Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in...
-
Upload
hope-ami-boyd -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
2
Transcript of Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in...
![Page 1: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mutations
• Mutations: change in the genetic material
• …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA
![Page 2: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2 types of Mutations
• Gene mutations
• Chromosomal mutations
![Page 3: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Gene Mutations
• Occur on a single gene
• TAC GCA TGG AAT
• Code is read in 3 base codons
• Thefatcatandratran- say?
![Page 4: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3 types of gene mutations
• Point Mutations occur at 1 spot
• TAC GCA TGG AAT – original
• Substitution?
• Insertion?
• Deletion ?
![Page 5: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• TAC GCA TGG AAT – original
• Substitution– TAC GGA TGG AAT
• Insertion– TAC GGC ATG GAA T
• Deletion – TAC GAT GGA AT
![Page 6: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Which are the 2 worst kinds of gene mutations? Why?
• THE FAT CAT RAN – original
• Substitution– THH FAT CAT RAN
• Insertion– THE FAA TCA TRA N
• Deletion – HEF ATC ATR AN
![Page 7: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Which are the 2 worst kinds of gene mutations? Why?
• Changes message which changes the amino acid that is made- wrong protein made …
FRAMESHIFT category POINT Category
insertion substitution
deletion
![Page 8: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chromosomal Mutations • Changes in the …
– Number of chromosomes• Down’s Syndrome
– Or structure of chromosome• Deletion• Duplication• Inversion• Translocation
![Page 9: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Deletion- 1 section is deleted
• Duplication- 1 section is doubled
• Inversion- 1 section is reversed
• Translocation -part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another.
![Page 11: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mutations are good, bad or neutral
• Neutral
• Bad: cause dramatic changes in protein structure… body cannot function properly
• Good.. Can create variability in species, can be beneficial, if environment– Ex- AIDS resistant gene– Polyploidy (extra chromosomes)
• Banana and citrus fruits are larger and stronger
![Page 12: Mutations Mutations: change in the genetic material …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8d73/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)