Quiz Questions

Dr. John Carr

1. Coliform mastitis in sows is a result of:

a. Endotoxic effects of bacterial septicemiab. Bacterial colonization and tissue necrosis

following ascending infectionc. Serotype-specific Klebsiella pneumoniaec. Serotype-specific Klebsiella pneumoniae

endotoxemia and septicemiad. Endotoxic effects of ascending localized

infection from a variety of coliform bacteriae. Endotoxemia secondary to diet-induced

gastrointestinal stasis and constipation

1. Answer

d. Bacterial colonization is not involved, noris K. pneumoniae endotoxemia serotypespecific.

2. Therapy for acute coliform mastitis insows might logically include any of the

following except:

a. Penicillinb. Prednisolonec. Flunixinc. Flunixind. Glucose and electrolytes for the pigletse. Oxytocin

2. Answer

a. Coliform bacteria are not sensitive topenicillin.

3. Concerning swine erysipelas,which statement is most accurate?

a. Soil is the most important reservoir for thecausal organism.

b. Over 30% of healthy animals harbor the causalorganism in lymphoid tissue.

c. Both modified-live and killed bacterinsc. Both modified-live and killed bacterinseffectively prevent chronic erysipelas arthritis.

d. Vegetative endocarditis is a pathognomonicpostmortem finding in acute swine erysipelas.

e. Sulfonamides and aminoglycosides are mosteffective in chronic erysipelas therapy.

3. Answer

b. Chronic forms of erysipelas are notprevented with vaccine and are notresponsive to therapy. Endocarditis is achronic sequela and may be due to otherchronic sequela and may be due to otheragents as well.

4. Concerning swine erysipelas,which statement is most accurate?

a. It is characterized by proliferative, nonsuppurativesynovitis; penicillin provides effective treatment.

b. It is characterized by degenerative, suppurativeosteoarthritis; erysipelas antiserum and dipyrone areeffective.

c. It is characterized by vegetative endocarditis andc. It is characterized by vegetative endocarditis andproliferative synovitis; prednisolone and gentamicin areeffective.

d. It is characterized by fibrinous tenosynovitis andosteomalacia; there is no practical treatment.

e. It is characterized by unilateral coxofemoralsuppurative osteoarthritis; surgical drainage iseffective.

4. Answer

a. It does not involve bone, and penicillintherapy is effective.

5. Osteoporosis with pathologicfractures:

a. Occurs primarily in fast-growing castrates at 6months of age

b. Is primarily due to dietary calcium deficiency inlactation diets

c. Is most prevalent to young, heavily lactatingc. Is most prevalent to young, heavily lactatingsows following weaning

d. Is a breed- and age-specific problem in agessows of the white breeds.

e. Can be avoided by maintaning a 2:1 ratio ofphosphorus to calcium in all swine diets.

5. Answer

c. The recommended calcium tophosphorus ratio is from 1.2:1 to 1.5:1. Itis not associated with any one breed. It isnot related solely to calcium. It is rare innot related solely to calcium. It is rare ingrowing pigs.

6. Excessive salt in swine dietsmay result in:

a. Meningitis caused by sodium intoxicationb. Decreased feed consumptionc. Ascites and hypochloremiad. Renal calculid. Renal calculie. Chronic diarrhea

6. Answer

b. It can cause encephalitis, not meningitis.The other answers listed are notassociated with salt.

7. Mulberry heart disease:

a. Is limited to pigs on diets containing more than12% fat.

b. Is a peracute oxidative crisis with primarycardiac and hepatic lesions

c. Is precipitated by encephalomyocarditisc. Is precipitated by encephalomyocarditisinfection enzootic in the sow herd

d. Results in congestive heart failure inchronically affected animals

e. Is a component of porcine malignanthypothermia syndrome

7. Answer

b. Fat levels never reach 12% in diets. Nochronic form is recognized. The otherchoices listed are not associated withmulberry heart disease.mulberry heart disease.

8. Rectal prolapse can be repaired butcarries certain risks. Concerning this

surgery, which statement is most accurate?

a. Replacement and retention with a purse-stringmay lead to tenesmus and abortion.

b. Insertion of a tube into the rectum with arubber band may cause rectal stricture.

c. Clostridial infections and gangrene are oftenfatal side effects of rectal prolapse.

d. All methods of repair may lead to rectalstricture.

e. Vaginal prolapse is a common sequela ofrectal prolapse repair.

8. Answer

d. Postoperative rectal stricture is apossible sequela.

9. Necropsy of a 9-week-old pig reveals afibrinopurulent exudate on the liver and heart. The

most likely causes of this finding are:

a. Salmonella septicemia and Mycoplasmahyorhinis infection

b. Haemophilus parasuis and M. hyorhinisinfectionsinfections

c. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (Haemophilusparahaemolyticus) and Mycoplasmahyosynoviae infections

d. Bacterial septicemia and aflatoxicosise. M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae infections

9. Answer

b. Fibrin is not present with Salmonellasepticemia and aflatoxicosis. The piglet’s age is not consistent with M. hyosynoviaeinfection.infection.

10. Which internal parasite of swine is mostlikely to cause hematochezia?

a. Eimeriab. Oesophagostomumc. Trichurisd. Ascarisd. Ascarise. Balantidium coli

10. Answer

c. The other parasites listed do not causeblood in the stool.

11. Perirenal edema on necropsy ofrecently purchased, pastured feeder pigs is

most suggestive of:

a. Stephanurus infectionb. Peracute edema diseasec. Amaranthus toxicityc. Amaranthus toxicityd. Phytolaca toxicitye. Carbamate toxicity

11. Answer

c. This finding is seen with pigweed(oxalate) toxicity.

12. In normal, fertile boars, the volume ofthe sperm-rich portion of an ejaculate is:

a. 2 to 10 ml in boars of all agesb. Over 750 ml in boars of all agesc. 25 to 50 ml in young boarsd. Over 125 ml in mature boarsd. Over 125 ml in mature boarse. Related to gel-fraction volume and

unrelated to fertility

12. Answer

d. The normal range is 70 to 150 ml inyoung boars and over 125 ml in matureboars.

13. In swine, prostaglandin is noteffective in:

a. Inducing abortionb. Stimulating libido in boarsc. Synchronizing estrusd. Synchronizing parturitiond. Synchronizing parturitione. Terminating pseudopregnancy

13. Answer

c. Prostaglandin does not induceluteinization until 12 or more days afterovulation.

14. As you stand in a damp, hot, poorly ventilated nurserybarn, you recall that environmental conditions may markedlyaffect the transmission and expression of swine respiratory

conditions. Considering the poor ventilation, you tell theowner that he should install several fans to:

a. Remove animal-generated heat from thebarn

b. Remove toxic gases, especially ammonia,b. Remove toxic gases, especially ammonia,from the barn

c. Pull needed oxygen into the barnd. Remove water-laden air from the barne. Prevent accumulation of carbon dioxide and

carbon monoxide in the barn

14. Answer

d. The primary purpose of exhaust fans is toremove water-laden air.

15. At what age do pigs developthe ability to produce antibodies?

a. As fetuses, at about day 70 of gestationb. At birthc. 3 to 5 days after birthd. 2 weeks after birthd. 2 weeks after birthe. As embryos, during the first month of

embryonic life

15. Answer

a. Immunocompetence develops at 70 daysof gestation, though in the absence ofantigenic stimulation in utero (the normalcase) piglets are born without antibody.case) piglets are born without antibody.

16. How do pigs normally acquirepassive immunity?

a. Through the placenta before birthb. Through vaccination with an inactivated

vaccine in the first few months of lifec. Through absorption of maternalc. Through absorption of maternal

antibodies in colostrum as neonatesd. Through vaccination with a live vaccine

in the first few months of lifee. Through ingestion of the sow’s feces as

neonates

16. Answer

c. There is no transfer of antibody acrossthe placenta. The other methods listed donot produce passive immunity.

17. Which of the following is most likely tocause a sow to abort her entire litter?

a. Treatment with dexamethasone between30 and 40 days of gestation

b. Ovariectomyc. Death of two out of 10 fetusesc. Death of two out of 10 fetusesd. Death of five out of 10 fertilized eggse. Death of three out of 10 embryos

17. Answer

b. Maintenance of pregnancy istotally dependent on an intactcorpus luteum in the ovaries.Death of the fetuses withoutDeath of the fetuses withoutplacentitis and resultantprostaglandin release doesnot cause abortion.Corticosteroids are relativelyineffective in inducingabortion in pigs.

18. Paratyphoid nodules areassociated with what disease of swine?

a. Proliferative enteritisb. Salt poisoningc. Swine dysenteryd. Salmonellosisd. Salmonellosise. Intestinal tuberculosis

18. Answer

d. Paratyphoid nodules in the liver areclusters of histiocytes amid foci of acutecoagulative hepatocellular necrosiscaused by salmonellae.caused by salmonellae.

19. In 1-day-old piglets diarrhea that isnonhemorrhagic and produces no obvious

lesions at necropsy is most likely caused by:a. Cocidiosisb. Overnutrition (milk scours)c. Escherichia coli infectiond. Cold environmentd. Cold environmente. Rotaviral infection

19. Answer

c. The signs described are typical of E. coliinfections. Coccidiosis produces visiblegut lesions and does not occur until 5 daysof age. Rotavirus infections cause villusatrophy and are less common at 1 day ofatrophy and are less common at 1 day ofage. Overnutrition is unlikely at 1 day ofage and in piglets nursing naturally (asopposed to those given milk replacer).Cold per se does not cause scours, but itdoes reduce piglet resistance.

20. In 5-day-old piglets antimicrobials arevery effective in treatment of:

a. Colibacillosis complicated by rotaviralinfection

b. Infection with Lelystad virus (porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome)reproductive and respiratory syndrome)

c. Coccidiosisd. Acute clostridial enteritise. Acute transmissible gastroenteritis

20. Answer

a. The primary viral diseases listed are notresponsive to antimicrobial treatment.There is no effective treatment forcoccidiosis or clostridial infection.coccidiosis or clostridial infection.Colibacillosis generally responds toantibacterial treatment.

21. Which skin disease isassociated with high mortality?

a. Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis infestationb. Pityriasis roseac. Staphylococcus hyicus infectiond. Swine pox infectiond. Swine pox infectione. dermatomycosis

21. Answer

c. Greasy pig disease causes mortality of20% to 80%.

22. What is the etiologic agent inGlasser’s disease?

a. Streptococcus suis type IIb. Haemophilus parasuisc. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaed. Haemophilus somnusd. Haemophilus somnuse. Actinobacillus suis

22. Answer

b. H. parasuiscauses Glasser’s disease

23. The species responsible for mostof the diseases observed in swine is:

a. Escherichia colib. Homo sapiensc. Bordetella bronchisepticad. Actinomyces pyogenesd. Actinomyces pyogenese. Pasteurella multocida

23. Answer

b. Inappropriate management (housing,environment, nutrition, scheduling)produces conditions under which theprevalence of disease increases.prevalence of disease increases.

24. Which of the following is not azoonotic disease?

a. Pseudorabiesb. Erysipelasc. Brucellosisd. Salmonellosisd. Salmonellosise. Streptococcus suis type II infection

24. Answer

a. Humans cannot contract pseudorabiesfrom infected pigs.

25. In swine, death of all of the embryos onday 10 after fertilization results in:

a. Delayed return to estrusb. Pseudopregnancyc. Return to estrus at a regular intervald. Endometritis and anestrusd. Endometritis and anestruse. Cystic ovaries and nymphomania

25. Answer

c. Before embryo implantation at day 13 to15, the effect of embryonic death is similarto that seen with no fertilized ova.

26. Which disease is mostcommon in newborn piglets?

a. Hypoglycemiab. Iron deficiencyc. Streptococcal meningitisd. Middle ear infectiond. Middle ear infectione. Congenital tremors

26. Answer

e. The other conditions listed require time todevelop.

27. Salmonella choleraesuisinfection is:

a. Identical to disease caused by Salmonella typhimuriumand cannot be distinguished except by isolation of theorganism

b. Asymptomatic in swine but poses a major health threatto people working with affected pigs

c. Mainly expressed as an enteric infection, whereas S.c. Mainly expressed as an enteric infection, whereas S.typhimurium infection is typically expressed assepticemia

d. Primarily spread to susceptible swine throughingestion of poorly cooked garbage

e. Likely to produce septicemia and pneumonia

27. Answer

e. S. typhimurium infection is primarily anenteric disease whereas S. choleraesuisinfection is a serious, potentiallydevastating, systemic disease of swine.devastating, systemic disease of swine.

28. In a swine herd the prevalence ofdisease X is 10%. If the test to detect

disease X has 90% sensitivity and 80%specificity, what percentage of the pigs inthis herd will react positively when tested?

a. 20%a. 20%b. 27%c. 10%d. 8%e. 15%

28. Answer

b. Sensitivity is the probability of detecting apositive animal. Specificity is the probability ofdetecting a known negative. In this herd of 100pigs, there are 90 true negative and 10 truepositive animals (10% prevalence). Of the 10positive animals (10% prevalence). Of the 10true positives, nine will be detected as positive(90% sensitivity with one false negative) and 72of the true negatives will be detected (80%specificity, 18 false positives), for a total of 27positives.

28. CalcuationFrom 100 animals tested

Prevalence(10%) Positives + Negatives (-)

Actual 10 90True positives detected

Sensitivity 9 1Sensitivity 9 1True negatives detected

Specificity 18 72Apparent results 27 73

29. Concerning hairballs (trichobezoars) inswine, which statement is most accurate?

a. Hairballs do not occur in swine because pigsare unable to groom themselves.

b. Hairballs are common in swine and are readilypassed through the gastrointestinal tract andexcreted in the manure.excreted in the manure.

c. Hairballs are most commonly found in youngor nursing piglets.

d. Most hairballs are not actually composed ofhair, but usually of plant fibers derived from thefeed.

e. Hairballs occasionally cause death in swine.

29. Answer

e. Hairballs form in pigs that ingestquantities of hair, usually during floorfeeding (typical practice with olderanimals), and may produce metabolicanimals), and may produce metabolicimbalances through vomiting, irritation ofthe gastric mucosa, and ulceration.

30. Which pathogen survives for theshortest time in the environment?

a. Transmissible gastroenteritis virusb. Brachyspira hyodysenteriaec. Pasteurella multocidad. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaed. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaee. Porcine parvovirus

30. Answer

d. Transmissible gastroenteritisvirus can survive for up to a yearat -4 F. B. hyodysenteriae cansurvive for 2 months in lagoonsurvive for 2 months in lagoonwaste. P. multocida can survivefor a few weeks, porcineparvovirus for several months,and Actinobacillus for only a fewdays if protected by mucus orother organic material.

31. The following table listsreproductive performance by parity.

Parity % of littersLive pigsper litter

Stillbornper litter

Mummiesper litter

1 25 9.7 0.50 0.6

2 17 9.0 0.41 0.42 17 9.0 0.41 0.4

3 16 10.0 0.53 0.3

4 14 11.2 0.58 0.4

5 11 11.0 0.78 0.2

6 8 10.8 1.00 0.1

7+ 9 10.4 1.20 0.2

31. What is your interpretation ofthe data?

a. Inadequate nutrition of replacement giltsb. Poor genetic reproductive traitsc. Parvoviral infectiond. Too many old sows in the herdd. Too many old sows in the herde. Weaning too early

31. Answer

a. Second-parity females usually produce0.5 pig per litter more than first-paritysows. However, in highly productive F1lines of sows that are bred young and notlines of sows that are bred young and notfed adequately in gestation/lactation, bodycondition drops so that at weaning the sowis in a negative energy balance andovulates fewer eggs.

32. Concerning atrophic rhinitis,which statement is most accurate?

a. Toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida type A arethe bacteria most commonly associated with severe,progressive atrophic rhinitis.

b. Toxigenic strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica arerequired for initiation of lesions in the nasal turbinates.

c. Toxins produced by strains of P. multocida type Ac. Toxins produced by strains of P. multocida type Adiffuse only locally into underlying tissue, whereastoxins produced by strains of P. multocida type D maycirculate systemically.

d. Dietary calcium-phosphorus imbalance is aprerequisite to bacterial colonization of the nasalmucosa.

e. Toxigenic strains of P. multocida type D have poorability to colonize the nasal mucosa.

32. Answer

e. Infection with P. multocida requirescompromise of the nasal mucosa toeffectively colonize that tissue, such asdamage caused by primary B.damage caused by primary B.bronchiseptica infection or exposure toirritating gases.

33. The best indication of coliformmastitis in sows is:

a. A positive California mastitis test on milkfrom two or more glands,

b. Presence of bacteria in milkc. High somatic cell counts in milkc. High somatic cell counts in milkd. Starvation and hypoglycemia in pigletse. Udder heat, pain, and reddening

33. Answer

e. Sows normally have bacteria in their milk(>20,000 colony-forming units/ml milk) andsomatic cell counts over 4,000,000cells/ml milk. Starvation may be due tocells/ml milk. Starvation may be due toother factors, such as poor pen design andchilling.

34. Infection of the sow during the first halfof gestation with porcine parvovirus may

lead to:a. Fetal death and mummification,

prolonged gestation, and failure tofarrow.

b. Fever and anorexia in sows for 7 to 10b. Fever and anorexia in sows for 7 to 10days, with occasional vomiting

c. Congenital anomalies to pigletsd. Fetal resorption, with regular return to

estruse. Abortion in nearly all infected sows

34. Answera. No developmental anomalies

have been reported. Abortion isuncommon. If there is increasedstillbirth of piglets, it is because ofthe effect of littermates that diedthe effect of littermates that diedduring gestation. This prolongsgestation and/or the farrowinginterval. Sows are subclinicallyaffected and do not showsystemic signs of illness.

35. Concerning castration in pigs,which statement is least accurate?

a. The scrotal incisions should be made asventral as possible to allow for drainage.

b. General anesthesia is necessary for castrationof older boars.

c. If an inguinal hernia is encountered, it is notc. If an inguinal hernia is encountered, it is notadvisable to repair the apparently uninvolvedside as with the herniated side.

d. Young pigs are best restrained by suspensionby the hind legs for routine castration.

e. Pigs tolerate surgical gut suture material betterthan do other species.

35. Answer

c. Both the herniated and normal sidesshould be repaired or the intestines mayherniate.

36. Farm presents with increasedmortality in growing pigs with wasting

•Which of the following is correct•a. These symptoms occur in PCVAD•b. PCVII is often associated with these•b. PCVII is often associated with these

symptoms•c. Enlarged lymphnodes are associated

with this condition•d. This condition is often associated with

PDNS•e. All of the above

36. Answer

•E. All of the above.