MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

INDIAN and

westernCLASSICAL MUSIC

PRESENTED BY

MRS.PREETI CHOUHAN MUSIC TEACHER

K.V.JAHALAWAR

07432-233388

9460765764

INDEX

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

1.INDIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC

2.WESTERN CLASSICAL MUSIC

HISTORY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

TYPES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

OBJECTIVES

• THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO LEARN DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

• THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO DIFFRENTIATE THE INSTRUMENTS OF INDIAN AND WESTERN MUSIC.

WHAT IS MUSICAL INSTRUMENT?WHAT IS MUSICAL INSTRUMENT?

• A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making music. In principle anything that produces sound can serve as a musical instrument. The expression, however, is reserved generally for items that have a specific musical purpose. The academic study of musical instruments is called organology.

• Some examples of instruments are - trumpet, bassoon, trombone, flute, clarinet, oboe, piccolo, saxophone, violin, viola, violoncello, piano, guitar, bass, lute, koto, sitar, bagpipe, drum, xylophone, pipe organ, theremin, synthesizer, Aeolian harp, etc.

HISTORY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

•

There are many types of musical instruments which people have used since ancient times. Many musical instruments were developed to accompany religious singing. Depictions of Mira, a devotee of Lord Krishna in many antique art works and other such depictions show the significance of musical instruments in worship. The most well-known Indian musical instruments then and now are the sitar and the tabla though today the Indian musical instruments market may include many different instruments.

• Revered Hindu religious scriptures of the Vedas speak of the use of musical instruments in worship. The fact that Indian musical instruments are mentioned in such ancient religious works is indicative of the fact that music had an important role in ancient India. The foundation of Indian music was rooted in three different forms of performance-art. These were Vocal music or singing, instrumental music and dance.

Medieval musical instruments are those that were used between the fifth and seventeenth centuries AD in India. Many religious songs that dealt with the story of Radha and Krishna were composed during this period. During the Muslim invasion of Northern India Indian music came to be divided into the Northern Hindustani music and the southern Carnatic style of music. The instruments used in the medieval era by musicians from both styles of music included the veena, the sitar, the sarod, the shehenai, the tabla, the harmonium and the pakhavaj to name just a few.

Indian music has two main aspects. Rag which deals with the area of melody and Tal which has to do with rhythm. The system of Rag involves the arrangement of seven notes. Today, many ancient musical instruments are hard to locate and some rare musical instruments that were once an important part of Indian musical tradition are no longer used at all. The 'been', a traditional blowpipe as is usually depicted in pictures of snake-charmers and the 'bhopung', a one-stringed musical instrument are some examples of these.

HARMONIUM

IT IS THE MOST ANCIENT INSRUMENT IN MUSIC.IT IS USED FOR CREATING BACKGROUND MUSIC.A SINGER CAN NOT SING WITHOUT TAKING IT’S HELP.

IT HAS ONE DHAMAN.WHEN WE PULL IT COME CLOSER AND CREATES SOUNDS BY PUTTING FINGERS ON WOODEN SLIDES.

IT HAS THREE SAPTAKS……….

1.MANDRA SAPTAK 2.MADHYA SAPTAK 3.TAAR SAPTAK

Flute, Woodwind Instrument The three branches of the woodwind family have different sources of

sound. Vibrations begin when air is blown across the top of an instrument, across a single reed, or across two reeds. Reeds are small

pieces of cane. A single reed is clamped to a mouthpiece at the top of the instrument and vibrates against the mouthpiece when air is blown between the reed and the mouthpiece. Two reeds tied together are

commonly known as a double reed. This double reed fits into a tube at the top of the instrument and vibrates when air is forced between the two

reeds. Originally made of wood, the flute is now made from silver or gold and is

about 2 feet in length. It looks like a narrow tube with a row of holes covered by keys along one side. The player blows air across the small hole in the mouthpiece to produce a sound that can be either soft and mellow

or high and piercing.

V I O L I N• The violin is a bowed string instrument

with four string tuned in perfect fifths.

The word "violin" comes to us through the Romance languages from the Middle Latin word vitula, meaning "stringed instrument";[1] this word may also be the source of the Germanic "fiddle".

• A person who plays the violin is called a violinist or fiddler, and a person who makes or repairs them is called a luthier, or simply a violin maker.

• The mridangam (Tamil: மி�ருதங்கம்) is a percussion instrument from South India. It is the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a Carnatic music ensemble. Alternate spellings include mridanga, mrudangam, mrdangam, mrithangam miruthangam and mirudhangam

TABLA

TABLA IS THE MOST RHYTHMIC INSTRUMENTIN INDIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC.IT HAS TWO PARTS,ONE IS WOODEN AND ANOTHER ONE IS STEEL MADE COVERED WITH NIKIL.

IT IS DIVIDED INTO SIX PARTS>>>

KUBH,DIVAL,DUGGI,LANGOTE,PUDI,GATTE.

This is the name for Indian drums which are usually made from wood with animal-skin covers on top.

TRUMPETTRUMPET

• The trumpet is a musical instrument in the brass family. It has the highest register in the brass section. A musician who plays the trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter. The most common trumpet by far is a transposing instrument pitched in B flat - the note read as middle C sounds as the B flat 2 semitones below - but there are many other trumpets in this family of instruments.

GUITARS ARE RECOGNIZED AS OF THE PRIMARY INSTRUMENTS

IN ROCK AND POP MUSIC.THE TONE IS

PRODUCED BY VIBRATION OF THE

STRINGS AND MODULATED BY THE

HOLLOW BODY OR THEY MAY RELY ON AN

AMPLIFIER THAT CAN ELECTRONICALLY

MANIPULATE TONE.

• Traditionally guitars have usually been constructed of combinations of various woods and strung with animal gut, or more recently, with either nylon or steel strings. Guitars are made and repaired by luthiers.

THE GUITAR IS A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT WITH ANCIENT ROOTS THAT IS USED IN VIDE VARIETY OF MUSICAL STYLES.IT TYPICALLY HAS SIX STRINGS,BUT FOUR,SEVEN,EIGHT,TEN AND TWELVE STRINGS GUITARS EXIST.

SHEHENAI

This instrument is usually played at auspicious events and ceremonies

THIS INSTRUMENT HAS AN APPROXIMATELY CYLINDRICAL BORE AND USES A SINGLE REED.

D R U M Drums consist of at least one

MEMBRANE, called a DRUMHEAD or drum skin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with parts of a player's body, or with some sort of implement such as aDRUMSTIC, to produce SOUND Drums are the world's oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments, and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years.Most drums are considered "untuned instruments", however many modern musicians are beginning to tune drums to songs; A few such as TIMPANI are always tuned to a certain pitch. Often, several drums are arranged together to create a DRUMSET that can be played by a musician.

THE SITAR IS A PLUCKED STRINGED INSTRUMENT.IT USES SYMPATHETIC STRING ALONG WITH A LONG HOLLOW NECK AND A GOURD RESONATING CHAMBER TO PRODUCE A VERY RICH SOUND WITH COMPLEX HARMONIC RESONENCE.PREDOMINATELY USED IN HINDUSTANI CLASSICAL MUSIC.THIS IS THE ONLY INSTRUMENT HAVING MALE AND FEMALE CATEGORY.

• A mandolin is a musical instrument which is plucked, strummed or a combination of both. It is descended from the MANDORA. The most common design as originated in NAPLES, Italy has eight metal strings in four pairs (courses) which are plucked with a PLECTRUM. Variants include four-string (one string per course), six-string (one string per course) as per the MILENISEdesign, twelve-string (three strings per course), and sixteen-string (four string per course). It has a body with a teardrop-shaped soundtable (i.e. face), or one which is essentially oval in shape, with a soundhole, or soundholes, of varying shapes which are open and not latticed.]

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS1. FILL UP THE BLANKS…….

A HARMONIUM HAS ………………SAPTAKS.

2.SITAR,GUITAR AND VOILIN ARE …………………INSRUMENTS.

GIVE TRUE AND FALSE……….

1.SHEHENAI is usually played at auspicious events and ceremonies.( )

2.TABLA is the instrument of western classical music.( )

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER………

1.THE INSTRUMENT WHICH LOOKS SIMILAR TO DHOLAK IS..

1.TABLA 2.MREDANGAM 3.MANDOLIAN

2.THE ONLY INSTRUMENT HAVING MALE AND FEMALE CATEGORY .

1.SITAR 2.GUITAR 3.HARMONIUM

VOTE OF THANKS

THANKS TO ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER

MR.K.V CHAMOLA

EDUCATIONAL OFFICER C.P.MAHAJAN

PRINCIPAL DR.R.K.PUNIA

MICROSOFT TRAINER MR. MANISH KUMAR DAS