FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE Dr. Abdelrahman Mustafa LECTUERER, Physiology.
Muscle Physiology and Anatomy “The Last Chapter”!.
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Transcript of Muscle Physiology and Anatomy “The Last Chapter”!.
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Muscle Physiology and Muscle Physiology and AnatomyAnatomy
“The Last Chapter”!
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ASSIGNMENTASSIGNMENT
Read Pages 7:152-170Answer: Content Review –
page 191Questions: 1-11
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“Gross” Anatomy Requirements Identify 20 Major MusclesFor Exam: Know 3 Muscles (of
the 20 major muscles) Origin: Most stable attachment
Insertion: Most mobile attachment Action: What movement(s) Exercise specific for that muscle
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Example:Example:Biceps Brachii (p. 181):
Origin: Scapula, Superior to glenoid fossa, and coracoid process
Insertion: Radial TuberosityAction: Flex and supinate
arm and forearmExercise: Curls
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Other “Gross” TermsOther “Gross” Terms
Prime Mover: The major muscle in a movement
Synergist: “Helpers”Antagonists: “Opposers”Fixators: Stabilizing the
proximal joint
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Functions: Muscular Functions: Muscular SystemSystem
MovementPostureRespirationCirculationProduce HeatCommunication
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Characteristics of Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle TissueSkeletal Muscle TissueContractility: Shorten with force Excitability: Respond to stimulusExtensibility: Limited
stretch”ability”Elasticity: Recoil to resting length
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Three Types of Muscle Three Types of Muscle TissueTissueSmooth: Found in walls of
hollow organs, blood vessels and glands
Cardiac: Heart muscleSkeletal: Attached to bone* Compared by striations,
shape, control, nuclei and function
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Striations: “Stripes”Striations: “Stripes”
Skeletal: YESSmooth: NOCardiac: YES
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Shape and NucleusShape and NucleusSkeletal: Long
cylinder “fiber”Smooth:
“spindle shape”Cardiac:
Branched
Multiple, peripheral
Single, central
Single, central
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Control and Autorhythmicity
Skeletal: Voluntary- NO
Smooth: Involuntary- YES
Cardiac: Involuntary-YES
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Muscle StructureMuscle Structure
Connective Tissue: Epimysium (Fascia) wraps muscle, Perimysium wraps fascicles, and endomysium wraps muscle fibers
Bundles of Bundles: Muscle ->fascicles->fibers->myofibrils-> myofilaments
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Muscle Cell (Fiber) Muscle Cell (Fiber) StructureStructureSarcomeres: The real contractile
elements of muscle cellsMyofilaments: Thick (myosin) and
Thin (actin, troponin, tropomyosin) overlap to create the “striations” visible in the microscope
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Muscle Cell StructureMuscle Cell StructureNuclei: Multiple (many fused cells),
peripheralMitochondria: Many, near
sarcomeresTransverse Tubules, Terminal
Cisternae: Internal extension of cell membrane – Action Potential transmission
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Excitable TissuesNervous and MuscularRespond to stimulus -
transmitting electrical signalSpecial quality of membrane
proteins: pumps and channels
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Resting Potential
Outside is More Positive than Inside
K+: Inside > Outside
Na+: Out > In
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Excitable Cells: It’s All Excitable Cells: It’s All About Membranes!About Membranes!
Membrane channels and Pumps keep Na+ OUT: This makes the
inside RELATIVELY Negative:
Resting (waiting) Membrane PotentialResting Membrane
Potential = -70 mV
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DepoloarizationDepoloarization
Rapid Charge reversal when stimulated
Na+ channels open - flooding inside with Na+
K+ channels close
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Time: msec
MembranePotential(inside)
mV
-65
TH
0
Depolarization
RMP
Threshold voltage
Na+ Channels Open
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RepolarizationRepolarization
Na+ Channels closeK+ channels reopenCharge separation returns to
resting values: Na+/K+ Pumps “kick out” leaking Na+
Inside becomes negative again
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mV
Time
Repolarization
Na channels CLOSEK channels OPENK moves OUT
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Action Potential FACTS:Action Potential FACTS:
All or None PrincipleRefractory Period: During
“recovery” from AP, cell cannot be re-stimulated
Conduction along membrane is like “dominos”
Entire Cell Depolarizes
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Action PotentialAction Potential
The “Domino Effect” of depolarization along an entire cell membrane
Includes Depolarization and Repolarization to reestablish the Resting Potential
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And Now: “Interactive And Now: “Interactive PhysiologyPhysiology
Muscle Cell Anatomy
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Have a Nice Week!Have a Nice Week!
Quiz on Tuesday