Name: __________________________ Class: _____________________ Date: _____________________

Muscular System Study Guide

Be able to label each of the following muscles: Frontalis, temporalis, orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus, orbicularis oris, masseter, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, deltoid, biceps brachii, rectus abdominis, external oblique, serratus anterior, adductor longus, gracilis, sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, fibularis longus, soleus, tibialis anterior.

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Name: ___________________________ Class: ______________________ Date: ____________________

Be able to label each of the following muscles: Trapezius, deltoid, triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi, external oblique, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semtendinosus, gastrocnemius, soleus.

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Name: ___________________________ Class: ______________________ Date: ____________________

Be able to label each of the following muscles: Frontalis, temporalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, zygomaticus, masseter, buccinators, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

Be able to label each of the following muscles: Trapezius, infraspinatus, deltoid, triceps brachii, teres major, serratus anterior

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Name: ___________________________ Class: ______________________ Date: ____________________

Be able to label each of the following muscles: Deltoid, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, serratus anterior, brachioradialis, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris.

Be able to label each of the following muscles: Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, sartorius, gracilis, tensor fascia latae, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, gastrocnemius, soleus.

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Name: ___________________________ Class: ______________________ Date: ____________________

Vocabulary1. Motor Neuron –

2. Sarcolemma –

3. T-Tubules –

4. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum -

5. Acetylcholine –

6. Hypertrophy –

7. Atrophy –

8. Origin –

9. Insertion –

10. Flexion –

11. Extension –

12. Hyperextension –

13. Adduction –

14. Abduction –

15. Elevation –

16. Depression -

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Name: ___________________________ Class: ______________________ Date: ____________________

Short AnswerBe able to answer questions similar to these.

17. Which of the three types of muscle tissue is voluntary?

18. Motor neurons release acetylcholine to stimulate muscles to contract. What happens to the acetylcholine when the nerve signal stops and the muscle needs to relax?

19. How is the nerve signal sent to every muscle fiber simultaneously?

20. Which electrolyte is especially important in muscle contractions?

21. The diagram below illustrates a muscle fiber before contraction:

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Name: ___________________________ Class: ______________________ Date: ____________________

…and after contraction:

Explain what happens with the actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments) to cause this change.

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Name: ___________________________ Class: ______________________ Date: ____________________

22. Label the myofibril, muscle, muscle fiber, and fascicle on the diagram below.

23. Name the connective tissue covering each of these structures:

Muscle –

Fascicle –

Muscle Fiber (cell) -

24. Describe all of the steps required in a muscle contraction, beginning with the motor neuron.

25. Why do muscles appear to bulge and become physically larger when contracted?

26. What three factors influence how long a muscle can contract?

27. What is the difference between ATP and ADP?

28. Explain what the muscle is doing in terms of ATP, glucose, mitochondria, creatine, glycogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

a. Resting

b. Moderate Activity

c. Intense Activity

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Name: ___________________________ Class: ______________________ Date: ____________________

29. Why is relying on glycolysis not a desirable way to produce ATP in muscles?

30. For each of the types of muscle fiber, explain what type of activity it is best suited for, and how specifically it is designed differently to do this.

31. Fill out the chart of muscle disorders below:

Disorder Cause Symptoms / Effects

Polio Virus Destroys motor neurons, causing paralysis.

Muscular Dystrophy

Curare

Tetanus

Botulism

32. Why are muscle cells unable to divide by mitosis?

33. What is the relationship between a muscle twitch, summation, incomplete tetanus, and complete tetanus?

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Name: ___________________________ Class: ______________________ Date: ____________________

Muscle Movement

Frontalis

Eyelid movement – blinking, etc.

Buccinator

Zygomaticus

Chewing and elevating the mandible.

Opening and closing the lips

Sternocleidomastoid

Pectoralis major

Flexes the trunk; Aids in childbirth and defecation.

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Raises and lowers the scapula, such as in shrugging.

Flexes the arm at the elbow.

Extends the arm at the elbow.

Deltoid

Latissimus dorsi

Infraspinatus

Adducts the humerus with t he latissimus dorsi.

Extends the wrist (2 muscles)

Extends the fingers.

Flexes the forearm.

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Name: ___________________________ Class: ______________________ Date: ____________________

Muscle Movement

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Flexes the leg at the knee.

Flexes the leg at the knee.

Flexes the leg at the knee.

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Extends the leg at the knee.

Extends the leg at the knee.

Extends the leg at the knee.

Extends the leg at the knee.

Used while checking your shoe to see if you stepped in something.

Flexes the foot.

Fibularis muscles

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