Music Theory in Practice, Grade 7 (Music Theory in Practice)
Music F193: Introduction to Music Theory · PDF file23.05.2013 · Music F193:...
Transcript of Music F193: Introduction to Music Theory · PDF file23.05.2013 · Music F193:...
Agenda
• Quiz 2
• Questions
• Test 1
• Review of Units 9-12
• Questions / Homework
2Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Perfect / Major Intervals
• intervals are closely related to scales...
• ...their names come from scale degrees (2nd, 6th, 7th, etc.)
• based on scale degrees, certain intervals – unison (1), 4th, 5th, octave (8) – are called perfect intervals
• these intervals are the same in both major and minor scales; thus, there are no “major 5ths” or “minor 4ths”; they’re just perfect
5Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Perfect / Major Intervals
• a major interval, meanwhile – 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th – takes its interval from the scale degrees of a major scale
• so for example, in the key of C major, a major 6th exists between C and A – the first and sixth scale degrees of the C major scale
• book also mentions diatonic intervals – what happens when the keynote and top note of an interval are from the same major scale – these are major and perfect intervals
6Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Perfect / Major Intervals
• intervals are written with a letter (uppercase or lowercase) and a number: so, a perfect 5th would be P5; a major 6th, M6; and so on
P1 M2 M3 P4 P5 M6 M7 P8
7Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Minor Intervals
• minor intervals are the close cousins of major intervals
• M2, M3, M6, M7, just lowered by a half-step
• note that lowercase letters are used to denote minor intervals
• ...so, m2, m3, m6, m7
8Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Minor Intervals
• examples...
• note that perfect intervals cannot be made either major or minor; explanation why in a moment...
P1 m2 m3 P4 P5 m6 m7 P8
9Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Augmented & Diminished Intervals
• augmented = made larger by a half stepdiminished = made smaller by a half step
• if you’re sharping a sharp or flatting a flat, use a double-sharp or double-flat
• you cannot diminish a P1 (perfect unison), since the distance between the pitches is already zero
• ...but, you can have an augmented unison
10Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Augmented & Diminished Intervals
• when the keynote and upper note of an interval are NOT from the same major scale = chromatic interval
• ...so, chromatic intervals include minor intervals, augmented and diminished
• note that augmented/diminished intervals often sound the same as other types of intervals; they’re augmented or diminished depending on how they’re written
11Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Augmented & Diminished Intervals
• for PERFECT intervals – unisons (1), 4th, 5th, or octave (8) – the order from largest to smallest interval is:
• AUGMENTEDPERFECTDIMINISHED
• for MAJOR intervals – 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th – the order from largest to smallest interval is:
• AUGMENTEDMAJORMINORDIMINISHED
12Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Augmented & Diminished Intervals
• examples of augmented/diminished intervals
dim 6 dim 4 aug 7 dim 8
13Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Solfege
• solfege is system of assigning syllable names to each scale degree
• Do – Re – Mi – Fa – Sol – La – Ti – Do1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
• these syllables apply to any major scale; thus, “Do” can start anywhere – it can move
• thus, we call it moveable Do
14Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Solfege
• moveable Do is in contrast to fixed Do (which you DON’T have to learn!), a system in which each conceivable note (C, C sharp, C flat, etc.) has a slightly different syllable
• but back to moveable Do:
Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do
15Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Transposition
• change a piece of music (melody, key, everything) from one key to another
• this happens constantly, when one artist sings a song in a different key than someone else...
16Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 9: Transposition
• example: “Jingle Bells,” first in C Major, transposed into D Major...
17Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 12: Triads/Chords
• chord: three or more notes, sounding together
• triad: a specific type of chord:
• ROOT, 3rd, 5th
• again, think about scale degrees: 1-3-5
• sounded together, any 1-3-5 combo is a triad
19Wednesday, June 12, 13
Unit 12: Triads/Chords
• triads can be built starting on any scale degree
• the triads built in 1, 4, and 5 (I, IV, V) are what the book calls primary triads
• a triad is called a major triad if it contains the 1st, 3rd, and 5th notes of a major scale
20Wednesday, June 12, 13