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MUSIC OF INDIA
DAY 2
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1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
Tala Ektal: 12-beat cycle
CLAP 2 WAVE
2 CLAP 2
WAVE
2 CLAP 2 CLAP 2
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
Tala Tintal: 16-beat cycle
CLAP 2 4
13 14 15 16
3 CLAP 2 43
WAVE
2 43 CLAP 2 43
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Music by THE BEATLES
LOVE
YOU
TOO
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Tabla
Sitar
Tambura
• Sitar begins with a brief introduction of the notes of the raga-like scale in unmeasured time
• A background drone of Tambura and bass guitar continues throughout
• The Tabla drumbeat enters, establishing a driving metrical pulse of tala-like cycles
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MUSIC OF INDIA
PAKISTAN
AFGHANISTANIRAN
NEPAL
CHINA
PHILIPPINESINDIA
SRI LANKA
BANGLADESH
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• Saffron - for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation
• White - for purity and truth
• Green - for faith and fertility
THE INDIAN FLAG
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• The Indian flag symbolizes freedom and was called a flag not only of freedom for ourselves, but a symbol of freedom for all people by the late Prime Minister Pandit Nehru
• It is a Buddhist symbol dating back to 200th century BC. It intends to show that there is life in movement and death in stagnation.
• The wheel in navy blue indicates the Dharma Chakra, the wheel of law in the Sarnath Lion Capital.
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Prime Minister Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi
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Hinduism • The most dominant religion in India.
Islam Buddhism
Jainism Sikhism
Christianism
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MUSIC OF INDIA
PAKISTAN
AFGHANISTANIRAN
NEPAL
CHINA
PHILIPPINESINDIA
SRI LANKA
BANGLADESH
ISLAM
BUDDHISM
HINDUISM
SOUTH INDIA
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Two Types of Indian Music1.Hindustani Music
2. Carnatic Music
1. – music of Northern India
2. - music of Southern India
• Have foreign influences specially in their musical intruments
• Islamic traditions
• Remained pure, traditional
• Most music are devotional, texts taken from the Vedas
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Elements of Indian Music1. RAG - derived from the Sanskrit "raaga" which means
"color, or passion”
• A generalized form of melodic practice that prescribes set of rules for building a melody resulting in a framework that can be used to compose or improvise, allowing for endless variation within the set of notes.• The melodies of Indian music are based on ragas (in southern India, ragam).
• is a list of the notes that are used in a particular piece of music just like the scales
• also associated with particular moods, specific season and/or time of day
• creating the raga's proper mood is one of the Indian musician's most important tasks.
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Indian Musical Scale
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Do Re Mi Fa Sol La
Ti
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Indian Musical Scale
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Elements of Indian Music
• are organized in long rhythmic cycles called talas (in southern Indian thaalam)
2. TALA
• there are more than 100 different talas• these rhythmic cycles are quite long and complex; the Carnatic tradition in particular includes some of the most complex and sophisticated rhythmic structures of any music tradition.
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1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
Tala Ektal: 12-beat cycle
CLAP 2 WAVE
2 CLAP 2
WAVE
2 CLAP 2 CLAP 2
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
Tala Tintal: 16-beat cycle
CLAP 2 4
13 14 15 16
3 CLAP 2 43
WAVE
2 43 CLAP 2 43
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3. DRONE• unchanging tone or group of
tones against which the melody moves
• Usualy the 1st and 5th
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Basic Structure of Hindustani Instrumental Music
1. ALAP• Exploration of the Rag starting from
the high notes gradually moving towards the low notes
• Is not measured, has no rhythmic element
• Once a regular pulse starts to establish itself, the composition has already reached the Jor.
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Basic Structure of Hindustani Instrumental Music
2. GAT• Precomposed melody that comes in
after the establishment of the Jor
• composition of the Gat has to agree with the Tala that the percussion will employ
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ALAP
JOR
GAT
Raga Ahir Bhairav
Tala: Tintal
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Sitar
BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS
It is a string instrument
prominently used in
Hindustani classical
music. It can be played
solo or in combination
with other instruments.
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Bansuri / Venu
BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTSBansuri is the north
Indian flute that typically has six to
seven holes. It used to be associated only
with folk music, but today it is found in
classical Hindustani. Venu is the south
Indian flute and is used in the Carnatic system. It typically has eight holes and
is very popular in all south Indian styles.
.
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Jaltarang
BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS
It consists of china bowls filled with
water and struck by means of two cane
sticks. Each bowl can be tuned to the
desired frequency by varying the quantity of water in it. These
bowls are placed in a semi - circle
arrangement around the player and
played.
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Tampura
BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS
A four stringed drone instrument
resembling a sitar except it has no frets. The word
"tanpura“ is common in the north, but in
south India it is called "tambura",
"thamboora", "thambura", or
"tamboora". The tanpura is known for its very rich sound.
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Tabla
BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS
It consists of two drums called tabla
and dagga respectively. The
treble drum is generally made of wood and the top is covered with a
stretched skin. The tabla is about 11 inches long while
the dagga is about 10 inches long.
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Pakhawaj
BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS
It is essentially a north Indian version of the mridangam and is the most common north Indian representative of the class of barrel shaped drums known as mridang. It was once common throughout north India, but in the last few generations tabla has usurped its position of importance.
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Mridangam
BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS
It is a South Indian version of the
pakhawaj and bears a strong superficial
resemblance to it but there are major
differences in construction and
technique. The tone of the instrument is
quite different due to differences in construction.
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Instruments typically used in Hindustani music:
1. Sitar 2. Bansuri 3. Sarod 4. Tanpura5. Tabla6. Pakhavaj 7. Surbahar 8. Shehnai 9. Sarangi10.Santoor
Instruments typically used in Carnatic music:
1. Venu2. Mridangam3. Ghatam 4. Violin5. Gottuvadyam6. Harmonium7. Veena8. Kanjira
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Characteristics of Indian Music1. Does not rely on absolute pitch
2. Improvisatory
3. Uses drone
4. Lengthy
5. Finds aesthetic value in nasal sound in vocal music
6. Employs the use of microtones
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