Museum of Computer History Szeged , 19th of September 2014

8th IT STAR WS on History of Computing

History of Computing in the West Balkan Countries

Republic of CroatiaRepublic of Slovenia

Mr.sc Marijan FrkovicCITA, president and National ECDL Coordinator

Museum of Computer HistorySzeged, 19th of September 2014

CROATIAN IT ASSOCIATION (CITA)

CITA (www.hiz.hr) is the umbrella organization of Croatian ICT experts founded in 1975, ever since it has been acting continuously CITA participates in the work of international ICT associations of informatics experts; ITSTAR (www.starbus.org), CEPIS (www.cepis.org) and IFIP (www.ifip.org). CITA has ECDL license (www.ecdl.hr), and license for the certification of professional ICT experts www.eucip.hr) in Croatia..

http://www.starbus.org/

http://www.cepis.org/

http://www.ifip.org/

http://www.ecdl.hr/

http://www.eucip.hr/

CITA AND IT STAR

• Member from 2002

• CITA and IT STAR organized

regional conference on e-business

held in Zagreb on 2010, where it

was opportunity to exchange

experiences of e-business in the

countries of Central and Eastern

Europe (

www.starbus.org/ws5/ws5.htm).

http://www.starbus.org/ws5/ws5.htm

CITA i their Organisation and Forums

Croatian Society for Open Systems and Internet, founded 1992

Croatian ORACLE User Group, founded 1995

Croatian Society of Young Informaticians, founded 1985

Croatian Linux Users Group, founded 1996

Croatian Society of Geographic IS, founded 1994

Croatian Society of SAP, founded 1996

Croatian Society of ECDL test, founded 2003

Marijan Frkovic, CV

Active in informatics for more than 46 years having spent 24 years in a large steel company (13.000 employees) and 18 years in Croatian Chamber of Commerce 1968 - Programmer (UNIVAC 1004) II-nd generation, with external programing 1970 - Programmer and system analist (UNIVAC 1106) 1975 - Main system programmer and DB administrator 1982 - Project department leader 1983 - Computer centre director 1986 - Member of the Business Board of Stell Corporation for informatics (UNISYS 1100/72) 1992 - Director of Informatics department in Croatian Chamber of Commerce (UNISYS 80) 1993 - Member of the WG in ICC Paris for development World Chambers Network ( result 10.000 Chambers on the Net, Worldwide) 2005 - Member of the WG in ICC Paris for development e-business 2010 - Retired 1994 – 2002 President of CITA 2002 – 2011 Vice president and National ECDL coordinator 2011 – President of CITA

Balkan CountriesWest Balkans Countries

History of Computing in the former Yugoslavia

There were no political barriers to

import computer equipment from the

West, which significantly influenced

faster development of information

systems and professional trainings of

computer programmers.

Countries of the former Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia - Open computers market

Open market had a negative

influence on the development of

computing in Croatia because users

were buying computers mainly from

abroad.

Installed computers in the Yugoslavia, 1988

Computer Total Very Small Small Medium LargeAPPLE 337 337 _ _ _ALEGON-QUME 400 400 _ _ _BULL 4 _ 4 _ _BURROUGHS 533 181 291 59 2BUNKER RAMO 199 199 _ _ _BYTRONIX 1 1 _ _ _CBM 4 4 _ _ _CDC 21 12 8 _ 1COMPUTER 1 1 _ _ _COMMODORE 622 601 18 3 _CONTROL 7 5 _ _ 2CII 4 _ 4 _ _CROMEMCO 18 16 2 _ DARO 62 59 3 _ _DATA GENERAL 1 _ 1 _ _DEC 29 1 14 11 3DFE 1 1 _ _ _DIGISET 1 1 _ _ _DIGITAL 189 41 69 74 5DIGITRON BUJE 7 6 1 _ _EI HONEYWELL 460 319 114 15 12EI NIS 13 13 _ _ _EI KIENZLE 159 139 17 3 _ELWRO 3 2 1 _ _EMOK 8 _ 5 3 _EPSON 51 51 _ _ _

Very small - up to 10.000 $Smal l- 10.000 – 50.000 $Medium - 50.000 – 500.000 $Large - more than 500.000 $


Total Very small Small Medium LargeFUJITSU 31 5 14 11 1GENERAL 2 1 1 _ _GCS 2 1 1 _ _HELWETT PACKARD 552 418 106 27 1HITACHI 1 1 _ _ _HONEYWELL 198 35 129 23 11HUGIN 9 9 _ _ _IBM 8447 7699 410 233 105ICL 182 49 110 15 8INFOREX 17 12 1 4 _INFOSISTEM 15 15 _ _ _IRIS 209 197 12 _ _ISKRA 1759 1146 306 303 4IVASIM 217 217 _ _ _JAVOR BITOLA 35 30 5 _ _KIENZLE 229 159 66 4 _KOPA 37 18 16 3 _LITTON 1 1 _ _ _LOGABAX 3 3 _ _ _MEAL 67 58 9 _ _MAI 15 14 _ 1 _MDS 388 355 18 15 _MERA 16 15 1 _ _MICOS 25 1 24 _ _


Total Very small Small Medium Large

MRI 2 2 _ _ _NCR 303 200 76 26 1NIXDORF 43 18 22 3 _NOVKABEL 48 5 42 1 _OLIVETTI 1113 1037 75 _ _ORIC NOVA 35 30 5 _ _PEL VARAZDIN 65 65 _ _ _PERTEC 6 4 2 _ _PHILIPS 28 28 _ _ _RAVI 5 5 _ _ _RGB 402 399 3 _ _ROBOTRON 91 86 3 2 _RUF 15 15 _ _ _RIZ 140 135 4 1 _SDP 1 _ 1 _ _SIMENS 1 1 _ _ _SINGER 3 2 _ 1 _SPERRY 353 300 27 16 20TEHNICAR 188 188 _ _ _TEKTRONIX 11 3 8 _ _TIM 280 237 36 7 _TOVARNA MERIL KOPA 10 6 3 1 _TRIUMPH-ADLER 13 13 _ _ _TRS 226 213 13 _ _


Total Very small Small Medium LargeUNIVAC 32 7 8 13 4VARIAN 7 1 6 _ _VIDEOTON 34 11 20 3 _WANG 14 11 3 _ _OTHERS 822 744 63 14 1Total

Source: Yugoslav IT Association, 1989


Republic Number of Computers %

Slovenia 9,400 47,27

Croatia 5,682 28,60

Serbia 3,565 17,92

Bosnia&Herzegovina 769 3,86

Macedonia 409 2,05

Montenegro 55 0,27

Total 19,883 100,00

Source: Yugoslav IT Association, 1989

Installed computers in Croatia in the 1985th to 1989th

Year Very small Small Medium Large

1985 1566 1025 104 22

1987 4098 3154 129 48

1988 5020 3857 166 51

1989 6582 5300 2010 72

Source: Croatian IT Association, 1990


On the begining, computer used in nuclear instituts for atomic weapons research.No data about it..

Instituts

Vinca, Beograd Serbia, 1948

Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb Croatia, 1949

Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana Slovenia, 1949


The history of computing in in the

former Yugoslavia can be divided into

three periods: before 1965s, 1965s to

1975s, and after 1975s.

History of Computing in the former Croatia – Before 1965

The development and manufacture of

computers started in 1948 when

Computing machinery factory Zagreb

– (TRS ) was set up, the first of its

kind in Croatia. At the beginning, the

factory produced mechanical

computers.

History of Computing in Croatia - Before 1965

First digital computer in Croatia, 1959

Initiator and the one who built the first

digital computer in Croatia was a

Croatian scientist, the doyen of

computer science, both in Croatia and

worldwide, professor Branko Soucek,

Professor Branko Soucek, PhD

Institut "Rudjer Boskovic„ Zagreb,

Beginning of computer science development in Croatia.

First digital computer in Croatia, 1959

First computer called "256-channel

analyzer, memory, logics and

programs": based on vacuum tubes,

the magnetic cores memory, speed

of million cycles p/s, which was

incredible at that time.

Cathode tube was used as an output

unit to display the data.

Croatia - Before 1965

Business computer

• Usage of computers and the development of IS started it was based mainly on imported equipment.

• Due to high price, only large organizations could buy computers.

• Although the equipment had limited capacity, highly trained staff could develop complete applications, thus compensating for limited capacities.

UNIVAC 1004/USA

Croatia - Before 1965

Characteristics

• Plug-board programmed, punched card data introduced in 1962, core memory 961 characters (6 bits)

Peripherals• card reader (400 cards/minute),

card punch (200 cards/minute) using 90-column, cards

• drum printer (400 lines/minute)

• Plug-board

UNIVAC 1004

http://www.vintchip.com/mainframe/UNIVAC1004/PLUGBOARD.jpeg

http://www.vintchip.com/mainframe/UNIVAC1004/1004-FRONT.JPG

Croatia - From 1965 to 1975

Unfortunately

Unfortunately, we were young and we

did not think that this equipment

should be preserved.

This (large size) computers and all

equipment used later (large scale

computers) ended up in the

steelworks.

Steelworks


Local production

• During 1968 , the first electronic calculator with optical display was developed.

• The calculator was based on 100 10-component integrated circuits produced in the factory RIZ in Croatia.

• At that time, there were no LSI or VLSI-chips in the world, as well as integrated circuits of high and very high degree of integration.

Calculators


Colaboration with Slovenia

TRS collaborated with the company

MDS and Metalka from Ljubljana in the

production of 711 series computers as

well as with the company IBM in the

production of Series i and System 1,

equipped with peripherals from

Croatia, intended for use in economy,

schools, railway and others.

System 1


3rd generation

• real time applications, ,

communication systems,

• databases,

• multiprogramming, which enabled,

the faster processing units and

larger storage of external

memories, the development of IIS

UNIVAC 1106/USA


4rd generation

• Main companies were IBM,

UNIVAC, ICL, Burroughs , BULL

GAMMA, Honeywell, PDP and

others.

UNIVAC 1100/72


During 1974 there was an idea that the development of

computer equipment production in Croatia can progress in

collaboration with only foreign partner - technologically

developed and well off.

Therefore, in 1976 the Government of the Republic of

Croatia supported this initiative, so the Government

contacted the companies ICL and SPERRY UNIVAC.


In other parts of Yugoslavia the contacts were established as well,

• Slovenia with Philips,

• Serbia with Olivetti and Rockwell,

• Bosnia and Herzegovina with NCR and Olympia


New studies Computer science and Digital computers

• In 1970 at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Faculty

(FEE) of Science Zagreb were the first in Croatia introduced

new study for undergraduate students in the 3rd and 4th year

of the study: Computer science, and for the postgraduate study

• 1970 introduced new college: Digital computers, too

After 1975

Local Production

• Couple of Croatian companies that produce the equipment for process management in telephone exchange, CAD CAM systems and graphics workstation, personal computers and peripherals (printers, cash registers, video terminals, discs) etc.

• With open market, production of hardware in Croatia developed more slowly.

After 1975

• In Croatia there were leading foreign manufacturers of computer

equipment, IBM, SPERRY UNIVAC ( UNISYS) and others, who

continued their work by installing computers of great capacities,

• Developing IS with the support of highly trained croatian experts,

which later resulted, after 1990 in establishing private IT companies

that positioned well in the foreign market.

After 1975

• Development of Croatian software and network accelerated, as

result

• Well educated of ICT professionals

• Possibilities of buying hardware and software from abroad

• Possibilities of more productive collaboration with the foreign

• partners.

After 1975

Croatia could not compete with the world in the development of

hardware and system software, but the experience and knowledge

of our experts used in the development of application software

Museum of the old small computers and ITopened 2007

PEEK&POKE Club/Computer museum Rijeka

Several hundred computers and more than the thousand calculators

Very early calculators and game consoles to rare and obsolete computers from the nineties.

Still had survived

A Brief History of Computing in Slovenia

• Overview

• Before 1965

• 1965 to 1975

• After 1975

• Present

Slovenia - Before 1965

Computers are a new phenomenon with a poor understanding of their potential worldwide

The same is true of Slovenia of that era

Main calculating aids were electromechanical devices and slide rule

However -

There was an awareness that electronic computers might be useful in scientific and technical domain.

As a result, Zuse 23 computer has been bought and installed as early as 1962.

Its usage:- Physics- - statistics- - extensive calculations in engineering (e.g. statics)

However, it was still in function in 1967 and deployed to calculate score in

1967 European Figure Skating Championship in Ljubljana

Slovenia - 1965 to 1975

Highlights

In the world computers are recognized as a tool to enhance efficiency and productivity of commercial companies.

Computers are recognized as a useful tool in public administration

In Slovenia

Major computer companies are represented:

UNIVAC, National Cash Register, RCA, General Electric, Control Data Corporation, Honeywell, Burroughs, Digital Equipment Corporation, Olivetti and more

First IBM Training Centre is established in Radovljica

Major companies and administrative bodies start to establish data processing departments

No own production of computers or peripherals yet.

Slovenia - After 1975

Highlights

Computers are here to stay as inevitable tools in all industries and activities

Minicomputers start taking over the role of mainframes

New concepts in computing:- distributed computing- cooperative computing- client – server scheme- computer networks

In Slovenia

Iskra Delta is established

Development of Triglav/Trident – a most advanced personal computer of the time

Start of “own“ production - Delta 340

Development of IBM-compatible application programs

However

In the late 1980s Iskra Delta dissolved, end of Slovenian computer production

Slovenia - Present

Highlights

Ubiquitous computer and computing

Internet

Intelligent devices

Mobile computing

Social networks

Massive data processing

Need of computer skills recognized

In Slovenia

No own computer production

Thousands of companies active in software development and providing related services

Niche software products

Bottom line: not to produce or own, but use intelligently

Thank you

• Marijan Frkovic• Croatian IT Association

Prezident• e-mail: [email protected]• 10000 Zagreb, Ilica 191e• CROATIA• www.hiz.hr, www.ecdl.hr

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.hiz.hr/

http://www.ecdl.hr/

Museum of Computer History Szeged , 19th of September 2014

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Transcript of Museum of Computer History Szeged , 19th of September 2014