi aq naklebad ikiTxeba. es ufro nostalgiuri xasiaTis

reprezentaciuli suraTebia, sadac personaJebi TiTqos sagangebod

warsdgebian mayureblis winaSe an TviTon modian mnaxvelTan. amgvarad

gaxsnili kompoziciebis reprezentaciul-wardginebiTi xasiaTi erTgvar

qarTul tradiciazec miuTiTebs, rac tipiuri Janruli suraTis

principebs aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeba. Cveulebriv, Janrul suraTSi raRac

konkretuli siuJeti aisaxeba, rac drois gangrZobiTobas gulisxmobs,

reprezentaciuloba ki erTis mxriv, TiTqos aCerebs dros; amavdroulad

aq raRac sxva dro iwyebs muSaobas, Cndeba erTgvari maradiuli dro.

personaJebi erTi SexedviT sakuTar, mSobliur, konkretul garemoSi

arian gansxeulebulni, magram amasTan erTad isini maradiulobaSi

myofoben, sadac moqmedebis gangrZobis SegrZneba ar arsebobs. sivrcec,

romelSic figurebi moqmedeben TiTqos konkretul sagnebs asaxavs, magram

54

Tavisufali, energiuli monasmebi Tu feradovani laqebis vibracia maT

materialur saburvels aclis, sivrces ki realobas ukargavs. amdenad

mayureblis Tvalwin es garemo raRac metafizikur sivrce-sibrtyed

gardaiqmneba; es is irealuri samyaroa, romelic erTdroulad

sivrcobriv-sibrtyobrivia, rac e. onianisaTvis “namdvil” realobas

warmoadgens da TvaliT xilulze ufro realuria.

rogorc dasawyisSi aRiniSna e. oniani safuZvelSive ostaturad

flobs realisturi mxatvrobis principebs, Semoqmedebis adreul etapze

es misi formaTqmnadobis mtkice saZirkvelia, Tumca, rogorc davinaxeT,

mogvianebiT mxatvari Taviseburad “angrevs” kidec am sabaziso sawyiss.

TandaTan, evoluciuri logikis mixedviT, yalibdeba avtoris

SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis saxovan-romantikuli wyoba da am

transformaciis permanentuli procesi misTvis sruliad organulad,

harmoniulad mimdinareobs. Cvenis azriT, am TvalsazrisiT

interesmoklebuli ar unda iyos mxatvris erTi, TiTqosda umniSvnelo

studenturi etiudi _ “bebias oTaxi” (m/z. 46,5X31. 1959), romelic

konkretulisa da ganzogadebulis ucnaur sinTezs gvTavazobs. am

kompoziciis marjvena mxares Tavisufali maneriT Sesrulebuli realuri

formebia gamosaxuli. es aris perspeqtivis kanonebiT agebuli, suraTis

siRrmisaken mimarTuli didi Zveleburi magida, masze dalagebuli

naturmorti aseve perspeqtivis kanonebis Sesatyvisad aris ganTavsebuli,

sagnebi siRrmeSi zomiT TandaTan mcirdebian da realuri sivrcis

STabeWdilebas qmnian. am SegrZnebas aZlierebs wina planze gamosaxuli,

mayureblisken piriT mobrunebuli Zveleburi skami, romlis masStaburi

Tanafardoba ukana planze mocemul identur skamTan, vrceli oTaxis

mTel sivrces gadmoscems da suraTSi erTgvari siSoris, manZilis

kategorias amkvidrebs. amis sapirispirod, oTaxis marcxena mxare

absoluturad aramaterialuria, sadac araferi ar aris dakonkretebuli.

aq garkveuli miniSnebebis saxiT gamosaxul saganTa bundovani siluetebi

erTgvari irealuri sinaTlis matarebel substanciebs emsgavsebian, rasac

kompoziciis es nawili realurobis miRma gadahyavs. suraTze gamosaxuli

interieris amgvari uCveulo interpretacia safuZvels gvaZlevs

vimsjeloT, rom aq realuri da metafizikuri samyaro erTmaneTis

55

gverdigverd harmoniulad Tanamyofobs. amdenad realurisa da irealuris

Tanaarsebobis es tendencia, rac Semdgom e. onianis mxatvrobis erT-erT

arsebiT damaxasiaTebel niSnad iqceva, misTvis ara gamogonili, ara

xelovnuri, aramed imTaviTve bunebrivi, organuli, gancdismieria.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, portretis Janri xazgasmulad warmoaCens e.

onianis mxatvrul problemebs, saxviT Ziebebs da individualuri

SemoqmedebiTi formirebis gzas, radgan masSi ufro metad aris

gamovlenili mxatvruli saxis srulyofis mcdeloba da esTetikuri

idealis ganxorcielebisaken swrafva.

koloristuli simdidriTa da sulieri siRrmiT gamoirCeva namuSevari

“deda SaliT” (t/z 91X65, 1972). igi vertikaluri formatis sada

kompoziciaa, romelzec anfasSi mocemuli eleganturi qalbatonia

gamosaxuli. Rrma, JReradi wiTliT dawerili mxrebze dafenili

mosasxami, romelic suraTis koloristul dominants warmoadens,

harmoniulad erwymis namuSevris movardisfro fons, rac sivrcis

tonalur-qromatul modelirebas amkvidrebs da amavdroulad mTlian

ferwerul akords qmnis. metad gamomsaxvelia personaJis metyveli saxe,

misi odnav daZabuli, Wkviani mzera, riTac e. oniani misTvis Zvirfasi,

faqizi sulis mqone adamianis mniSvnelovanebas gadmoscems.

amave periodis ferweris saukeTeso nimuSebs ganekuTvneba iseTi

suraTebi, rogorebicaa: “dis portreti” (t/z 108X63, 1977), “salome

miqelaZis portreti” (t/z 109X63, 1979), romlebSic avtori sulieri

silamaziTa da sinaziT aRbeWdil axalgazrda qalTa saocrad metyvel

mxatvrul saxeebs gadmoscems. faqtiurad es erTgvarovani, sada

portretuli kompoziciebi simaRleSi gaWimul Tavisebur kadrebs qmnian;

maTi figurebis erTgvari reprezentaciuli poza muxlebze dawyobili

xelis mtevnebiT, personaJTa amaRlebul ganwyobas exmianeba. am

namuSevrebis ferweruli wyoba upiratesad muqi wiTelisa da iisferis

ostatur Sexamebas efuZneba, romelSic vlindeba civi_Tbilis tonalur-

qromatuli modelireba, ikiTxeba mowiTalo-xorcisferisa da

monacrisfro-momwvano saRebavebis efeqturi gaTamaSeba. sxvadasxva

specifikuri saxviTi kategoriebiT _ feriT, plastikiT, kompoziciiT,

ritmiT es nawarmoebebi erTi da igive problemebs aerTianebs.

56

ganumeorebeli mxatvrul-esTetikuri RirsebiT aris gamsWvaluli e.

onianis nawarmoebi “SiSveli qali _ saRamo” (t/z 150X130, 1978) “Cemi

mizani ar yofila romelime qalis sxeulis konkretuli, individualuri

Taviseburebebis Cveneba, rodesac SeigrZnoba garkveuli natura” (oniani

2003:171). sazurgian taxtze mwolare niu, misi gaxsnili samosi, yvavilebi

Tu Ria sarkmeli _ es yofiTi detalebi TiTqos qreba da bundovan

xasiaTs iZens. meti sicxadiT aris aqcentirebuli farTo fanjris miRma

mocemuli uSfoTveli garemo _ Tbilisuri peizaJi, Camavali mziT

wiTlad damuxtuli ca, rac namuSevars saocar siTbosa da intims matebs.

“formaluri mxridan es maZlevda saSualebas saintereso ferweruli

moZraobisa _ CamTbar-CawiTlebuli cisa da zafxulis iisfer bindSi

gamomkrTali qalis sxeulis dapirispireba-Serwymisa” (oniani 2003:171).

“Ria fanjrebiT _ mzis Casvlisas Caisferi saRamoebiT” (oniani 2003:228

“plexanovis gamziri saRamos”) e. oniani TiTqos waruvalobis, silamazis

mudmivi arsis miniSnebas cdilobs. amavdroulad igi uSualod

warmarTavs mayureblis yuradRebas nawarmoebis emociuri Sinaarsis

aRqmisaken da mis warmosaxvaSi harmoniulis, amaRlebulis SegrZnebas

badebs.

1970-ian wlebSi e. onianis mier Sesrulebuli niuebi, iseTebi

rogorebicaa: “maradiuli formulebi. mkerdi” (t/z 87X60, 1972), “SiSveli

figura” (t/z 55X46, 1972) da sxv. _ esaa mTliani, uwyveti fiqsirebuli

ganwyobiT dawerili Suqmfinari tiloebi, romelTa ferwerul-

plastikuri temperamenti da Sinagani gracia gulwrfelad amJRavneben

garkveul sulier faseulobebs, rac mxatvris poetur-emociur impulsebs

ukavSirdeba.

1980 – 90-iani wlebi esma onianis Semoqmedebis gvian periods moicavs.

am droisaTvis mkafiod Camoyalibebul saxes iZens sakuTari mxatvruli

meTodis damkvidrebis, samyarosa da misi sivrcul-droiTi

maxasiaTeblebis avtoriseuli gaazrebis intensiuri procesi. suraTebSi

dominirebs samyaros, rogorc erTiani mTelis ferwerul-poeturi gancda,

matulobs filosofiuri gansjis, monumenturobis SegrZneba.

sulier-siRrmismieri datvirTviT Tu filosofiur-WvretiTi xasiaTis

mkveTri gamovleniT “daviT kakabaZis portreti” (t/z. 204X133. 1981) 1980-

57

iani wlebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan nawarmoebs warmoadgens, romelic 1982

wels premirebul iqna, rogorc wlis saukeTeso namuSevari. igi didi

zomis vertikaluri kompoziciaa; suraTis centridan odnav marjvniv

gamosaxulia masiur savarZelSi mjdomi mxatvari. misi naTeli saxe,

maRali Subli, koncentrirebuli, Wkviani mzera sibrZnis niSniT aris

gasxivosnebuli. saxidan mayureblis yuradReba TandaTan gadadis xelis

mtevnebze da muxlebze dadebul gadaSlil wignze, yovelive es

zedmiwevniT gamomsaxveli da koloristulad aqcentirebulia. personaJis

metyveli saxe, xelebi, wigni dawerilia ganzogadebulad, cocxlad,

sqeli pastozuri monasmebiT, rac dinamikuri, mkvrivi, moculobiTi

formis SegrZnebas iZleva. amis sapirispirod mxatvris frontaluri

figura erTgvari sibrtyobriobiT, garkveuli efemerulobiT xasiaTdeba,

misi silueti Taviseburad exmianeba savarZlis ritmul-dekoratiul

struqturas, mis yvavilovan ornamentul zedapirs Tu Savi feris sqel,

denad konturebs. kompoziciis marcxena mxares pirobiTad modelirebuli

samagido sibrtyea gamosaxuli, romelzec minis larnakSi Cawyobili

yvavilebia moTavsebuli. dinamikuri pastozuri monasmebiT Sesrulebuli

wiTeli vardebi, romlebsac garSemo Savi rkaluri sibrtyeebi Semowers,

namuSevris saxovani interpretaciis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementia.

zedmiwevniT efeqturi ferwerul-plastikuri gadawyvetiT igi garkveul

TviTkmar obieqtad, cocxal substanciad aRiqmeba, rasac suraTSi

Taviseburi idumalebis SegrZneba Semoaqvs. kompoziciis zeda nawili,

meore planis aqcentebis saxiT, or sarkmels ukavia. maT elvare

mowiTalo-narinjisfer fonze datanili sxvadasxva formisa Tu

konfiguraciis mqone Savi laqebi kompoziciurad metyvel, dinamikur

landSaftebs, erTgvar metefizikur garemos qmnian.

nawarmoebis koloristuli Tu tonaluri wyoba saocrad

eqspresiulia, sadac mowiTalo-mooqrosfro-moiisfro ferebis daxvewili

monacvleoba dominirebs; amasTan erTad, Zalze efeqturi pastozuri,

sqeli zeTis ferweruli zedapiri aq TiTqos erTgvar Sededebul

sinaTles asxivebs. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba Tavisebur Suq-

Crdilebs Tu naTel-Crdilovan kontrastebs, rac suraTSi Sinagani

dramatizmiT gamsWvalul cocxal impulsebs amkvidrebs. naTeli da muqi

58

areebis cxovelxatuli dapirispireba amavdroulad arRvevs

gamosaxulebis Tavisebur sibrtyobriobas da masSi sivrce-garemos

iluzoruli efeqti Semoaqvs.

“esma oniani am nawarmoebSi hqmnis ara Cveulebriv, ara tipiur nimuSs

portretuli Janrisa, aramed e. w. gansakuTrebuli socialuri Tu

kulturuli Rirebulebis, eris saamayo piris mxatvrul saxes, rac

asaxvis obieqtis damatebiT maxasiaTeblebs gulisxmobs: misi

mniSvnelovanebis, misi gansakuTrebulobis, kerZod, gamorCeuli

xelovanis mxatvruli saxis Seqmnas, mis interpretirebas da Sesabamisad

mxatvris damokidebulebis Tu “SefasebiTi msjelobis” gadmocemas”

(xoStaria 2003: 25).

sayuradReboa, rom Tavis SesaniSnav eseSi, romelic mxatvarma d.

kakabaZes miuZRvna, e. oniani wers: “qarTuli ferweruli gemovnebis

aRzrdisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs daviT kakabaZis SemoqmedebiT

memkvidreobas, romelic Tumc mravalricxovani ar aris, samagierod

TavisTavSi moicavs da masSi, rogorc TeslSi, mowurulia da Sekrul-

SebirTvulia yvela is aucilebeli miniSneba, romelTa danaxva-aRmoceneba

uaRresad saWiro da mniSvnelovani TvisebebiT gaamdidrebs qarTul

ferweras da misi ganviTarebis swori gziT warmarTvas Seuwyobs xels...

... ritmuli wesrigi, yovelive gamosasaxavi detalis mniSvnelovnad

gamocxadeba da mowodeba, saerTo mTelSi maT Soris erTnairad rolebis

ganawileba, mTels damorCileba da mTeliT ganpirobebuli maTi arseboba,

ornamentuli naWedoba, saTqmelis ritmul-dekoratiul RerZze dayrdnoba

– ai, ra unda viswavloT misgan” (oniani 2003:63). garkveuli TvalsazrisiT,

albaT simboluria isic, rom e. onianis es naazrevi mniSvnelovanwilad

mis sakuTar mxatvrul xedvasac esadageba.

niSandoblivia, rom e. oniani kvlavac agrZelebs da warmatebiT

aviTarebs gansxvavebuli specifikis mqone struqturuli niSnebis erT

mxatvrul wyobaSi integrirebis rTul xazs. mis bolodroindel

namuSevrebSi jamdeba yovelive saukeTeso, rasac mxatvarma wina wlebSi

miaRwia. maTSi safuZvlianad aris Tavmoyrili da sinTezirebuli

mxatvris Ziebebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi _ plastikur formaTa

ferweruli Zerwva, civi (iisferi) da Tbili (vardisferi) ferebis

59

niuansireba specifikur, Suq-haerovan mowiTalo gamaSi. amavdroulad mis

winaSe ikveTeba axali amocanebi _ stilizebuli, ganzogadebul-

monumentalizebuli, zogjer abstrahirebis zRvarTan mdgomi lakoniuri

formebis gadmocema.

msubuqi sevdiT, mogonebiT-nostalgiuri ganwyobilebiT aris

gamsWvaluli e. onianis ferweruli tilo “deda krepdeSinis kabaSi” (t/z

120X110, 1987). aRsaniSnavia, rom amgvari xasiaTis gadmocemas aq sasuraTo

wyobis yvela komponenti emsaxureba _ kompoziciis warmodgeniT-

reprezentaciuli ageba, formis modelireba, koloriti. quCaSi, Zveli

saxlebis fonze gamosaxulia sami frontalurad dayenebuli personaJi:

axalgazrda, nazi deda da seriozuli bavSvebi _ mxatvris da da Tavad

avtori. figurebis es erTgvari frontaluri simkacre Taviseburad

rbildeba aqcentebis asimetriuli, cocxali ganlagebiT _ saxlis, xis,

fanjris masStabebis moTamaSe cvliT da ra Tqma unda Camavali mzis

yovlismomcveli mewamuli SuqiT, romelSic TandaTan iZireba mTeli es

elegiuri scena.

sagulisxmoa, rom Tavis saukeTeso portretebSi e. oniani axerxebs

gadaWras rTuli koloristuli, kompoziciuri da ritmuli sakiTxebi.

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis sistemaSi CarTulia tilos formatic,

fonisa da figuris urTierTSeTanxmeba, mxatvruli saxis gaxsnas

emsaxureba siluetic da TiTqos umniSvnelo detalebic. am mxriv

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs nawarmoebi “mama bolo xanebSi” (t/z.

112X93. 1988). es cxovelxatuli kompozicia pirobiTad gayofilia or

nawilad odnav daxrili diagonaluri xaziT, romelsac personaJis 3/4-iT

mobrunebuli korpusi da interieris Taviseburi sibrtye qmnis. suraTis

wina planze gamosaxuli mjdomare moxucis figura mkveTrad aris

miweuli TiTqmis kvadratuli tilos marcxena kideSi. misi daRlili,

moSvebuli sxeuli, muxlebze dakrefili moTenTili xelebi personaJis

simSvides, udrtvinvelobas gadmoscems, igi TiTqos gamijnulia

garesamyarosagan da Tavisi sulis wiaRSi imzireba. sul sxva emociebs

aRZravs suraTis marjvena mxares warmodgenili sqeli, eqspresiuli

monasmebiT Sesrulebuli sarkmlidan danaxuli ganzogadebuli peizaJuri

foni, romelsac tilos umetesi nawili uWiravs. igi Sesdgeba Taviseburi

60

abstraqtuli formebisagan, romlebmac SesaZloa garkveuli konkretuli

asociaciebi warmoqmnan. suraTis marjvena zeda ares moicavs didi zomis

mowiTalo sibrtye, romelzec Savi xazebiT sqematurad daxatuli,

usasrulobaSi gafrenili Citebia gamosaxuli, mis qvemoT muqi wiTeli da

yavisferi rkaluri formis laqebia datanili, zustad suraTis centrSi

moTavsebuli alisferi wiTeli laqa uzarmazari Camavali mzis

STabeWdilebas tovebs, romelSic Taviseburad fokusirdeba mTeli es

mistikuri kompozicia. Tavisi arsiT es aris zedmiwevniT daZabuli,

dramatuli garemo, romelic TiTqos erTianad TrTis da vibrirebs

raRac saSiSroebis molodinSi. igi gamsWvalulia garkveuli simboluri

intonaciebiT, rac mxatvris mZafr SegrZnebebs, egzistenciur tkivilebs

exmianeba. zemoT naTqvamidan gamomdinare, yovelive Zalauneburad iwvevs

asociacias e. onianis poetur striqonebTan:

“nakvesebis” ydis Sida mxares im patara asoebiT miyuJuli winadadeba

mereRa vnaxe, roca Suqi saxeSi yviTlad Cagqvaveboda. . .

. . . “Citebi modian CemTan keTili”.

axla Wyivian kviparosebSi,

almurian cis dasavalze,

gadmoiqroles bagebis mxridan,

Savi elvebiT zeca daxazes,

ivlisis mzeSi iwvis Tbilisi”... (oniani 2003:175 “moulodneli

gagrZeleba _ mama”).

Seudarebelia nawarmoebis ferweruli JReradoba. saocrad intensiuri

koloriti miRebulia moyavisfro-mowiTalo, mooqrosfro-alisferi

tonebiT, romlebic Signidan Rvivis da anaTebs. forma, feri, xazi aq

ayvanilia mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis iseT xarisxSi, rom realuri

bunebrivi formebi adamianis azrebisa Tu grZnobebis upirobo

matareblebi xdebian.

e. onianis SemoqmedebiTi meTodis Sinagani ganviTarebis logikur

Sedegs TvalnaTliv warmoaCens nawarmoebi “Cemi da xatavs” (t/z 154 X 120

1989), sadac avtori uaRresad sada, lapidaruli xerxebiT aRwevs

mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis maqsimalur siZlieres. zemodan danaxuli

kompozicia, emociurad metyveli wiTeli koloristuli gama, efemeruli

61

formebi, deformaciebi, mousvenari ritmi Tu suraTis struqturis

erTgvari kadrirebuli specifika namuSevars Tavisebur iracionalur

JReradobas aniWebs. suraTze avtorisaTvis tradiciuli ojaxuri scenaa

warmodgenili. “erTi SexedviT, Cveulebriv Janrul scenebsa da maT

sayofacxovrebo mistikaSi lirikuli diskursi SeumCnevlad gadadis

ferweruli ambis TxrobaSi, ase vTqvaT, lirikul narativSi. es Janruli

scenebi suraTidan suraTamde Janrul motivebad formdeba da erTgvari

cikluri xdomilebis iers iZens.Kkidev meti, Taviseburi epikuri

Tqmulebis, sagis formad gvevlineba” (andriaZe 2003:238). Kkompoziciis

centrSi, odnav marcxniv, suraTis siRrmisaken diagonalurad mimarTuli,

TiTqos amoyiravebuli samagido sibrtye ikveTeba. Mmis marcxena kidesTan

fexze mdgomi, magidaze idayvdayrdnobili gogonaa gamosaxuli. igi

mayureblisaken zurgiT aris mobrunebuli, misi sifrifana figura

faqtiurad yovelgvari modelirebis gareSe dadebuli wiTeli da

vardisferi lokaluri laqebiT aris gadmocemuli. Mmagidis marjvena

kuTxesTan profilSi gamosaxuli mjdomare qalis sruliad efemeruli

figura ilandeba, romelsac win gadaSlili wigni da anTebuli lamfa

udevs. suraTis qveda marjvena kuTxeSi aseve sruli efemerulobiT

aRbeWdili gogonas frontaluri naxevarfigura ikiTxeba. aRsaniSnavia,

rom TavianTi ferweruli gadawyvetiT isini savsebiT erwymian namuSevris

fonismier garemos, iRvrebian kidec mis wiaRSi da nawarmoebSi figura-

sivrcis fenomens amkvidreben. “es erTi masalisagan Semqnili figura-

sivrce erTiani ganxorcielebuli samyaroa, isini erTi nivTierebisagan

arian Seqmnilni... ... suraTSi sufevs sivrcisa da figurebis Tanaarseboba,

maTi Sinagani Sesatyvisoba, rac varaudobs sxeulisa da sivrcis

ltolvas erTmaneTisaken, maT harmoniul urTierTSeRwevas” (anTelava

2008:8). suraTis zeda nawilSi, ukana planze fragmentulad mocemuli

kolorituli aivnis ornamentuli moajiri da erTmaneTTan mijriT

mdgomi, “SeyuJuli” saxlebia gamosaxuli, romelTa martivi geometriuli

formebi, asimetriuloba Tu dekonstruqciuli ieri namuSevris saerTo

kompoziciur ritms eqvemdebareba da mxatvris xatovan striqonebs

mogvagonebs:

“gadairbenen SuSabandebi alavardnil oTxkuTxedebad,

62

wiTel fanjrebSi, elvars yvelafers,

Camavali mzis ali edeba” . . .

(“mokle fiqrebi sami konkretuli gadaxveveiT”. Eoniani, 2003:199)

nawarmoebis koloristuli dominanti aq saRamos mzis mewamuli feria,

romelic Taviseburad cocxldeba masSi alag-alag ganfenili

movardisfro-moiisfro, mooqrosfro-moyavisfro tonebiT. “mzis simuqis

bolo burusi” (oniani) suraTSi zedmiwevniT emociur sivrce-garemos

qmnis. “mis suraTebSi, marTlacda, yovelgvari konformizmisagan

ganZarcvuli, gamabruebeli saRamoebia gayuCebuli, saRamoebi,

cnobamixdili xsovnis sicxadiT rom amoifrqveva motkbo varvarad. Mmere

es unelebeli saRamo lRveba, CamoiRvenTeba, tkbil narinjisfer vanilad

ifrqveva da am surnelSi sul mTlad binddeba . . . esec esmaseuli

sensibiliebia!” (andriaZe 2003:241). Ees ucnauri kompozicia erTian

energetikul nakadSi brunavs, mogonebis morevSi inTqmeba da erTgvar

zmanebas emsgavseba, sadac yovelive kargavs materialur safuZvels da

realobis sazRvrebs Sordeba.

1980 – 90-ian wlebSi e. onianis mier Sesrulebul nawarmoebTa

stilisturi Taviseburebani naTlad avlenen mxatvris Semoqmedebis axal

niSnebs. gamosaxulebaTa didi siRrmiT da erTgvari monumenturi

lirizmiT gamoirCeva ira Toduas (t/z. 110X66. 1986), salome bolqvaZis

(t/z. 93X63. 1983), manana gedevaniSvilis (t/z. 65X55. 1987), lali

javaxiSvilis (t/z. 110X65. 1984) SesaniSnavi portretebi, romlebSic

upiratesad modelis aristokratuli momxibvleloba, qaluri

kdemamosilebaa xazgasmuli. mxatvruli gardasaxvis TvalsazrisiT,

qalTa saxeebis am STambeWdav galereaSi, gancalkevebiT dgas “Tamar

mamulaSvilis portreti” (t/z. 127X68. 1997), sadac avtori formaTa

efeqtur stilizacias, proporciebis mkveTr utrirebas mimarTavs, riTac

mxatvrul saxes erTi SexedviT ucnaur, metad saxasiaTo iers sZens.

namuSevris vertikalur sibrtyes mTlianad avsebs did savarZelSi Rrmad

Camjdari eleganturi natura, romelsac gulsmibneuli uzarmazari vardi

amSvenebs. maRali Subli, medidurad zeaweuli warbebi, Wkviani gamoxedva

personaJs Sinagani Rirsebis grZnobiT aRavsebs. mniSvnelovanebis

STabeWdilebas kidev ufro aZlierebs suraTis formalur elementTa

63

gamomsaxveloba _ mkacri kompoziciuri sqema, lakoniurad mocemuli

stilizebuli formebi Tu daxvewili tonaluri gadasvlebiT mdidari

mowiTalo-movardisfro koloriti.

ideis vizualur-plastikuri xorcSesxmis Cinebul nimuSebs

warmoadgenen e. onianis namuSevrebi ciklidan “samoTxe”: “aha, RmerTma

evac Seqmna”, “raca RmerTsa ara swaddes...”, “gaoceba”, “mdinaresTan” da

sxv., romlebSic mxatvari pirvelqmnili samyaros harmoniiTa da

simSvidiT aRbeWdil ganzogadebul suraT_xatebs qmnis. niSandoblivia,

rom am Suqmfinar tiloebze gaSlili intensiuri mowiTalo-movardisfro,

moyviTalo-mooqrosfro ferebi erT mTlianobaSi warmoadgenen rogorc

formas, aseve mis garemomcvel sivrcobriv areals. irealur, Ria,

usazRvro sivrceSi gansxeulebuli, faqtiurad Suq-Crdilis gareSe

dawerili figurebi, sagnebi (vardebi, SroSanebi), pirobiTi reliefi

TavianTi adgilisa da mniSvnelobis mixedviT gadanawildebian

vertikalur sibrtyeze, rac abstrahirebul-monumentalizebuli

kompoziciebis simyaresa da Sinagan wonasworobas gansazRvravs. Temisa

Tu motivebis originaluri interpretacia, gamartivebuli mxatvruli

formebisa da kaSkaSa mewamuli koloritis maqsimaluri gamomsaxveloba

“samoTxis” avtoriseul suraTebs ganumeorebel emociur JReradobas,

raRac fantastikur elfers aniWebs.

am seriis qronologiurad yvelaze adreuli namuSevari “samoTxed”

iwodeba (t/z 125X110. 1987). simaRleSi wagrZelebuli kompozicia

moyavisfro-mowiTalo garemoSi Caweril or SiSvel figuras warmoadgens.

figurebs kompoziciis mTeli simaRle uWiravT, win gamosaxuli personaJi

odnav dabalia momdevnoze da Zalze Zunwad miniSnebuli formebiT qals

ganasaxierebs, mis zurgs ukan ki aseve frontalurad gamosaxuli

mamakacis figuraa. es albaT adami da eva arian. sada, martivi, erTi

SexedviT banaluri kompozicia erTgvar reprezentaciul xasiaTs

atarebs. figurebi TiTqos sagangebod warsdgebian mayureblis winaSe da

gulisxmoben kidec mas. amasTan isini Taviseburi pirvelqmnili sisadaviT,

erTgvari gulubryvilo, naivuri ganwyobiT xasiaTdebian. Mmuqi

moyavisfro foni TiTqos sagangebod wamoswevs win wiTel figurebs. isini

mSvidad dganan, maTi statikuri pozebi erTgvari garindebis

64

STabeWdilebas qmnis. wiTliT dawerili sxeulebi maqsimalurad

ganzogadebulia, ar aris mkafiod gamokveTili arc erTi nakvTi,

saxeebzec ki. miuxedavad amisa es figurebi TiTqos xelSesaxebia,

masStaburia, maTi formebi daunawevrebeli, mTliania; TiToeuli forma

Tavisebur blokurobas iZens da mnaxvelSi erTgvari masiurobis

SegrZnebas badebs. Tumca iqmneba garkveuli paradoqsuli situacia _

laqebiT, Tavisufali monasmebiT dawerili forma wesiT sibrtyobrivi

unda iyos; igi arc Suq-CrdiliT muSavdeba, arc mkafio sazRvrebi gaaCnia,

miuxedavad amisa mis miRma masa igrZnoba da plastikurobis elementebic

gamosWvivis. magaliTisaTvis adamis marjvena xeli SeiZleba moviyvanoT,

romelic feriT odnav aris diferencirebuli, SedarebiT muq zols

ufro Ria tonis wiTeli enacvleba. amgvarad am umartivesi xerxiT

mxatvari erTgvari pirobiTobis farglebSi aRwevs simrgvalis,

moculobis iluziis Seqmnas. am xerxiT dawerili personaJebis kidurebi,

gansakuTrebiT ganze gadgmuli fexebi, myar safuZvels uqmnis figurebs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom centraluri nawili isea dawerili, rom maT Soris

sazRvari waSlilia da isini TiTqos erTmaneTSi gadaedinebian, riTac

suraTis centrSi ganuyofel bloks qmnian. yovelive es maT mTlianobaSi

aRqmas uwyobs xels.

figurebis garSemo moyavisfro-mowiTalo foni win wamoswevs da

gamokveTs personaJebs Camuqebuli “garemodan”. Tavad garemo Zalzed

pirobiTia. dakonkretebuli aqac araferia. Ffaqtiurad es aris muqi foni,

romelzec suraTis kuTxeebSi samoTxis mimaniSnebeli yvavilebia

gamosaxuli. suraTis oTxive kuTxe TiTqmis Tanabrad aris datvirTuli

am gamosaxulebebiT, rac kompoziciis simetriul da gawonasworebul

xasiaTs ganapirobebs. sagulisxmoa, rom arc mcenareebis weris manera

gamoirCeva gansakuTrebuli konkretikiT. zeda kuTxeebSi, muq yavisfer

mozrdil laqebze dadebulma mrgvalma formebma, wiTelma laqebma

SeiZleba sxvadasxva asociacia gamoiwvios maSin, rodesac qveda nawilSi

gamosaxuli yvavilebi SedarebiT ufro detalurad aris amoxatuli;

Sesrulebis amgvari xerxiT mxatvari TiTqos suraTis qveda nawils wina

planad ganacdevinebs mnaxvels, Tumca ki aq realurad planebze saubari

faqtiurad SeuZlebelia. yvavilebis garemocvaSi daxatuli qalisa da

65

mamakacis figurebi aRiqmebian rogorc adami da eva, magram isini saRamos

bindSi iZirebian. uCveulo da aratradiciulia samoTxis saRamos xati,

magram es e. onianiseuli samoTxea.

kompoziciaSi “aha, RmerTma evac Seqmna” (t/z 100X80. 1988) simaRleSi

mocemul formatze suraTis mTeli vertikali or figuras uWiravs.

namuSevari cecxlisfrad Rvivis da am saerTo wiTel feradovnebaSi erTi

SexedvisTanave ikveTeba yavisfriT moniSnuli, erT monoliTad Sekruli

ori figura, romelic simaRleSi mTlianad avsebs sasuraTe sibrtyes,

erTgvarad iWedeba kidec masSi. suraTis geometriul centrSi qalis

figuraa warmodgenili, romelsac marcxnidan da odnav ukan misken

mobrunebuli mamakacis figura udgas. Cven vsaubrobT figurebze, magram

aq maTi uzogadesi konturebia gamokveTili, romlebic faqtiurad

daxatuli ar aris. maTi masiuri, monumenturi formebi dasazRvrulia

odnav gadRabnili, arakonkretuli yavisferi “konturebiT”. saxisa da

mkerdis monakveTebi mxolod am konturebs Soris moqceuli wiTeli

sibrtyeebis saxiT warmogvidgeba. personaJebs Tavebi erTmneTze aqvT

midebuli. mxrebis xazi TiTqos wriulad eSveba qvemoT da welTan maTi

xelebi erTmaneTs xvdeba. Tumca konkretulad arc xelebia gamosaxuli

da arc xelis mtevnebi. am jgufis zeda nawili erTgvarad wreSi

Caketili monoliTia, romlis centrSic iribad datanili gadRabnili

yavisferi laqebi evas mkerds gamohyofs. aseTive, odnav ufro muqi

yavisferi laqebiT aris moniSnuli evas Tma misi marcxena mxris gaswvriv.

am Caketili erTiani wriuli formidan qvemoT dinamikuri yavisferi

farTo monasmebiT Zalze pirobiTad miniSnebulia am formebis masiuri,

tlanqi qveda kidurebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom am monoliTuri jgufis

konkretuli formebi mkafiod dasazRvruli ar aris, isini mainc

erTgvari simZimisa da materialurobis STabeWdilebas qmnian, wiTeli

sibrtyis miRma figurebis erTgvari xorcieleba mainc SeigrZnoba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom namuSevarSi arc erTi detali plastikurad

modelirebuli ar aris da verc iqneba, imitom rom wiTeli sibrtyis

feria, magram mxatvari mainc axerxebs wonadobis SegrZnebis gadmocemas.

amaSi gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs erTi SexedviT uxeSi da

gadRabnili, magram amave dros Zalian zusti da maxvili yavisferi

66

laqebi, romliTac mxatvari mxolod mianiSnebs da ar amodelirebs

formas. amgvari miniSnebebiT mnaxveli erTgvarad asrulebs formas

sakuTar warmosaxvaSi, is TiTqos erTgvari Tanamonawile xdeba suraTis

saboloo saxis CamoyalibebaSi. damjdari, jmuxi proporciebis mqone

figurebi, formebi erTgvari masiurobis, monumenturobis SegrZnebas

iZlevian. sainteresoa isic, rom maT saxeebze arc erTi detali ar aris

miniSnebuli, figurebi absoluturad impersonalurni arian, rac

azrobrivad albaT samoTxis Temas exmianeba, Tumca maT midebul TavebSi,

gadaWdobil xelebSi Taviseburi sufTa impulsi gamosWvivis, Cans am

tlanqi arsebebis erTgvari siaxlove, organuli kavSiri, adamianuri

Tanaziaroba. amrigad, erTis mxriv, aq ikveTeba impersonaluroba, meores

mxriv, adamianuri Tanagancda, urTierTkavSiri, Semodis Taviseburi

grZnobismieri elementi. miuxedavad imisa, rom mxatvari konkretulad ar

amoxatavs arafers, am ganzogadebulSi is calkeuli niuansebiT axerxebs

gadmosces figurebis urTierToba da am urTierTobis emociuri muxti.

am STabeWdilebis gaZlierebas emsaxureba ramdenime fonismieri

detali suraTis qveda marcxena da marjvena kideebSi. esaa Zalze

Tavisufali, energiuli monasmebiT dadebuli muqi lurji, TeTri da

yviTeli laqebi, romlebic kargad dakvirvebisas samoTxis yvavilebad

warmogvidgebian. marjvena mxares ufro mkafiod ikiTxeba moyviTalo-

moTeTro yvavili _ SroSani, romelic Sua saukuneebSi ubiwoebis

simbolo iyo da bunebrivia, rom igi evas fexebTan aris gamosaxuli.

xolo marcxena mxares am laqebSi Tvalma yvavilis bundovani forma

SeiZleba dalandos. aRsaniSnavia, rom es ori laqa suraTis qveda

nawilSi erTgvar simyares aZlevs da saZirkvels uqmnis figurebis zeda

masiur monumentur nawils. suraTis marjvena are Sevsebulia Zalze

Tavisufali, pastozuri, moyviTalo-mocisfro, moyavisfro monasmebiT,

romlebic kidev ufro aZliereben namuSevris eqspresiul

gamomsaxvelobas.

sainteresoa, rom nawarmoebi faqturuli TvalsazrisiT ar aris

erTgvarovani, rac SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos. adamisa da evas zeda nawili

(saxe, mkerdi) gluv sibrtyes warmoadgens. am gluvi sibrtyis garSemo

gamoyenebuli pastozuri monasmebi eqspresiul sibrtyeebs qmnian. isini

67

TiTqos kraven, sazRvraven suraTis centrs. miuxedavad imisa, rom es

nawilebi feradovani TvalsazrisiT diferencirebuli ar aris, es

moZravi brutaluri sibrtye TiTqos sagangebod gamoyofs adamisa da evas

urTierTdamokidebulebas.

marTlac, wiTeli am namuSevris dominanti feria, masSi alag-alag

CawveTebuli yviTeli, narinjisferi, lurji Tu TeTri Taviseburad

acocxlebs, amravalferovnebs suraTis kolorits, ametyvelebs wiTels.

garkveuli TvalsazrisiT am namuSevars enaTesaveba “gaoceba” (t/z

120X78. 1989). simaRleSi gaWimuli vertikaluri formatis centrSi

gamosaxulia ori erTmaneTis pirispir mdgomi figura. maTi uzogadesi

siluetebi aqac gamokveTilia muqi feris gadRabnili laqebiTa da didi

zomis moyavisfro-mowiTalo monasmebiT. qalisa da mamakacis

monumenturi figurebi pirispir dganan. TiTqos es ori figura win

gadaxrili TavebiT erTmaneTis mimarT mowiwebas, rids gamoxataven da

amiT kavSirs amyareben, romelsac mnaxveli Zalian cxadad SeigrZnobs.

qalis figura 3/4-iT aris odnav mobrunebuli, mamakaci TiTqos profilSi

aRiqmeba. yovelive amiT isini qmnian Sekrul kompoziciur birTvs, romlis

garSemoc viTardeba foni. formaTa moculobiT-plastikuri damuSaveba

zedmiwevniT pirobiTia. yovelnairi Suq-Crdilis gareSe, Taviseburi

amonaTebebisa da Camuqebebis saSualebiT mxatvari gamoyofs sxeulis

calkeul nawilebs. qalis figura SedarebiT ufro “damuSavebulia”.

garkveuli feradovani modelirebiT aris gamokveTili misi mkerdi, tani,

daSvebuli xeli, qveda kidurebi saocrad gamartivebuli da pirobiTia.

mamakacis gamosaxuleba faqtiurad sruli efemerulobiT xasiaTdeba.

gverdebidan figurebi isazRvreba muqi yavisferi laqebiT. amdenad es

aris sakmaod didi, mkveTrad gamoyofili Caketili struqtura sasuraTo

sibrtyeze. gansakuTrebiT metyveli da gamomsaxvelia mamakacis idayvSi

moxrili xelebis Jesti. xelis mtevnebi ar aris dakonkretebuli, igi

ganzogadebuli da utrirebulia, sxeulTan SedarebiT proporciulad

sakmaod didi da tlanqia, rac xazs usvams am Jestis mniSvnelovanebas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom nawarmoebis erTgvar fsiqologiur Tu ideur gasaRebs

swored mamakacis xelebi qmnis, romliTac is TiTqos raRac Zalian

Zvirfass faqizad da rudunebiT atarebs. suraTis kompoziciuri ritmi,

68

personaJebis mTeli yuradReba, Sinagani impulsi Tu garegnuli dinamika

am JestSi fokusirdeba; swored es motivi exmianeba da gamoxatavs

nawarmoebis saTaursac _ gaocebas, rac TvalnaTliv axasiaTebs am

ucnauri arsebebis mTel plastikas. niSandoblivia, rom personaJebis

erTi SexedviT statikuri da mSvidi pozebisa, mnaxveli mTeli sisavsiT

SeigrZnobs maT Sinagan moZraobas, erTgvar daZabulobasac ki, albaT

iseTs, rogorsac adamiani raRac amoucnobis amoxsnis Tu saidumlos

gaziarebis dros ganicdis. ase Semodis aq (“gaocebaSi”) adamianuri

Tanaziarobis gancda Tu grZnobismieri sawyisi, riTac mTlianad aris

gamsWvaluli es kompozicia. am STabeWdilebis gamZafrebas emsaxureba

nawarmoebis foni. suraTis zeda nawils Taviseburad sazRvravs farTo

moyavisfro monasmebiT Sesrulebuli rkaluri sibrtyeebi, rac erTgvari

TaRis STabeWdilebas tovebs. igi erTgvarad miuyveba personaJebis

moZraobas da TiTqos mfarvelobs maT. TaRis zemoT usasrulo alisferi

sivrcea ganfenili. alisferi mogrZo denadi konturebis mqone laqa,

romelic erTis mxriv gamijnavs figurebs da amavdroulad aerTianebs

kidec maT, cecxliviT gizgizebs personaJebs Soris. rogorc wina

namuSevris SemTxvevaSi, aqac suraTis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia

yviTeli yvavili, romelic evas gverdiT, kompoziciis qveda marcxena

kideSia warmodgenili. qalis figuris zemoT, muq yavisfer brutalur

zedapirze moniSnulia vardebi. wiTeli aqac dominanturi feria. mxatvari

iyenebs fers mTeli Tavisi gradaciebiT _ mowiTalo_yavisferidan Ria

vardisferamde.

identuri mxatvrul – stilisturi Taviseburebebi vlindeba samoTxis

ciklis kidev erT suraTSi “raca RmerTsa ara swaddes. . .” (t/z. 144X87.

1988). aqac aRebulia tilos vertikaluri formati, Tumca unda aRiniSnos,

rom figurebs am kompoziciaSi faqtiurad aRar ukaviaT is centraluri

mdgomareoba. sivrcis umetesi nawili uWiravs pirobiT, ganzogadebul

garemos, sadac adamiani da buneba erTmaneTTan srul harmoniaSi modian.

pirveli, rac mnaxvels TvalSi xvdeba, es aris figurebis erTiani

vertikaluri bloki, romelic centridan marjvniv aris gadaweuli.

imTaviTve naTlad Cans, rom es aris 3/4 – iT gamosaxuli SiSveli figura,

magram yuradRebiT dakvirvebis Sedegad damTvaliereblis Tvali gaarCevs

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erT arsad Sekrul or sxeuls. zurgiT gamosaxul figuras gulSi

Caukravs meore, romlis sxeulis mxolod mcire nawili mosCans pirveli

figuris gaswvriv. maTi rakursebi SerCeulia ise, rom qalis

frontalurad dayenebul figuras mayurebeli mxolod fragmentulad

aRiqvams. rbili, muqi moyavisfro konturiT aqcentirebulia misi mkerdi,

intensiuri wiTeli laqa ki misi tanis nawils gamoyofs. amdenad mas

faqtiurad mTlianad faravs mamakacis zurgiT mocemuli figura. es

figurebi, wiTliT Sesrulebuli, iRvreba fonSi. sxeulis calkeuli

nawilebi Tavisufali yavisferi monasmebiT isea damuSavebuli, rom

sxeulis plastika erTgvarad mainc ikveTeba. amasTan isini faqtiurad

erwymian fonismier garemos, gansxeuldebian masSi da erTgvari

aramaterialuri “Crdilebis” meSveobiT SeumCnevlad warmoiqmnebian am

dausabamo wiTeli wiaRidan. mxatvrul-ferweruli gadawyvetis

Taviseburebebi, rbili naTel-Crdilovani efeqtebiT moniSnuli detalebi,

farTo, lokaluri feradovani laqebi Tu muqi moyavisfro gadRabnili

konturebi qmnian figuraTa mTlianobis, ganuyoflobis, TiTqosda erT

sxeulad myofobis saocrad bunebriv SegrZnebas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

figuraTa es monoliTuri jgufi, romelic amavdroulad poetur-

romantikuli da grZnobismieri sawyisebis aSkara primatiT gamoirCeva, aq

srulad erwymis namuSevris fonismier wiaRs.

fonze muSaobisas e. oniani mimarTavs faqtobrivad identur mxatvrul

xerxebs, rogorsac sxeulis formebis gadmocemisas. erTgvari

amonaTebebis, Camuqebebis, Taviseburi Sinagani SuqiT gasxivosnebuli

sxvadasxva intensiurobis wiTeli laqebis wyalobiT namuSevari iZens

mTlian eTerul substanciurobas _ adamiani da garemo aq erTi wiTeli

auriT arian garemoculebi. wiTeli fonis sibrtye arc konkretulia, arc

mkvrivi. igi raRac spontanurad manaTobel samyaros warmoadgens, sadac

sibrtye-garemo erTgvar sivrce-garemod transformirdeba. sainteresoa,

rom sasuraTo sibrtyeze ganlagebuli gamosaxulebebi erTi SexedviT

aranair kompoziciur kanonzomierebas ar eqvemdebareba. centraluri,

ideurad mniSvnelovani figurebi simetriis RerZidan marjvniv aris

gadaweuli. yvavilebi, romlebic aq SedarebiT uxvad aris warmodgenili,

Taviseburi simboluri intonaciebiT xmianeben, isini TiTqos wiTeli

70

prizmis miRma ixateba, Tumca mayurebeli cxadliv SeigrZnobs maT spetak

siTeTres. suraTis marcxena darCenil wiTel areze, qveda nawilSi

SroSanebis SedarebiT mcire zomis da ufro faqizad Sesrulebuli

Taigulia gamosaxuli, romelic am wiTel sivrceSi livlivebs da

erTgvari simsubuqis STabeWdilebas tovebs. amis sapirispirod, suraTis

zeda marcxena kuTxeSi ufro mozrdili zomis SroSanebis Taiguli

sruliad sxva efeqts qmnis _ yvavilebi zomiT didia da tlanqi,

mouxeSavi monasmebiTaa datanili, maT garSemo ki yavisferi laqebi

TiTqos erT jgufad kravs SroSanebs. mTlianobaSi es “Taiguli” simZimis

STabeWdilebas qmnis. ucnauria, rom qvemoT mxatvarma simsubuqis efeqti

Seqmna, xolo zemoT piriqiT _ simZimis. am SegrZnebas kidev ufro

aZlierebs zeda Taigulis sapirispirod marjvena zeda kuTxeSi datanili

iribi, sqeli yavisferi monasmi, romelic erTgvarad figuris Tavisa da

zurgis moxazulobas ritmulad epasuxeba da saboloo jamSi am

TaigulTan erTad awveba suraTis zeda nawils. Es, rogorc Cans, avtoris

mier sagangebod Cafiqrebuli mxatvrul-kompoziciuri xerxia, romlis

saSualebiTac igi TiTqos codvis simZimes amJRavnebs.

kompoziciuri da koloristuli TvalsazrisiT nawarmoebi

mTlianobisa da harmoniulobis saocar sinTezs qmnis. yovlismomcveli,

mokaSkaSe wiTeli feri Tavisi Suqmfinari gamosxivebiT moicavs mTel am

mistikur samyaros, igi gadmoscems figurebs, formebs, asaxavs movlenebs,

romlebic uSfoTveli da amavdroulad dramatulia.

“samoTxis” ciklis iseT namuSevarSi, rogoricaa “mdinaresTan” (t/z.

100X60. 1989). e. oniani TandaTan mxatvruli formis ukiduresi

abstrahirebisaken midis. nawarmoebis ideur, kompoziciur da

koloristul dominants vertikaluri formatis centrSi gansxeulebuli

sxvadasxva JReradobis wiTliT Sesrulebuli didi zomis ganzogadebuli

forma _ erTgvari pulsirebadi substancia warmoadgens, romelSic

erTiani saburvelis qveS myofi ori figura ilandeba. isini erTmaneTs

mWidrod ekvrian da monoliTur jgufs qmnian, riTac maTi erTarsoba

kidev ufro xelSesaxebi xdeba. “gaerTebulad yofnis, simTlianis gemos

xsovna adamianis arsSia. erTisaken, mTelisaken Sinagani, Tundac

gauazrebeli ltolva, wyurvili, adamianuri arsiTaa ganpirobebuli”

71

(oniani 2003:133). es aramaterialuri, impersonaluri figurebi dawerilia

ise, rom Tavisi Sesrulebis maneriT, Taviseburi CamuqebebiTa da

amonaTebebiT garkveuli moculobis, plastikurobis iluzias qmnian,

rasac realobasTan aranairi kavSiri ara aqvs. figurebis siluetebis

naTeli Tu muqi detalebi, romlebic pirobiT, bundovan formebs avlenen,

TiTqos erTi ideiT gamTlianebul arsebebs gadmoscemen. am

STabeWdilebas kidev ufro aZlierebs maTi “sivrceSi” ganTavseba. am

seriis wina namuSevrebisagan gansxvavebiT mxatvars forma mnaxvelTan

Zalian axlos miaqvs, rac gaWedilobis efeqts badebs miuxedavad imisa,

rom sasuraTo sibrtyeze sxva elementebisTvisac rCeba adgili. bunebrivi

da logikuria, rom nawarmoebis fonismieri garemo aq erTgvari

metafizikuri landSaftis iersaxes iZens. suraTis mdidari, Sinagani

sinaTliT gajerebuli ferweruli faqtura, farTo, Tavisufali

monasmebi qmnian Tavisebur mistikur “peizaJs”, sadac yovelive

gamosaxuli savsebiT damoukidebel, TviTkmar mniSvnelobas atarebs.

sainteresoa monoliTis centrSi, odnav marcxniv datanili yviTeli

faqturuli monasmebi, romlebic erTgvari naTebis efeqts qmnis.

aRsaniSnavia, rom seriis wina namuSevrebisagan gansxvavebiT aq figurebis

formebi saerTod aRar aris miniSnebuli. es aris erTiani bloki, romlis

wiaRSic arsebuli es manaTobeli substancia SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos

da igi garkveul ideas unda gamoxatavdes. am monoliTuri blokis

marcxena kideSi gamozneqili arc Tu mkveTri xazi Zalian Soreulad

TiTqos qalis sxeulis natif monaxazs ganasaxierebs. rogorc Cans, es

ukve siyvarulis ZaliT sruliad erT arsad qceuli qali da mamkacia,

romlebic samoTxis vaSlis gasinjvis Semdeg TiTqos axal sicocxles

udeben saTaves. es naTeba swored am axali sicocxlis niSnad SeiZleba

hqondes gaazrebuli mxatvars. Cvens am mosazrebas ganamtkicebs Tavad e.

onianis erTi Canaweri, romelic mis albomSicaa gamoqveynebuli: “suli

Cemi Cafrinda Cems dedad da mamad arCeul sxeulebSi, imitom, rom maTgan

siyvarulis araCveulebrivi sinaTle-sikaSkaSe molivlivebda. me

sixaruliT gabrwyinebuli, RimiliT, cekva-TamaSiT CaveSvi Cems adamianur

navsayudelSi, me vigrZeni Cemi sulisaTvis adamianad gasafurCqni

keTilmyofeli adamianuri gansazRvruloba... ...madloba da didi

72

madliereba Cems qarTvel dedad da mamad ganxorcielebul sulebis

siyvaruls, romlis sinamdvilemac ganapiroba gamosxivebis is Zlieri

sikaSkaSe, Cems suls rom daenaxa da gaxarebuli, farTxafurTxiT

miizida” (oniani 2003:125). es Canaweri pirdapir exmianeba suraTis zemoT

aRweril motivs. SesaZloa Tavad mxatvars nawarmoebis Seqmnis procesSi

arc ki axsovda es gancda da cnobierad ar daukavSirebia igi masTan.

magram, rogorc Tavad mxatvris teqstidan Cans, es azri imdenad cocxali

iyo, imdenad gaSinaganebuli, rom suraTSi intuiciurad “gadmoiRvara”

amgvari xatovani formiT.

Aadamisa da evas gadaWdobili figurebi avtors gaazrebuli aqvs

rogorc erTmaneTTan siyvaruliT dakavSirebuli ori arseba codviT

dacemis Semdgom. kompoziciis marjvena kides ayolebuli forma sqeli

taniTa da mrgvali varjiT samoTxis vaSlebiT daxunZlul xes

mogvagonebs _ esaa erTgvari “xe cnobadisa”. suraTis marjvena mxare zeda

da qveda kuTxeebSi muqi laqebiT aris Sevsebuli. analogiuri struqtura

aqvs suraTis marcxena kidesac. qvemoT, marcxena kuTxeSi muqi moyavisfro

laqebi Tavisuflad, TiTqosda uwesrigod aris dadebuli, xolo zeda

marcxena kuTxeSi yru yavisfer laqaze kvlav mowiTalo-moTeTro

monasmebiT Sesrulebuli yvavilebis motivi Cans. am or ukanasknel laqas

Soris ki manaTobeli Tbili yviTeli sibrtyea moqceuli, romelic am

monoliTur centralur jgufs win wamoswevs.

amgvarad, seriis am zedmiwevniT gamomsaxvel da idumal suraTs

sruliad gaazrebuli kompoziciuri da feradovani gadawyveta axasiaTebs

– didi centraluri wiTeli monoliTi, zeda da qveda kuTxeebi

saTanadod ganTavsebul yavisfer laqebs uWiravs. wiTlisa da moSavo-

yavisferis mkveTri dapirispireba, romelic namuSevars erTgvar

dramatul intonacias aniWebs, Taviseburad neldeba suraTis Sua

nawilSi, kideebSi gamoyenebuli manaTobeli yviTliT, narinjisfriTa da

Ria mwvaniT.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom “samoTxe” esma onianis Semoqmedebis Taviseburi

epilogia. mxatvrul-stilisturi da ideuri TvalsazrisiT igi mTlian

serias warmoadgens, romelsac Tavisi gansakuTrebuli niSnebi aqvs.

intensiuri JReradobiT gamsWvaluli wiTeli am ciklis dominanti feria,

73

igi aris misi ganmsazRvreli ferTametyvelebiTi komponenti, amdenad

simbolurad serias “wiTeli” SeiZleba ewodos. saintereso da ucnauria,

rom mxatvari samoTxes wiTliT xatavs. es aris samoTxis e. onianiseuli

invarianti, romlis analogi CvenTvis ucnobia. ras niSnavs wiTeli

samoTxe? rogorc cnobilia qristianul ferTametyvelebaSi wiTeli

mijnisferia. es aris ganwmendis feri, cecxlovani mijna, romelsac

adamiani gadis wuTisoflidan miRmier samyaroSi gadasvlis dros;

rogorc Cans mxatvars intuiciurad hqonda amis gancda da igi samoTxes

TiTqos cecxlovani fardis miRma aRiqvams. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom aq

gamosaxuli figurebi, sagnebi, formebi am cecxlis alis nakadSi

inTqmeba, kargavs konturebs, konkretulobas da yovelive erTgvar

aramaterialur substanciurobas iZens.

faqtia, rom am nawarmoebebs wiTeli aerTianebs, magram feradovani

TvalsazrisiT is ar aris erTgvarovani. ase magaliTad, Tu “samoTxeSi”

koloriti agebulia muqi yavisferisa da civi muqi wiTlis harmoniul

Sexamebaze, iseT namuSevrebSi rogorebicaa “aha, RmerTma evac Seqmna“,

“gaoceba”, intensiuri Tbili alisferi da gaRvivebuli wiTlis

gradaciebi dominirebs. aRsaniSnavia “raca RmerTsa ara swaddes...“

koloristuli gaazreba, sadac yavisferis qveSidan amomavali mewamuli

qmnis Tavisebur mistikur garemos da aramaterialur siRrmes aniWebs

suraTs. wiTeli feris erTgvari spontanuri amonaTebebiTa Tu

CamuqebebiT mxatvari aerTianebs fonismier garemos, figurebs da maT

manaTobel koloristul gamaSi aTavsebs. ciklis bolo namuSevarSi

“mdinaresTan” avtori upiratesad wiTlis muqi da Ria tonebis

dapirispirebas mimarTavs, Tumca namuSevarSi gansxvavebuli feradovnebac

Semoaqvs. is iyenebs yavisfer, narinjisfer, yviTel, momwvano laqebs,

Sindisfer, movardisfro-moTeTro monasmebs, rac koloristuli

TvalsazrisiT bevrad ufro mravalferovans xdis am nawarmoebs, Tumca

wiTlis ZiriTadi JReradoba aqac SenarCunebulia. es suraTi gamoirCeva

imiTac, rom aq gamoyenebul yviTels, romelsac erTgvari Sinagani naTeba

axasiaTebs, namuSevarSi gansakuTrebuli sazeimo ganwyoba Semoaqvs.

am seriaSi feri avtoris saTqmelis gadmocemis mTavari saSualebaa.

misTvis samoTxe wiTelia, maSin, rodesac Cveulebriv samoTxis xati

74

idiliur, naTel sawyisTan asocirdeba. SesaZloa es iyos im dramis

erTgvari winaTgrZnoba, romelic adamisa da evas siyvaruls moyveba.

kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiTac es seria erT princips efuZneba, Tumca

erTgvari evolucia aqac SeimCneva _ namuSevrebis vertikalur formats

mTel simaRleSi avseben figurebi, magram yvela kompoziciaSi ikiTxeba

individualuri, specifikuri midgoma. centralur gamosaxulebebad

mxatvari yvelgan adamianis figurebs gaiazrebs, romlebic scenebSi

umniSvnelovanes vertikalebs qmnian da TiTqmis avseben sasuraTo ares.

isini zogan frontalur da reprezentaciul xasiaTs atareben, riTac

TiTqos gulisxmoben mnaxvels (“samoTxe”, “aha, RmerTma evac Seqmna“),

zogan ki mayurebelTan aranair kontaqts ar amyareben da TiTqos Tavis

TavSi iZirebian (“gaoceba”, “raca RmerTsa ara swaddes...”, “mdinaresTan”).

adreul suraTebSi reprezentaciuloba ufro metia, TandaTan Caketiloba

matulobs, bolosken personaJebi Caketil, mTlian monoliTebad

warmosdgebian da damTvalierebeli maT erT arsad aRiqvams. suraTis

kompoziciuri struqturis CamoyalibebisaTvis mniSvnelovan rols

TamaSobs gmirebis “sivrceSi” ganTavsebac. mxatvars xan win, Zalian

axlos moaqvs figurebi, rac erTgvari gaWedilobis Tu gadidebuli

kadris efeqts badebs (“mdinaresTan”), xan ki maT Sors, siRrmeSi aTavsebs,

TiTqos suraTis wiaRSi Sehyavs isini (“raca RmerTsa ara swaddes...“).

rogorc wesi namuSevrebSi figurebi centrSi arian gamosaxuli, suraTis

kideebi ki muqi yavisferi laqebiT ifareba, riTac kompoziciebi garkveul

Sinagan wesrigs eqvemdebarebian; mxatvari TiTqos “samoTxes” muq yavisfer

garsSi warmoidgens, romelic sazRvravs da gamijnavs scenebs realuri

samyarosagan.

kompoziciuri struqturis kidev erTi arsebiTi elementia mcenareebi,

romlebiTac avtori Tavisufal areebs avsebs da xSirad yvavilebiT

wonasworobaSi mohyavs kidec kompozicia. SroSanebi, vardebi da sxv.

mcenareebi zogjer Sesrulebulia sakmaod konkretulad (“samoTxe”), rac

Semdgom ufro ganzogadebul xasiaTs iZens da isini mxolod zogadi

niSnebiT sacnaurdebian (“raca RmerTsa ara swaddes...”). es yvelaferi

azrobrivad exmianeba Tavad samoTxis Temas.

75

“samoTxis” ciklis namuSevrebi formis damuSavebis mxrivac ganicdian

garkveul modifikacias. Tavidan, adreul stadiaze, es aris sruli

pirobiTobis farglebSi, Suq-Crdilis gareSe “Sesrulebuli”, faqtiurad

daumuSavebuli efemeruli substanciebi (“samoTxe”, “aha, RmerTma evac

Seqmna“), Tumca formebi garkveulwilad jer kidev inarCuneben Tavisebur

konkretikas da mnaxvelSi erTgvari plastikurobis SegrZnebas iwveven.

Semdgom garemo da figurebi absoluturad erTi meTodiT sruldeba _

figura ixateba iseve, rogorc abstraqtuli, neitraluri, ganyenebuli

foni da rCeba SegrZneba, rom samoTxe erTi substanciisagan Sesdgeba_

foni da figurebi erTmaneTs absoluturad erwymian (“gaoceba”, “raca

RmerTsa ara swaddes...“). sxvadasxva Tvisebebis matarebeli Tavisufali

monasmebi, zogjer faqturuli, zogan SedarebiT gluvi, sqlad Tu Txlad

dadebuli laqebi erTgvari energetikuli velis matareblebi arian da

Tavisebur eTerul nakads qmnian. logikuria, rom aseTive energetikuli

nakadebis matareblebi arian figurebic. garemo da figura aq

erTgvarovani konsistenciis, “Semcvelobis” xdebian, amitom isini am

“sivrceSi” livliveben da sruliad erwymian mas. cxadia es ar aris

realuri sivrce, es metafizikuri, mistikuri sivrcea, romelic arsebobs

mxatvris warmosaxvaSi, sadac realuri samyaros kanonebi

Zaldautaneblad irRveva. es aris mxatvris msoflSegrZneba, romelic

aravis ar hgavs da mayurebels misi fenomenis gaxsnaSi exmareba.

rac Seexeba sivrcis fenomens erTis mxriv, SeiZleba miuRebelic

mogveCvenos am suraTebTan mimarTebiT sivrceze saubari, magram

miuxedavad pirobiTobisa Tavad am suraTebis struqtura saSualebas

iZleva visaubroT sivrcis fenomenzec, kategoriazec. vfiqrobT, rom am

SemTxvevaSi, am seriis formasa da siRrmiseul sazriss Soris kavSiris

moZebna, swored formis da foni-sivrcis urTierTmimarTebiT SeiZleba

gamoikveTos, radganac am suraTebSi figurebis garSemo arsebuli are

erTdroulad ganyenebuli sibrtye-fonia da amavdroulad sivrcec.

ra axasiaTebs esma onianis samoTxes? es aris Tanamedrove adamianis

xedva, erTi individis invarianti, samoTxe codviT dacemis mijnaze,

oRond aRbeWdili mxatvris TanagrZnobiT am “personaJebis” mimarT. e.

onianis “samoTxe” gamsWvalulia dramatuli JReradobiT, igi aRsavsea

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adamianuri grZnobebiT da emociebiT. es aris samyaro, romelSic or

adamians erTmaneTi uyvars, sadac isini sakuTar momavals, axal

sicocxles uyrian safuZvels. am arsebebis intimuri urTierToba

daclilia yovelgvari erotizmisagan. pirvelqmnili sisadave, erTgvari

ganwmendiloba, rac am suraTebSi TvalnaTliv vlindeba, TiTqos

amarTlebs kidec codviT dacemis faqts, radgan mis safuZvelSi mxatvari

upirveles yovlisa siyvaruls xedavs, siyvaruli ki misTvis umaRles

Rirebulebas warmoadgens. amgvaria e. onianis samoTxis xati, romelSic

ganmsazRvreli roli ara edemis baRs, ara idiliur ganwyobas, aramed

ori adamianis urTierTdamokidebulebas eniWeba.

amrigad, e. onianis mier 1980 – 90-ian wlebSi Sesrulebuli namuSevrebi

xasiaTdeba mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis didi ZaliT da mkafio

saxovanebiT. maTSi kidev ufro naTlad Cans swrafva cxovrebiseul

movlenaTa pirobiT-poeturi gardasaxvisaken. pirvel planze inacvlebs

“saxe-mogonebis” Tu “saxe-gancdis” mniSvnelobis xazgasma, emociuri

mgrZnobeloba, rasac mxatvari feris eqspresiis gaZlierebiT, formis

erTgvari abstrahirebis, suraTis sivrcobrivi da plastikuri

komponentebis originaluri SerwymiT avlens.

rogorc “ormocdaaTianelTa” uSualo memkvidre, Tavis SemoqmedebaSi

e. oniani gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis axlebur gaazrebas mimarTavs,

rac formisa da sivrcis plastikuri interpretaciis, suraTis

kompoziciuri struqturis, wminda ferweruli, koloristuli sawyisebis

originaluri gamovleniT aRiniSneba. sagnebisa da movlenebis xatovan-

esTetikuri aRqmiT, cxovrebis arsis siRrmiseuli gancdiT mxatvari

sakuTar samyaros poetur JReradobas, romantikul intonacias aniWebs.

mxatvruli msoflSegrZnebiT, SemoqmedebiTi meTodis konceptualuri da

formaluri Taviseburebebis mkafio gamovleniT esma oniani

samocdaaTianelTa Taobis Rirseul warmomadgenlad gvevlineba.Aam

SesaniSnavi mxatvris, poetisa da eseistis moRvaweoba erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani movlenaa Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovnebis istoriaSi.

77

Tavi III. Tamaz xuciSvilis dazguri ferwera

samocdaaTianelTa Taobis gamorCeuli ostatis Tamaz xuciSvilis

xelovnebam Taviseburi elferi Semata uaxles qarTul ferweras. igi im

mxatvarTa wres ganekuTvneba, romlebic feris tonalur SesaZleblobaTa

srulyofilad gamovlenisaken iswrafvian da uSualod agrZeleben

qarTuli realisturi ferweris SemoqmedebiT tradiciebs. misi mxatvroba

xasiaTdeba ferweruli enis organuli SegrZnebiT, tonalurad mdidari

palitra, daxvewili gama, weris Tavisufali manera Tu tilos zedapiris

metyveli faqtura xelovanis saukeTeso nawarmoebebs gansakuTrebul

gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs.

1950-iani wlebis Sua xanebidan ferweruli amocanebi organulad

daukavSirda am periodis xelovnebis saerTo tendencias – mxatvruli

enis ganaxlebisaken ltolvas. ferweraSi gaZlierda koloristuli

Ziebebi, rac axali qarTuli mxatvrobis saTaveebidan momdinareobs.

ormocdaaTianelTa novaciebi, romlebic axali mxatvrul-saazrovno

problematikis damkvidrebas ukavSirdeba, logikur dasayrdens uqmnida

momaval Taobebs. sxvadasxva mxatvruli problemisadmi SemoqmedebiTi

midgoma, samyaros uSualo, individualuri aRqma, xatovani azrovneba,

ferweris saxviT-dekoratiuli saSualebebis, feris TavisTavadi da

saxviTi Tvisebebis xazgasma samocdaaTianelTa SemoqmedebiTi interesebis

ZiriTad sferos gansazRvravs.

1960-66 ww. T. xuciSvili swavlobda Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis

ferweris fakultetze gamoCenili mxatvrisa da pedagogis farnaoz

lapiaSvilis klasSi. niSandoblivia, rom misi mxatvruli mrwamsis

Camoyalibebaze mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina cnobili fermweris

aleqsandr baJbeuq-meliqovis gakveTilebma, romlis saxelosnoSi damwyebi

mxatvari 1950-ian ww. Mmecadineobda. Eevropuli klasikuri koloristuli

mxatvrobis tradiciebTan ziareba, tonaluri ferweris saSualebebis

Ziebebi, rac man memkvidreobiT miiRo Tavisi pirveli maswavleblisagan,

mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravs T. xuciSvilis akademiur-realistur

stils. “mas gaaCnia koloritis, misi qromatul-tonaluri Tvisebebis

utyuari grZnoba, uzustesi Tvali, anu mxatvrul-ferweruli absoluturi

smena. rogor gamaSic ar unda muSaobdes igi _ dabal, tonalur-

78

xaverdovanSi Tu aweul koloristulSi, yalb Sexamebas, odnav

zedmetobasa Tu uzustobas masTan ver vnaxavT da misi gama mudam

saocrad keTilSobilurad JRers”( xoStaria 2006 : 8).

T. xuciSvilis dazguri ferwera mraval Janrs moicavs _ igi

erTnairi gatacebiT xatavs peizaJebs, naturmortebs, portretebs,

mimarTavs saintereso Tematur Tu Janrul kompoziciebs, religiur

siuJetebs, nius. Tumca misi individualuri xelwera da SemoqmedebiTi

ganviTarebis xazi yvelaze ufro TvalsaCinod mis portretebsa da

Janrul scenebSi ikveTeba. Aaqedan gamomdinare, naSromSi ZiriTadi

yuradReba am JanrebSi Sesrulebul namuSevarTa analizs eTmoba.

MT. xuciSvilis realisturi mxatvruli meTodi wlebis manZilze

ganicdis Tavisebur stilistur evolucias, rac naTlad amJRavnebs

avtoris SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis mimarTulebebsa Tu sxvadasxva aspeqtebs.

kerZod, 1960-iani wlebis meore naxevrisa da 1970-iani wlebis eqspresiuli,

pastozuri manera kontrastul ferTa mTeli emociuri ZaliT warmoCenas

da ganzogadebuli mxatvruli saxis maqsimalurad mZafr gamovlenas

emsaxureba. 1980-90-ian wlebSi Sesrulebul namuSevrebSi upiratesad

realisturi midgoma ikveTeba, magram weris ufro gluvi maneriT. am

periodis qmnilebebisaTvis niSandoblivi mravalferovani tonaluri

gradaciebi, mdidari ferweruli gama organul mTlianobaSia moyvanili.

monasmis sirbile, efeqturi ganaTeba, daxvewili naxati akademiuri

sizustiT Sesrulebul am nawarmoebebs erTgvari lirikuli ganwyobiT

aRavsebs. 1990-2000-ian wlebSi Seqmnili nimuSebis Taviseburebebi _ funjis

“artistuli” floba, Txelfenovani weris manera, plastikuri formebis

gulmodgine damuSaveba, grafikuli xazis metyveleba Tu ganaTebis

efeqtebi e. w. salonuri akademizmis niSnebs avlens. nawarmoebebi

faqtiurad kargaven pirvandel xibls, uSualobas, gamosaxuleba ufro

zedapiruli, mSrali xdeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom T. xuciSvilis Semoqmedebis

amgvari periodizacia erTgvar pirobiT xasiaTs atarebs. Aam ZiriTadi

stilisturi da meTodologiuri maxasiaTeblebis ganviTarebiTAavtori,

sxvadasxva konkretuli mxatvruli amocanebidan gamomdinare, perioduli

monacvleobiT mimarTavs mis mier wlebis manZilze aprobirebul xerxebs.

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1960-70-ian wlebSi Sesrulebul saukeTeso namuSevarTa ricxvs

ganekuTvneba: “firosmani”, “sadguris morige”, “avtoportreti” da sxv.

tiloebis feradovani struqtura TavSekavebulia, Mmuqi koloriti

ramdenime feris Zunw tonalur gradaciazea agebuli. T. xuciSvils

itacebs nawarmoebis saerTo gadawyvetis eqspresiuli xasiaTi da weris

ganzogadebuli manera. igi upiratesobas aniWebs mcire zomis portretul

kompoziciebs, romlebic farTo feradovani laqebisa da energiuli

pastozuri monasmebis efeqturi dapirispirebiT igeba. Mmxatvari

mimarTavs Tavisebur kadrirebas msxvili xediT, ris gamoc gamosaxuleba

sasuraTo sibrtyis umetes nawils ikavebs.

T. xuciSvilis adreuli periodis erT-erT saintereso nimuSia

“firosmani~ (m/z. 25X21. 1966). igi kvadratuli formatis tiloa, rac

gansazRvravs misi kompoziciuri agebis specifikas. sasuraTo sibrtyis

centrSi moTavsebuli farTo planiT gamosaxuli personaJi pirobiTad

moniSnul mrume interieris fonzea warmodgenili. misi figuris rakursi

dinamikuri da gamomsaxvelia _ sxeuli mocemulia profilSi, Tavi ki 3/4-

iT aris mobrunebuli mayureblisaken; damaxasiaTebelia zurgis mkveTrad

moxrili silueti da Tavis dayeneba, romelic odnav marjvniv aris

gadaxrili. pozis amgvari plastikuri gadawyveta namuSevars saocar

dinamikurobas, garkveul daZabulobas aniWebs, rac emsaxureba modelis

rTuli, emociuri sulieri samyaros srulfasovan gadmocemas. personaJis

poza _ sxeulisa da Tavis mkveTrad dapirispirebuli moZraoba aq

gamoyenebulia, rogorc emociurobis xazgasmis erTgvari saSualeba.

pirovnebis Sinagani xasiaTis gamovlenas xels uwyobs namuSevris

koloriti, romelic miRebulia muqi moyavisfro-mowiTalo, moruxo-

moTeTro tonebiT da gacocxlebulia intensiuri JReradobis wiTeli

laqebiT, rac suraTs Tavisebur dramatul intonacias aniWebs. weris

Tavisufali manera, energiuli pastozuri monasmebi acocxlebs tilos

ferwerul zedapirs da mas eqspresiulobas matebs. gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba eniWeba saxis gadmocemis specifikas, romelic mkveTrad

ganaTebuli da Cabnelebuli adgilebis, naTeli da muqi tonebis

cxovelxatuli kontrastebiT aris ganxorcielebuli. modelirebis

amgvari principi ganapirobebs mxatvruli saxis sulieri ganwyobilebis

80

gamovlenas, misi TiTqosda sakuTari sulis siRrmeSi mimarTuli mzeris

xazgasmas.

“firosmani” ar aris reprezentaciuli, mas axasiaTebs gare

samyarosagan erTgvari izolirebuloba, Tavis TavSi Caketiloba. fonis,

garemos, figuris erTian koloristul planSi gamTlianeba iwvevs

kamerulobis, sentimentalurobis Tavisebur gancdas. aRsaniSnavia, rom am

namuSevarSi erTmaneTs enacvleba sibrtyobrivi, ganzogadebuli, pirobiTi

formebi da cxovelxatuli pastozuri monasmebiT miRebuli ufro

moculobiT-plastikuri detalebi. es aris erTgvari mizanmimarTuli

sinTezi sibrtyobriv-pirobiTi da plastikuri formebisa, rac suraTis

mxatvrul gamomsaxvelobas ganapirobebs. personaJis poza, sevdiani

gamoxedva, sada samosi _ wiTeli perangi, Savi qurTuki, moTeTro-

monacrisfro kaSne, mowiTalo-moyavisfro qudi _ kompoziciis yvela

detali emsaxureba gmiris Sinagani keTilSobilebis gamovlenas, faqizi

sulis mqone pirovnebis daxasiaTebas. figura mocemulia interieris

kuTxis pirobiT fonze, romelic Tavisi simuqiT SesaZloa sardafis

asociaciasac iwvevdes. fonis ganaTebac kontrastebzea agebuli _

suraTis marjvena mxares arsebuli kedlis muqi moyavisfro tonebi,

romlebic alag-alag muqi mowiTalo pastozuri monasmebiT aris

gacxovelebuli, Taviseburad upirispirdeba marcxena mxares

warmodgenili kedlis mkveTrad ganaTebul sibrtyes. aRsaniSnavia, rom

personaJis erTgvari gaucxoebis SegrZnebas swored interieris kuTxis

Caketili sivrce, garemo amZafrebs; igi xels uwyobs mayureblis

yuradRebis maqsimalur koncentracias uSualod personaJze.

niSandoblivia, rom aq “firosmani” gamosaxulia yovelgvari droiTi

konkretizaciis gareSe, avtoris mier gaazrebuli Taviseburi “xatis”

saxiT.

Tanamedrove qarTul mxatvrobaSi firosmanis Tema periodulad iCens

Tavs, rac upirveles yovlisa naTlad aisaxeba T. xuciSvilis erT-erTi

sayvareli mxatvris lado gudiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi, sadac firosmanis

serias gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs. garda amisa es Tema Tavis

gamoxatulebas poulobs grigol CirinaSvilis, kirile zdaneviCis,

naTela ianqoSvilis, guram quTaTelaZis, nikoloz ignatovis da sxva

81

mxatvarTa nawarmoebebSi. firosmanis personaJs umTavresad Tan sdevs

erTgvari martosulobis, siwmindis, uSualobis gancda, rac T.

xuciSvilis am portretisaTvisac aris damaxasiaTebeli. Kkompoziciuri

gaazrebis TvalsazrisiT es aris mxatvris Ziebebis originaluri

gadawyvetis erTgvari magaliTi. personaJis daxasiaTebis, misi sulieri

mdgomareobis gadmocemis, ferweruli gadawyvetis, formaTa plastikuri

Tu pirobiTi damuSavebis urTierTSerwyma am nawarmoebis mxatvrul

Rirsebas gansazRvravs.

Mmxatvrul-stilisturi da kompoziciuri gadawyvetis TvalsazrisiT

faqtiurad igive principebs emyareba namuSevari “sadguris morige”(t/z.

29X31. 1967). Aaq gamosaxuleba maqsimalurad aris motanili suraTis wina

planTan ise, rom portretirebulis Tavs TiTqmis mTeli sasuraTo

sibrtye uWiravs. Mmoxuci mamakacis mxatvruli saxe sadguris morigis

ganzogadebul tipaJs qmnis, misi profesia specialuri uniformiT aris

xazgasmuli. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom personaJi gamosaxulia msxvili

xediT, kompozicia ar xasiaTdeba monumenturobiT. Tavad personaJis saxe,

romelic met-naklebad ganzogadebuli plastikuri formebiT gadmoicema,

mainc moklebulia Sinagan mniSvnelovanebas. “sadguris morige”

warmogvidgeba rogorc kameruli saxasiaTo tipaJi. am personaJis samyaro

misi saxis plastikis SegrZnebiT aris gadmocemuli, kerZod, mkveTrad

ganaTebuli, dinamikuri pastozuri monasmebiT aris dawerili saxis

formebi, rac xazgasmulia TeTri Tmisa da ulvaSis dinamikuri

refleqsebiT. weris manera warmoaCens saxis ganzogadebuli formebis

plastikur simkvrives, rac aqcentirebulia sqeli konturuli naxatiTac.

es cxovrebisagan daRlili adamiani, TiTqos sakuTari Rirsebis

SegrZnebiT aris aRbeWdili, magram amave dros mis saxeSi naTlad

ikiTxeba erTgvari imedgacrueba da gaucxoeba garesamyaros mimarT. Ees

STabeWdileba ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia im xerxiT, rasac mxatvari

iyenebs Tvalebis gamosaxvisas. kerZod, gmiris mzera TiTqos erTi

SexedviT sivrceSia mimarTuli, amavdroulad igi garkveuli

wertilisaken fokusirdeba. Mmisi mZime quTuToebis aRmniSvneli sqeli

rkaluri monasmebi kidev ufro amZafrebs moxucis Rrmad Cavardnili

Tvalebis gamomsaxvelobas. Tvalis gugebis nacvlad mxatvari erTgvar

82

Sav “sicarieles” tovebs, rac personaJis TviTCaRrmavebis Tavisebur

gancdas badebs, mayurebeli cxadad grZnobs mis guneba-ganwyobilebas.

kompoziciuri mTlianobis miRwevis TvalsazrisiT, iseve rogorc

“firosmanSi”, foni aqac aqtiuri da qmediTi komponentia. namuSevris foni

qmnis erTgvar pirobiT garemos, kerZod garkveul paralelur plans,

romlis zedapiris cxovelxatuloba da ferweruli gadawyveta

Seesatyviseba Tavad figuris pastozur damuSavebas. kompoziciis

garkveuli sivrcobrioba gadmocemulia ara marto figuris moculobiT-

plastikuri formebiT, aramed fonis Taviseburi gaazrebiTac _ igi qmnis

garkveul sivrcul maxasiaTebels, kedlis miRma ganaTebuli Riobis

saxiT kidev erTi pirobiTi plani ikveTeba, romelic erTgvari bundovani

sivrculi garemos asociacias iwvevs. iseve rogorc “firosmanSi”, aqac

kedeli-foni xels uwyobs personaJis gaucxoebis gancdis gamovlenas.

suraTis ferweruli gadawyveta ZiriTadad sxvadasxva sisqisa da ritmis

mqone pastozuri monasmebis cxovelxatul gadmocemas efuZneba, rac xazs

usvams namuSevris zedapiris dinamikas. TavSekavebuli ferTa gama emyareba

moyavisfro-mowiTalo, moTeTro-movardisfro tonebis harmoniul

Sexamebas, romelic suraTis koloristul mTlianobas gansazRvravs.

iseve, rogorc zemoTganxilul namuSevarSi, emociuri muxtis

gadmocemisaTvis mxatvari aqac iyenebs mowiTalo tonebs, romlebic

sxvadasxva intensivobiT gasdevs personaJis saxes, quds, kitels. amdenad,

gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebiT, kameruli xasiaTiT, tipaJis erTgvari

gaucxoebiT “sadguris morige” T. xuciSvilis adreuli ferweris tipiur

nimuSs warmoadgens.

xasiaTis mkveTri gamovleniT, Taviseburi Sinagani mRelvarebiT aris

gamsWvaluli T. xuciSvilis “avtoportreti” (t/z. 29X25. 1970), romelSic

Semoqmedi mxatvrul-stilisturi, kompoziciuri Tu ferwerul-

plastikuri problemebis identur saSualebebs mimarTavs. sasuraTo

sibrtyeze farTo planiT gamosaxuli mxatvris siRrmiseuli mzera

TiTqos misi Sinagani samyarosaken aris mimarTuli. Aaxlos motanili

monoliTuri gamosaxuleba, romelsac suraTis kvadratuli formatis

udidesi nawili uWiravs, aZlierebs yuradRebis koncentracias personaJis

saxeze, ganapirobebs mxatvruli saxis daZabulobas, eqspresiulobas.

83

aRsaniSnavia, rom winare ganxiluli nimuSis msgavsad, Tvalis gugebi

aqac Savi “sicarieliT” aris Sevsebuli, rasac avtori erTgvari

ganyenebulobisa Tu gare samyarodan gaucxoebis, sakuTar TavSi

CaRrmavebisa Tu Caketvis, fiqris gadmocemis Tavisebur saSualebad

iyenebs. sqeli konturiT Semowerili saxisa da mxrebis moculobiTi

plastikuri formebi mkafiod, reliefurad gamoiyofa kompoziciis

molurjo- mocisfro fonze. mowiTalo-moyavisfro samosis, moyviTalo-

moTeTro saxisa da fonis civi molurjo ferTa kontrastuli Sexameba,

weris Tavisufali, pastozuri manera aZlierebs kompoziciis

gamomsaxvelobas. iseve, rogorc am periodis sxva namuSevrebSi,

“avtoportretSi” pirovnebis xasiaTis gaxsnisas mniSvnelovani roli

eniWeba ganaTebis efeqts, kerZod saxis marcxena nawili mkveTrad aris

ganaTebuli, maSin, roca marjvena mxare muqi monacrisfro-molurjo

naxevartonebiT aris damuSavebuli. Mmxatvari aqac mimarTavs formaTa

ganzogadebuli gadmocemis princips. igi zogadad Zerwavs monoliTur

formas, Tumca samosis damuSavebaSi Tavs iCens gluvi, sibrtyobrivi

laqebis gamoyenebac. samosisagan gansxvavebiT saxeze muSaobisas mxatvari

pastozuri weris meTods iyenebs, rac rogorc ukve aRiniSna, formis

moculobiT-plastikur, iluzorul warmoCenas da mTavarze yuradRebis

gamaxvilebas emsaxureba. Aamrigad, wina portretebisagan gansxvavebiT, am

nawarmoebSi modelis Sinagani eqspresiis gadmocema upiratesad mkveTri

feradovani kontrastebiT, kontrastuli ganaTebiT da tilos zedapiris

cxovelxatuli metyvelebiT aris ganpirobebuli. Mmxatvruli

gamomsaxvelobis amgvari saSualebebi aq eqspresiuli sawyisis

gasaZliereblad mizanmimarTulad aris gamoyenebuli. SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom adreul namuSevrebs Soris “avtoportreti” pirovnebis

individualuri bunebis ufro mZafri gamovleniT da mkafio daxasiaTebiT

gamoirCeva.

Mmetad gamomsaxvelia “jariskacis portreti” (m/z. 27X24. 1974),

romelSic eqspresiuli sawyisis wamoweva kidev ufro TvalsaCino xdeba.

farTo planiT mocemuli axalgazrda mamakacis dramatuli saxe

faqtiurad mTlianad moicavs suraTis kvadratul formats. Mmisi farTod

gaxelili metyveli Tvalebi, maRali Subli, mZime nikapi, mokled SeWrili

84

Tma aZlierebs pirovnebis Tavisebur tragizms. personaJis sivrceSi

mimarTuli sevdiani mzera erTgvari sulieri mRelvarebis, uimedobis

gancdis gamomxatvelia. namuSevari Sesrulebulia sqeli, msuye

dinamikuri monasmebiT, mxatvari mimarTavs Zerwvis igive pastozur

meTods, rac ara marto formis maxasiaTebeli, aramed namuSevris

emociuri muxtis matarebelicaa. suraTis saerTo ganwyobilebas

ganapirobebs rogorc saxis gamometyveleba, nakvTebis Tavisufali

damuSaveba, ise naTeli da muqi tonebis mkveTri dapirispireba;

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sqel, daZabul konturul xazs da

mkafio naxats. namuSevris kolorits gansazRvravs moyavisfro-moyviTalo,

molurjo da xakisferi tonebis ostaturi Sexameba. suraTis foni xels

uwyobs yuradRebis dafiqsirebas personaJis saxeze da feradovani

kuTxiTac amTlianebs kompozicias; foni da feri aq harmoniul

mTlianobaSia moyvanili. “avtoportretisagan” gansxvavebiT, sadac

eqspresiis gadmocema ZiriTadad ferTa kontrastebiT iyo ganpirobebuli,

“jariskacis portretSi” mTavari gamomsaxvelobiTi aqcenti dinamikuri

naxati da ferwerulad modelirebuli saxis plastikuri metyvelebaa.

Aamrigad, am nawarmoebebSi cxadad Cans mxatvris xelwerisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli is tipiuri niSnebi, romlebsac igi 1960-70-ian wlebSi

mimarTavs. modelis gaazreba upiratesad emyareba saxasiaTo tipaJis

Cvenebis mcdelobas, rac personaJis ganzogadebuli daxasiaTebiT, zogadi

ganwyobilebis gadmocemiT miiRweva. Kkompoziciuri gadawyveta

erTgvarovania, ganpirobebulia personaJis saxis aqcentirebiT,

plastikiTa da ferTa kontrastebiT, rac amavdroulad pirovnebis

xasiaTis gaxsnas emsaxureba. am pasiur personaJebs aerTianebs erTgvari

izolirebuloba, gaucxoeba, TviTCaRrmavebisa Tu simartovis gancda;

isini xasiaTdebian sakuTari Rirsebis garkveuli SegrZnebiT, magram ara

Sinagani mniSvnelovanebiT. T. xuciSvilis mxatvruli ena efuZneba

realisturi gaazrebisa Tu aRqmis princips, rac moculobis, plastikuri

formis gadmocemaSi vlindeba, magram amave dros mxatvris manera

xasiaTdeba samganzomilebiani iluzoruli formebisa da sibrtyobrivi,

pirobiTi formebis Taviseburi sinTeziTac, rac qarTuli xelovnebis

damaxasiaTebeli niSania; qarTuli tradiciebidan momdinareobs

85

TavSekavebuli koloritic. Fferi formaTqmnadobis, kompoziciuri

mTlianobisa da emociuri metyvelebis umniSvnelovanesi

saSualebaa.Mmxatvruli formis aqcentirebisa da dinamikurobis efeqtis

gasaZliereblad avtori mizanmimarTulad iyenebs xazs. tilos zedapiris

metyveli faqtura, formis damuSavebis Tavisufali, pastozuri manera

kompoziciebis cxovelxatulobisa da ritmuli sawyisis ganmsazRvrelia.

1970-ian wlebSi Seqmnili iseTi suraTebi, rogorebicaa: “dedis

portreti”( t/z. 60X50. 1972), “eqvsi wlis gia”( t/z. 50X40. 1972), “eliko”(m/z.

58X47. 1971) “gogi xoStarias portreti” (t/z. 80X60. 1975) da sxv.

naTelyofen mxatvris xelovnebaSi momxdar Tavisebur gardatexas.

izrdeba namuSevris formati, icvleba kompoziciuri struqtura, romelic

upiratesad vertikalur ritms eqvemdebareba, mxatvruli saxis

ganzogadebuli aRqma adgils uTmobs realistur gamomsaxvelobiT

meTods, rac gamosaxulebis bunebriobisa da uSualobis sawindari xdeba.

feri kvlavac mxatvruli saxis emociuri zemoqmedebis umniSvnelovanesi

faqtoria, igi aqtiurad emsaxureba portretirebulis individualuri

niSnebisa da misi Sinagani mdgomareobis gadmocemas. mxatvari faqtiurad

uars ambobs sqel, pastozur monasmebze, Tumca misi weris manera laRi,

Tavisufali rCeba. Aam mxriv niSandoblivia mxatvar “guram

navrozaSvilis portreti”( t/z. 50X40. 1973). personaJi gamosaxulia

welzemoT neitralur muq moyavisfro fonze, romelic gacocxlebulia

sxvadasxva tonis moruxo-moyviTalo-mowiTalo dinamikuri monasmebiT.

Savi puloveri, TeTri perangis sayelo fonTan mimarTebaSi

gansakuTrebul vizualur efeqts qmnis. realisturi sicxadiT aris

gadmocemuli mxatvris saxe, romelic garkveul fsiqologiur

mdgomareobas gamoxatavs. Mmisi sevdiani mzera TiTqos mayureblisaken

aris mipyrobili, Tumca personaJis kontaqti damTvalierebelTan

Tavisebur distanciurobas inarCunebs. Aam STabeWdilebas aZlierebs

modelis poza _ moxrili mxrebi, gadajvaredinebuli xelebi da

mklavebSi Camaluli xelis mtevnebi. winare mxatvruli saxeebisagan

gansxvavebiT mxatvari cdilobs modelis Sinagani ganwyobileba, misi

erTgvari gaucxoeba mnaxvelisaTvis ufro TvalsaCino gaxados. Aamas igi

aRwevs saxis aqcentirebiT, metyveli mzeriT, romelic ufro konkretuli,

86

individualuria da gmiris damaxasiaTebel niSans warmoadgens. rogorc

zemoT aRiniSna, personaJis sulieri ganwyoba, fsiqologiuri

mdgomareobis gadmocema upiratesad ganpirobebulia poziT. Ffigura aqac

TiTqmis mTlianad avsebs sasuraTo formats, misi Caketili plastika,

saxe da Tavad foni qmnis erTian, mRelvare garemos, rac xels uwyobs

konkretuli pirovnebis xasiaTis warmoCenas. T. xuciSvilis weris manera

1970-ian wlebSi SemuSavebul gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebs efuZneba, magram

Tavad modelis gaazrebaSi ikveTeba is Taviseburebani, romlebic

damaxasiaTebeli iqneba mxatvris 1980-iani wlebis namuSevrebisTvisac.

TandaTan Ee. w. saxasiaTo tipaJis nacvlad avtori mimarTavs meti

konkretizaciis, pirovnebis individualurobis, misi garegnuli

daxasiaTebis Tu Sinagani Rirsebis ufro mkafiod, realisturad

warmoCenis princips. amdenad, es namuSevari erTgvar gardamaval

nimuSadac ki SegviZlia ganvixiloT 1970-ian da 1980-ian wlebSi

Sesrulebul portretebs Soris.

realisturi portretis principebis srulfasovani gamovlena da

mxatvris individualuri xelweris niSnebi cxadad mJRavndeba “veriko

anjafariZis portretSi” (t/z. 80X67. 1983). Kkompozicia vertikalur

formatzea ganawilebuli. sasuraTo sibrtyis wina planze gamosaxulia

msxvili kadriT mocemuli savarZelSi mjdomi asakovani qalbatoni.

savarZlis ukan interieris Caketil sivrceSi kidev erTi paraleluri

plania, sadac ikiTxeba avejis fragmenti, romelzec didi larnaki devs,

misi gadaWrili forma iluzorulad zrdis sivrces kompoziciis zeda

nawilSi. suraTis fons qmnis kedeli, romelic mTlianad ketavs da

aCerebs kompoziciis siRrmeSi ganviTarebas. aseTi kompoziciuri

struqturis Sedegad yuradReba mTlianad koncentrirdeba pirovnebaze.

msaxiobis figura mocemulia 3/4 ¾ brunSi, fexi-fexze gadadebuli

mobrunebuli sxeuliTa da odnav marcxniv gadaxrili TaviT, romelic

marjvena xels eyrdnoba. Ffaqtiurad figuris rTuli poza aq

kontrapostis princips efuZneba. Mmsaxiobi TiTqos isvenebs, igi

warmodgenilia mSvidi, ramdenadme Teatralizebuli poziT. Mmisi axlo

planiT motanili gamosaxuleba ikiTxeba suraTis marcxena diagonaluri

kuTxidan qvemodan zemoT, rac personaJs aRmatebiT xarisxSi

87

warmoaCens.Aam STabeWdilebas aZlierebs didi zomis savarZeli, misi

yvavilebiT moCiTuli atlasis zedapiri, mooqrovili sazurge Tu

saxelurebi, rac rokokos stilSia gadawyvetili. igi, erTis mxriv,

gadmoscems modelis pozis komfortulobas, meores mxriv ki misi

mniSvnelovanebis, fizikuri da sulieri silamazis xazgasmas emsaxureba.

veriko gamosaxulia mokle WaRara TmiT, misi mkveTrad ganaTebuli

mravlismetyveli saxe, marjvniv, sivrceSi mimarTuli gamWriaxi mzera

amJRavnebs pirovnebis rTul Sinagan samyaros, mis araerTgvarovnebas;

mxatvari didi damajereblobiT gadmoscems artistis sulier simtkices,

cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas, sakuTari Rirsebisa Tu profesionalizmis

SegrZnebas. Mmsaxiobis eleganturi samosi, Savi alag-alag gamWvirvale

kaba, Zvirfasi samkauli (Zewkvi, kuloni, samajurebi) xazs usvams saxalxo

artistis gansakuTrebul rolsa da adgils sazogadoebaSi. Ggmiris

xasiaTis warmoCenaSi, rogorc wesi, yvelaze mniSvnelovan detals saxe

warmoadgens. 1970-iani wlebis portretebisagan gansxvavebiT aq saxe

gadmocemulia mkvrivi da ufro gluvad dawerili plastikuri formebiT,

raSic swored weris realisturi manera da mxatvris didi ostatoba

mJRavndeba. Aaqac, iseve rogorc wina portretebSi, didi mniSvneloba

eniWeba saxis ganaTebas, rac mkafiod avlens modelis saxis plastikas,

mis inteleqtualur bunebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavad garemo, figuris

aRqmis xasiaTi Tu pozis erTgvari artistizmi _ jdoma, gamoxedva,

xelebis mdgomareoba (erTi muxlze Tavisuflad dadebuli, meore

savarZelze idayvdayrdnobili da TavTan mibjenili) am suraTSi cxadad

warmoaCens pirovnebis Tanaziarobas Teatris samyarosTan. veriko Tavis

ampluaSia, misi STagoneba, Sinagani sxivi Tu SemoqmedebiTi aqtivoba

imdenad TvalSisacemia, rom iqmneba STabeWdileba TiTqos msaxiobi Tavis

erT-erT rols TamaSobs. A

amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am nawarmoebSi saxezea pirovnebis

erTgvari “idealizeba”, rac Taviseburad exmianeba qarTuli portretis

im tradicias, romelic l. gudiaSvilis namuSevrebisaTvis aris

niSandoblivi. Tuki erTmaneTs SevadarebT veriko anjafariZis da Tamar

ciciSvilis portretul saxeebs TvalsaCino gaxdeba, rom T. xuciSvilTan

modelis garkveuli idealizeba rCeba konkretuli pirovnebis, misi

88

individualurobis, xasiaTis mkafio gamoxatvis farglebSi, maSin, roca

l. gudiaSvilTan meti yuradReba eqceva mxatvruli saxis garegnul-

warmosaxviT interpretacias da ara misi Sinagani bunebis win wamowevas.

zemoT ganxilul portretebSi gamoyenebuli meTodis Tanaxmad T.

xuciSvili aqac mimarTavs wina planze gamosaxuli moculobiT-

plastikuri formebisa da ukana planis ganzogadebuli, ramdenadme

pirobiTad Sesrulebuli fonis, avejis gadmocemis efeqtur

dapirispirebas; suraTis kompoziciuri gaerTianebis xerxs, rogorc

avtors sCvevia, aqac ferTa TavSekavebuli gama da nawarmoebis saerTo

koloristuli gadawyveta warmoadgens. upiratesad igi efuZneba civi

molurjo-monacrisfro, moyavisfro-movardisfro tonebis

urTierTSeTanxmebas, romelzec mkveTrad gamoiyofa samosis didi moSavo

laqa da kabis nakecebis aRmniSvneli moTeTro-mocisfro refleqsebi.

mxatvari Cveuli ostatobiT gadmoscems Txeli abreSumis qsovilis

gamWvirvale faqturas, savarZlis atlasis priala zedapirs, samkaulis,

mooqrovili xis Tu spilenZis larnakis elvarebas. Tbili

naxevartonebiT da mkveTri ganaTebiT iZerweba sxeulis moculobiT-

plastikuri formebi, gansakuTrebiT saxe da xelebi. suraTis mxatvrul-

stilisturi gadawyveta eqvemdebareba realisturi xerxebis gadmocemis

princips, figuris plastikis warmoCenas da Sesabamisad adamianis

xasiaTis gamomJRavnebas. Mmxatvruli saxis gamomsaxvelobis, pirovnebis

Sinagani siRrmis gamoaSkaravebisa Tu maxvili daxasiaTebis kuTxiT es T.

xuciSvilis mier Sesrulebuli realisturi portretis erT-erTi

saukeTeso nimuSia, romelSic mTeli sisavsiT vlindeba mxatvris uzado

ostatoba, rogorc realisturi formis moculobiT-plastikuri

gadmocemis, ise modelis Sinagani wvdomis TvalsazrisiTac.

1980-ian wlebSi Sesrulebul portretebs Soris uSualobiT, naTeli,

xalisiani ganwyobiT gamoirCeva “qaliSvilis portreti~ (t/z. 70X60. 1981).

namuSevris muq moyavisfro fonze mkafiod gamoiyofa axalgazrda qalis

mkveTrad ganaTebuli mjdomare figura, romelsac sasuraTo sibrtyis

umetesi nawili uWiravs. personaJi gamosaxulia axlo planiT, rac

mxatvruli saxis farTo wakiTxvis saSualebas iZleva. misi sandomiani,

momRimari saxe, zedmiwevniT cocxali, metyveli Tvalebi, romlebic

89

uSualod mayurebels Sescqerian, models Sinagani xibliT, bunebrivi

silamaziT aRavsebs. qaliSvilis gamomsaxveli poza, xelebis plastika,

odnav zeaweuli marcxniv gadaxrili Tavi personaJs erTgvar Sinagan

mRelvarebas aniWebs. xelebis moxazuloba _ doinjSemoyrili marjvena,

muxlze dadebuli marcxena, TiTqos aCarCoebs dinamikur kompozicias da

sisruleSi mohyavs igi. namuSevari Tavisufali monasmebiT aris

Sesrulebuli. rbili tonaluri gadasvlebiT iZerweba sxeulis formebi,

saxis nakvTebi da samosi. sada muqi yavisferi kofTa, TeTri pijaki,

wiTeli yvavilebiT moCiTuli Savi qvedakaba daxvewil feradovan aqcents

qmnis. Zalze ostaturad aris gadmocemuli TeTri pijaki, romelic

cxovelxatulad aris dawerili monacrisfro-moyavisfro, moTeTro-

moyviTalo tonebiT. suraTis fonze, romelSic muqi moyavifro feri

dominirebs, datanilia moyavisfro-moSavo, mowiTalo-moruxo monasmebi,

rac Seesabameba namuSevris mTlian ferwerul struqturas. weris

Tavisufali maneriT, teqnikis srulyofili flobiT avtori aRwevs

mxatvruli saxis emociur gamomsaxvelobas, mkafiod warmoaCens naturis

xasiaTs, ganwyobilebas, fizikur Tu sulier mSvenierebas.

1980-90-ian wlebSi Sesrulebuli portretebSi T. xuciSvili

upiratesad SemoqmedebiTi inteligenciis warmomadgenlebs gamosaxavs,

aseTebia: “dodo WiWinaZis” (t/z. 93X123. 1981), “marika didebuliZis” (t/z.

60X55. 1980), “tariel quTaTelaZis” (t/z. 74X61. 1982), “manana abazaZis” (t/z.

50X40. 1996) da sxvaTa portretebi, romlebSic igi adamianur, humanistur

sawyisebs amkvidrebs. misi mxatvruli manera da gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi

faqtiurad erTgvarovania, kerZod es aris portretirebulis axlo

planiT gamosaxva, misi sulieri Tu fizikuri Rirsebebis win wamoweva,

modelis erTgvari uSualo aRqma, rac pirvel rigSi xazgasmulia

mayureblisaken mimarTuli mzeriT. es mxatvruli saxeebi ZiriTadad

interieris fonze yofiT garemoSi arian warmodgenilni, rac maT

erTgvar kamerul-intimur JReradobasac ganapirobebs. mxatvari

damajereblad warmoaCens modelis simSvides, Sinagan

gawonasworebulobas, sulier sifaqizes, inteleqts. am mxriv

niSandoblivia xelovnebaTmcodne “mzia janjalias portreti” (t/z. 63X55.

1983). suraTis TiTqmis kvadratuli formatis mTeli sibrtye uWiravs

90

oTaxis interieris fonze gamosaxul pirovnebas. misi savarZelSi mjdomi

msxvili planiT mocemuli figura gamosaxulia 3/4 brunSi, saxe naCvenebia

TiTqmis frontalurad. axalgazrda qalis farTod gaxelili Tvalebi,

lamazi saxis nakvTebi realisturi damajereblobiT gadmoscems mis

mimzidvel garegnobas; modelis poza, metyveli mzera, Tavisufali jdoma

Tu muxlebze dawyobili xelebi garkveulwilad sulieri simSvidis

gamovlenas ganapirobebs da TvalsaCinos xdis mis pirovnul xasiaTs.

rogorc wesi, namuSevarSi ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba saxesa da xelebze,

rac formaTa Zerwvis gulmodgine damuSavebiT gamoirCeva. samosi _

molurjo-monacisfro kaba, Savi Jileti da samkauli gadmoicema ufro

ganzogadebuli formebiT, pastozurad dawerili monasmebiT. namuSevris

foni maqsimalurad sazRvravs, Taviseburad ketavs suraTis sivrces, rac

kompoziciuri agebis kamerulobas ganapirobebs, Tumca es xerxi xels

uwyobs yuradRebis koncentracias Tavad portretze. miuxedavad amisa,

samganzomilebiani sivrcis gadmocema aq sxvadasxva sibrtyeebisa Tu

siRrmis realisturi CvenebiT perspeqtivis klasikuri kanonebis

gamoyenebis principebs eqvemdebareba. suraTis ukana planze gamosaxuli

sagnebi _ Taroze dawyobili saRebavis qilebi, magidaze dadebuli

Zveleburi spilenZis qvabi da Sandali, kedelze dakidebuli Zveleburi

xaliCa qmnis garkveul myudro garemos, erTgvar SemoqmedebiT

atmosferos, rac Taviseburad warmoaCens pirovnebis kavSirs xelovnebis

samyarosTan. am SemTxvevaSi fonismieri garemo erTgvari mizanmimarTuli

miniSnebaa portretirebulis daxasiaTebisaTvis.

T. xuciSvilis humanisturi damokidebuleba modelis mimarT

gansakuTrebuli sicxadiT mJRavndeba bavSvTa portretebSi. 1980-90-ian

wlebSi mxatvari qmnis bavSvTa portretebis mTel galereas: “irakli

Jvania” (m/z. 60X50. 1989), “rodami” (t/z. 50X40. 1989), “ Tiko CiraZe” (t/z.

60X70. 1993), “nanuka kalandaZe” (t/z. 70X60. 1993) da sxv., romlebic naTeli

ganwyobiT, sixalasiT da siTboTi arian gamsWvalulni. niSandoblivia,

rom portretuli Janris es metad rTuli da specifikuri nairsaxeoba

mxatvrisagan did Sinagan Zalisxmevas, SemoqmedebiT alRos moiTxovs. mas

sakmaod iSviaTad mimarTaven Tanamedrove qarTul mxatvrobaSi. T.

xuciSvils Seswevs unari damajereblad gadmosces bavSvis sulieri

91

samyaro, Rrmad da faqizad Cawvdes misi fsiqologiis Taviseburebebs.

rogorc wesi, es namuSevrebi moklebuli arian sentimentalurobas,

Tavisebur “sitkboebas”, rac arc Tu ise iSviaTad axasiaTebs am Janris

portretebs. mxatvari qmnis seriozul, gonier, bunebriobiT aRbeWdil

bavSvTa saxeebs, romlebic upiratesad interierSi arian warmodgenilni.

maTi pozebi gamoirCeva bavSvebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Zaldautanebeli,

Tavisufali moqmedebiT, plastikiT, JestikulaciiT. personaJebis uSualo

aRqmas, maT gulwrfelobas gansazRvravs modelis msxvili xediT

gamosaxva, saxisa da mzeris aqcentireba, rac mxatvris erT-erT

damaxasiaTebel niSnad gvevlineba; gamosaxulebis mkafioebas, sicxades

kidev ufro akonkretebs sivrcobrivad Caketili kameruli garemo,

romelic saerTo kompoziciuri gadawyvetis simSvidesa da

gawonasworebulobas usvams xazs. interieris detalebi, aqsesuari

gamoyenebulia zomierad. miuxedavad gamomsaxveli faqturisa da

cxovelxatuli ferweruli damuSavebisa samosi garkveuli sisadaviT

xasiaTdeba. koloristuli gama yvela namuSevarSi daxvewili da

TavSekavebulia.

amrigad, 1980-90-ian wlebSi Sesrulebul nawarmoebTa mxatvrul

gadawyvetaSi TvalsaCino xdeba avtoris xedvisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

Taviseburebani, rac sxvadasxva gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis ostatur

gadmocemaSi mJRavndeba. kerZod esaa: weris cxovelxatuli ferweruli

manera, realisturi sicxade da damajerebloba, kompoziciis saerTo

struqturis sisadave, formaTa Zerwvis moculobiT-plastikuri

metyveleba, TavSekavebuli koloristuli gama da a.S. 1970-ian wlebSi

Sesrulebul namuSevrebTan SedarebiT isini xasiaTdebian portretis

gaazrebis erTgvari renesansul-klasikuri midgomiT; amaSi igulisxmeba

ara konkretulad renesansis epoqis portretuli saxeebisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi _ zogadad adamianis, rogorc samyaros baton-

patronis, misi gansakuTrebuli dominanturi mdgomareobis gadmocema,

aramed upirveles yovlisa konkretuli pirovnebis adamianuri,

humanisturi sawyisebis wina planze wamoweva, misi sulieri da fizikuri

harmoniis dafiqsirebis mcdeloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom T. xuciSvilis

portretebis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebas warmoadgens modelisa da misi

92

garemomcveli sivrcis erTi ganwyobiT gadmocema, maT Soris kavSiri.

magram miuxedavad imisa, rom isini mayurebelTan kontaqtSi arian, es

personaJebi mainc garkveuli ganyenebulobiT arian aRbeWdilni, isini

TiTqos sakuTar sivrceSi rCebian da samyaros pasiuri WvretiT

xasiaTdebian.

1990-iani wlebidan T. xuciSvilis SemoqmedebaSi arsebiTi cvlilebebi

SeiniSneba, rac pirvel rigSi gamoxatulebas hpovebs portretis ufro

akademiur, “klasicistur” gaazrebaSi. kerZod, modelis fizikuri

msgavsebis ostatur gadmocemasTan erTad mxatvari did yuradRebas

uTmobs garegnul efeqtebs, TvalnaTliv avlens pirovnebis maRal

socialur statuss, sazogadoebaSi mis erTgvar dawinaurebul

mdgomareobas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cvens winaSea axali fenis,

Tanamedrove burJuaziis warmomadgenelTa reprezentaciuli portretebi.

magaliTisaTvis gamodgeba “gia joxTaberiZis portreti” (t/z. 80X65. 2002).

iseve rogorc adreul nawarmoebebSi modeli mocemulia msxvili xediT

3/4 brunSi. personaJi warmodgenilia rTuli poziT, misi mjdomare

figura aRiqmeba marcxnidan marjvniv, qvemodan zemoT, marcxena xeliT

igi savarZlis kides eyrdnoba. saxe da sxeuli mocemulia frontalurad,

erTmaneTze gadaWdobili xelis mtevnebi TiTqos asrulebs kompozicias.

pozis amgvari gaazreba Taviseburad usvams xazs portretirebulis

mniSvnelovanebas, Tavdajerebulobas. mkvrivad, Suq-Crdilovani

modelirebiT gadmocemuli saxis nakvTebi, mayueblisaken mimarTuli

koncentrirebuli mzera pirovnebis mtkice xasiaTis warmoCenas

emsaxureba. niSandoblivia, rom pirovnebis reprezentaciulobis, Rirsebis

SegrZnebis, sakuTari SesaZleblobebis rwmenis ganmsazRvreli faqtori aq

aris aramarto personaJis mediduri poza, aramed misi sada, gemovnebiT

SerCeuli samosi, minimalurad, met-naklebi aqcentirebiT gadmocemuli

aqsesuari (oqros Zewkvi, Zvirfasi saaTi). figura gamosaxulia ganyenebul

neitralur fonze, romlis ZiriTadi Sua are damuSavebulia gluvad

dawerili moyavisfro-monacrisfro-momwvano tonebiT, xolo kideebi

molurjo-moyavisfro CrdilebiT. kompoziciis centraluri nawilis

ganaTebul moyavisfro fonze mkveTrad gamoiyofa personaJis silueti,

kerZod ganzogadebulad dawerili Savi qurTuki, romlis nakecebi aseve

93

Savi feris, ufro muqi tonebiT aris modelirebuli. arc fonis, arc

samosis da saxis damuSavebaSi mxatvari faqtiurad aRar iyenebs

Tavisufal pastozs, maTi gadmocemisas plastikuri formebi

gulmodgined iwereba faqizi ferweruli da Suq-Crdilovani

modelirebiT, rac mxatvruli formebis realistur sicxades

ganapirobebs. gluvi, realisturi weris principi ramdenadme darRveulia

cisferi perangis gadmocemaSi, sadac erTmaneTs enacvleba civi

molurjo-moTeTro, mocisfro da movardisfro Tavisuflad dadebuli

tonebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom neitraluri pirobiTi fonisa da moculobiT-

plastikuri formebis efeqturi dapirispirebiT aq kidev ufro

TvalsaCino xdeba iluzoruloba, gamosaxulebis samganzomilebianoba,

romelic realisturi ferweruli skolis saukeTeso tradiciebs efuZneba

da dasavleT evropul xelovnebaSi XVII s-idan momdinareobs.

kompoziciuri sicxade, muqi, TavSekavebuli koloriti, weris akademiuri

manera da gamosaxulebis mkafioeba namuSevars erTgvar “klasicistur”

simkacres aniWebs.

msgavsi mxatvrul-stilisturi TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba “manana

SevardnaZis portreti” (t/z. 76X63. 1999). modeli aqac gamosaxulia rTuli

poziT 3/4 brunSi, figura diagonalurad ikiTxeba marjvnidan marcxniv da

qvemodan zemoT, Tumca misi erTgvari moSvebuloba, skamis sazurges

miyrdnobili korpusi ar iwvevs personaJis reprezentaciulobis gancdas.

mxatvars ZiriTadi aqcenti gadaaqvs portretirebulis Cafiqrebul

saxeze, romelSic erTgvari lirikuli ganwyobis Cvenebis mcdeloba

ikiTxeba. miuxedavad amisa, misi sivrceSi mimarTuli mzera sakmaod

ganyenebulia. figura aqac warmodgenilia movardisfro-mocisfro

monasmebiT gluvad daweril neitralur fonze, rac xels uwyobs misi

mkvrivi, moculobiT-plastikuri formebis mkafiod warmoCenas. sxeulis

formebi, saxis nakvTebi rbili Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiT iZerweba da

erTgvari xelSesaxebi sicxadiT xasiaTdeba. am SemTxvevaSi pirovnebis

socialuri statusis warmosaCenad gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba

ara imdenad modelis pozas, ramdenadac realisturi damajereblobiT

Sesrulebul aqsesuars. oqros faqturis mZafri SegrZnebiT aris

dawerili mdidruli samkauli _ saaTi, samajuri, Zewkvi, sayure, beWdebi,

94

aseve gamomsaxvelia kabis Zvirfasi qsovili. yovelive es xazs usvams

portretirebulis moxdenil garegnobas. namuSevris koloritSi

dominirebs Tbili moyavisfro-mooqrosfro tonebi. niSandoblivia, rom

Tavisi kompoziciuri gadawyvetiT, formatiT, zomiT, weris maneriT,

modelis gaazrebiT Tu erTgvarovani xasiaTiT es suraTebi

Sewyvilebuli portretis nimuSadac SeiZleba miviCnioT, rac SesaZloa

dakveTis xasiaTiTac aris nakarnaxevi.

Taviseburi civi reprezentaciulobiT xasiaTdeba “margaritas

portreti” (t/z. 128X95. 2004). savarZelSi mjdomi qalbatonis frontaluri

poza, jdomis manera, Jestikulaciis garkveuli maneruloba, mkacri

gamometyveleba xazs usvams mis pretenziul, qedmaRlur xasiaTs da amave

dros portretirebulis garegnobis afiSirebas. faqturis

gansakuTrebuli SegrZnebiT, formis erTgvari naturalisturi

gadmocemiT xasiaTdeba misi eleganturi samosi da aqsesuari _ momwvano-

moruxo Rrmad dekoltirebuli palto, romelsac igive feris fafuki boa

amSvenebs, Calmis tipis moyavisfro Tavsaburavi, romlis naoWebi didi

Tvliani broSiT aris Sekruli, mdidruli samkauli _ firuzisTvlebiani

samajuri, beWdebi, savarZelze dafenili leopardis bewvi da a. S. iqmneba

STabeWdileba, rom Tavisi gamomsaxvelobiT, poziT, samosiT suraTze

warmodgenili personaJi TiTqos Tavad usvams xazs sakuTar

upiratesobas, socialur statuss, materialur keTildReobas, rac,

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, dakveTis xasiaTidan Tu damkveTis interesebidan

momdinareobs.

Mamdenad, am periodSi Sesrulebuli portretebis mxatvruli

gadawyvetis principebi faqtiurad erTgvarovani xdeba da ganisazRvreba

xazgasmuli realisturobisaken, erTgvari naturalizmisaken swrafviT.

modelis garegnul niSnebs mxatvari zedmiwevniT zustad, mTeli

damajereblobiT gadmoscems. rbili Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiT, faqizi

tonaluri gadasvlebiT iwereba sxeulis formebi, iZerweba sagnebi.

niSandoblivia, rom T. xuciSvilis mier 1900-2000-ian wlebSi

Sesrulebuli nawarmoebebis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs warmoadgens

kompoziciuri mkafioeba, sivrculi wyoba, neitraluri foni, efeqturi

ganaTeba, TavSekavebuli koloriti da a. S.

95

T. xuciSvilis mravalferovan SemoqmedebaSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

adgili Janrul ferweras ukavia, maT Sorisaa kompoziciebi yofiTi

specifikis sruli gamovleniT da siuJeturi xasiaTis nawarmoebebi. esenia

garkveuli socialuri jgufebisa Tu tipebis amsaxveli scenebi, Janruli

elementebiT aRbeWdili portretebi da sxv. Ees kameruli suraTebi

Tavisebur intimur garemos qmnian, sadac mxatvruli saxeebi sakuTar

TavSi davanebul, “gardasul dReTa” personaJebad warmogvidgebian da

garkveuli romantizebiT xasiaTdebian.

Janruli suraTisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli calkeuli epizodis

gamosaxvisa Tu ambis detalizebuli Txrobis tendencia mJRavndeba

namuSevarSi “duqani” (t/z. 125X150. 1975), sadac adamianebi da maTi

garemocva Tavisebur samyaros qmnian. nawarmoebs naTeli, dasrulebuli

struqtura gaaCnia, rac Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs mis ferwerul-

plastikur erTianobas da avlens mxatvris gansakuTrebul yuradRebas

arqiteqtonikisa da koloristuli saSualebebis mimarT. sivrce aq

suraTis sibrtyis paralelurad siRrmeSi nela iSleba da Taviseburi

mravalplanianobis iluzias qmnis. sainteresoa, rom kompozicias

faqtiurad or Tanabar ared hyofs xis masiuri moyavisfro daxli, rac

or ZiriTad paralelur plans warmoSobs. wina planze suraTis marcxena

kuTxeSi gamosaxulia mimtanis mjdomare, 3/4-iT Semobrunebuli figura.

aRsaniSnavia am axalgazrda qeraTmiani qalis portretuli daxasiaTeba,

farTod gaxelili metyveli Tvalebi, romlebic pirdapir mnaxvels

Sehyurebs. misi Cacmuloba _ muqi vardisferi kaba, TeTri winsafari,

TeTrzoliani yviTeli perangi Tu muxlebze dafenili Ria moyavisfro

tilo nawarmoebSi aqtiur feradovan aqcents qmnis. suraTis marjvena

kuTxeSi, mimtani qalis gaswvriv, moTavsebulia xis masiuri, muqi

yavisferi kasri, romelic kompoziciis Tavisebur mdgradobas da mTavar

moculobaTa marTebul Tanafardobas gansazRvravs. suraTis meore

planze, kompoziciis centrSi gamosaxulia msuqani mamakacis daxls miRma

mdgomi figura. misi saxasiaTo, bunebrivi poza, TeTri perangis

akapiwebuli saxeloebi, TeTri qudi Tu Ria moyavisfro winsafari

personaJs meduqnis tipiur iers aniWebs. misi saxe aseve

individualizebulia da konkretul niSnebs atarebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom am

96

personaJebis saxeebSi ikiTxeba erTgvari sevda, gaucxoeba, mxatvris mier

maTi Sinagani, pirovnuli TviTgancdis gadmocemis mcdeloba. metyveli da

dinamikuria suraTis zeda marjvena kuTxeSi warmodgenili scena, rogorc

Cans es duqnis samzareuloa, sadac sayofacxovrebo saqmianobiT

dakavebuli sami personaJia gamosaxuli. TavianTi proporciuli

SefardebiT, bundovani ganaTebis specifikiT isini siRrmeSi aRiqmebian,

rac garkveulwilad mesame planis gancdas badebs. Tavisi kompoziciuri

wyobiT, dinamikuri ritmiT, erTiani ganwyobiT Tu saxeTa ganzogadebiT

es scena TiTqos damoukidebel xasiaTs iZens. am STabeWdilebas kidev

ufro aZlierebs samzareulos scenis aqcentireba misi SemomsazRvreli

CarCoebiT, rasac suraTis ukana planze mocemuli Taros vertikali da

daxlis horizontali qmnis. miuxedavad yovelive amisa, koloristuli

TvalsazrisiT, kompoziciis es nawili srul harmoniaSia suraTis erTian

Tbil moyavisfro gamasTan. gansakuTrebuli sicxoveliT, xelSesaxebi

sicxadiT gadmoscems mxatvari daxlze Tu Taroebze dawyobil sagnebs _

xiliT savse faifuris vazas, minis ludis kaTxebs, vercxlisfer

samovars, Sampanurisa Tu Rvinis boTlebs, romlebic misTvis

damaxasiaTebeli realisturi gamomsaxvelobiT, faqturulobisa da

plastikurobis mZafri SegrZnebiT xasiaTdeba.

yofiT Temaze Sesrulebuli suraTis erT-erTi magaliTia “mrecxavi”

(t/z 38X32, 1986). suraTze gamosaxulia oTaxis fragmenti, sadac mxatvari

warmogvidgens mrecxav qals. interieris marcxena nawili karebis RiobiT

aris CamoWrili. kompoziciis aseTi kadrirebuli ageba mTavarze

yuradRebis fiqsirebis, konkretuli adamianis daxasiaTebis Taviseburi

saSualebaa. aRsaniSnavia, rom aq mxatvris mTavari amocana ara

portretuloba, aramed yofiTi aspeqtis uSualo gadmocemaa, romlis

mxatvruli ganzogadebis safuZvels konkretuli movlenis asaxva

warmoadgens. personaJis daxasiaTebaSi wamyvani mniSvneloba Tematur

motivs eniWeba _ centraluri adgili kompoziciaSi wina planze

gamosaxul sarecxis moyavisfro taSts da molurjo Tungs ukavia, rac

fizikur Sromaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. Suq-Crdili da ganaTeba,

rogorc wesi, T. xuciSvilis saxviTi enis mniSvnelovani faqtoria.

sinaTlis Suqi, romelic marcxnidan ecema taStze daxril figuras,

97

yvelaze mkafiod wina plans _ farTo, Tavisufali monasmebiT daweril

qalis masiur sxeuls, Ronier xelebs anaTebs da gamosaxulebas erTgvar

reliefurobas aniWebs. mimzidveli da efeqturia ganaTebisa da daxvewili

moyavisfro koloritis erTianobiT gaJRenTili sivrculi garemocva.

suraTis saerTo kompoziciuri gadawyvetis lakonizmi, mTavarze

yuradRebis gamaxvileba qmnis mxatvruli ganzogadebisa da saxis farTo

wakiTxvis saSualebas.

siuJetur_saxeobrivi da realisturi daxasiaTebis simkveTriT

gamoirCeva “lxini” (t/x 63X85, 1994). es aris Janruli kompoziciis

tradiciuli formis suraTi, romelSic yofiTi Temis erT-erTi epizodi

_ myudro oTaxSi gaSlil sufrasTan msxdomi moqeifeTa scena aris

warmodgenili. niSandoblivia, rom namuSevarSi dro dakonkretebuli da

TiTqos SeCerebulia, rac Janrul stilistikas Seesabameba. aq yuradReba

realistur gamomsaxvelobazea gadatanili, rasac siuJeturi motivis

simaxvile gansazRvravs. kompoziciis wina planze gamosaxul mdidrul

magidas sami pirovneba uzis, marcxnidan marjvniv maTi ganlageba da

moqmedeba Semdegnairad viTardeba _ wiTel samxedro mundirSi

gamowyobili mamakaci papiross abolebs, mis gverdiT mjdomi saTvaliani

axalgazrda gitaras ukravs, fexze mdgomi msuqani mamakaci, romelic

doqidan wiTel Rvinos asxams da megobrul nadims maspinZlobs, Tavad

avtori _ T. xuciSvilia. moqeifeTa rigs asrulebs suraTis marjvena

kuTxeSi moTavsebuli Coxiani mamakacis profilSi mocemuli figura,

romlis SezarxoSebuli mzera mayureblisaken aris mimarTuli. moqmedeba

mimdinareobs neitraluri moyavisfro ferisa da rbili ganaTebis

gradaciiT Seqmnil sivrcul garemocvaSi. igi warmoadgens intimur

interiers _ oTaxis kedeli morTulia yvavilebiT moCiTuli SpaleriT,

gamomsaxvelia ornamentul oqrosfer CarCoSi Casmuli suraTis

fragmenti bundovani peizaJis miniSnebiT, suraTis zeda marjvena

kuTxidan daSvebuli mZime atlasis farda. didi ostatobiT, faqturis

naturalisturi gadmocemiT aris Sesrulebuli TeTr sufraze

dalagebuli daxvewili naturmorti _ minis, faifuris, vercxlis

WurWeli. mxatvari realisturi sicxadiT, detalurad amowers personaJTa

tansacmels, sxvadasxva aqsesuars da a.S. yovelive es sagnobrivi samyaros

98

ferwerulad gadmocemuli materialuri arsis warmoCenas emsaxureba.

eWvgareSea personaJTa portretuloba, maTi Cacmuloba Tu metyveli

pozebi xasiaTTa sxvadasxvaobas ganapirobebs da amavdroulad

TavadaznaurTa socialuri fenis warmoCenas emsaxureba. Aaq naTlad

vlindeba mxatvris nostalgia, rogorc zogadad warsulis, ise am

gardasuli klasis warmomadgenelTa mimarT, rac tipaJisa da Temis

Taviseburi gaidealizebiTac gamoixateba. niSandoblivia, rom suraTis

emociur-ferweruli agebis gadamwyveti faqtoria Suq-Crdili da ganaTeba,

romelic formis moculobiT-plastikuri daxasiaTebis garda

kompoziciis sivrcul struqturas ganapirobebs. ganaTebis ramdenime zona

kompoziciaSi figurebs garemomcveli sivrcidan gamoyofs, amasTan erTad

sivrciTi fonis Tbili yavisferi feris tonaluri gradaciis wyalobiT

namuSevarSiH harmoniuli ferweruli mTlianoba iqmneba. Sesrulebis

erTgvari naturalisturi maneriT, gamosaxuli scenis fotografiuli

xasiaTiT, realuri modelebis romantizebuli warmoCeniT mxatvari

TiTqos erTmaneTTan akavSirebs warsulsa da awmyos, warmarTavs

Tavisebur uwyvet dialogs warmodgenil mxatvrul saxeebsa da

mayurebels Soris.

T. xuciSvilis iseT nawarmoebebSi, rogorebicaa: “azieli”, “astamuri”,

“elene. aRmosavluri sizmari” da sxv. Janruli scenis mxatvruli

interpretacia erTgvari orientalizmiT STagonebul iersaxes iZens.

aRsaniSnavia, rom am kompoziciebSi gaZlierebulia dekoratiuli

safuZveli da naturuli aRqma TiTqos meore planze inacvlebs. figura,

silueti, moZraoba gaazrebulia maxvilad, groteskulad. kompoziciis

dekoratiuli erTianobisa da dinamikuri xasiaTis SeqmnaSi didi

mniSvneloba eniWeba feradovan laqebs, pastozur monasmebs, rac figuris,

sagnis, ferweruli zedapiris erTgvar Tanasworobas amkvidrebs.

koloritis, ganaTebis gansakuTrebuli roli mxatvruli saxis

daxasiaTebaSi kargad Cans suraTSi “azieli”(m/z. 36X26. 1972). eqspresiuli

pastozuri monasmebiT Sesrulebuli moyavisfro tonalur-sivrculi

fonidan mZlavri SuqiT gamokveTilia fexze mdgomi mamakacis figura,

romlis damaxasiaTebeli Cacmuloba – wiTeli Wvintiani waRebi, farTo

moyavisfro-mowiTalo xalaTi Tu mrgvali moTeTro-mowiTalo qudi

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naTlad mianiSnebs mis aRmosavlur warmomavlobaze. aRsaniSnavia, rom

personaJi rTuli rakursiT xasiaTdeba _ fexebi da tani mocemulia

profilSi, saxe ki anfasSia gamosaxuli. figura TiTqos qvemodan zemoT

ikiTxeba, rasac axlos motanili kadri da poza gansazRvravs; amgvar

niuansebs kompoziciaSi garkveuli dinamikuri impulsi Semoaqvs, Tumca

miuxedavad yovelive amisa, aq modelis garegnuli statika aris

aqcentirebuli. namuSevarSi yuradReba gadatanilia tipaJis

ganwyobilebis gadmocemaze. dinamikuri pastozuri monasmebi, efeqturi

ganaTeba, kontrastuli Suq-Crdilebi gmiris Sinagan samyaroSi

CaRrmavebis Taviseburi xerxia. sinaTlis moZravi blikebi saxesa Tu

samosze, warbebis qvevidan momarTuli daxrili mzera amJRavnebs

personaJis melanqoliur bunebas da xazs usvams misi pirovnuli

Tvisebebis warmoCenas. koloritisa da ganaTebis mWidro

urTierTkavSiriT, ferisa da sinaTlis sinTeziT mxatvari adamians

garkveul sulier mdgomareobaSi gadmoscems.

msgavsi mxatvrul stilisturi amocanebi iCens Tavs namuSevarSi

“astamuri” (t/z 24X19, 1998). es aris kameruli Janruli suraTi, sadac

yuradReba tipaJur gamomsaxvelobazea gamaxvilebuli. erTfiguriani

kompoziciis centrSi gamosaxulia moxucis 3/4-iT mocemuli mjdomare

figura, romlis amayi, koncentrirebuli mzera mayureblisaken aris

mimarTuli. ganaTebas, Suq-Crdils am namuSevris mxatvrul-saxeobriv

sistemaSic wamyvani roli akisria. rbili ganaTebiT aqcentirebuli wina

plani, moxucis Sinagani RirsebiT gamsWvaluli saxe da mis ferxTiT

dawyobili Tixis WurWeli, mis ukan kedelze dacemuli mkveTri Crdilis

lokaluri laqebi namuSevars saocar sicxoveles, dinamizms aniWebs.

faqizi tonaluri gadasvlebiT Sesrulebuli moyavisfro-moruxo

neitraluri foni Savi samosiT mosil personaJTan ferisa da formis

zedmiwevniT efeqtur kontrasts qmnis, rac amavdroulad sivrcis

gansakuTrebul SegrZnebas iZleva da mxatvruli saxis mniSvnelovanebas

usvams xazs. gmiris Tavisebureba gaxsnilia misTvis damaxasiaTebeli

niSnebis gamovleniT konkretuli drois zRvarze, konkretuli

saxismetyvelebiT, CacmulobiT, anturaJiT; siuJetur-saxeobrivi Txrobis

lakonizmi, interesi sinaTlisadmi, faqturis erTgvari “gaxsniloba” da

100

Tavisufali xasiaTi, modelis swrafi daxasiaTeba erTi amosunTqviT

Sesrulebuli suraTis STabeWdilebas tovebs da mas Tavisebur

romantizebul elfers sZens. tradiciuli tipis Janruli suraTisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli calkeuli epizodis gamosaxvis an detalizebuli

Txrobis nacvlad T. xuciSvili namuSevarSi mxatvruli saxis mTlian

xasiaTs qmnis.

kompoziciuri agebis erTgvari plastikur-ritmuli gadawyveta

ikveTeba namuSevarSi “elene. aRmosavluri sizmari” (t/z 27X22. 1999),

romelic dinamikuri formebisa da feris gamomsaxvelobiTi Tvisebebis

maqsimaluri gamovleniT xasiaTdeba. am kameruli xasiaTis Janrul

suraTSi tilos formatis mTeli vertikali qalis gamosaxulebas ukavia.

xedvis wertili aq SerCeulia ise, rom namuSevris centrSi mocemuli

mjdomare figura qvemodan zemoT ikiTxeba. am STabeWdilebas aZlierebs

misi daxrili Tvalebi da qvemoT mimarTuli mzera, rac personaJs

Tavisebur idumalebas aniWebs. zedmiwevniT metyvelia portretirebulis

rTuli rakursi, romelsac erTgvari zigzagiseburi ritmi axasiaTebs _

modelis marcxniv mobrunebuli qveda tani da marjvniv gadaxrili Tavi

3/4-iT aris mocemuli, mkerdi da weli ki TiTqos anfasSi ikiTxeba.

personaJis graciozul pozas dinamikurobas matebs zeaweuli xelebi,

natifi TiTebiT igi Tavsamkauls ikeTebs. modelis gardamavali, narnari

moZraoba, eleganturi Cacmuloba Tu daxvewili aqsesuari (margalitis

sayure, oqros samajuri) mas erTgvar idealizebul iersaxes aniWebs.

namuSevris koloristul dominants yavisferi warmoadgens, romlis

ufaqizesi tonaluri gadasvlebi daxvewil, mdidar ferwerul gamas qmnis.

Ria moyavisfro-moyviTalo ferebSia Sesrulebuli qalis kaba. muqi

yavisferi monasmebiT iqmneba misi Tavsaburavi Tu welze Sekruli

korseti, romelic moxdenili figuris mrgval formebs gamokveTs. farTo,

Tavisufali moTeTro monasmebiT aris dawerili gulsmibneuli bafTa,

rac didi zomis yvavilis imitacias qmnis; igive moyavisfro-moTeTro

tonalur registrSi gadmocemuli kabaze datanili sqeli laqebi

Taviseburad acocxlebs suraTis zedapirs da ametyvelebs formas. qalis

sxeulis nawilobrivi siSiSvle _ saxe, mkerdi, xelebi, Sesrulebulia

movardisfro-moTeTro Txeli monasmebiT, rac adamianis kanis bunebriv

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tonebs gadmoscems. kompoziciis qveda nawilSi spontanurad ganlagebuli

minis burTebi realisturi sicxadiT amJRavneben TavianT gamWvirvale

faqturas, am Tavisebur butaforiul motivs suraTSi erTgvari

Teatralurobis elementi Semoaqvs, rac garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, isedac

axasiaTebs aRniSnul scenas. namuSevari sxvadasxva intensiurobis

moyavisfro fonzea warmodgenili. figura marcxnidan mkveTri SuqiT

aris ganaTebuli, rac mkafiod gamokveTs plastikurad modelirebul

formebs, akonkretebs detalebs, gamoyofs sagnebs da gamosaxulebas

gansakuTrebul cxovelxatulobas aniWebs. kompoziciis marjvena mxares

dadebuli muqi yavisferi lokaluri laqebi Rrma Crdilebs qmnian, rac

arRvevs fonismieri garemos Tavisebur neitralurobas da suraTSi

sivrcobriobis gancda Semoaqvs.

niSandoblivia, rom msgavs kompoziciebSi, sadac cekvis scenebia

gamosaxuli, avtori realobisa da fantastikis Tavisebur Sexamebas

mimarTavs. maTSi Tavs iCens erTgvari Teatraluri mizanscenis Tu

scenografiuli sivrcisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mxatvruli principebi.

aseTia: “aRmosavleli mocekvave”(t/z. 50X60. 1978), “mocekvave minis

burTiT”(t/z. 45X40. 1998) da sxv. Yyovelive es badebs garkveul

asociaciebs l. gudiaSvilis da al. baJbeuq-meliqovis Tematur

kompoziciebTan. Aam mxatvrebis mier Seqmnili warmosaxviTi samyaro,

romelic dasaxlebulia sxvadasxvagvari fantastikuri personaJebiT,

mocekvaveebiT, klounesebiT, akrobatebiT da a. S. yovelgvari realuri

garemos, konkretuli droisa da sivrcis miRma arsebobs. T.

xuciSvilisaTvis ucxoa amgvari “gamomgonebloba”. marTalia, masTan

moqmedebis areali an gmiri Teatralizebul planSia warmodgenili,

gamosaxuleba mainc savsebiT dakonkretebul, realistur sivrceSi

aRiqmeba.

Tamaz xuciSvilis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawarmoebia “aTas

cxraas ocdaerTi weli” (t/z 130X120, 1984), romelic istoriul Temazea

Sesrulebuli da wiTeli armiis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis saerTo

suraTs asaxavs. igi avlens avtoris SemoqmedebiT miswrafebebs, im

tendenciebs, romlebic mxatvris siuJeturi kompoziciebis Taviseburebebs

gansazRvravs. aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad Tamaturi motivisa, siuJetis

102

kompoziciuri gadawyveta ar xasiaTdeba konkretuli istoriuli

movlenis CvenebiT, tradiciuli qarTuli istoriuli suraTis heroizmiTa

da amaRlebulobiT. Sinaarsis gadmocemis xasiaTi, scenis kameruli

gaazreba, personaJTa mcirericxovani jgufis aqcentireba, yofiTi

detalebis wina planze wamoweva gansazRvravs suraTis Janrul

interpretacias. niSandoblivia, rom suraTSi sivrce dominirebs,

mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba peizaJs, romelic siRrmeSia ganviTarebuli.

mis fonze mkafiod gamoiyofa kompoziciis wina plani _ suraTis

marcxena mxares gamosaxuli samfiguriani jgufi. esaa qarTuli

inteligenciis erTgvari krebiTi, simboluri saxe. Tanadroul qarTul

da evropul samosSi gamowyobili darbaiseli adamianebi iZulebulni

arian datovon samSoblo. avtoris damokidebuleba personaJebis mimarT

aqtiuria, rac realizebulia mxatvrul saxeebSi, scenis detalebSi,

sagnebis gadmocemaSi. kompoziciis dinamikur ritms qmnis figuraTa

pozebi, maTi sivrceSi ganTavseba, suraTis siRrmisaken mimavali

mrudxazovani gza, romelzec iaraRasxmuli jariskacebi miabijeben.

mxatvari iswrafvis realuri viTarebis SegrZnebis Seqmnisaken, romelic

konkretul drosa da sivrceSi arsebobs da amavdroulad ganapirobebs

mis Tanaziarobas zogadTan. namuSevris Sinaarsobrivi da kompoziciuri

detalebis aqcentirebas emsaxureba ganaTeba. Camavali mzis mowiTalo

Suqi mkveTrad anaTebs Rrublebs, mTebs, xeebs, saxls da ganapirobebs

kompoziciis emociur JReradobas. erTgvari xelovnuri Suqi efineba gzas,

suraTis marjvena kuTxeSi gamosaxul qvis monoliTuri moajiris

fragments da masze dadebul qvis larnaks, romelSic movardisfro-

moTeTro yvavilebia. es efeqturi, Teatraluri mxatvrobisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli ganaTeba mTavarisa da meorexarisxovanis aqcentirebis

mizanmimarTuli xerxia. am principis Sesabamisad ganaTeba mkveTrad

gamoyofs nawarmoebis mTavar personaJebs, romlebic mxatvruli saxeebis

konkretulobiT, individualuri daxasiaTebiT gamoirCevian. ganaTeba

xels uwobs mxatvruli saxeebis emociurobis gamovlenas. amave dros

saxeTa damaxasiaTebeli portretulobis miRma aqac garkveuli

socialuri fenis ganzogadebuli istoriuli tipaJebi ikiTxeba.

nawarmoebis daxvewili, Tbili feradovani gama, romelic upiratesad

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moyavisfro-moyviTalo, movardisfro-movercxlisfro tonebzea agebuli,

zrdis mxatvrul saxeTa emociurobasa da aRqmis uSualobas. aq

plastikurad modelirebuli ferweruli forma ufro detalizebulia,

didi yuradReba eniWeba masalis faqturulobas. yovelive es ki

mxatvruli formis is komponentebia, romlebic T. xuciSvilis saxeTa

mxatvruli wyobis individualizms gansazRvraven.

amrigad, aRniSnuli nawarmoebebis mxatvruli analizis safuZvelze

ikveTeba, rom Janris forma, romelic realobis yofiTi elementebis

gadmocemas gulisxmobs, T. xuciSvilTan iZens rogorc xazgasmulad

viwro xasiaTs, aseve ufro ganzogadebul mxatvrul interpretacias.

zogierT SemTxvevaSi (“mrecxavi”, “astamuri”, “elene. aRmosavluri

sizmari”) Janrul scenebs suraTis saerTo kompoziciuri gadawyvetis

lakonizmi, Sinaarsis ganzogadeba da mTavarze aqcentis dasma gamoarCevs.

ramdenadme gansxvavebulia Janris interpretacia iseT namuSevrebSi,

rogorebicaa: “duqani”, “lxini”, “aTas cxraas ocdaerTi weli”, sadac

calkeuli epizodis gamosaxvisa Tu ambis detalizebuli Txrobis

tendencia vlindeba. Tamaz xuciSvilis mxatvruli meTodi efuZneba

akademiur-realisturi weris maneras. sivrcisa da formis plastikuri

Zerwvis ZiriTad saSualebas ferTa faqizi tonaluri gadasvlebi,

ostaturi Suq-Crdilovani modelireba, sagnobriv-moculobiTi

gamomsaxveloba gansazRvravs. feri T. xuciSvilis ZiriTadi

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebaa. igi misTvis ara mxolod formaTqmnadobis

umTavresi komponenti, aramed kompoziciuri mTlianobisa da emociuri

metyvelebis umniSvnelovanesi maxasiaTebelia. Mmxatvris kompoziciebi

gawonasworebuli struqturiT, Sinagani wesrigiT xasiaTdebian, rac

namuSevrebis mxatvrul mTlianobas gansazRvravs. ferwerul-

koloristul da kompoziciur sawyisebTan erTad avtoris saxviTi enis

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria ganaTeba, romelic mkafiod gamokveTs

arsebiTs_axasiaTebs mxatvrul saxes, akonkretebs sagnebs, detalebs, igi

garkveulwilad Teatraluri mxatvrobis specifikas efuZneba.

movlenebis amgvari gaazreba Tavad avtoris individualuri gancdiT aris

ganpirobebuli, rac mas Taviseburi xedvisa da originaluri xelweris

mqone Semoqmedad warmoaCens.

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Tavi IV. gogi CageliSvilis Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi.

Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

warmomadgenlis gogi CageliSvilis Semoqmedeba SesaZloa saWiroebdes

msjelobas ara mxolod tradiciuli xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi analizis

TvalsazrisiT, aramed garkveuli mxatvrul-esTetikuri kategoriebiTac,

rac avtoris msoflaRqmiT, mxatvruli maneriT, SemoqmedebiTi meTodis

specifikiT aris ganpirobebuli. Mmis SemoqmedebaSiN naTlad ikveTeba

mxatvrul-saxeobriv azrovnebaSi mimdinare is saerTo cvlilebebi,

romlebic 1970-80-iani wlebis mijnaze qarTul ferweraSi axali,

mniSvnelovani etapis dawyebas moaswavebda. am droisaTvis xelovnebaSi

sayovelTaod miRebuli Sexedulebebisa Tu azrebis gadafasebis periodi

iwyeba, ramac gansazRvra mxatvruli Ziebebis xasiaTi da xelovnebis

tradiciuli Janrebisadmi axleburi midgoma ganapiroba.

1964_71 wlebSi g. CageliSvili Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis

studentia. is jer dekoratiul-gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis fakultetze

swavlobs, mesame kursidan ki ferweris fakultetze gadadis da

gamoCenili mxatvris uCa jafariZis saxelosnoSi agrZelebs profesiul

daostatebas. damoukidebeli SemoqmedebiTi gzis dasawyisSive gamovlinda

mxatvris originaluri xelwera. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi imTaviTve uars

ambobs akademiur principebze da axali gziT, “dinebis sawinaaRmdegod”

iwyebs svlas.

g. CageliSvilis Semoqmedeba erTdroulad atarebs qarTuli

mxatvrobisaTvis damaxasiaTebel ZiriTad niSnebs da amavdroulad

dasavluri xelovnebis mravalferovan da mdidar gamocdilebasac

iziarebs. monumenturoba, ganzogadeba, daxvewili feradovneba, ferisa da

xazis Tanaarseboba, dekoratiuloba, xatovaneba is ZiriTadi stilisturi

niSnebia, rac zogadad axasiaTebs rogorc Zvel, ise axal qarTul

mxatvrobas. es niSnebi sxvadasxva etapze sxvadasxva intensiurobiT

ikveTeba g. CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSic, rac mis xelovnebas erovnuli

kulturis arealSi aqcevs. es vlindeba ara mxolod wminda stilisturi

sawyisebiT, aramed im Sinagani SemoqmedebiTi impulsebis TvalsazrisiTac,

riTac sazrdoobs mxatvari: intuiciuroba, spontanuroba,

improvizaciuloba da a.S. yovelive amasTan erTad g. CageliSvilis

105

Semoqmedebis gaazreba SeuZlebelia zogaddasavluri konteqstis

gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. mxatvari aqtiurad aris CarTuli Tanamedrove

xelovnebis ganviTarebis erTian procesSi, rasac adasturebs misi

araerTi warmatebuli saerTaSoriso gamofena aSS-dan axal zelandiamde.

man organulad aiTvisa da SemoqmedebiTad gadaamuSava XX s-is pirveli

aTwleulebis evropuli avangardis niSnebi: pirobiToba, sibrtyobrioba,

formis erTgvari gamartiveba, deformaciebi, abstrahireba da sxv. , rac

adgilobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebasac gulisxmobs da avtoris

TviTmyofad xelweras aCvenebs.

periodizaciis TvalsazrisiT g. CageliSvilis Semoqmedeba pirobiTad

or etapad SeiZleba daiyos. Tavad mxatvris mixedviT misi SemoqmedebiTi

cxovreba or fazas moicavs _ esaa “perestroikamdeli” da misi Semdgomi

periodi. xelovnebaTmcodne q. konwuraSvili ki akonkretebs _

stambolamde da Semdgomi. niSandoblivia, rom 1985 wels g. CageliSvils

neba darTes wasuliyo kapitalistur qveyanaSi turistuli mogzaurobiT.

is pirvelad gascda e.w. “komunisturi banakis” sazRvrebs. bosforis

srutem, aia-sofiam, cisferma meCeTma, saerTod stambolma – kontrastebiT

aRsavse am didebulma qalaqma, romelic aziisa da evropis

damakavSirebel xids warmoadgens, mxatvarze waruSleli STabeWdileba

datova da misi moRvaweoba am adgilTan mWidrod daakavSira.

ukve adreul namuSevrebSi naTlad gamovlinda g. CageliSvilis

SemoqmedebisaTvis saxasiaTo ZiriTadi niSnebi, romlebic wlebis

ganmavlobaSi faqtiurad ucvleli rCeba. mis namuSevrebSi TiTqmis ar

gvxvdeba mravalfiguriani kompoziciebi, isini yovelTvis lakoniuria, ar

aris gadatvirTuli detalebiT, Tumca sasuraTe sibrtye xSirad

maqsimalurad aris Sevsebuli. gamosaxulebebi gamartivebulia, garemo

pirobiTi (iqneba es portreti Tu peizaJi). sivrce mis suraTebSi

ganzogadebulia da moklebulia konkretikas. pirobiTi garemo

Taviseburad emsaxureba suraTis Sinaarsis aqcentirebas. namuSevrebSi

formebi imdenad abstrahirebuli da ganzogadebulia, rom TiTqos

materialurad xelSesaxebni aRar arian. avtoris ferweruli gama

TavSekavebulia, Tumca igi mdidaria feradovani niuansebiT, daxvewili

tonaluri gradaciebiT Tu faqturuli efeqtebiT. mxatvari cdilobs

106

feris saSualebiT miaRwios maqsimalur mxatvrul gamomsaxvelobas. erT

suraTSi xSirad Tanaarsebobs sibrtyobrioba da sivrcobrioba.

1970-iani wlebi mxatvris SemoqmedebiTi meTodisa da stilis

Camoyalibebis xanaa. mis SemoqmedebaSi Tavidanve warmodgenilia ori

ZiriTadi koncefcia – naturul-ferweruli da sibrtyobriv-dekoratiuli,

romlebic upiratesad harmoniulad Tanaarseboben rogorc erTsa da

imave dros, ise erTi da igive suraTis farglebSi. yovelive es naTlad

vlindeba g. CageliSvilis adreuli periodis erT-erT mniSvnelovan

namuSevarSi “yasbebi” (t/z. 172X130. 1969). kompozicia ganawilebulia

tilos sworkuTxa vertikalur formatze. scenis ageba eqvemdebareba

wriul moZraobas, romelic centris irgvliv personaJTa ganlagebiT

miiRweva. suraTis kompoziciur centrs warmoadgens cilindruli formis

magida, romelzec xorcis naWrebia dalagebuli. wina planze mocemulia

liTonis daWyletili qvabi, romelSic xorcis narCenebi yria. mis

gverdiT, marcxniv, aseve deformirebuli saTlia moTavsebuli.

kompoziciuri centris aqcentirebas emsaxureba yasbebis zeaweuli

xelebis Jestikulaciac, romlebsac isev da isev xorcis didi naWrebi

uWiravT. cilindruli magidis irgvliv suraTis wina da ukana plans

yasbebis figurebi iWers – magidis win, mis marjvniv da marcxniv TiTo

figuraa gamosaxuli, xolo mesame ukana planzea warmodgenili, iq sadac

kompoziciis fons mocisfro-moruxo kedeli da sakidebze Camocmuli

xorcis didi naWrebi qmnis. aRsaniSnavia, rom saerTo kompoziciuri

agebis erTgvari iluzorulobis Cvenebis miuxedavad, mxatvari mimarTavs

sivrcis da moculobiTi formebis gadmocemis pirobiT xerxebs. kerZod,

magida naCvenebia rogorc winidan, aseve zemodan. igive xerxiT aris

gamosaxuli wina planze mdebare qvabic, rac Taviseburad arRvevs

dasavluri xelovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel samganzomilebiani

realisturi sivrcis frontaluri aRqmis proncips. magidis xis faqturis

mqone moTeTro-monacrisfro zedapiri sisxlis laqebiT aris daferili,

misi wriuli forma xazs usvams sagnis moculobiTobis warmoCenas.

sapirispirod amisa magidis cilindruli korpusi Sesrulebulia moSavo-

moyavisfro lokaluri sibrtyobrivi laqiT, rac pirobiTad avlens

sagnis formas da masalis faqturas. magidis gadmocemis amgvari xerxi

107

xels uwyobs mTavarze yuradRebis gamaxvilebas, moculobiTi da

sibrtyobrivi formebis cvalebadobis, maTi urTierTmimarTebis Cvenebas.

mTlianobaSi es kompozicia aRiqmeba msxvili xediT qvemodan zemoT,

mxatvari cdilobs rac SeiZleba axlos moitanos am yofiTi siuJetis

mTeli eqspresia. kedeli mTlianad ketavs scenis siRrmes, xels uSlis

moqmedebis sivrceSi ganviTarebas, rac kidev ufro aZlierebs kadris

siaxlovis SegrZnebas.

saerTo kompoziciur struqturas eqvemdebareba personaJebic, figurebi

qvemodan zemoT ikiTxebian, maTi Jestikulaciac igive ritmis xazgasmas

emsaxureba. siuJetis gaazrebasa da personaJTa daxasiaTebaSi

mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs maTi Cacmuloba, aRWurviloba, scenis

anturaJi. sisxlis WuWyiani laqebiT mosvrili TeTri xalaTebi, CaCebi,

winsafrebi, didi danebi, najaxi da sxv. cxadad warmoaCens maTi yofis da

profesiis damaxasiaTebel mxareebs. isini am konkretuli samyaros

ganuyofeli nawili arian. samive personaJi mTeli arsebiT, saerTo

ganwyobiTac ki warmoadgens yasabis Tavisebur ganzogadebul tipaJs

(zogad saxes), romelSic naTlad aris warmoCenili saxasiaTo niSnebi:

savse, Caskvnili aRnagoba, RaJRaJa loyebi, Zlieri xelebi, romlebic

erTgvari utrirebuli saxiT aris gadmocemuli (gansakuTrebiT xelis

mtevnebi); maT saxeebSi situaciisadmi indiferentuli damokidebulebac

vlindeba, Taviseburi gulgriloba, romelic mxolod materialuri

uzrunvelyofis gancdiT aris ganpirobebuli. SeiZleba gagviCndes

SekiTxva, risi Cveneba surs mxatvars? Sromis procesis dafiqsirebis,

adamianis pirovnuli Tu profesiuli Rirsebebis warmoCenis da a.S. , Tu

piriqiT, SesaZloa es iyos avtoris erTgvari mcdeloba aCvenos 1960-70-

iani ww. sabWoTa yofis moCvenebiTi keTildReoba, da es aris namuSevari,

romelSic ismis xelovanis erTgvari protesti, romelSic igi cdilobs

dagvanaxos yovelgvar sulierebas moklebuli cxovrebis vulgaruli

mxareebi? mxatvris mogonebebSi vkiTxulobT, rom studentobis dros

Sesrulebuli am namuSevris gamofenis ufleba suraTebis erovnul

galereaSi mas ar misces. 1972 w. es suraTi gaigzavna moskovSi, magram

komisiis erT-erTma wevrma misi eqsponirebis neba ar darTo. motivi

Semdegi iyo: “Cvens qveyanas aqvs xorcis gansazRvruli raodenoba da

108

amdeni xorcis Cveneba sasurveli ar aris”. mowiTalo-sisxlisferi da

moTeTro-moyviTalo tonebiT gadmocemuli xorcis didi naWrebi

marTlac laiTmotivad gasdevs mTel am kompozicias – isini gamosaxulia

magidaze, centrSi, kuTxeebSi. yovelive es marTlac Selamazebis gareSe

warmoaCens rogorc Janruli scenis, ise am saqmiT dakavebuli adamianebis

yoveldRiur, yovelgvar romantikas moklebul yofas. am nawarmoebSi

marTlc ar Cans sabWoTa ideologiisaTvis niSandoblivi “adamianurobis”,

“keTilSobilebis”, “amaRlebulobis” socrealisturi paTosi. mxatvari

TiTqos kritikuli realizmisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli pirdapirobiT

gadmoscems ubralo adamianebis uRimRamo cxovrebas. amgvari realoba

winaaRmdegobaSi modioda maSindel ideologiasTan. aqedan gamomdinare

igi SeiZleba aRviqvaT, rogorc damwyebi xelovanis sakmaod gabeduli

poziciis dafiqsirebac.

Cvenis azriT, siuJetisa da personaJebis gaazrebis TvalsazrisiT,

interesmoklebuli ar unda iyos paralelis gavleba g. gabaSvilis

ferwerul tilosTan “yasabi” (1889), romelzec gamosaxuli personaJi,

savsebiT neitralur moyavisfro-moyviTalo fonze, ufro farTo

sivrcobriv garemoSia warmodgenili. misi tipaJi ganzogadebuli da

ramdenadme esTetizebulia. moxucis momRimari saxe, daxvewili samosi –

mowiTalo perangi, qurTuki, vercxlis qamari da fafaxi, moTeTro

galife Sarvali da waRebi personaJs axasiaTebs rogorc zogadad

moqalaqes da mxolod mis xelSi daWerili xorcis naWrebi iuwyeba mis

profesias. g. gabaSvilis namuSevarSi yasabis tipaJi erTgvar

winaaRmdegobaSia mis garegnul iersaxesTan. is SeiZleba iyos rogorc

moqalaqe, ise vaWari an Tundac Tavadi, magram ara yasabi. g.

CageliSvilTan Tavad personaJebi yovelgvari anturaJis gareSec ki

yasabis saxasiaTo saxeebs qmnian.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom “yasbebis” saerTo gadawyveta realisturi

ferweris gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebs emyareba, esaa sivrcis iluzoruli

gadmocema, romelic garkveuli pirobiTobiT aris aRbeWdili.

kompoziciuri ageba aseve pirobiTad scenis siRrmeSi ganSlis princips

efuZneba. nawarmoebis mxatvruli mTlianoba miRweulia personaJTa

ganTavsebiT da naxatis denadi, wriuli ritmiT. kerZod, moZraoba iwyeba

109

suraTis marcxena kuTxidan (yvelaze axlo sagnidan), miemarTeba qvemodan

zemoT da gadadis ukana planze warmodgenil figuraze. Semdeg igi

centralur RerZze aRwevs kulminacias, iq sadac yasabis zeaweuli xeli

da xorcis naWeria gamosaxuli da gadadis marjvena mxares mdgomi

figurisaken, miemarTeba qvemoT da ikvreba suraTis qveda centralur

nawilSi. amgvarad personaJebis es ritmuli wyoba da ganTavsebis

principi ganapirobebs figuraTa organul kavSirs da amTlianebs erTi

SexedviT erTmaneTTan moqmedebiT daukavSirebel adamianebs. formis

gadmocemis principic metnaklebad moculobiT xerxebs emyareba, magram

masSi pirobiTi elementebi ufro metia – esaa figurebis Suq-Crdilovani

damuSaveba, sagnebis gamovlena da a.S. , Tumca igi Sors dgas

tradiciuli akademiuri gamomsaxvelobisagan. namuSevris koloriti

upiratesad TavSekavebulia da agebulia didi zomis monacrisfro-

moTeTro, moyavisfro-mowiTalo sibrtyeebis ritmul monacvleobaze.

TiToeuli forma, sagani muSavdeba lokaluri laqebiT, romelic ar

scdeba realuris sazRvrebs. suraTi xasiaTdeba mravalSriani,

metnaklebad mkvrivi, “xorkliani” weris maneriT. tilos zedapiris xisti

faqturiT, ferTa kontrastiT, konturuli naxatiT, formaTa erTgvari

utrirebiT, saxeebis garkveuli deformaciebiT iqmneba namuSevris saerTo

eqspresiuli ganwyoba, metyveli gamomsaxveloba, rac badebs garkveul

asociaciebs parizuli skolis cnobili warmomadgenlis xaim sutinis

identur motivebze Seqmnil nawarmoebebTan, romlebSic gatyavebuli

cxovelebi, xorcis naWrebi, mefunTuSeebi Tu mebufeteebi arian

gamosaxulni.

pirobiTobisaken swrafva, sibrtyobriv-dekoratiuli sawyisebis

momZlavreba TvalnaTliv mJRavndeba g. CageliSvilis iseT adreul

suraTebSi rogorebicaa: “gareubani” (t/z. 70X100. 1973), “qali taxtze” (t/z.

95X155.1978), “gurzufi” (t/z. 73X108.1981) da sxv. „yasbebisagan“ gansxvavebiT,

romelSic mouxeSavi, realisturi saxeebi dominireben, am namuSevrebSi

saxe-xati TandaTan icvleba. axali mxatvruli xerxebis Ziebis gziT

avtori Tanmimdevrulad midis gamartivebisaken, dekoratiulobisaken,

sibrtyovanebisaken da yovelive aqedan gamomdinare msubuqi lirikul-

xatovani ganzogadebisaken. „gareubanSi“ mxatvari warmogvidgens qalaqis

110

xeds Zveli orsarTuliani saxlebiTa da Tbilisuri aivniT. igi

kompozicias paralelur planebad agebs. wina planze mocemulia

gaWimuli gza, romlis horizontalur mimarTulebas marcxnidan marjvniv

xazs usvams sapalniani saxedris da adamianebis (bavSvisa da qalis)

pirobiTi gamosaxulebebi. kompoziciis ukana plans Seadgens aseve

martivi pirobiTi formebiT gadmocemuli saxlebis sworkuTxa siluetebi.

am or sivrcul plans Soris ramdenadme Sualedur adgils iWers

suraTis marcxena kuTxeSi gamosaxuli aivani. formis gamartiveba,

gadmocemis pirobiTi xasiaTi Tu „ferweruli gaazreba“ TiTqos Slis

mkveTr zRvars kompoziciis iluzorul sivrceSi, radgan aq gamosaxuli

sagnebi moklebulia materialur simkvrives, moculobiTobas, realistur

damajereblobas. magaliTad, quCa, romelic gadmocemulia moTeTro-

mocisfro-moruxo tonebiT, tiloze Txlad datanili ferTa laqebiT

erTgvari simsubuqis, „gamWvirvalebis“ STabeWdilebas qmnis da pirobiTad

gamoxatavs mis materialur arss. amgvari formaTSegrZnebiT xasiaTdeba

mTeli kompozicia. saxlebi gadmocemulia martivi „primitiuli“ naxatiT,

xaziT, romelic sxvadasxva siZlieriTaa datanili formis materialuri

sazRvrebis mosaniSnad. mxatvari cdilobs TiToeuli forma

minimalisturi xerxebiT gadmosces. materialuri sagnebi, saxlis

kedlebi, saxuravi, aivani gadmocemulia pirobiTad, erTiani tonaluri

feradovani gadawyvetiT. formis gadmocemis avtoriseuli xelwera Cans

adamianebisa da saxedris gamosaxvaSic, figuraTa siluetebi yovelgvari

moculobiTi gaazrebis gareSea. mTeli es suraTi gamTlianebulia

saerTo feradovani gadawyvetiT, romelic efuZneba monacrisfro-

moTeTro-mocisfro, moyavisfro-moruxo msubuqi laqebis tonalur

monacvleobas. mxatvrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ferweruli manera

pirobiTi sivrcis, harmoniulobis SegrZnebas uwyobs xels. kerZod, ferTa

Txeli laqebi TiTqos intuiciurad, mkveTri kontrastebisa da

konfliqtebis gareSe lagdebian sasuraTo sibrtyeze, aseve intuiciurad

gadadian erTmaneTSi da suraTis erTian tonalur, harmoniul kolorits

qmnian. tonaluri mTlianobiT, iluzorulobis efeqtis erTgvari

uaryofiT, formaTa gamartivebiT mxatvari simsubuqisa da harmoniulobis

damkvidrebas aRwevs. kompozicia xasiaTdeba met-naklebi statikurobiT,

111

rasac upiratesad saxlebis geometriuli siluetebi ganapirobebs, magram

formaTa moZraobis mimarTuleba da laqebis dinamika erTgvarad

acocxlebs am statikur sivrcul garemos da xazs usvams saerTo

kompoziciuri struqturis aRqmas marcxnidan marjvniv. suraTis

ferweruli gaazreba da formaTqmnadoba aCvenebs mxatvris swrafvas

Seqmnas erTiani, TiTqosda usasrulo, „dematerializebuli“ samyaro,

romelic moklebulia materialur wonadobas, magram amavdroulad

sawyiss swored realobidan iRebs. TavSekavebuli, sada, erTian tonalur

gamas dafuZnebuli koloriti qarTuli ferweris erT-erT umTavres

niSan-Tvisebad SeiZleba miviCnioT.

am kompoziciaSi ukve Cans is ZiriTadi niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebic

damaxasiaTebeli iqneba g. CageliSvilis Semdgomi periodis

namuSevrebisaTvis. esaa: kompoziciuri struqturis erTgvari statikuroba

da ferweruli fenis dinamika, swrafva formaTa gadmocemis gamartivebisa

da sibrtyovanebisaken, midrekileba pirobiTobisa da abstrahirebisaken,

da amavdroulad sivrcul-haerovani garemos damkvidrebisaken. am

kompoziciis erTgvari Zaldautanebeli sisadave mxatvris Sinagani

gulwrfelobidan momdinareobs. samyaros avtoriseuli aRqmis

instinqturoba, sadac adamiani srul harmoniaSia garemomcvel

sivrcesTan, am suraTSi mTeli sisavsiT vlindeba, rac g. CageliSvilis

mTeli Semdgomi SemoqmedebisaTvis iqneba damaxasiaTebeli.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, 1970-iani ww. dasawyisidan g. CageliSvilis

meTodologia da weris manera icvleba. sqeli, msuye ferweruli

teqsturis nacvlad mxatvari faqtiurad zedapiris Txeli feradovani

laqebiT damuSavebis meTods iyenebs. mastexiniT datanili ferweruli

fenebi gamWvirvale Sreebs qmnian da namuSevrebs erTgvari

“pastelurobis” SegrZnebas aniWeben. amave periodSi mis SemoqmedebaSi

vlindeba sagnobriv-materialuri sawyisebidan daSorebis mcdeloba, Tavs

iCens dekoratiulobis tendencia, rac mis suraTebSi sxvadasxva

mxatvruli saSualebebiT mkvidrdeba. dekoratiulobis sxvadasxva xarisxi

iwvevs garkveul asociaciebs XX s-is sxvadasxva mxatvrebis

SemoqmedebasTan, magram es impulsebi g. CageliSvilTan vlindeba

Tavisebur intuiciur doneze da ara romelime konkretuli mxatvruli

112

“izmis” damkvidrebis surviliT. 1970-80-iani ww-Si Seqmnili misi

namuSevrebi Taviseburad asocirdebian a. matisis da p. pikasos

suraTebTan. magaliTad, “qali taxtze” amJRavnebs msgavsebas matisis

cnobil interierebTan, romlebic aRsavsea simyudrovisa da yofiTi

konkretikis gancdiT. aq erTmaneTs erwymis Semdegi opoziciebi:

realisturoba da dekoratiuloba, pirobiToba da naturuloba,

moculobiToba da sibrtyobrioba. am namuSevarSi interieri pirobiTad

aris gadawyvetili. pirobiT fonze erTgvar realistur aqcents

warmoadgens taxti da qalis figura, romelic SedarebiT moculobiTad

aris warmodgenili. kompozicias matisTan aaxloebs sivrcis agebis

principic – iatakze dafenili uxvad ornamentirebuli dekoratiuli

xaliCa TiTqos siRrmisken warmarTavs mzeras, rac interieris

iluzoruli siRrmis SegrZnebas iZleva. amave dros kedeli, romelic

faqtiurad neitraluri laqiT aris gadmocemuli, ketavs sivrces, igi

kompoziciis saerTo struqturis dekoratiulobas da sibrtyobriobas

usvams xazs. xaliCis diagonaliT miniSnebuli sivrce interieris

iluzorulobis asociacias badebs, rac kidev ufro aqcentirdeba

taxtisa da qalis figuris moculobiTi gadmocemiT. interieris

detalebi, dekoratiuli xaliCa, ornamentuli taxti, qalis samosi,

kedelze Camokidebuli suraTi, sagnebis aRmniSvneli konturuli monaxazi

matisis namuSevrebis xasiaTs exmianeba. am suraTSi TiTqos matisiseuli

ganwyobilebac aris gadmocemuli _ frangi mxatvris sityvebiT rom

vTqvaT, misi SemoqmedebiTi mrwamsi naTeli, harmoniuli samyaros Seqmna

iyo, sadac araferi iqneboda damTrgunveli. g. CageliSvilTanac

adamianisa da interieris sruli harmoniaa da dasvenebis, simSvidis,

komfortulobis SegrZneba sufevs. miuxedavad yovelive amisa, ferweruli

JReradobis TvalsazrisiT aq koloriti bevrad ufro mSvidi da

TavSekavebulia. igi TiTqos “pastelur” tonebs efuZneba, moklebulia

matisisaTvis damaxasiaTebel kontrastulobas, lokalurobas,

intensiurobas. Zowisferi, Rvinisferi, moruxo-momwvano-mocisfro tonebi

qarTuli ferweris tradiciebs ukavSirdeba.

am periodis Ziebebi Tavs iCens 1980-iani wlebis dasawyisSi

Sesrulebul qalTa saxeebSi: “salome” (t/z. 80X50. 1983), “xevsuri qali”

113

(t/z. 100X50. 1984), “aWareli qali” (t/z. 100X50. 1984), « msaxiobi qali »

(t/z. 120X61. 1984) da sxv. , romlebSic kvlav intuiciis doneze, Cans

pikasos 1930-iani wlebis da omisSemdgomi periodis principebisa Tu

qmnilebebis anarekli. rogorc xelovnebaTmcodne g. xoStaria aRniSnavs,

pikasosTan pirobiT mxatvrul struqturasTan erTad realobis mZafri

gancda mJRavndeba. maTSi formaTa TamaSisa da deformaciis miuxedavad

qaluri sawyisi didi damajereblobiT gadmoicema; proporciebi, silueti,

xazisa Tu feris deformacia, formis transformireba mimarTulia

konkretuli saxviTi niSan-Tvisebebis gamosavlenad. qalTa

mravalricxovan saxeebSi g. CageliSvili kidev ufro metad cdilobs

gaeqces im iluzionistur efeqtebs, romlebsac adreul suraTebSi

mimarTavda. kompoziciis struqturaSi igi amkvidrebs sibrtyis dominants,

iyenebs mxatvruli formis geometrizebis elementebs, romlebic Sorsaa

kubisturi racionalizmisagan. aq kompoziciuri struqturis yvela

elementi sibrtyobriobisa da dekoratiulobis damkvidrebis upirobo

saSualebaa. magaliTad, namuSevarSi „salome“ personaJi gadmocemulia

pirobiT sivrcul garemoSi, pirobiTad gamosaxul savarZelze, romelic

faqtiurad laqobrivi sibrtyeebis monacvleobiT iqmneba. qalis tani,

saxe, xelebi, romelic miRebulia sxvadasxva geometriuli formebis

(samkuTxedi, marTkuTxedi, prizma da a.S.) ekleqturi SerwymiT, anfasSia

mocemuli. sxeulis qvedatani TiTqos profilSia mobrunebuli da

aRniSnulia didi zomis ornamentebiT Semkuli moyavisfro-moSavo

lokaluri laqiT. am kompoziciaSi sivrce ukve faqtiurad

nivelirebulia, ar aris aranairi miniSneba siRrmis gadmosacemad.

zogadad personaJi gaazrebulia erTgvari groteskuli saxiT, rasac

xels uwyobs misi formebis gansakuTrebuli utrireba – zedmiwevniT

maRali kiseri, deformirebuli Tavi da xelebi, minimalisturi xerxebiT

gadmocemuli saxis formebi (asimetriuli Tvalebi, patara wiTeli

tuCebi, cxviri saerTod ara aqvs). personaJis Taviseburi sikekluce Tu

garegnuli xibli xazgasmulia misi maneruli, sakmaod rTuli poziT.

amgvari midgomiT mxatvari cdilobs yovelgvari portretuli

daxasiaTebis gareSe gadmosces modelis buneba. suraTis koloriti,

ferTa naTeli gama efuZneba mooqrosfro-momwvano lokaluri laqebis

114

monacvleobas, rac gamosaxulebas garkveul pozitiur muxts aniWebs.

aqac, iseve rogorc wina namuSevrebSi, weris manera emyareba

araerTgvarovani intensiobis mqone, SedarebiT Txeli laqebis

monacvleobas, rac suraTis zedapiris erTgvar „gamWvirvalebas“ avlens;

saRebavis Txeli feradovani Sreebi sibrtyis aqcentirebas axdenen da

kompozicias garkveul simsubuqes aniWeben. yovelive es g. CageliSvilis

namuSevrebSi Taviseburi Camoyalibebuli mxatvruli xerxis funqcias

iZens.

emociuri TvalsazrisiT am seriidan ufro sainteresoa „msaxiobi

qali“, sadac sxva tipaJebisagan gansxvavebiT aqcenti dasmulia ara

imdenad pozebisa da Jestebis efeqturobaze, ramdenadac saxis

eqspresiaze. qalis farTod gaxelili Tvalebi mas TiTqos sevdian

personaJad warmoaCens, magram es eqspresiac aq upiratesad garegnul

efeqtzea agebuli da ar gamoxatavs adamianis Sinagan bunebas Tu mis

konfliqts garemomcvel samyarosTan.

niSandoblivia, rom kompoziciuri struqturis amgvari sibrtyobrivi

gaazreba, formis deformireba, pozebis erTgvari maneruloba, rac

personaJis xasiaTis gamovlenasac emsaxureba, laiTmotivad gasdevs g.

CageliSvilis qalTa saxeebis mTel galereas. „kinwora“, gamxdari qalebi,

dagrexili da zogjer damaxinjebuli nakvTebiT qmnian qalTa tipaJebis

groteskul, ganzogadebul saxeebs, romelTac infantilizmi da

„fsevdoamaRlebuloba“ gamoarCevs. rogorc d. andriaZe aRniSnavs „es

marionetuli gmirebi SeiZleba daxasiaTdes rogorc ironizebuli,

neomaneristikuli variaciebi. maT aranairi niSani ar gaaCniaT

sulierebis, magram maT gaaCniaT marginaluri galanturoba“. am seriis

TiTqmis yvela namuSevarSi mxatvari swored modelis garegnul,

zedapirul daxasiaTebas mimarTavs. igi ar cdilobs maT dakonkretebas,

Tumca axerxebs garkveuli ganwyobileba Tu xibli mianiWos maT.

mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT am seriaSi aSkarad cxaddeba mxatvris

SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebi, kerZod is cdilobs daSordes, moswydes

iluzorul, konkretul garemos, gaTavisufldes materialuri

sagnobriobisagan, (an rogorc k. maleviCi ityoda _ „gaTavisufldes

realuri samyaros mkvdari tvirTisagan“) da Tavis xelovnebaSi

115

ganzogadebuli, ganyenebuli, abstrahirebuli formebi Semoitanos. am

namuSevrebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli erTgvari moyviTalo-mooqrosfro

tonalobiT mxatvari TiTqos cdlobs mayurebels sicocxlis sixaruli

ganacdevinos. misi gamoyeneba, rogorc „miwierebis“ erTgvari niSnisa,

SeiZleba miviCnioT feris esTetizaciis sawyisad, rac ufro Zlier

gamovlinebas Semdgomi periodis nawarmoebebSi iCens Tavs.

feris esTetizaciis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa „gurzufis“ peizaJi,

sadac bunebis xibli gadmocemulia iasamnisferi, cisferi da

vardisferi tonebis faqizi urTierTSerwymiT. kompozicia aqac igeba

planebad _ wina planze mocemulia zRvis peizaJi, ukana planze ki

yirimis mTebi. maTi geometriulad danawevrebuli zedapiri erTgvar

mozaikur naxats qmnis. am geometriuli feradovani sibrtyeebis

ganTavsebis xasiaTi wminda dekoratiul princips emyareba. peizaJis

realuri elementebi (gemi, navmisadgomi da a.S.) aqac geometriuli

miniSnebebisa da siluetebis saxiT gadmoicema. kompoziciis sibrtyobriv-

dekoratiuli struqturis miuxedavad, namuSevarSi mainc Semodis

haerovani perspeqtivis erTgvari gancda. es ganpirobebulia ferTa

niuansebiT – zRvis molurjo-mocisfro SedarebiT intensiur laqas

exameba axlomdebare mTis momwvano-moiasamnisfro tonebi, romelic kidev

ufro Ria xdeba da bundovan saxes iZens ukana planze mdebare mTis

erTian formaSi. mxatvari diferencirebulad amuSavebs mTis masivebs _

pirveli danawevrebulia geometriulad da SedarebiT intensiurad JRers,

xolo ukana mTis masivi TiTqos sruliad erwymis cis movardisfro-

mocisfro tonalobas da mxolod silueturi xaziT gamoiyofa

pirvelisagan. mTebis damuSavebis amgvari principi garkveul

sivrcobriobas aniWebs peizaJs. mxatvari cdilobs erTiani, harmoniuli

mocisfro-moiasamnisfro tonebiT gaaerTianos suraTis mTeli zedapiri,

amiT Seqmnas sivrcis iluzia da amasTan erTad fers garkveuli

esTetikuri datvirTva mianiWos. yovelive amiT igi aRwevs suraTis

mxatvrul mTlianobas. sagulisxmoa, rom g. CageliSvilTan feri ara

imdenad emociis Semcveli, aramed ufro gancdismieria. igi ar aris Rrma,

intensiuri, ufro haerovnebisa Tu simsubuqis maniSnebel kategoriad

116

gvevlineba da amave dros Tavisi TvisebebiT dekoratiul sawyiss

gamoxatavs.

1980-iani wlebis meore naxevridan g. CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi

Zlierdeba abstraqtuli motivebi. metad iCens Tavs ganyenebulobisaken

swrafva. mxatvris abstraqtul kompoziciebSi ZiriTadad vlindeba

dekoratiuli sawyisi, feris esTetizacia, feriTi harmonia, romelSic

SigadaSig ikiTxeba realuri samyaros raRac pirobiTi niSnebi Tu niSan-

simboloebi. aseTia „Zveli kedeli“ (t/z. 140X340. 1988) da misi 1990-ian

wlebSi Sesrulebuli ramdenime usaTauro kompozicia.

1990-ian ww. g. CageliSvili intensiurad muSaobs seriaze "mitovebuli

quCa", romelic Tavisebur laiTmotivad gasdevs mxatvris gviani periodis

Semoqmedebas. ciklSi naTlad vlindeba avtoris nostalgia Tbilisis

Zveli ubnebis mimarT. am seriis TiToeul namuSevars aerTianebs

farRalala, dangrevis piras misuli, "daoblebuli" saxlebis motivi,

romelTa datexili siluetebi mayurebelSi ususurobisa da sevdis

gancdas iwveven. suraTebis Tematika da kompoziciuri struqtura

faqtiurad erTgvarovania, identuria maTi saTaurebic ("mitovebuli quCa"

t/z 54X60. 1998. "mitovebuli quCa" t/z 58X85,5. 1997); mxatvari irCevs

mitovebuli quCis garkveul monakveTs, romlis mTavar gamomsaxvelobiT

aqcents erTmaneTTan mijriT mdgomi Zveli nagebobebis siluetebi Tu

arqiteqturul-teqtonikuri elementebi qmnian. aRsaniSnavia, rom am

namuSevrebis gamomsaxvelobiTi ena gamosaxulebis met-naklebad

realistur gadmocemas emyareba, magram es ukacrieli peizaJebi

upiratesad abstraqciis zRvars uaxlovdebian, sasuraTo sibrtyis

zedapirze TiTqos uwesrigod mimofantuli detalebi (fanjrebi, karebi,

sakvamurebi) mxolod miniSnebis doneze aRZraven saxlebis asociacias. am

ciklis Semadgeneli namuSevrebis ZiriTad ganmasxvavebel niSans ama Tu

im suraTis koloristuli gadawyveta warmoadgens, romelic ZiriTadad

moruxo-momwvano, moTeTro-mocisfro, moyavisfro-mowiTalo tonalobiT

aris gadmocemuli.

"mitovebuli quCis" suraTebSi g. CageliSvilis SemoqmedebiTi meTodi

efuZneba kuTxovani, xisti, met-naklebad uxeSi naxatiT Sesrulebuli da

amavdroulad Txeli ferweruli fenebis faqizi tonaluri gadasvlebiT

117

damuSavebuli formebis gadmocemas, romelic nawilobriv usvams xazs

gamosaxulebis materialurobas. yovelive es qmnis mxatvrisaTvis

damaxasiaTebel sivrce-sibrtyis SegrZnebas, rac TiTqos siRrmis

garkveul gancdas badebs; am STabeWdilebas aZlierebs nagebobaTa

rakursebi Tu arqiteqturuli formebis xedvis sxvadasxva wertilidan

Cveneba. miuxedavad amisa, am kompoziciebSi faqtiurad ar ikiTxeba

erTiani iluzoruli sivrce. aq gadmocemulia siRrmis erTgvari

SegrZneba, romelic neitraluri sibrtyobrivi foniT aris Caketili, rac

suraTebis sibrtyobriv-dekoratiul xasiaTs ganapirobebs. sagnobrivi

faqturis garkveuli bundovaneba, materialuri sawyisebis Taviseburi

nivelireba warmodgenil peizaJebs erTgvari "zRaprulobis" elfers

sZens. mxatvrul-stilisturi Taviseburebebis avtoriseuli gamovlena

cxadyofs mis romantikul, nostalgiur damokidebulebas im samyaros

mimarT, romelic warmavalia da SesaZloa samudamod dakargulic.

amave periodSi mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi aqtiurad Semodis zRvis

Tematika, romelSic ganviTarebas hpovebs molurjo-mocisfro

gamaerTianebeli gama Sig CarTuli SedarebiT intensiuri Seferilobis

geometriuli laqebiT. mag. , 1993 wliT daTariRebul kompoziciaSi

„usaTauro“ (t/z. 98X198.) mocisfro-moTeTro pirobiTi sivrce

erTdroulad zRvisa da cis asociacias qmnis, xolo kompoziciis

centrSi dasmuli TeTri samkuTxedi ialqniani navis STabeWdilebas

tovebs. sxvadasxva feris (Savi, iisferi, yviTeli) geometriuli formebi

kvlav abstraqtul niSan-simboloebs warmoadgenen da ar qmnian raime

konkretuli sagnis asociacias. iseve, rogorc am tipis suraTebis

umravlesobaSi, aqac namuSevris ZiriTad efeqts qmnis feris da fonis

erTiani gamWvirvale tonaluri gama. msgavsi gadawyvetis mqone zogierT

namuSevarSi ufro konkretuli, realuri sagnebic ikiTxeba. mag. ,

kompoziciaSi „usaTauro“ (t/z. 96X200. 1993)molurjo-mocisfri fonze

bundovnad ikiTxeba horizontis xazi da zRvisa da cis pirobiTi

ferweruli sivrce erTmaneTSi gadadis. suraTis centrSi, ufro Ria

tonis horizontalur zolze miemarTeba TeTri gemi, romelic

kompoziciis marcxena mxares aris gamosaxuli. gemis anarekli, ecema

wylis zedapirs. horizontis xazs miRma, bundovan mocisfro ferwerul

118

sivrceSi mosCans TeTri wriuli laqa, romelic TiTqos mzesTan

asocirdeba. gemis mimarTuleba, zRvis zedapiris aRmniSvneli pirobiTi

zoli qmnis dinamikurobis Tavisebur SegrZnebas marcxnidan marjvniv.

zemoT ganxiluli kompoziciisagan gansxvavebiT, romelSic abstraqtuli

formebi statikur, raRac usasrulo, bundovan sivrceSia gansxeulebuli,

aq cxovrebis garkveuli ritmi SeigrZnoba. martivi geometriuli

formebiT aRiniSneba gemis silueti, misi detalebi (droSa, sakvamuri,

samaSvelo rgolebi da a.S.) SedarebiT intensiuri laqebiT gadmoicema,

rac acocxlebs am erTian ferwerul gamas, magram aqac, iseve rogorc am

tipis sxva namuSevrebSi mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis ZiriTad saSualebas

molurjo-mocisfro, gamWvirvale feradovani sivrce warmoadgens. Tavisi

simsubuqiT, faqizi tonaluri gadasvlebiT feri aq TiTqos TavisTavad

xdeba garkveuli sivrcis matarebeli. rogorc Cans g. CageliSvilTan esa

Tu is adgili ukavSirdeba mxatvris individualur feriT aRqmas. zRva da

zRvaze mdebare qalaqebi, maTi abstraqciis zRvarze myofi xedebi

gadmocemulia molurjo-mocisfro koloritiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

feri aq garkveul simbolur-asociaciur mniSvnelobas iZens.

zRvis „lurji seriis“ ganviTarebas warmoadgens stambolis peizaJebi.

namuSevarSi „stamboli da zRva“ (t/z. 98X145. 2000) mxatvari Taviseburad

amkvidrebs abstrahirebuli sivrcis konkretul gaazrebas da qmnis

qalaqis suraT-xats. ukve mignebul molurjo-mocisfro ferwerul

sivrceSi mxatvars Semoaqvs konkretuli adgilis aRmniSvneli elementebi

_ ori mTis silueti, bosforis srute, meCeTi, minareTebi, ferdobebze

Sefenili saxlebi da sxv. , romlebSic stambolis panorama sacnaurdeba.

am kompoziciaSi mxatvari TiTqos haerovani perspeqtivis principebs

mimarTavs da sivrculi planebis monacvleobasTan erTad aRiavebs

ZiriTad molurjo-mocisfro tons. suraTis wina planze gamosaxuli

garkveuli simkvrivis Semcveli feradovani sibrtyobrivi laqebi,

romlebic xmeleTs aRniSnaven, TiTqos iWrebian suraTis siRrmeSi da

masSi xalisiani aqcenti Semoaqvs.

stambolis Temis ramdenadme gansxvavebul interpretacias iZleva

mxatvari namuSevarSi „Ramis sizmari“. aq wina namuSevrisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli ferweruli sivrce icvleba, zRvisa da cis foni ufro

119

sibrtyobriv-dekoratiul JReradobas iZens. kompoziciis marcxena

mxridan centrisaken aris mimarTuli mTis masivi, romelzec erTmaneTTan

mijriT mdgomi Senobebia. maT aRmniSvnel sxvadasxva zomisa da formis

mqone laqebs ara aqvT mkafio sazRvrebi, isini TiTqos erTmaneTSi

gadaedinebian. mTis laqovani zedapiri daserilia sxvadasxva kuTxidan

naCvenebi geometriuli formebiT, rac gamosaxulebas garkveul

reliefurobas aniWebs. am namuSevarSic siRrmis STabeWdilebas qmnis

xmeleTis paraleluri planebi da saganTa sibrtyeze ganTavseba. yvelaze

axlos ikiTxeba kompoziciis marcxena mxares mocemuli xmeleTis nawili,

Semdeg mTis masivi Tavisi mWidro ganaSenianebiT da bolos ukana planze

fragmentulad mocemuli, TiTqos Ramis SuqiT gaCaxCaxebuli yure. am

SemTxvevaSi feris dekoratiuloba xazgasmulia fonis damuSavebis

principiT. kerZod, wina plani _ zRva dawerilia Tavisufali monasmebiT,

Tumca es ar aris dinamikuri, pastozuri, emociuri manera _ mxatvari

garkveuli zomierebis SegrZnebas aniWebs formas. zeca Sesrulebulia

ufro gluvi maneriT. kompoziciis koloriti agebulia Ramis ganaTebis

aRmniSvneli moyviTalo-moTeTro da intensiuri lurji tonebis

Sexamebaze, rac damajereblad gadmoscems Ramis qalaqis SegrZnebas da

gamoxatavs avtoris individualur damokidebulebas mis mimarT. amdenad,

wina peizaJebisagan gansxvavebiT am namuSevarSi foni kargavs „sivrce-

feris“ mniSvnelobas da iluzorulobis efeqts sibrtyeze sagnebisa da

paraleluri planebis ganTavseba qmnis. TandaTan Tavs iCens feris

dekoratiuli SesaZleblobebis metad gamovlenis tendencia da formis

abstrahireba.

am seriis erT-erT saprogramo nawarmoebad SeiZleba miviCnioT

„aziidan evropisken“ (t/z. 200X300. 2000), romelic am ciklis erTgvari

„gasaRebia“ da garkveul koncefcias Seicavs. kompozicia warmoadgens

triptiqs, romelic Sesdgeba sami vertikaluri panosagan. TiToeuli

maTgani gansxvavebuli feradovani gadawyvetiT xasiaTdeba: marcxena _

lurji, Sua _ molurjo-mocisfro, marjvena _ moTeTro-moruxo

tonebiTaa Sesrulebuli. samive sibrtye erTiandeba faqturuli,

sxvadasxva feriT damuSavebuli sibrtyobrivi zoliT, romelic eSveba

marjvena zeda kuTxidan texili zigzagiseburi ritmiT da Sua panos

120

qveda nawilSi erTgvar samkuTxa sibrtyes qmnis. Semdgom igi miemarTeba

marcxena panos Sua nawilisaken. es TiTqos Taviseburi abstraqtuli gzaa,

romelic usasrulod miemarTeba zemodan qvemoT, marjvnidan marcxniv,

aziidan evropisken. am mosazrebas amyarebs suraTis centrSi

diagonalurad gavlebuli xazi, romelic or wertils aerTebs da

Sesabamisi laTinuri asoebiT _ A (azia) da E (evropa) aris aRniSnuli.

niSandoblivia, rom marjvnidan marcxniv mimarTuli es dinamika

Seesatyviseba aRmosavlur kulturebSi, damwerlobebSi damkvidrebul

weris ritmsac. am asimetriuli zolis konfiguracia da damuSaveba

Seicavs molurjo-momwvano moyviTalo-monacrisfro tonebs, romlebsac

faqtiurad neitralur panoebSi cxovelxatulobis da moZraobis

Taviseburi elementi Semoaqvs, igi ferwerulad acocxlebs suraTis

pirobiT „sivrcul“ garemos. am triptiqonSi mxatvari TiTqos axdens ori

gansxvavebuli samyaros feriT daxasiaTebas. kerZod, moTeTro-moruxo

foni asocirdeba aziasTan, marcxena _ SedarebiT muqi lurji feri _

evropasTan, xolo kompoziciis Sua molurjo-mocisfro nawili ki im

Sualedur, gardamaval samyarosTan, romelic orive feris, ori samyaros

sawyisebs Seicavs. Tavisi koncefciiT Tu feradovani gadawyvetiT

nawarmoebis Sua pano asocirdeba stambolis TemasTan, radgan igi aziisa

da evropis gzagasayarze mdebare xidia. amgvari sada xerxebiT,

Taviseburi abstraqtul-dekoratiuli metyvelebiT mxatvari axerxebs

sakuTari ideis xatovan gadmocemas.

„stambolis“ suraTebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebSic molurjo-

mocisfro tonebi dominireben, „armazis“ ciklSi mxatvari momwvano-

movercxlisfro, moyviTalo-mooqrosfro ferTa daxvewil Sexamebas

mimarTavs. es garkveulwilad badebs mTiani peizaJis asociacias, Tumca

aRniSnuli sibrtyobriv-dekoratiuli kompoziciebi ar warmoadgenen am

JanrisaTvis damaxasiaTebel tipiur nimuSebs. gamosaxulebaTa erTgvari

bundovaneba, abstrahireba qmnis mxatvrisaTvis damaxasiaTebel ferwerul-

dekoratiul efeqts. iseve rogorc „stambolSi“ mxatvari sazogadod aqac

inarCunebs garkveul zRvars realobasa da abstraqcias Soris, oRond

gansxvavebiT zRvis peizaJebisagan, sadac sivrcis gadmocemis problemaa

gadaWrili, aq sivrce TiTqos nivelirebulia tiloze datanili

121

ferwerul-tonaluri feniT. „armazis“ ciklis kompoziciebi igeba axlos

motanili kadris principiT, romlebSic sivrce TiTqmis mTlianad

SezRudulia, igi ufro mZime da hermetulia, rac SesaZloa Tavad am

konkretuli landSaftis specifikiTac iyos ganpirobebuli. mwvanis

sxvadasxva tonebis, moyviTalo-moyavisfro ferTa aqtiuri monasmebi,

romlebic xan dinamikuri, xan ki TavSekavebulia, acxovelebs suraTis

zedapirs da iZleva cocxali mcenareuli safaris da qvaRorRiani

reliefuri landSaftis asociacias. aq ferweruli fena ufro metyveli,

pastozuri xdeba, rasac namuSevrebSi garkveuli simkvrive Semoaqvs. igi

Tavis TavSi iTavsebs dekoratiul specifikas da amavdroulad cocxal

impulsebs amJRavnebs, badebs Taviseburi pulsaciis SegrZnebas.

„armazis“ ciklis namuSevrebSi sasuraTo sibrtye mTlianad

Sevsebulia mTiani peizaJiT, umetes maTganSi cisTvis adgili ar rCeba.

iqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos suraTi usasrulod grZeldeba kadrs

gareT da gamosaxuleba konkretulisa da ganyenebulis zRvarze

balansirebs. yovelive es qarTuli peizaJis im tradiciis gagrZelebad

migvaCnia, rac ganumeorebel xibls aniWebs d. kakabaZis, j. xundaZis, g.

quTaTelaZis nawarmoebebs. vaxtang beriZe aRniSnavs, rom d. kakabaZesTan

wonasworobis, stabilurobis, naTeli teqtonikurobis STabeWdileba

miRweulia ZiriTadi masebisa da struqturuli xazebis saTanado

ganlagebiT, feradi sworkuTxedebisagan Sedgenili dekoratiuli xaliCis

planebad ganTavsebiT, ganaTebuli da daCrdiluli nawilebis

SepirispirebiT, rac TavisTavad iZleva siRrmisa da sivrcobriobis

efeqts. g. CageliSvilTan, gamomdinare avtoris sibrtyobriv-dekoratiuli

xedvis individualuri principebidan, Cven vxedavT yovelgvar siRrmes

moklebul gamosaxulebas, sadac sivrce faqtiurad erwymis suraTis

erTian ferwerul masas, romelic erTgvar „sivrce-sibrtyes“ qmnis.

kompoziciuri struqturisa da siRrmis amgvari Caketva, sagnobriv-

materialuri sawyisebis erTgvari „ugulebelyofa“ naTlad vlindeba

suraTSi „armazi“ (t/z. 200X100. 1998). g. CageliSvili iyenebs feris

intensiobis erTgvarovan JReradobas, rogorc suraTis wina, ise ukana

planze, riTac qmnis Tavisebur sxivosan garemos da sivrces TiTqos

vertikalurad aRmarTul sibrtyeSi aTavsebs. Tavisufali monasmebiT,

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dinamikuri laqebiT damuSavebuli faqturuli zedapiri aq mTis qanobisa

da mcenareuli safaris xatovan saxes iZleva.

„armazis“ seriis erT-erT namuSevarSi („armazi“ t/z/100X80, 1995), sadac

peizaJis mTeli sivrce kldovan landSafts upyria, zemoT gamokrTis cis

patara monakveTi. ca dawerilia Zalian Txeli feniT, odnav SesamCnevi

feradovani gadasvlebiT. lurji cis motivis SemotaniT namuSevari

TiTqos ufro konkretul saxes iZens, mTis peizaJi ufro mkafiod da

damajereblad ikveTeba. saerTo gadawyvetis principi aqac igivea, weris

sxvadasxva teqnika – zogjer gluvi, sxvadasxva sisqis feradovani fenis

Semcveli laqebi, zogjer ki sqlad, pastozurad datanili dinamikuri

monasmebi tilos zedapiris cxovelxatul gamomsaxvelobas qmnis da

landSaftis teqtonikurobis SegrZnebas iZleva. mTis masivi Tavisi

monumenturi siluetiT mkveTrad gamoikveTeba faqtiurad ferwerulad

daumuSavebel cis cisfer fonze, rac niadags reliefurobas aniWebs.

bunebis sidiadis, monoliTurobis Tavisebur SegrZnebas xels uwyobs

kompoziciis aRqmis xasiaTi, romelic qvemodan zemoT ikiTxeba.

tonaluri ferweris saintereso nimuSia didi zomis horizontaluri

kompozicia „armazi“ (t/z 200X400. 1998). aqac mxatvari momwvano-

monacrisfro tonebis gamoyenebiT qmnis mTis landSaftis ganzogadebul,

asociaciur xeds. mwvane horizontaluri qveda zoli garkveul simyares

aniWebs kompozicias da balaxeuli safaris STabeWdilebas iwvevs.

suraTis momwvano-movercxlisfro tonebiT damuSavebul zedapirze

garkveul feradovan aqcentebs qmnis sxvadasxva tonis mwvaniT,

vardisfriT, yavisfriT gadmocemuli buCqebi Tu moruxo-moTeTro

kldovani qanebi. marcxena kuTxeSi gamosaxulia daklaknili xe,

romelsac erTgvari konkretuli sawyisi Semoaqvs abstraqciis zRvarze

myof daxvewil peizaJSi. rogorc Cans, aq mxatvari cdilobs

gaTavisufldes iluzoruli saxviTobisagan, meti Tavisufleba da

damoukidebeli mniSvneloba mianiWos fers. tonaluri gadawyvetiT,

kadris axlos motaniT, gamosaxulebis bundovanebiT igi iswrafvis

Seqmnas ganzogadebuli, abstrahirebuli, asociaciuri peizaJi.

niSandoblivia, rom „armazis“ seriaSi formaTa garkveul simkvrives,

erTgvar reliefurobas Tu teqtonikurobas, Taviseburad erwymis erTiani

123

sivrcis nivelireba, saganTa bundovani gamomsaxveloba, sagnobriv-

materialuri sawyisebis faqtiuri ugulebelyofa. yovelive es,

ganapirobebs am seriis pirobiT, dekoratiul gaazrebas, rac amkvidrebs

mxolod g. CageliSvilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli abstraqtuli landSaftis

Tavisebur suraT-xats. avtori qmnis realisturisa da ganyenebulis

zRvarze myofi asociaciuri peizaJebis cikls, romelSic mxatvris

subieqturi damokidebuleba suraTis koloristuli gadawyvetiT, misi

dekoratiuli struqturiT aris gamoxatuli. amgvari asociaciuroba,

ganyenebuloba metnaklebi intensiurobiT vlindeba seriis sxvadasxva

kompoziciebSi. Tuki zogjer mxatvari minimalur doneze mainc inarCunebs

garkveul kavSirs peizaJis realistur elementebTan, sxva dros igi

cdilobs mTlianad gaeqces materialuri formebis „iluzorul“

elementebs. sainteresoa isic, rom avtori abstrahirebuli xedviT,

zogadi miniSnebebiT gadmoscems armazis, rogorc misTvis Zvirfasi

adgilis individualur gancdas (sadac misi qalaqgare saxelosno

mdebareobs) da gansakuTrebul damokidebulebas, rac armazis istoriul

warsuls ukavSirdeba.

„armazis“ ciklis kompoziciebis didi zomebi, erTgvari masStaburoba

SesaZloa ganpirobebuli iyos Tavad am panoebis dekoratiuli specifikiT

da funqciiT. am namuSevrebSi mxatvari TiTqos scildeba dasrulebuli

dazguri suraTis CarCoebs, cdilobs interierSi, kedelze gadaitanos

igi da gamosaxulebas usasrulobis SegrZneba mianiWos. „armazis“

peizaJebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli es Tavisebureba erTgvar ganviTarebas

hpovebs g. CageliSvilis dekoratiuli panoebis seriaSi „kedeli“,

romelic 2005 wliT TariRdeba. „armazisagan“ gansxvavebiT am seriaSi

mTlianad aris ugulebelyofili realuri sagnobrivi miniSnebebic ki. am

erTi zomisa (170X100) da formatis (vertikaluri) namuSevrebis

kompoziciuri struqtura efuZneba ferwerul-dekoratiul efeqts da

suraTis saerTo tonalur gadawyvetas. kerZod, calkeuli tiloebi

mTlianad gadawyvetilia romelime konkretul erTian gamaSi: moyviTalo-

mooqrosfro, molurjo-mocisfro, momwvano, mowiTalo, moiasamnisfro,

moyavisfro da a.S. , romlebSic ferTa faqizi niuansebi Tu sxvadasxva

sisqisa da formis ferweruli laqebi tilos zedapiris cxovelxatul

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gamomsaxvelobas qmnis; TavianTi teqsturiT panoebi TiTqos bunebrivi

qvis – marmarilos, granitis Tu dioritis Tavisebur imitacias qmnian. am

namuSevrebSi mxatvari ferTa daxvewil tonalur Sexamebas mimarTavs,

riTac feriTi ganwyobis damkvidrebas cdilobs. materialurad isini

arafers ar gamosaxaven, magram iZlevian garkveuli dinamikis gancdas;

koncefciis doneze avtori aq TiTqos mudmivad moZravi, mravalferovani,

usasrulo substanciis SegrZnebas amkvidrebs. „kedlis“ seriis panoebi

sibrtyobriv-dekoratiul xasiaTs atareben, romlebSic ZiriTadi aqcenti

feris fsiqo-emociur, ganwyobiT mxareebzea gamaxvilebuli. ciklis

TiToeul kompoziciaSi ikveTeba feris esTetizaciis problema. feri aq

gvevlineba rogorc TviTkmari esTetikuri kategoria, rogorc ferweris

umTavresi komponenti da gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualeba.

amrigad, g. CageliSvilis xelovnebis mxatvrul-stilisturi analizis

safuZvelze naTlad ikveTeba avtorisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli is ZiriTadi

niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebic mis TviTmyofad xelweras adasturebs.

mxatvris namuSevrebSi erTmaneTTan erTdroulad Tanaarsebobs

sibrtyobrivi da sivrcobrivi sawyisebi, rac wlebis ganmavlobaSi

faqtiurad ucvleli rCeba; maT axasiaTebT kompoziciuri struqturis

erTgvari statikuroba da ferweruli fenis dinamika, swrafva formaTa

gadmocemis gamartivebisa da ganzogadebisaken, midrekileba pirobiTobisa

da abstrahirebisaken da amavdroulad sivrcobriv-haerovani garemos

damkvidrebisaken.

TandaTan g. CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi vlindeba sagnobriv-

materialuri sawyisebidan daSorebis mcdeloba, Tavs iCens

dekoratiulobis tendencia, rac mis suraTebSi sxvadasxva mxatvruli

saSualebebiT vlindeba. pirobiTobisaken swrafviT, sibrtyobriv-

dekoratiuli sawyisebis momZlavrebiT avtori Tanmimdevrulad

amkvidrebs samyaros msubuq, lirikul, xatovan aRqmas. namuSevrebis

ferweruli gaazreba da formaTqmnadoba avlens mxatvris swrafvas

Seqmnas erTiani, TiTqosda usasrulo, „dematerializebuli“ samyaro,

romelic amavdroulad sawyiss realobidan iRebs.

gogi CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi ikveTeba rogorc qarTuli ferweris

ganviTarebis xazi, ise Tanamedrove dasavluri xelovnebis mxatvruli

125

principebi. mis nawarmoebebs safuZvlad udevs tradiciuli Janrebisa Tu

Temebis axleburi gaazreba da mxatvruli interpretacia,

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebisa da SemoqmedebiTi meTodis

originaluroba, memkvidreobiTobis SenarCuneba da zogaddasavlur

mxatvrul fenomenTan integrireba.

126

Tavi V. sagnobriv-materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebi

vaxtang beselias SemoqmedebaSi.

samocdaaTianelTa Taobis erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenlis

vaxtang beselias xelovneba lakoniuri metyvelebiT, formisa da

Sinaarsis harmoniiT, ferwerulobisa da plastikurobis erTianobiT

xasiaTdeba, rac ostatis mxatvruli xedvisa da SesaZleblobebis

mTlianobas adasturebs. Mmisi SemoqmedebiTi meTodi sivrcis, sibrtyis,

moculobis, feris efeqturi urTierTSeTanxmebisa da poeturi

gardasaxvis princips efuZneba, romelSic mkafiod vlindeba sagnobriv-

materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebis Taviseburi sinTezi. Mmxatvris

stilistur-esTetikuri mrwamsi TvalnaTliv mianiSnebs xelovanis kavSirs

Sua saukuneebis qarTul mxatvrobasTan, rac upirveles yovlisa

ganpirobebulia misi Semoqmedebis zogadi niSnebiT – gamomsaxvelobiTi

enis sisadaviT, suraTis naTlad gamovlenili arqiteqtonikiT Tu

daxvewili, TavSekavebuli koloritiT. amasTan erTad aRsaniSnavia misi

siaxlove dasavleT evropul ferwerasTan, rac mJRavndeba mxatvruli

formis ganzogadebaSi, faqturulobisa da sagnobriobis SegrZnebaSi. XX

saukunis didostatTa memkvidreobis SemoqmedebiTi aTviseba xelovanis

nawarmoebebs maRalmxatvrul dones da Tanamedrove xasiaTs aniWebs.

1964-70-iani wlebi v. beselias samxatvro akademiaSi swavlis periodia.

farnaoz lapiaSvilis saxelosnos SemoqmedebiTma atmosferom, sadac

masTan erTad swavlobdnen SemdgomSi qarTuli scenografiis cnobili

moRvaweni _ uSangi imerliSvili, mirian SveliZe, iuri gegeSiZe _

urTierTobebSi ufrosi Taobis iseT TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebTan,

rogorebicaa giorgi gunia, gogi aleqsi-mesxiSvili, dimitri erisTavi da

sxv. , xeli Seuwyo axalgazrda mxatvris SemoqmedebiTi Tu pirovnuli

msoflmxedvelobis Camoyalibebas.

Mmxatvris SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia portrets,

Tumca igi nayofierad muSaobs naturmortis da peizaJis JanrSic,

moRvaweobs Teatralur-dekoraciul mxatvrobaSi.

adamianis Sinagani samyaros, misi sulieri yofis faqiz niuansTa

Secnoba v. beselias SemoqmedebiTi interesebis umTavres amocanas

warmoadgens. mxatvars Seswevs unari modelis analitikuri Wvretisa,

127

risi wyalobiTac es portretuli saxeebi intimurobas,

individualurobas iZenen. maTSi naTlad ikiTxeba personaJis xasiaTi,

ganwyobileba, Sinagani cxovreba Tu garemomcvel samyarosTan

damokidebuleba.

portretebis kompoziciebisaTvis avtori vertikalur formats irCevs.

portretirebulTa gamosaxulebebi kadrSi mWidrod CaWedil

kompoziciebs qmnian, sadac mTeli yuradReba saxis fsiqologiur

daxasiaTebas eTmoba. Zunwad aris gadmocemuli an TiTqmis

ugulebelyofilia yvelaferi, rac mxatvrisaTvis meorexarisxovans

warmoadgens _ tanisamosis detalebi, aqsesuari. neitralur fonze

msxvili planiT gamosaxuli, msubuqad utrirebuli metyveli saxeebi

inarCuneben naturasTan fizikur msgavsebas da emociaTa

mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdebian.

formisa da xasiaTis eqspresiulobiT gamoirCeva v. beselias Cinebuli

“avtoportreti” (qaR. pasteli. 66X30. 1995). namuSevris gamomsaxvelobiT

enas aq grafikuli sawyisebi gansazRvravs _ xatvis maneris eskizuroba,

xazobrivi ritmi, metyveli silueti. kompoziciis saerTo kolorits

moyviTalo-momwvano, mocisfro-monacrisfro ferTa daxvewili gama qmnis.

suraTis siRrmidan mxatvari icqireba Tavis TavSi CaRrmavebuli, fiqriT

da sevdiT aRbeWdili mzeriT. Sinagani keTilSobileba vlindeba mis

Crdildafenil saxesa da mWmunvare ierSi.

“Svilis portreti” (qaR. pasteli. 66X30. 1995) vertikalur RerZul

xazze agebuli kompoziciaa. formaTa materialuri xasiaTi mxatvrul

saxes Sinagan Zalasa da mniSvnelobas aniWebs. perangis xaverdovani

moyavisfro-mowiTalo feris, oqrosferi Tmis, Tbili Ria mwvane fonis

efeqturi Tanafardoba qmnis suraTis daxvewil feradovnebas. odnavi

asimetriiT xazgasmuli modelis saxasiaTo gamoxedva _ aweuli warbi,

SeWmuxnili Subli, saxis nakvTebis SemomsazRvreli dinamikuri

konturebi personaJis Sinagan mRelvarebas, mis cvalebad emociur

samyaros amJRavnebs.

mxatvruli saxis mkveTri daxasiaTebiT gamoirCeva “nino CiburdaniZis

portreti” (qaR. pasteli. 70X50. 2001). qaliSvilis poza _ gaSlili mxrebi,

maRali kiseri da Subli amay xasiaTs avlens. personaJis didroni

128

Tvalebi, mogrZo cxvirisa da warbebis swori xazebi, kululebad

CamoSlili Tmebi, saxis maxvili ovali, gansakuTrebiT gamomsaxvelia.

dinamikuri StrixebiT Seqmnili kompoziciuri ritmi organulad erwymis

rafinirebul qromatul ferweras da acocxlebs suraTis zedapirs.

sasuraTo sibrtyeze farTo planiT warmodgenili personaJis Tavisa da

samosis moculobiTi plastikuri formebi TiTqmis mTlianad avsebs

namuSevris neitralur fons. momwvano-moruxo tonebSi Sesrulebuli muqi

foni, Ria feris reliefurad gamoZerwili saxe qmnis daxvewil

feradovan harmonias. modelis poza da ferweruli zedapiris dinamika

mxatvruli saxis fsiqologizms gadmoscems. es portreti erT-erTi

yvelaze momxiblavia mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi.

cnobiswadiliT aRsavse bavSvuri Tvalebi daJinebiT iyureba “biWunas

portretidan” (qaR. pasteli. 35X32. 1996). suraTi saocari siTboTi,

sixalasiT aris gamsWvaluli. bavSvis metyveli mzera, mousvenari poza

amJRavnebs mis mkvircxl, cocxal bunebas. kompoziciis xazgasmuli

kadrireba da mkveTri ganaTeba akonkretebs biWunas nakvTebs da farTod

gaxelil Tvalebs; personaJis frontalurad mocemuli saxe suraTis

centrSia moTavsebuli, dinamikuri rakursiT mobrunebuli figura ki

gverdidan aRiqmeba, rac acocxlebs erTi amosunTqviT Sesrulebuli

namuSevris saerTo ritms. nawarmoebis koloriti daxvewilia da

xaverdovani. igi intensiuri mwvane pastelis mravalferovani gradaciebis

da Tbili yavisferis urTierTSerwymas emorCileba, naxevartonebis

simdidriT da TavSekavebuli gamiT gamoirCeva.

Sinagani dramatizmiT xasiaTdeba “moqandake oTar darCias portreti”

(qaR. pasteli. 66X30. 1995). nawarmoebSi mxatvari ostaturad mimarTavs

urTierTdapirispirebis Tavisebur xerxs _ formis erTdroulad

sibrtyobriv da moculobiT damuSavebas. aq mZlavri Suq-Crdilovani

modelirebiT gamoZerwili Tavis moculobiTi, plastikuri gamosaxuleba

qmnis kontrasts sxeulis ganzogadebul, pirobiTobis zRvramde dayvanil

formasTan. mxatvari Zaldautaneblad aRwevs am sapirispiro elementebis

harmoniul Tanafardobas da namuSevris organul mTlianobas qmnis.

ferisa da tonis Tavisufali urTierTkavSiri acocxlebs nawarmoebis

momwvano qromatul gamas, aZlierebs gamomsaxvelobas. personaJis

129

fsiqologizms amJRavnebs misi garesamyarosadmi mipyrobili Tvalebi,

aRbeWdili martoobis raRac fataluri gancdiT. es aris STambeWdavi,

sevdiani saxe didi nebisyofis mqone pirovnebisa.

kompoziciuri agebis TvalsazrisiT ramdenadme gansxvavebulia “Teas

portreti” (qaR. pasteli. 85X50. 1995). aRsaniSnavia, rom am nawarmoebSi

personaJis xasiaTi iZerweba ara mxolod saxis gamometyvelebiT, aramed

suraTis mTeli plastikiT _ aq pozac, Cacmulobac erTgvari gzaa

pirovnebis Sinaarsis amosacnobad. erTsa da imave dros mxatvruli

formis moculobiTi da sibrtyobrivi damuSavebis efeqturi xerxi am

namuSevarSic iCens Tavs, aqac aqcentirebulia gulmodgined

Sesrulebuli saxe metyveli nuSiseburi TvalebiT, Txeli sxeuli ki

piriqiT _ zogadad aris moniSnuli. suraTis vertikalisa da modelis

xelebis araTanmxvedri, diagonaluri mimarTuleba dinamikurs xdis

kompozicias; daxvewili koloriti sxvadasxva intensiurobis lurji

feris Tbili da civi tonebis monacvleobas emyareba, qaliSvilis muqi

lurji kabis civi gama uSualo harmoniaSia natifi sxeulis naz,

movardisfro tonebTan. lurji KJReradobis eqspresiuli konturi

Semowers figuras da mas TiTqos haerSi axvevs _ amrigad qreba

sibrtyobriobis STabeWdileba, rasac xels uwyobs vardnili Crdilic;

igi arRvevs fonis neitralurobas da iluzorul perspeqtivas qmnis _

qmnis erTgvar ares fonsa da personaJs Soris.

ganwyobilebis ufro mZafri gamovlenis mizniT v. beselia zogjer

Tavisebur grotesksac mimarTavs. aseTia “mxatvar Tamaz diasamiZis

portreti” (t/z. 45X35. 1994). suraTi Tbili ironiiT aris gamsWvaluli,

masze aRbeWdilia SezarxoSebuli adamiani misTvis damaxasiaTebeli

amRvreuli, gaSeSebuli mzeriT. 3/4-iT mocemuli saxe aq SedarebiT

gulmodginedaa dawerili, wveri, Tma, perangi ki energiuli pastozuri

monasmebiT iZerweba. namuSevris koloriti cxovelxatulia, rogorc wesi,

agebuli Tbili da civi tonebis harmoniaze; igi efuZneba mowiTalo-

moyavisfro, monacrisfro-iasamnisfers, sxvadasxva intensiurobis TeTri

refleqsebis mousvenar ritms. Savi feris plastikuri konturi zogadad

mianiSnebs tansacmlis detalebs da figuras fonisagan gamoyofs.

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ferweruli faqturis simkvrive da weris dinamikuri xasiaTi

gamosaxulebas erTgvar reliefurobas aniWebs.

Aamdenad, warmodgenili nimuSebis ganxilva safuZvels iZleva vTqvaT,

rom portreti xelovanis Semoqmedebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia,

romelSic gansaxierebas poulobs ara marto personaJis sulieri

samyaro, aramed TviT mxatvris zogadi, humanisturi damokidebuleba

adamianis mimarT.

v. beselias peizaJebi Cveul sisadaves da naTlad gamovlenil

arqiteqtonikas inarCuneben. maT ganwyobilebas mniSvnelovanwilad

koloristuli sawyisebi gansazRvravs _ xasiaTs ganapirobebs feri, gama,

romelic TiToeuli nawarmoebisaTvis saguldagulod aris SerCeuli da

gaazrebuli; es xan lirizmiT aRsavse, harmoniuli, rbili, xanac Sinagani

dramatizmiT gamsWvaluli intensiuri, JReradi ferebia.

fermweris TvaliT danaxuli arqiteqtura _ albaT ase SeiZleba erTi

sityviT “gaiSifros” v. beselias tilo, romelsac “nikorwminda” (t/z.

120X120. 1989) hqvia. kompoziciis dabali horizonti da taZris cadaziduli

vertikaluri plastikuri masebi suraTs monumenturobas aniWebs. taZari,

borcvi, romelzedac igi aRmarTula, dawerilia eqspresiuli pastozuri

monasmebiT. mkvrivi ferweruli faqturis meSveobiT nageboba reliefurad

ikiTxeba sivrceSi da aRiqmeba, rogorc damoukidebeli, calke mdgomi

arqiteqturuli organizmi. amgvari interpretaciiT mxatvari Taviseburad

amkvidrebs rogorc Zeglis, ise misi adgilmdebareobis gansakuTrebul,

raRac sakralur mniSvnelobas. taZris mklavebis gadaxurvisa da

frontonebis texili xazobrivi ritmi urTierTkavSirSia fasadTa

dekoraciuli TaRebis momrgvalebul konturebTan, rac xuroTmoZRvrebis

mkacr, teqtonikur formebs metyvelebas aniWebs. eklesiis perangi aq

moyviTalo-moyavisfro, oqrosfer feradovan gamazea agebuli, romelic

harmoniulad erwymis kramitiT daxuruli saxuravebis Tbil mowiTalo-

moyavisfro fers. namuSevris foni gluvad damuSavebul momwvano-

mocisfro moqufrul cas warmoadgens, romelzec aqa-iq TeTri da

yviTeli ferebis avdrismomaswavebeli refleqsebi gaielveben, yovelive

es aZlierebs Suqisa da feris dramatul vibracias. suraTis fonisa da

taZris ferTa efeqturi dapirispireba cxovelxatulobas aniWebs

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nawarmoebs. kompoziciis wina planze mocemuli adamianebis jgufi xazs

usvams nagebobis monumenturobas, rac Tavis mxriv intimur xasiaTs

aniWebs namuSevars. “nikorwminda” romantikul sanaxaobas warmoadgens.

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis Sepirispirebis msgavs meTods

imeorebs “qalaqi” (t/z. 60X80. 1989), Tumca Tavisi xasiaTiTa da saerTo

ganwyobilebiT igi sul sxva SegrZnebebs badebs. suraTze gamosaxulia

Zveli baTumisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli farRalala saxli, kolorituli

aivnebiT da SuSabandebiT, romelsac Semouyveba sasuraTo sibrtyis

paralelurad mimarTuli qvis monoliTuri kedeli. ezos siRrmidan

gamokrTis kviparosis bundovani, vertikaluri silueti, rac xazs usvams

nawarmoebis sivrcobriv perspeqtivas. sibrtyobrivi kedeli, moculobiTi

saxli da haerovani garemo warmoadgens im sam ZiriTad komponents,

romelTa delikaturi gaTamaSeba namuSevris metyvel gamomsaxvelobas

ganapirobebs. saxlisa da kedlis koloristuli gama Ria yavisferis,

mowiTalo-moyavisfro tonebisa da naxevartonebis simdidriT xasiaTdeba.

mimzidvelia naTurebis oqrosferi gamosxiveba, rac quCisa da kedlis

garkveul nawils efineba da xelovnuri ganaTebis irealur efeqts qmnis.

es aZlierebs erTgvari Teatralurobis gancdas, rac saerTod axasiaTebs

am kompozicias. gamosaxuleba dawerilia dinamikuri pastozuri

monasmebiT, rac geometriul formebs materialurobas, reliefurobas

aniWebs. nawarmoebis foni gulmodgined damuSavebuli sxvadasxva

intensiurobis monacrisfro-tyviisferi caa, romelic wvimiani saRamos

melanqoliur ganwyobilebas gadmoscems. rogorc Cans, am namuSevarSic,

cxovelxatuli gamomsaxvelobis misaRwevad, gamoyenebulia

dapirispirebis mravali teqnikuri saSualeba, kerZod: Tbili da civi

ferebi, tilos zedapiris faqturuli Tu gluvi teqtonika, masiuri

kedlis statikuroba da saxlis msubuqi konstruqcia, misi dinamikuroba.

sagulisxmoa rom, Tu “nikorwmindaSi” adamianebis jgufi metnaklebad

gansazRvravda kompoziciis masStabs, aq faqtiurad igive motivs _ wina

planze gamosaxuli adamianebis stafaJur figurebs, sagzao niSans,

suraTSi ufro Janruli elementebi Semoaqvs. v. beselias “qalaqs”

fantastikurobis elferi dahkravs da raRac zRaprul STabeWdilebas

tovebs.

132

“Semodgoma” (t/z. 70X85. 1985) bunebis lirikuli gancdiTaa

gamsWvaluli. peizaJis motivi martivia _ suraTze gamosaxulia alvis

xeebis ori jgufi, romlebic kompoziciis dabali horizontis wyalobiT,

TiTqmis mTlianad cis fonze arian warmodgenilni da suraTis danarCen

komponentebze, rogoricaa miwis viwro zoli, dabali xeebi, savsebiT

gabatonebul “mdgomareobas” inarCuneben. xeebi dawerilia zogadad, Suq-

CrdiliT, Tumca msubuqad, xazgasmulia maTi plastika. miuxedavad amisa

nawarmoebSi miRweulia mxatvruli mTlianobisa da cxovelxatulobis

gancda. aRsaniSnavia, rom Semodgomis SegrZnebas aq ara xeebis siyviTle,

aramed, intensiurad JReradi oqrosferi foni, sivrculi garemo

amkvidrebs.

sruliad gansxvavebul STabeWdilebas axdens _ “cisferi peizaJi” (qaR.

pasteli. 45X50. 1994), romelic originaluri kompoziciuri gadawyvetiT

da dinamizmiT gamoirCeva. suraTis ukana planze mocemulia erTmaneTTan

mijriT mdgomi usaxuri saxlebi, romlebic erTian arqiteqturul masas

qmnian. maT uSfoTvel ritms, Tanaarsebobas arRvevs wina planze

gamosaxuli foTlebSemoZarcvuli xe, romelic nawarmoebis kompoziciur

da azrobriv centrs warmoadgens da haerovani sivrcisa da manZilis

SegrZnebas iZleva. sainteresoa, rom am namuSevarSi, rogorc v. beselias

portretebSi, gamomsaxvelobis koncentraciis mizniT, kompoziciis

efeqturi kadrireba aris gamoyenebuli, kerZod _ xe gadaWrilia, ar Cans

misi Ziri, arc kenwero, aqcentirebulia mxolod Txeli tani da SiSveli,

daxlarTuli totebi, romlebic zeapyrobili xelebis STabeWdilebas

toveben. maTi mousvenari, daZabuli ritmi nawarmoebs did eqspresiulobas

aniWebs. suraTis koloriti rafinirebulia. igi mqrqali nacrisferi,

vardisferi, TeTri da cisferi naxevartonebis harmoniazea agebuli.

gamosaxuleba aq TiTqos lurji prizmis miRma mosCans, rac suraTis

koloristuli gadawyvetis mxatvrul mTlianobas gansazRvravs.

v. beselias saukeTeso peizaJebi sulierebis im niSans atareben, rac

saerTod axasiaTebs mxatvris Semoqmedebas. maTi intimuroba, poetur-

emociuri muxti bunebisadmi, silamazisadmi cxadi siyvarulis

gamomxatvelia.

133

v. beselias naturmortebi mxatvruli xedvis individualurobiT

xasiaTdeba. nawarmoebebi pirobiTad ramdenime jgufad SeiZleba daiyos,

rac ufro TvalsaCinod warmoaCens avtoris SemoqmedebiTi

problemebisadmi midgomis sxvadasxva niuanss.

mxatvruli ostatobis maRali done Tavisebur xibls aniWebs

namuSevars, romelsac “qilebi” (t/z. 50X50. 1986) ewodeba. masze

gamosaxulia tumboze dawyobili sxvadasxva zomisa da formis Tunuqis

daWeWyili qilebi. kompoziciis wina planze mocemuli tumbos mkacri

geometriuli forma diagonalurad kveTs sasuraTo sibrtyes, arRvevs mas

da namuSevris siRrmes qmnis. Nnawarmoebi daxvewili ferwerulobiT

xasiaTdeba, romelSic Rrma, msuye saRebavebi faqizad erwymian erTmaneTs.

esaa lurji, iisferi, moyavisfro-mowiTalo, yviTeli ferebis ansambli.

funjis msubuqi, plastikuri monasmebiT suraTSi miiRweva gamosaxulebis

gamWvirvaleba da mkafio faqturuloba, rac ara mxolod sagnis

struqturis maxasiaTebeli, aramed cincxali ganwyobis Semqmnelic aris.

suraTis foni oqrosferi refleqsebiT gacocxlebuli lurji haerovani

garemoa. namuSevarSi yavisferi xis faqtura efeqturadaa

dapirispirebuli vercxlisferi qilebis priala zedapirebTan, romelTa

mosalodnel erTferovnebas liTonis CaWyletili adgilebis Suq-

Crdilovani modelireba acxovelebs.

faqturuli dapirispirebis igive amocanas emsaxureba “boTlebi” (t/z.

100X77. 1989). am nawarmoebSi igi rbili naoWebiT drapirebuli

monacrisfro nazi qsovilis, Savi plastmasis boTlebisa da oqrosferi

liTonis deformirebuli kolofis cxovelxatul kontrasts emyareba.

kompoziciis foni aq TiTqos neitraluri, Tumca msubuqi da gamWvirvalea.

saganTa vardnili Crdilebi mayurebels manZils agrZnobineben. yovelive

suraTSi haeriT gaJRenTili garemos STabeWdilebas aZlierebs da amasTan

materialurobas matebs namuSevars.

TavianTi xasiaTiT am namuSevrebs uaxlovdeba v. beselias mier

Sesrulebuli naturmortebi, romlebSic mxatvari Tevzebs gamosaxavs.

Tanamedrove qarTul mxatvrobaSi, gansakuTrebiT a. varazis, z. niJaraZis,

a. dilbarianis, l. baiaRCevis xelovnebaSi es sakmaod gavrcelebuli

motivia; TiToeul maTgans igi sakuTar SemoqmedebiT moTxovnilebaTa

134

Sesabamisad aqvs interpretirebuli. v. beselias amgvari naturmortebi

yuradRebas ipyrobs gamosaxulebis plastikuri, mkafiod gamovlenili

moculobiTi da faqturuli damuSavebiT (“naturmorti TevzebiT”. qaR.

pasteli. 65X50. 1993). am nawarmoebebSi kvlavac gamoyenebulia metyveli

materialuri formebisa da msubuqi, haerovani garemos daxvewili

urTierTSepirispirebis Cveuli meTodi.

gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavia v. beselias naturmortebis cikli

musikaluri instrumentebis Temaze. “tuba” (t/z. 100X75. 1988) Tavisi

xazgasmuli eqspresiulobiT gamoirCeva. aseT xasiaTs aq nawarmoebis

TiTqmis yoveli gamomsaxvelobiTi elementi amJRavnebs. upirveles

yovlisa esaa suraTis koloristuli wyoba da kompoziciuri struqtura

_ wriul ritmSi CarTuli, dinamikuri Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiT

naZerwi TeTri drapirebuli qsovili, erTmaneTze gadaxlarTuli

gacrecili Tokebi, spilenZisferi tubis diagonaluri mimarTuleba.

Sepirispirebulia agreTve qsovilis rbili, denadi nakecebi da myife

liTonis civi elvareba. suraTis mrume, momwvano foni gamsWvaluli

dramatuli moyviTalo feris gradaciebiT, aZlierebs materialurad

mkvrivi sagnebis da haerovani sivrcis cxovelxatul gamomsaxvelobas.

sainteresoa v. beselias tilo _ “nostalgia” (t/z. 100X85. 1990),

romelzec aRbeWdilia rbili qsoviliT drapirebul kubze dadebuli

valtorna da sanoto furceli. xedvis wertili aq aRebulia zemodan ise,

rom kubis zedapiri mTlianad ikiTxeba. aqedan gamomdinare, misi

perspeqtivaSi ganTavseba ukve TavisTavad iZleva siRrmis gancdas.

valtorna gamosaxulia uCveulo rakursiT _ igi mayureblisken piriTaa

moqceuli, rac erTi SexedviT aZnelebs sagnis raobis amocnobas. iseve,

rogorc sxva namuSevrebSi, aqac Tavs iCens faqturuli dapirispireba _

furclis xisti nakecebi, liTonis priala zedapiri. gamosaxuleba aqac

haerovan garemoSia gansxeulebuli, rasac mTeli sisavsiT avlens

nawarmoebis Tbili, xaverdovani koloristuli gama. igi agebulia baci

yviTeli, mdogvisferi tonebis natif harmoniul gadasvlebze, rac

erTgvar pastelur STabeWdilebas tovebs da gamosaxulebas

gansakuTrebul lirizms aniWebs.

135

sul sxva JReradobas iZens valtorna namuSevarSi “naturmorti

saaTiT” (t/z. 65X60. 1995). aRsaniSnavia, rom es nawarmoebebi, romlebSic

faqtiurad erTi da igive sagnebia gamosaxuli, maTi sxvadasxvagvari

ganTavsebisa da teqnikuri gadawyvetis meSveobiT, sruliad gansxvavebul

ganwyobilebas iZenen. am SemTxvevaSi instrumenti da furceli ara

horizontalur sibrtyeze, aramed kedlis pirobiT fonzea moTavsebuli.

dakecili qaRaldi qmnis erTgvar cxovelxatul sibrtyes kedelsa da

valtornas Soris, rac aZlierebs suraTis gamomsaxvelobas; marTkuTxa

furcelze moTavsebuli sagnebi mWidro CarCoSia moqceuli, Tumca fonis

garkveuli “Tavisufali” are “asunTqebs” kidec kompozicias da masSi

sivrcis SegrZneba Semoaqvs. nawarmoebis koloriti daxvewilia, efeqturi.

valtornis zedapiri da furceli dawerilia sxvadasxva intensiurobis

moyavisfro-mooqrosfro tonalobaSi, rac am sagnebs mkafiod warmoaCens

suraTis TeTr fonze. kedlis civi TeTri feri Taviseburad airekleba

Zveleburi jibis saaTis spetak siTeTreSi, rac kidev ufro ametyvelebs

am kompozicias.

amrigad, is SemoqmedebiTi meTodi, rac zemoT moculobiTi,

materialuri formebisa da haerovani garemos gadmocemis SedarebiT

mSvidi dapirispirebiT ganisazRvreboda, am nawarmoebebSi mkafiod iCens

Tavs da Sesrulebis erTgvari naturalizmiT, faqturulobisa da

sagnobriobis mZafri SegrZnebiT aRiniSneba.

v. beselias SemoqmedebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia zRvis

Tematikas, Tumca xelovani iSviaTad mimarTavs uSualod marinistul

Janrs. mxatvris iseT nawarmoebebSi, rogorebicaa: “Tolia” (t/z. 70X60.

1995), “tivtivebi” (t/z. 60X60. 1996), “niJara” (t/z. 70X60. 1997) da sxv. zRva

arsad Cans, magram yvelaferSi igrZnoba misi siaxlove, surneli _ am

suraTebis mTavari “gmirebi” meTevzeTa badeebi, kenWebi, niJarebia.

erTgvar metaforul JReradobas iZens Cinebuli namuSevari “dila

zRvaze” (t/z. 66X70. 1995). suraTze aRbeWdilia lurji feris

SeWyletili plastmasis boTli, romelic TiTqos qviSian plaJze dgas. am

erTi SexedviT Cveulebrivsa da yofiT motivs ucnauri iersaxe aqvs

miniWebuli _ boTli TiTqos sanapiroze ganmartoebiT moarul adamians

ufro miagavs. suraTis uCveulo xasiaTs xazs usvams xedvis wertilis

136

STambeWdavi SerCeva da koloristuli gamis silamaze. kompozicia Zalze

ganwyobiania, rasac mxatvari upiratesad Ria iasamnisferis burusiT

moculi sivrcobrivi perspeqtiviT amkvidrebs. oqrosferi qviSa, lurji

moculobiTi boTli, misgan areklili sinaTlis aTinaTi da vardnili

Crdili nawarmoebis cxovelxatul gamomsaxvelobas qmnis.

Sesrulebis erTgvari naturalisturi maneriT, kompoziciuri xedvis

TaviseburebebiT, moulodnelobis efeqtiT Tu garkveuli metaforuli

JReradobiT am namuSevrebs pirobiTad SeiZleba miesadagos termini

“romantikuli siurrealizmi” (iv tangi, pier rua da sxv.), Tumca igi sul

sxva istoriul viTarebaSi warmoiSva da gansxvavebul esTetikur mrwamss

aviTarebs.

mxatvris namuSevarTa Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia SesaniSnav

suraTs _ “Tasi” (t/z. 85X85. 1993), romelic mniSvnelovanwilad Tavs

uyris Semoqmedis stilistur-esTetikur Ziebebs. masze gamosaxulia sqeli

qsoviliT drapirebul kubze dadebuli momcro, sada formis Tasi.

intensiuri gradaciebiT Seferili, materialurad mkvrivi TeTri feri

Tavisi spetaki gamosxivebiT aq TiTqos fizikurad xelSesaxebs xdis

qsovilisa Tu Tasis faqturas. mZlavri Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiT

naZerwi dinamikuri forma Sinagani eqspresiiTaa gamsWvaluli, rac

gamosaxulebas garkveul ideur mrwamssac aniWebs. mTeli es “TeTri”

kompozicia amozidulia metnaklebad iluzoruli muqi fonidan, romelic

naTelTan Sexebisas raRac uxilavi sinaTlis Semcvel substanciad

gardaiqmneba. yovelive es suraTs cxovelmyofelobiT, mxatvruli

RirsebiT aRavsebs.

v. beselias saukeTeso naturmortebSi saganTa “wynari cxovreba” (Still

Life) ikiTxeba. isini TiTqos Sordebian yofierebis utilitarul samyaros

da Taviseburi simboluri intonaciebiT xmianeben, metyveleben frazebiT,

romlebic mravalferovani intimuri SegrZnebebis Sesatyvisia.

Aamrigad, vaxtang beselias Semoqmedeba mxatvruli xedvis

individualurobiT da subieqturi saxviTi interpretaciiT xasiaTdeba.

igi gamsWvalulia sulismieri sawyisebis aSkara primatiT, romelSic

gansaxierebas poulobs mxatvris zogadi humanisturi damokidebuleba

rogorc adamianis, ise sagnebisa da movlenebis mimarT. mxatvruli

137

gadawyvetis TvalsazrisiT es nawarmoebebi sisadaves da suraTis naTlad

gamovlenil arqiteqtonikas inarCuneben. namuSevrebis xasiaTs Tu poetur-

emociur muxts mniSvnelovanwilad ganapirobebs ferweruli sawyisebi,

koloriti, romelic naxevartonebis faqiz niuansebzea agebuli. Suqisa da

Crdilis mkveTri modelirebiT avtori aZlierebs mxatvruli saxeebis

emociur metyvelebas, rasac ostaturad upirispirebs neitralur fons da

aRwevs suraTis calkeuli nawilebis ritmul da tonalur erTianobas.

yovelive zemoxsenebulTan erTad v. beselias suraTebSi iqmneba garemo,

sadac sivrce erTgvar plastikur xatad gardaiqmneba da gamosaxvis

mniSvnelovan esTetikur obieqts warmoadgens. avtoris SemoqmedebiTi

alRo, azrovnebisa da gancdis Taviseburebebi namuSevrebis siRrmis,

mxatvruli Rirsebis ganmsazRvrelia.

138

Ddaskvna

Tuki Tvals gadavavlebT XX saukunis qarTuli saxviTi xelovnebis

ganviTarebis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs, razec vrclad visaubreT naSromis

pirvel TavSi, naTlad gamoikveTeba is etapebi da Taviseburebebi,

romelTac mxatvruli cxovrebis SefasebisaTvis ganmsazRvreli

mniSvneloba aqvT, gamovlindeba sxvadasxva tendencia Tu stilisturi

mimarTuleba, rac mkafiod gamoxatuli individualuri xasiaTis mqone

mxatvarTa moRvaweobiT aris ganpirobebuli. axal qarTul mxatvrobaSi

mimdinare procesebi aCvenebs, rom man Camoyalibebis rTuli da

winaaRmdegobebiT savse gza ganvlo.

qarTuli xelovnebis fesvebi saTaves jer kidev uZveles warsulSi

iRebs. saxviTi xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargs odiTganve umniSvnelovanesi

adgili ekava. oqros, vercxlis, brinjaos nakeTobani, keramikuli da

minis WurWeli ramdenime aTaswleuls iTvlian. Sua saukuneebSi iqmneba

qvisa da liTonis, xeze kveTis, monumenturi da miniaturuli mxatvrobis

mravali nawarmoebi. saukuneTa manZilze adgilobriv, bizantiur da

aRmosavleT qristianul tradiciaTa rTul urTierTkavSirSi

viTardeboda maRalmxatvruli, erovnuli TavisTavadobiT gamorCeuli

qarTuli xelovneba.

XIX s-is dasawyisidan qarTuli xelovnebis ganviTarebis axali faza

isaxeba. saqarTvelo ukavSirdeba rusul da evropul kulturebs da

dasavluri samyaros kalapots ubrundeba. iwyeba SemoqmedebiTi Zalebis

garkveuli aqtivizacia. qarTvel ostatebs saSualeba eZlevaT ruseTsa da

evropaSi miiRon profesiuli ganaTleba, aiTvison maTTvis axali

realisturi xelovnebis principebi.

XIX s-is pirveli naxevari Sua saukuneebis xelovnebidan

realisturobisaken gardamavali periodia. Cndeba dazguri suraTi,

romelSic upiratesoba portretul Janrs eniWeba. erovnuli xelovnebis

ganviTarebis gzaze udides rols TamaSobs e.w. “tfilisuri skola”.

swored aqedan moyolebuli SeiZleba Tvali gavadevnoT stilistur

gadasvlas pirobiTobidan samyaros realisturi asaxvisaken, rac

mniSvnelovani movlena iyo qarTuli xelovnebis evoluciisaTvis.

139

axali qarTuli ferweris pirveli Taobis warmomadgenlebma (a. beriZe,

a. mrevliSvili, g. gabaSvili, m. ToiZe da sxv.)daamkvidres realisturi

msoflSegrZnebis principebi, gaafarToves SemoqmedebiTi diapazoni,

safuZveli daudes saxviTi xelovnebis mraval dargs da Janrs, isini

cdilobdnen “dasweodnen” evropuli xelovnebis monapovars. XX s-is

mijnaze da mis pirvel aTwleulSi realisturi mxatvrobis damkvidrebis

amocana maT mier daZleul iqna. unda aRiniSnos, rom amave periodSi

gansakuTrebuli adgili daikava TviTnaswavli mxatvris n.

firosmanaSvilis Semoqmedebam, romlis mxatvrobam intuiciurad, savsebiT

bunebrivad daitia qarTuli xelovnebis mravalsaukunovani tradicia da

amavdroulad Tanamedrove JReradobac SeiZina.

1910-20-ian wlebSi qarTul mxatvrobaSi Tvisobrivad axali, Zalze

saintereso da mravalferovani periodi iwyeba. 1920-iani wlebis Taoba (d.

kakabaZe, l. gudiaSvili, S. qiqoZe, e. axvlediani da sxv.) miznad isaxavs

formiTa da SinaarsiT erovnuli da amave dros Tanamedrove dasavluri

tipis principebze dafuZnebuli ferweris Camoyalibebas. “xelovneba

erovnuli da amave dros Tanamedrove, erovnuli Tavisi arsiT da

amasTanave XX s-is moTxovnilebaTa doneze mdgomi” (beriZe 1983:3) _

aseTia “ocianelTa” Taobis SemoqmedebiTi mrwamsi. tradiciisadmi

axleburma midgomam, misgan organulad aRmocenebis survilma, msoflio

xelovnebis Tanadroul mimdinareobebTan ziarebam warmoSva uaRresad

TavisTavadi mxatvroba, romelic Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovnebis

pirveli ayvavebis periodad aris miCneuli. Cvenis azriT, am periodSi

qarTuli xelovneba Tavisi formaTqmnadobis TvalsazrisiT Tanmxvedri

aRmoCnda dasavlur xelovnebaSi mimdinare mxatvruli procesebisa.

realurad es iyo qarTuli ferweris organuli ganviTarebis Sedegi.

1920-iani wlebis qarTuli xelovnebis ganviTarebis es organuli

procesi 1930-ian wlebSi Sewyda. sabWoTa kavSirSi amuSavebulma

ideologiurma wnexma qarTuli kultura kidev erTxel amoagdo

bunebrivi ganviTarebis kalapotidan. 1920-iani wlebis SemoqmedebiTi

Ziebebis uaryofam, realizmis calmxrivma gagebam, dabal

profesionalizmTan erTad, ganapiroba mxatvrul nawarmoebTa

erTgvarovneba, rogorc Sinaarsis, aseve mxatvruli meTodis ganviTarebis

140

TvalsazrisiT. socrealizmis yalb ideurobasa da deklaraciebs

damorCilebuli avtorebi SemdgomSic ver sZleven stilistur

erTferovnebas. am periodis monumentur qmnilebebSi vlindeba siuJetis

gaxsnis erTgvari literaturuloba da kompoziciuri agebis

dekoraciuli xasiaTi. es Taviseburebebi qarTul xelovnebaSi 1950-ian

wlebamde grZeldeba.

1950-iani wlebidan, iwyebs ra axal Ziebebs mxatvruli specifikis

sferoSi, uaxlesi qarTuli mxatvroba faqtiurad Tavidan ubrundeba im

problemebsa Tu mxatvrul principebs, romelTa organuli ganviTareba

xelovnurad iqna SeCerebuli 1930-ian wlebSi. am periodSi SemoqmedebiT

asparezze gamosulma axalgazrda mxatvrebma (j. xundaZe, e. kalandaZe, z.

niJaraZe da sxv.) Tamamad daarRvies formaluri Ziebebis akrZalva.

“ormocdaaTianelebi” iRvwodnen, raTa Tavis uflebebSi aRedginaT feri,

rogorc suraTis erT-erTi ZiriTadi sawyisi. isini ferweruli amocanebis

gadawyvetiT iyvnen dainteresebulni, ramac maT mxatvrobaSi myari,

gaazrebuli feradovani sistemis Camoyalibebas Cauyara safuZveli. es

mxatvrebi saerTo miznebs isaxavdnen, magram maT ganviTarebis sakuTari

gza gaiares da Seqmnes nawarmoebebi, romlebic mkafiod asaxaven

TiToeuli maTganis SemoqmedebiT mrwamss. 1950-iani wlebis Sua xanebidan

ferweruli amocanebi organulad daukavSirda am periodis xelovnebis

saerTo tendencias – mxatvruli enis ganaxlebisaken ltolvas.

ormocdaaTianelTa novaciebi, romlebic axali mxatvrul-saazrovno

problematikis damkvidrebas ukavSirdeba, logikur dasayrdens uqmnida

momaval Taobebs. sxvadasxva mxatvruli problemebisadmi SemoqmedebiTi

midgoma, samyaros uSualo, individualuri aRqma, xatovani azrovneba,

ferweris saxviT-dekoratiuli saSualebebis, feris TavisTavadi da

saxviTi Tvisebebis xazgasma ormocdaaTianelTa SemoqmedebiTi

interesebis ZiriTad sferos gansazRvravs.

1950-60-ian wlebSi momxdarma arsebiTma Zvrebma, politikur-

kulturulma liberalizaciam mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiTi

saSualebebis Ziebebis gaaqtiureba ganapiroba. “uZraobis” periodSi

sabWoTa ideologiuri wnexi da cenzura aRar aris iseTi mkacri.

aRsaniSnavia, rom swored am periodSi aRweven Tavisi SesaZleblobebis

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maqsimalur gamovlenas rogorc ufrosi, ise momdevno Taobis

warmomadgenlebi, romlebic samoRvaweo asparezze 1960-70-ian wlebSi

Tanmimdevrulad gamodian. saxviT xelovnebaSi naTlad ikveTeba

mxatvarTa miswrafeba ganzogadebuli saxeebis Seqmnisa da samyaros

xatovan-esTetikuri aRqmisaken. niSandoblivia, rom am epoqisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli cxovrebis arsis siRrmiseuli gancda mxatvris

TviTmyofadobis gamovlenis farTo SesaZleblobebs qmnida. am pleadis

saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi TavianT namuSevrebSi mTeli sisavsiT

avlendnen sakuTar msoflSegrZnebas, gamoxatavdnen sakuTar

damokidebulebas garemomcveli sinamdvilisadmi. amdenad, am periodidan

mxatvarTa individualizmi kvlav qarTuli ferweris damaxasiaTebel

Tvisebad iqca.

1960-iani wlebis Taobis (k. maxaraZe, r. Tordia, g. YToiZe da sxv.)

zogad miRwevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos kompoziciuri struqturis

dekoratiulobis, monumenturobis win wamoweva, saxviT-plastikuri da

dekoratiul-sibrtyobrivi formebis erTgvari sinTezi, TavSekavebuli

koloritis pirobiToba, ferweris erTgvari siaxlove Wedurobisa da

qandakebis damaxasiaTebel principebTan.

1970-ian wlebSi axali azrovnebisaken da TviTganaxlebisaken swrafvam

stilisturi mravalferovneba ganapiroba. SemoqmedebiTi

memkvidreobisadmi miswrafeba TviTSegnebis formad iqca, ramac

mxatvruli midgomisa da gadawyvetis mravalsaxovanebas gauxsna gza.

mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT 1970-iani wlebi aris im Ziebebisa da

problematikis erTgvari gagrZeleba, romlebic uaxles qarTul

ferweraSi 1950-60-iani wlebidan isev organulad viTardeba. am

droisaTvis kvlav aqtualuria mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiTi

saSualebebis srulyofis problema – feris, naxatis, kompoziciis gagebis

sakiTxi. am etapis Taviseburebebs qmnian individualuri xelweris mqone

mxatvrebi, romelTac akavSirebT sakuTari esTetikis damkvidreba,

samyaros siRrmiseuli da xatovani aRqma, mxatvruli xerxebis srulyofa

sakuTari gancdebisa Tu ideebis gadmosacemad. 1970-iani wlebis qarTul

ferweraSi warmoCinda individualuri xelweris mqone SemoqmedTa farTo

speqtri, romelic naTlad aCvenebs erTmaneTisagan sruliad

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gansxvavebuli avtorebis SemoqmedebiTi amocanebisadmi midgomis

sxvadasxva niuansebs, saintereso esTetikur da stilistur

Taviseburebebs. kerZod, sagnobriv-materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebis

Taviseburi sinTezi mJRavndeba v. beselias mxatvrobaSi, saxovan-

romantikuli tendenciebiT aris gamsWvaluli e. onianis mxatvruli

samyaro, plastikuri formisa da feris tonalur SesaZleblobaTa

srulyofilad gamovlena axasiaTebs T. xuciSvilis namuSevrebs, sivrce-

sibrtyis organizebis specifika Tu sibrtyobrivi dekoratiulobisaken

erTgvari swrafva gamoarCevs g. CageliSvilis ferwerul tiloebs.

Tavisi mxatvruli msoflaRqmiT, SemoqmedebiTi meTodis

konceptualuri da formaluri Taviseburebebis mkafio gamovleniT esma

oniani samocdaaTianelTa Taobis Rirseul warmomadgenlad gvevlineba.

misi originaluri msoflmxedveloba, individualuri mxatvruli

azrovneba da ferweruli manera 1970-ian wlebSi yalibdeba. am droisaTvis

Tavs iCens mxatvris swrafva rTuli ferweruli amocanebis sinTezuri

gadawyvetisadmi. sagnobrivi formis transformireba, sivrce-sibrtyis,

tonaloba-feris gamovlena erT mTelSi misi SemoqmedebiTi interesebis

umTavres sagans warmoadgens. TandaTan ikveTeba mxatvris Semoqmedebis

sxvadasxva aspeqti Tu mxatvruli amocana: plastikur formaTa metyveli

pastozuri Zerwva, sivrcobrivi problematika, swrafva gamaerTianebeli

movardisfro gamis Seqmnisaken. 1980-90-iani wlebisaTvis mkafiod

Camoyalibebul saxes iZens sakuTari mxatvruli meTodis damkvidrebis,

samyarosa da misi sivrcul-droiTi maxasiaTeblebis avtoriseuli

gaazrebis intensiuri procesi. suraTebSi dominirebs samyaros, rogorc

erTiani mTelis ferwerul-poeturi gancda, matulobs filosofiuri

gansjis, monumenturobis SegrZneba. niSandoblivia, rom Tavis

SemoqmedebaSi e. oniani warmatebiT aviTarebs gansxvavebuli specifikis

mqone struqturuli niSnebis erT mxatvrul wyobaSi integrirebis rTul

xazs. mis namuSevrebSi safuZvlianad aris Tavmoyrili da sinTezirebuli

mxatvris Ziebebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi: plastikur formaTa

ferweruli Zerwva, civi da Tbili ferebis niuansireba specifikur Suq-

haerovan mowiTalo gamaSi, stilizebuli, ganzogadebul-

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monumentalizebuli, zogjer abstrahirebis zRvarTan mdgomi lakoniuri

formebis gadmocema.

e. onianis xelovneba xasiaTdeba mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis didi

ZaliT da mkafio saxovanebiT. mis nawarmoebebSi naTlad mJRavndeba

swrafva cxovrebiseul movlenTa pirobiT-poeturi gardasaxvisaken.

pirvel planze inacvlebs “saxe-mogonebis” Tu “saxe-gancdis”

mniSvnelobis xazgasma, emociuri mgrZnobeloba, rasac avtori feris

eqspresiis gaZlierebiT, formis erTgvari abstrahirebis, suraTis

sivrcobrivi da plastikuri komponentebis originaluri SerwymiT avlens.

sagnebisa da movlenebis xatovan-esTetikuri aRqmiT, cxovrebis arsis

siRrmiseuli gancdiT mxatvari sakuTar samyaros poetur JReradobas,

romantikul intonacias aniWebs.

samocdaaTianelTa Taobis gamorCeuli ostati Tamaz xuciSvili im

mxatvarTa wres ganekuTvneba, romlebic feris tonalur SesaZleblobaTa

srulyofilad gamovlenisaken iswrafvian da uSualod agrZeleben

qarTuli realisturi ferweris SemoqmedebiT tradiciebs. misi

mxatvruli xedva wlebis manZilze ganicdis Tavisebur stilistur

evolucias, rac naTlad amJRavnebs avtoris SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis

sxvadasxva aspeqtebs. kerZod, 1970-iani wlebis eqspresiuli, pastozuri

manera kontrastul ferTa emociuri ZaliT warmoCenas da ganzogadebuli

mxatvruli saxis mZafr gamovlenas emsaxureba. 1980-90-ian wlebSi weris

ufro gluvi maneriT Sesrulebul namuSevrebSi upiratesad realisturi

midgoma ikveTeba. mravalferovani tonaluri gradaciebi, efeqturi

ganaTeba, daxvewili naxati organul mTlianobaSia moyvanili, rac

akademiuri sizustiT Sesrulebul am nawarmoebebs erTgvari lirikuli

ganwyobiT aRavsebs. 1990-2000-ian wlebSi Seqmnili nimuSebis

Taviseburebebi – Txelfenovani weris manera, plastikuri formebis

gulmodgine damuSaveba, grafikuli xazis metyveleba e.w. salonuri

akademizmis niSnebs avlens.

T. xuciSvilis mxatvruli meTodi efuZneba akademiur-realistur

stils. sivrcisa da formis plastikuri Zerwvis ZiriTad xerxs ferTa

faqizi tonaluri gadasvlebi, ostaturi Suq-Crdilovani modelireba,

sagnobriv-moculobiTi gamomsaxveloba gansazRvravs. feri avtoris

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TviTgamoxatvis ZiriTadi saSualebaa, igi misTvis ara mxolod

formaTqmnadobis umTavresi komponenti, aramed kompoziciuri

mTlianobisa da emociuri metyvelebis umniSvnelovanesi maxasiaTebelia.

ferwerul-koloristul da kompoziciur sawyisebTan erTad avtoris

saxviTi enis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria ganaTeba, romelic

garkveulwilad Teatraluri mxatvrobis specifikas efuZneba, igi

mkafiod gamokveTs arsebiTs – axasiaTebs mxatvrul saxes, akonkretebs

sagnebs, detalebs. movlenebis amgvari gaazreba avtoris individualuri

gancdiT aris ganpirobebuli. T. xuciSvilis mxatvroba gamoirCeva

ferweruli enis organuli SegrZnebiT, tonalurad mdidari palitra,

daxvewili gama, weris Tavisufali manera Tu tilos zedapiros metyveli

faqtura xelovanis saukeTeso nawarmoebebs gansakuTrebul

gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs.

uaxlesi qarTuli mxatvrobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani warmomadgenlis

gogi CageliSvilis Semoqmedebas safuZvlad udevs tradiciuli Janrebisa

Tu Temebis axleburi gaazreba da mxatvruli interpretacia.

intuiciuroba, spontanuroba, improvizaciuloba is ZiriTadi niSan-

Tvisebebia, riTac sazrdoobs mxatvari. misi msoflmxedveloba gamoirCeva

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebisa da SemoqmedebiTi meTodis

originalurobiT, aRbeWdilia memkvidreobiTobis SenarCunebisa da

amasTan erTad zogaddasavlur mxatvrul principebTan integrirebisaken

swrafviT. g. CageliSvilis namuSevrebSi erTmaneTTan erTdroulad

Tanaarsebobs sibrtyobrivi da sivrcobrivi sawyisebi, rac mis

SemoqmedebaSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi faqtiurad ucvleli rCeba; maT

axasiaTebT kompoziciuri struqturis erTgvari statikuroba da

ferweruli fenis dinamika, swrafva formaTa gadmocemis gamartivebisa da

ganzogadebisaken, midrekileba pirobiTobisa da abstrahirebisaken da

amavdroulad sivrcobriv-haerovani garemos damkvidrebisaken.

TandaTan g. CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi vlindeba sagnobriv-

materialuri sawyisebidan daSorebis mcdeloba, Tavs iCens

dekoratiulobis tendencia, rac mis suraTebSi sxvadasxva mxatvruli

saSualebebiT vlindeba. sivrce mis suraTebSi ganzogadebulia da

moklebulia konkretikas; formebi imdenad deformirebuli da

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abstrahirebulia, rom TiTqos kargaven materialur wonadobas. pirobiTi

sivrce da kompoziciis sibrtyovani ganSla avlens ara marto namuSevris

Sinaarsobriv datvirTvas, aramed aqtiur dekoratiul funqciasac

atarebs. aqedan gamomdinare igi iZens mTlianobas, rogorc saxviT-

plastikuri, ise dekoratiuli TvalsazrisiTac. sibrtyis SegrZneba, misi

organzomilebianoba, rogorc suraTis safuZveli, mis namuSevrebSi

Taviseburad erwymis sivrcobrivi garemos gadmocemis problemas.

pirobiTobisaken swrafviT, sibrtyobriv-dekoratiuli sawyisebis

momZlavrebiT avtori Tanmimdevrulad amkvidrebs samyaros msubuq,

lirikul, xatovan aRqmas, rac mniSvnelovanwilad namuSevrebis

ferweruli gaazrebiTac aris ganpirobebuli. g. CageliSvilis

ferweruli gama gamWvirvale, mSvidi da TavSekavebulia, igi mdidaria

feradovani niuansebiT, daxvewili tonaluri gradaciebiT. feris

saSualebiT avtori aRwevs maqsimalur mxatvrul gamomsaxvelobas, Tumca

igi ara imdenad Rrma emociis Semcveli, aramed ufro gancdismieria,

Tavisi TvisebebiT dekoratiul specifikas gamoxatavs da haerovnebisa Tu

sivrcobriobis maniSnebel kategoriad gvevlineba. g. CageliSvilis

nawarmoebebis ferweruli gaazreba da formaTqmnadoba avlens mxatvris

swrafvas Seqmnas erTiani, TiTqosda usasrulo, “dematerializebuli”

garemo, romelic amavdroulad saTaves realobidan iRebs.

iluzorulobis efeqtis erTgvari uaryofiT, formaTa gamartivebiT,

tonaluri mTlianobiT mxatvari Tavis nawarmoebebSi uSfoTveli,

harmoniuli, esTetikurad mimzidveli samyaros SegrZnebas gadmoscems.

samocdaaTianelTa erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenlis vaxtang

beselias xelovneba mxatvruli xedvis individualurobiT da subieqturi

saxviTi interpretaciiT xasiaTdeba. misi SemoqmedebiTi meTodi sivrcis,

sibrtyis, moculobis, feris efeqturi urTierTSeTanxmebisa da poeturi

gardasaxvis princips efuZneba, romelSic mkafiod vlindeba sagnobriv-

materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebis Taviseburi sinTezi. mxatvruli

gadawyvetis TvalsazrisiT mxatvris nawarmoebebi sisadaves da suraTis

naTlad gamovlenil arqiteqtonikas inarCuneben, isini xasiaTdebian

lakoniuri metyvelebiT, formisa da Sinaarsis harmoniiT, ferwerulobisa

da plastikurobis erTianobiT. namuSevrebis xasiaTs Tu emociur muxts

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mniSvnelovanwilad ganapirobebs ferweruli sawyisebi, TavSekavebuli

koloriti, romelic naxevartonebis faqiz niuansebzea agebuli. mkveTri

Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiT avtori aZlierebs mxatvruli saxeebis

emociur metyvelebas, dinamikur moculobiT formebs ostaturad

upirispirebs neitralur fons da aRwevs suraTis calkeuli nawilebis

ritmul Tu tonalur erTianobas; yovelive zemoxsenebulTan erTad mis

ferwerul tiloebSi iqmneba garemo, sadac sivrce erTgvar plastikur

xatad gardaiqmneba, igi namuSevris siRrmis, mxatvruli Rirsebis

ganmsazRvrelia da gamosaxvis mniSvnelovan esTetikur obieqts

warmoadgens. v. beselias Semoqmedeba gamsWvalulia sulismieri

sawyisebis aSkara primatiT, romelSic gansaxierebas poulobs mxatvris

zogadi humanisturi damokidebuleba rogorc adamianebis, ise sagnebisa

da movlenebis mimarT.

amrigad, ganxiluli mxatvrebis magaliTze, samocdaaTianelTa

ferweraSi araerTgvarovani suraTi ixateba _ ikveTeba ori ZiriTadi xazi

da tendencia, orive mimarTuleba safuZvels realisturi sawyisebidan

iRebs. pirveli xazi mowodebulia met-naklebi realisturobiT asaxos

materialuri samyaro, moaxdinos misi esTetizacia, miiswrafvis

sinamdvilisagan mowyvetis gareSe dainaxos masSi saxasiaTo,

ganumeorebeli. amgvari realizmi gulisxmobs arsebuli sinamdvilis

gadmocemas mkveTrad gamoxatuli transformirebisa da interpretirebis

gareSe. mxatvruli xerxebis artistuli flobis safuZvelze xelovanis

mizani Tvalxilulis esTetikuri gadmocema xdeba. swored am tendenciis

gamomxatvelia T. xuciSvilis ferwera. SesaZloa amave ZiriTad xazs

davukavSiroT am Taobis iseTi warmomadgeneli, rogoricaa v. beselia,

Tumca masTan movlenebis zedapiruli dafiqsirebis nacvlad subieqturi

interpretacia, grZnobadi da sulieri sawyisebis mkafio gamovlena Cans.

gamomdinareobs ra realisturi xedvis sawyisebidan, meore mxatvruli

tendencia mkafiod emijneba pirvels. igi axdens sinamdvilis

transformacias, mniSvnelovnad Sordeba realobas, qmnis sakuTar

xatovan samyaros, romelic mxatvris msoflaRqmiT prizmaSia

gardatexili. es Tvisebebi TvalnaTliv warmoaCens g. CageliSvilis

Semoqmedebas. e. onianTan gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis yvela komponenti

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warmosaxuli, poeturi, sulismieri gancdebiT aRbeWdili “suraT-xatebis”

gamovlenas emsaxureba. misi SemoqmedebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

romantikuli intonaciebi da poeturi asociaciebi mkveTrad emijneba

samyaros realistur xedvas. mxatvari qmnis erTgvar efemerul,

meditaciuri xasiaTis namuSevrebs, romelTa saxviTi ena upirveles

yovlisa ferwerisa da feris mxatvrul-emociuri SesaZleblobebis

maqsimalur gamovlenas efuZneba.

amrigad, 1970-ian wlebSi SemoqmedebiT asparezze gamosulma

axalgazrda xelovanebma mniSvnelovnad gaamdidres uaxlesi qarTuli

mxatvroba. erTi SexedviT, moRvaweobis sawyis etapze, mxatvrul enaSi maT

ar SemoutaniaT kardinaluri cvlilebebi, isini TiTqos inerciiT

agrZeleben svlas 1950-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi dawyebuli ukve

moniSnuli, aprobirebuli mimarTulebebiT. maTTvis kvlav aqtualuri

rCeba mxatvruli formisa da sivrcis plastikuri interpretaciis

problema, suraTis kompoziciuri struqturis, wminda ferweruli

sawyisebis gamovlenis amocana, magram TandaTan maT namuSevrebSi axali

niuansebic Cndeba, kerZod, ormocdaaTianelTa “mSfoTvare” paToss,

eqspresiulobas Tu dramatizms, samocianelTa monumentalizebul,

dekoratiul aspeqtSi gaazrebul qarTuli yofis scenebs maTTan

umeteswilad mSvidi, kameruli xasiaTis suraTebi cvlian, romlebSic

wina planze adamianis piradi samyaro inacvlebs da grZnobisa da azris

gamomJRavnebis siRrme, garkveuli simboluri Tu romantikuli

intonaciebi ikiTxeba.

samocdaaTianelTa moRvaweoba sakmaod specifikur istoriul fonze

viTardeboda. “uZraobis” epoqis rRvevis niSnebi “gardaqmnis” periodis

axali realiebis moaxloebas moaswavebda. swored am dros, 1970-80-iani

wlebis mijnaze, roca maTi Semoqmedeba mowiful fazaSi Sedis, am

mxatvarTa namuSevrebSi naTlad vlindeba maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli iseTi

niSan-Tvisebebi, rogoricaa dakarguli sulierebis Zieba da sagnobrivi

samyaros erTgvari “gasuliereba”, Taviseburi mistikuri gancdis Semotana

Tu intimuri sawyisebis gaZliereba, sul ufro intensiurad ikveTeba

xatovani ganzogadebis, formaTa abstrahirebis tendencia, Cndeba

abstraqtuli kompoziciebi, bibliuri siuJetebi da a.S. niSandoblivia,

148

rom yovelive es faqtiurad niadags umzadebs Semdgomi Taobis _

oTxmocianelebis (i. farjiani, g. buRaZe, l. WoRoSvili da sxv.) mier

wamoWril siaxleebs, romelTa mosvliT qarTul xelovnebaSi

Tvisobrivad axali etapi iwyeba _ xdeba post-modernistuli tendenciebis

win wamoweva, izrdeba interesi Tematuri suraTis mimarT, aqtualuri

xdeba religiuri da miTologiuri motivebi, gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva saxis

groteskuli xerxebi, alegoriebi, simboloebi da sxv. TaobaTa es

urTierTmimarTeba TvalnaTliv adasturebs qarTuli mxatvrobis

memkvidreobiTobis sakiTxs da Sesabamisad gansazRvravs

samocdaaTianelTa adgils XX saukunis qarTuli xelovnebis

ganviTarebis mTlian suraTSi.

samocdaaTianelebi ar warmoadgenen erTian, monoliTur jgufs, maT ar

gaaCniaT raime saerTo programa Tu mxatvruli amocana, magram udavoa,

rom am Taobis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi mkafio individualobiT

gamoirCevian. maTi moRvaweobis kvleva cxadyofs, rom am mxatvrebma

tradiciisa da novaciis urTierTmimarTebis saintereso gza ganvles;

TiToeuli maTganis msoflaRqma, mxatvruli stili, daxvewili

gemovnebisa da inteleqtis sinTezs efuZneba.

amdenad, istoriul da mxatvrul aspeqtebTan mimarTebaSi

samocdaaTianelTa Taobis saukeTeso warmomadgenelTa moRvaweoba

SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc Taviseburi gardamavali periodi

erovnuli mxatvruli cnobierebis Semdgomi ganaxlebisa Tu misi sulier-

Sinaarsobrivi gaazrebis gzaze. cxadia, igi warmoadgens erTgvar

damakavSirebel rgols rogorc wina, ise momdevno etapebTan da

mxatvrul-istoriuli TvalsazrisiT sakuTari TviTmyofadi saxe gaaCnia.

149

gamoyenebuli literaturis bibliografia

1. abesaZe 1979: abesaZe irine, “qarTuli ferweris eqspresionistuli

tendenciebi (1914 – 1921 ww.),” Jurnali “sabWoTa

xelovneba” #3, Tbilisi.

2. abesaZe ... 2005: abesaZe irine, bagratiSvili qeTevan, “Salva qiqoZe –

kulturuli memkvidreoba”, gamomcemloba “nekeri”,

Tbilisi.

3. andriaZe 1992: andriaZe daviT, “sikvdilsa da axal dabadebas Soris

anu reqviemi irakli farjianisa”, Jurnali “xelovneba”

#5-6, Tbilisi.

4. andriaZe 2003: andriaZe daviT, “esma onianis molandeba cisfer

galereaSi”, samxatvro albomi “esma oniani” –

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151

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20. arseniSvili 2011: arseniSvili irina, «elene axvlediani», qarCxaZis


21. arseniSvili 2012: arseniSvili irina, «karlo kaWarava», qarCxaZis


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154

56. oniani 2000: oniani esma, “leqsebi, eseebi, werilebi”, gamomcemloba

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ostatebi”, katalogi – I (winasityvaoba), gamomcemloba


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71. RaRaniZe 2005: RaRaniZe nino, “sasuliero Tematika irakli

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dasmisaTvis)», samecniero Sromebis krebuli,

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ICOM–is saqarTvelos erovnuli komiteti,

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156

79. CixraZe 2006: CixraZe mzia, “Tanamedrove qarTuli naxatis

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80. cecxlaZe 2002: cecxlaZe nino, “1980-iani wlebis qarTuli

mxatvrobis zogierTi tendenciis Sesaxeb”, samecniero

Sromebis krebuli, xelovnebaTmcodneoba, i.

javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis sax. universitetis


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da saqarTvelo XIX saukunis dasawyisidan XX saukunis

40-ian wlebamde», saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis

g. CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli xelovnebis

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157

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http://www.georgianart.ge eleqtronuli Jurnali “ARS

GEORGICA” giorgi CubinaSvilis saxelobis xelovnebis

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http://www.georgianart.ge/

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