Music in the 20 th Century
description
Transcript of Music in the 20 th Century
![Page 1: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Music in the 20th Century
![Page 2: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
20th Century Culture and the Arts Cultural Background Impact on the Arts
![Page 3: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cultural Background
• Technology and Scientific Advancements• Economics• World Conflict• Psychological Research• Age of Diversity, Age of Eclecticism
![Page 4: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Impact on the Arts
• The arts reflected culture’s diversity, eclecticism.
• Artists tended to be of three sorts: those that sought to overthrow the status quo, to shock; those that experimented and seldom perfected; those that combined the two, who honored the past but felt free to move beyond it.
![Page 5: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Visual Arts
• Impressionism
Claude Monet(1840-1926)
French
![Page 6: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Cubism, Surrealism
Pablo Picasso(1881-1973)
Spanish
![Page 8: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Abstract
Wassily Kandinsky(1866-1944)
Russian
![Page 10: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Modernism
Henri Matisse(1869-1954)
French
![Page 12: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Classical Music in the 20th Century
• Music from 1900 to 1950– Musical Elements– Variety of Styles
• Music After 1950
![Page 14: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Music Elements
• Melody– Music relied less on melody– Irregular, unbalanced melodies– Angular, instrumental in conception
• Rhythm– Hallmark – one of the most striking elements– Increasingly complex, irregular meters and
accents, use of polyrhythms
![Page 15: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Harmony– No single accepted harmonic language– New chords: polychord, quartal, tone cluster– Atonality – freedom from a tonal center,
greatly dissonant• Texture
– Homophonic– Renewed interest in polyphony (counterpoint)
![Page 16: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Timbre/Orchestration– Became more important than ever– Trend toward smaller orchestra with a leaner sound
(economics)– Emphasis on percussion– Less emphasis on a blended sound
• Dynamics– Gradual, less extreme
• Form– Divergent
• Genres– Vocal: Mass, Requiem, art song, opera– Instrumental: Symphony, Concerto, String Quartet
![Page 17: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Musical Styles
• Impressionism• Nationalism• Neoclassicism• Expressionism• Serialism• Avant-garde
![Page 18: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Impressionism
• Transition style from late 19th century to early modernism
• Sought to suggest, rather than to define• Impacted by impressionist art and
literature
![Page 19: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Claude Debussy(1862-1918)
French
“Prelude to the Afternoon of a
Faun”
![Page 20: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Nationalism
• Encouraged use of authentic national songs, dances, stories
![Page 21: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Aaron Copland(1900-1990)
American
“Appalachian Spring”
![Page 22: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Neoclassism
• Revived the techniques, forms and musical styles characteristic to Renaissance, Baroque and Classical music
• Introduced 20th century elements of sound within these older styles
![Page 23: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Igor Stravinsky(1882-1971)
Russian
“Rite of Spring”
![Page 24: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Expressionism and Serialism
• Sought to express inner emotions (as opposed to Impressionism)
• Abandoned tonality, used 12-tone scale• Total Serialism
![Page 25: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Arnold Schoenberg(1874-1951)
Austrian/American
“Vorgefühle” from Five Pieces for Orchestra
![Page 26: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Avant Garde
• Sought to overcome years of neglect in the musical elements: timbre and rhythm
• Public often disassociated from this style• Styles: Aleatory (chance), electronic,
multimedia, digital
![Page 27: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Edgard Varese(1883-1965)
French
“Poeme Electronique”
![Page 28: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Classical Music Traditions Since 1950
• Important Influences: women’s movement, economics of composing, computer and digital improvements
• Eclectic, diverse styles: electronic, computer generated, serialism, romantic revival (melodically centered)
![Page 29: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Folk and Popular Styles
• Jazz• Music Theatre• Rock
![Page 30: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Jazz• America’s Musical Art• Major contribution of the Black culture to the contemporary
culture• It was a player’s art.
• Styles:– Ragtime: 1890’s, keyboard, Scott Joplin– Blues: 1920’s, Bessie Smith– New Orleans Dixieland: 1920’s, dance music– Swing: 1930’s, Big Band, Louis Armstrong– Bebop: 1940’s, Miles Davis, Charlie Parker– Cool Jazz: 1950’s, Dave Brubeck– Latin and Soul Jazz: 1960’s and 1970’s– Fusion: 1980’s to Present
![Page 31: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Music Theatre
• Flourished with jazz in the first half of the 20th century
• Maintains a strong presence today• Began with operettas of Gilbert and Sullivan
(England)• Important Composers: George M. Cohan,
Jerome Kern, Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, George Gershwin, Richard Rodgers, Leonard Bernstein, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Stephen Sondheim
![Page 32: Music in the 20 th Century](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062411/5681680d550346895ddd95a9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Rock• Grew from two streams in the 1950’s: white country
music and black rhythm and blues• Huge influence of the black culture• Recording studios of Chicago, St. Louis and New York
were instrumental in the popularization of rock and its importance as a commodity
• 1960’s: British invasion, soul• 1970’s: disco, funk, punk, reggae• 1980’s: new wave, rap• 1990’s: grunge, pop• 2000’s: alternative