Munich, Bavaria, Germany

8/10/2019 Munich, Bavaria, Germany

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Munich

For other uses of Munich or Mnchen, see Munich(disambiguation).

Munich (/mjunk/; German: Mnchen , pronounced[mnn] ( ),[2] Bavarian: Minga) the capital andlargest city of the German state of Bavaria, on the RiverIsar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the thirdlargest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, witha population of around 1.47 million.[3]

The name of the city is derived from the Old High Ger-man term Munichen , meaning by the monks. It de-rives from the monks of the Benedictine order who rana monastery at the place that was later to become the OldTown of Munich; hence the monk depicted on the cityscoat of arms. Munich was rst mentioned in 1158. From1255 the city was seat of the Bavarian Dukes. Black andgold the colours of the Holy Roman Empire havebeen the citys official colours since the time of Ludwigthe Bavarian, when it was an imperial residence. Fol-lowing a nal reunication of the Wittelsbachian Duchyof Bavaria, previously divided and sub-divided for morethan 200 years, the town became the countrys sole capi-tal in 1506. Catholic Munich was one cultural strongholdof the Counter-Reformation and a political point of di-vergence during the resulting Thirty Years War, but re-mained physically untouched despite an occupation bythe Protestant Swedes; the townsfolk would rather openthe gates of their beautiful town than risk siege and al-most inevitable destruction. Like wide parts of the HolyRoman Empire, the area recovered slowly economically.Having evolved froma duchys capital into that of an elec-torate (1623), and later a sovereignkingdom(1806), Mu-nich has been a centre of arts, culture and science sincethe early 19th century. The city became the Nazi move-

ments infamous Hauptstadt der Bewegung (lit.: Capitalof the movement), andafter post-war reconstruction wasthe host city of the 1972 Summer Olympics.Munich is home to many national and international au-thorities, major universities, major museums and the-aters. Its numerousarchitectural attractions, internationalsports events, exhibitions, conferences and Oktoberfestattract considerable tourism.[4] Since 2006, the citysmotto has been "Mnchen mag dich " (Munich lovesyou).[5] Munich is a traffic hub with excellent interna-tional, national and local connections, running a fast andreliable public transport system. It is a centre of nance,

publishing and advanced technologies. Munich is one ofthe most prosperous and fastest growing cities in Ger-many, and the seat of numerous corporations and insur-

ance companies. It is a top-ranked destination for migra-tion and expatriate location, despite being the municipal-ity with the highest density of population (4.500 inh. perkm) in Germany. Munich achieved fourth place in thefrequently quoted Mercer livability rankings in 2011[6]and 2012.[7] For economic and social innovation, the citywas ranked 15th globally out of 289 cities in 2010, and5th in Germanyby the2thinknow Innovation Cities Indexbased on analysis of 162 indicators.[8] In 2013, Monocleranked Munich as the worlds most livable city with the

highest quality of life.[9]

1 History

Main articles: History of Munich and Timeline of Mu-nich

Munich city coat of arms

1.1 Origin as medieval town

The year 1158 is assumed to be the foundation date,which is the earliest date the city is mentioned in a docu-ment. The document was signed in Augsburg.[10] By thattime the Guelph Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony andBavaria, had built a bridge over the river Isar next to asettlement of Benedictine monksthis was on the OldSalt Route and a toll bridge.

In 1175, Munich was officially granted city status andreceived fortication. In 1180, with the trial of Henrythe Lion, Otto I Wittelsbach became Duke of Bavaria

1
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2 1 HISTORY

and Munich was handed over to the Bishop of Freising.(Wittelsbachs heirs, the Wittelsbach dynasty, would ruleBavaria until 1918.) In 1240, Munich was transferredto Otto II Wittelsbach and in 1255, when the Duchy ofBavaria was split in two, Munich became the ducal resi-dence of Upper Bavaria.Duke Louis IV was elected German king in 1314 andcrowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328. He strength-ened the citys position by granting it the salt monopoly,thus assuring it of additional income. In the late 15thcentury Munich underwent a revival of gothic artsthe Old Town Hall was enlarged, and Munichs largestgothic church, now a cathedralthe Frauenkircheconstructed in only twenty years, starting in 1468.

1.2 Capital of reunited Bavaria

Marienplatz , Munich about 1650

When Bavaria was reunited in 1506, Munich became itscapital. The arts and politics became increasingly in-uenced by the court (see Orlando di Lasso, HeinrichSchuetz and later Mozart and Richard Wagner). Dur-ing the 16th century Munich was a centre of the Germancounter reformation, and also of renaissance arts. DukeWilhelm V commissioned the Jesuit Michaelskirche,which became a centre for the counter-reformation, andalso built the Hofbruhaus for brewing brown beer in

1589. The Catholic League was founded in Munich in1609. In 1623 during the Thirty Years War Munich be-came electoral residence when Maximilian I, Duke ofBavaria was invested with the electoral dignity but in1632 the city was occupied by Gustav II Adolph of Swe-den. When the bubonic plague broke out in 1634 and1635 about one third of the population died. Under theregency of the Bavarian electors Munich was an impor-tant centre of baroque life but also had to suffer underHabsburg occupations in 1704 and 1742.In 1806, the city became the capital of the new Kingdomof Bavaria, with the states parliament (the Landtag ) and

the new archdiocese of Munich and Freising being lo-cated in the city. Twenty years later Landshut Universitywas moved to Munich. Many of the citys nest buildings

Banners with the colours of Munich (left) and Bavaria (right)with the Frauenkirche in the background

belong to this period and were built under the rst threeBavarian kings. Later Prince Regent Luitpolds years asregent were marked by tremendous artistic and culturalactivity in Munich (see Franz von Stuck and Der BlaueReiter).

1.3 World War I to World War II

Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, life inMunich became very difficult, as the Allied blockade ofGermany led to food and fuel shortages. During French

air raids in 1916, three bombs fell on Munich. AfterWorld War I, the city was at the centre of much politi-cal unrest. In November 1918 on the eve of revolution,Ludwig III and his family ed the city. After the murderof the rst republican premier of Bavaria Kurt Eisner inFebruary 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, theBavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. When Com-munists had taken power,Lenin, who had lived inMunichsome years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, butthe Soviet Republic was put down on 3 May 1919 by theFreikorps. While therepublicangovernment hadbeen re-stored, Munich subsequently became a hotbed of extrem-ist politics, among which Adolf Hitler and the NationalSocialism rose to prominence.In 1923 Hitler and his supporters, who were then concen-
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1.4 Postwar 3

Bombing damage to the Altstadt. Note the rooess and pock-marked Altes Rathaus looking up the Tal. The rooess Heilig-Geist-Kirche is on the right of the photo. Its spire, without thecopper top, is behind the church. The Talbruck gate tower is

missing completely.

trated in Munich, staged the Beer Hall Putsch, an attemptto overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize power. Therevolt failed, resulting in Hitlers arrest and the temporarycrippling of the Nazi Party, which was virtually unknownoutside Munich.The city once again became a Nazi stronghold whenthe National Socialists took power in Germany in 1933.The National Socialist Workers Party created their rstconcentration camp at Dachau, 10 miles (16 kilometres)

north-west of the city. Because of its importance to therise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as theHauptstadt der Bewegung (Capital of the Movement).The NSDAP headquarters was in Munich and manyFhrerbauten ("Fhrer -buildings) were built around theKnigsplatz, some of which have survived to this day.The city is known as the site of the culmination of thepolicy of appeasement employed by Britain and Franceleading up to World War II. It was in Munich that BritishPrime Minister Neville Chamberlain assented to the an-nexation of Czechoslovakias Sudetenland region intoGreater Germany in the hopes of sating the desires ofHitlers Third Reich.Munich was the base of the White Rose, a studentresistance movement from June 1942 to February 1943.The core members were arrested and executed followinga distribution of leaets in Munich University by Hansand Sophie Scholl.The city was heavily damaged by allied bombing duringWorld War II the city was hit by 71 air raids over aperiod of ve years.

1.4 Postwar

After US occupation in 1945, Munich was completelyrebuilt following a meticulous and by comparison to

BMW Welt

The inner city (2013).

other war-ravaged West German cities rather conser-vative plan which preserved its pre-war street grid. In

1957 Munichs population passed the 1 million mark.Munich was the site of the 1972 Summer Olympics, dur-ing which Israeliathleteswere assassinated byPalestinianfedayeenin theMunichmassacre, whengunmenfrom thePalestinian "Black September" group took hostage mem-bers of the Israeli Olympic team.Most Munich residents enjoy a high quality of life. Mer-cer HR Consulting consistently rates the city among thetop 10 cities with the highest quality of life worldwide a 2011 survey ranked Munich as 4th.[11] The same com-pany also ranks Munich as the worlds 39th most expen-sive city to live in and the most expensive major city in

Germany.[12] Munich enjoys a thriving economy, drivenby the information technology, biotechnology, and pub-lishing sectors. Environmental pollution is low, althoughas of 2006 the city council is concerned about levels ofparticulate matter (PM), especially along the citys ma-jor thoroughfares. Since the enactment of EU legislationconcerning the concentration of particulate in the air, en-vironmental groups such as Greenpeace have staged largeprotest rallies to urge the city council and the State gov-ernment to take a harder stance on pollution.[13]

Today, the crime rate is low compared with other largeGerman cities, such as Hamburg or Berlin. For its high

quality of life and safety the city has been nicknamed"Toytown" among the English-speaking residents. Ger-man inhabitants call it Millionendorf, an expression
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4 3 DEMOGRAPHICS

which means village of a million people.

2 Geography

Munich: View from the Englischer Garten

Munich lies on the elevated plains of Upper Bavaria,about 50 km (31.07 mi) north of the northern edge of theAlps, at an altitude of about 520 m (1,706.04 ft) ASL.The local rivers are the Isar and the Wrm. Munich issituated in the Northern Alpine Foreland. The northernpart of this sandy plateau includes a highly fertile intarea which is no longer affected by the folding processesfound in the Alps, while the southern part is covered withmorainic hills. Between these are elds of uvio-glacialout-wash, such as around Munich. Wherever these de-posits get thinner, the ground water can permeate thegravel surface and ood the area, leading to marshes asin the north of Munich.

2.1 Climate

Munichs climate is classied in the Kppen classicationas Cfb (Oceanic).The warmest month of the year, on average, is July. Thecoolest month of the year, on average, is January.Showers and thunderstorms bring the highest averagemonthly precipitation totals in late spring and throughoutthe summer. June, on average, records the most precip-itation of any month. The winter months tend to bringlower precipitation, on average, and February averagesthe least amount of monthly precipitation for the year.The higher elevation of Munich and the proximity of theAlps play a signicant role on the climate, causing thecity to have more rain and snow than many other parts ofGermany. The Alps affect thecitys climate in other waystoo: the warm downhill wind from the Alps (fhn wind),which can raise temperatures sharply within a few hourseven in the winter is but one example.Being at the center of Europe, Munich is subject to manyclimatic inuences, so that weather conditions there aremore variable than in other European towns, especiallythose further west and south of the AlpsAt Munichs official weather station, the highest and low-

est temperatures evermeasured are37.1 C, on13 August2003, and 30.5 C, on 21 January 1942.

3 Demographics

Main article: Population Growth of Munich

In July 2007, Munich had 1.34 million inhabitants;300,129 of those did not hold German citizenship.The city has strong Turkish and Balkan communi-ties. The largest groups of foreign nationals wereTurks (43,309), Albanians (30,385), Croats (24,866),Serbs(24,439),Greeks(22,486),Austrians(21,411), andItalians (20,847). 37% of foreign nationals come fromthe European Union.From only 24,000 inhabitants in 1700, the populationdoubled about every 30 years. For example, it had100,000 people in1852 andthen 250,000 people in1883;by 1901, the gure had doubled again to 500,000. Sincethen, Munich has become Germanys third largest city.In 1933, 840,901 inhabitants were counted and in 1957,Munichs population passed the 1 million mark.

Munich: St. Lukas and River Isar

49.3% of Munichs residents are not affiliated with anyreligious group, and this ratio represents the fastest grow-ingsegment of thepopulation. As in therest of Germany,the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches have expe-

rienced a continuous, slow decline in their memberships.As of 31 December 2010, 36.8% of the citys inhabi-tants were Roman Catholic, 13.6% Protestant, and 0.3%
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5

Jewish.[16] There is also a small Old Catholic parish andan English-speakingparish of theEpiscopalChurchinthecity.[17] There are also a signicant number of Muslimsliving in Munich.

4 Politics

Munichs current mayor is Dieter Reiter of the SocialDemocratic Party of Germany. Munich has been gov-erned by the SPD for all but six years since 1948. Thisis remarkable because Bavariaand particularly south-ern Bavariahas long been a conservative stronghold,with the Christian Social Union winning absolute majori-ties among the Bavarian electorate in many elections atthe communal, state, and federal levels, and leading theBavarian state government for all but three years since1946. Bavarias second most populous city, Nuremberg,is also one of the very few Bavarian cities governed by aSPD-led coalition.As the capital of the Free State of Bavaria, Munich isan important political centre in Germany and the seat oftheBavarian StateParliament, theStaatskanzlei (the StateChancellery) and of all state departments.Several national and international authorities are locatedin Munich, including the Federal Finance Court of Ger-many and the European Patent Office.

5 SubdivisionsMain article: Boroughs of MunichSince the administrative reform in 1992, Munich is di-

Munichs Boroughs

vided into 25 boroughs or Stadtbezirke .Allach-Untermenzing (23), Altstadt-Lehel (1),Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied (22), Au-Haidhausen

(5), Berg am Laim (14), Bogenhausen (13),Feldmoching-Hasenbergl (24), Hadern (20), Laim(25), Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt (2), Maxvorstadt

(3), Milbertshofen-Am Hart (11), Moosach (10),Neuhausen-Nymphenburg (9), Obergiesing (17),Pasing-Obermenzing (21), Ramersdorf-Perlach (16),Schwabing-Freimann (12), Schwabing-West (4),Schwanthalerhhe (8), Sendling (6), Sendling-Westpark(7), Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Frstenried-Solln (19), Trudering-Riem (15) and Untergiesing-Harlaching (18).

6 Architecture

Main article: Architecture of MunichThe city is a mix of historic buildings and modern archi-

The New Town Hall and Marienplatz

Frauenkirche

tecture, Munich having reconstructed the ruins of theirhistoric buildings while creating new landmarks of ar-chitecture. A survey, conducted by the Societys Center

for Sustainable Destinations for the National GeographicTraveler, chose over 100 historic places around the worldand ranked Munich as the 30th best destination.[18]
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6 6 ARCHITECTURE

Viktualienmarkt with the Alten Rathaus

6.1 Inner city

At the centre of the city is the Marienplatz a large opensquare named after the Mariensule, a Marian columnin its centrewith the Old and the New Town Hall. Itstower contains the Rathaus-Glockenspiel . Three gates ofthe demolished medieval fortication have survived tothis daythe Isartor in the east, the Sendlinger Tor in thesouth and the Karlstor in the west of the inner city. TheKarlstor leads up to the Stachus , a grand square domi-nated by the Justizpalast (Palace of Justice) and a foun-tain.

Bavarian National Museum

The Peterskirche close to Marienplatz is the oldest churchof the inner city. It was rst built during the Romanesqueperiod, and was the focus of the early monastic set-tlement in Munich before the citys official foundationin 1158. Nearby St. Peter the Gothic hall-churchHeiliggeistkirche (The Church of theHoly Spirit) was con-verted to baroque style from 1724 onwards and looksdown upon theViktualienmarkt, themost popular marketof Munich.The Frauenkirche is the most famous building in the citycentre and serves as the cathedral for the Archdioceseof Munich and Freising. The nearby Michaelskircheis the largest renaissance church north of the Alps,while the Theatinerkirche is a basilica in Italianate highbaroque which had a major inuence on Southern Ger-man baroque architecture. Its dome dominates theOdeonsplatz. Other baroque churches in the inner citywhich are worth a detour are the Brgersaalkirche , theDreifaltigkeitskirche , the St. Anna Damenstiftskirche andSt. Anna im Lehel , the rst rococo church in Bavaria.The Asamkirche was endowed and built by the BrothersAsam, pioneering artists of the rococo period.The large Residenz palace complex (begun in 1385) onthe edge of Munichs Old Town ranks among Europesmost signicant museums of interior decoration. Havingundergone several extensions, it contains also the treasuryand the splendid rococo Cuvillis Theatre . Next door totheResidenz theneo-classical opera, theNational Theatrewas erected. Among the baroque and neoclassical man-sions which still exist in Munich are the Palais Porcia , thePalais Preysing , the Palais Holnstein and the Prinz-Carl-Palais . All mansions are situated close to the Residenz,same as the Alte Hof , a medieval castle and rst residenceof the Wittelsbach dukes in Munich.The inner city has been recreated[19] in the virtual worldof Second Lifeand can bevisited for a virtual sight seeingtour.

6.2 Royal avenues and squares

Ludwigstrasse from above, Highlight Towers in the background

Four grand royal avenues of the 19th century with mag-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highlight_Towershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigstra%C3%9Fe_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Lifehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alter_Hofhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinz-Carl-Palaishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinz-Carl-Palaishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Holnsteinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Preysinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Porciahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Theatre_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuvilli%C3%A9s_Theatrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schatzkammerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Residenzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmas_Damian_Asamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asamkirche,_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rococohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parish_Church_of_St._Anna_(Lehel,_Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Anna_Damenstiftskirche_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCrgersaalkirche_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odeonsplatzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatine_Church,_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Michael%2527s_Church,_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Munich_and_Freisinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Munich_and_Freisinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Frauenkirchehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktualienmarkthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiliggeistkirche_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanesque_architecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%2527s_Church,_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_National_Museumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justizpalast_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlsplatz_(Stachus)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlstorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendlinger_Torhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isartorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rathaus-Glockenspielhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Town_Hall,_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columnshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marienplatz


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6.3 Other boroughs 7

nicent official buildings connect Munichs inner citywith the suburbs:The neoclassical Briennerstrasse , starting at Odeonsplatzon the northern fringe of the Old Town close to the Res-idenz, runs from east to west and opens into the impres-

sive Knigsplatz , designed with the "Doric" Propylen ,the"Ionic" Glyptothek andthe"Corinthian" State Museumof Classical Art , on its back side St. Bonifaces Abbeywas erected. The area around Knigsplatz is home to theKunstareal, Munichs gallery and museum quarter (as de-scribed below).Ludwigstrasse also begins at Odeonsplatz and runsfrom south to north, skirting the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt , the St. Louis church , the Bavarian State Li-brary and numerous state ministries and palaces. Thesouthern part of the avenue was constructed in Italian re-naissance style while the north is strongly inuenced by

Italian Romanesque architecture.

Maximilianeum

The neo-Gothic Maximilianstrae starts at Max-Joseph-Platz , where the Residenz and the National Theatre aresituated, and runs from west to east. The avenue isframedbyneo-Gothic buildingswhichhouse, among oth-ers, the Schauspielhaus and the Building of the district government of Upper Bavaria and the Museum of Eth-nology. After crossing the river Isar, the avenue cir-cles the Maximilianeum , home of the state parliament.The western portion of Maximilianstrae is known forits designer shops, luxury boutiques, jewellery stores, andone of Munichs foremost ve-star hotels, the Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten .

Prinzregentenstrasse runs parallel to Maximilianstraeand begins at Prinz-Carl-Palais . Many museums can befound along the avenue, such as the Haus der Kunst , theBavarian National Museum and the Schackgalerie . Theavenue crosses theIsar andcircles theFriedensengel mon-ument passing the Villa Stuck and Hitlers old apartment.The Prinzregententheater is at Prinzregentenplatz furtherto the east.

Nymphenburg Palace

6.3 Other boroughs

Two large baroque palaces in Nymphenburg and Ober-schleissheim are reminders of Bavarias royal past.Schloss Nymphenburg (Nymphenburg Palace ),some 6 km(4 mi) north west of the city centre, is surrounded by animpressive park and is considered to be one of Europes

most beautiful royal residences. 2 km (1 mi)north west ofNymphenburg Palace is Schloss Blutenburg (BlutenburgCastle), an old ducal country seat with a late-Gothicpalace church. Schloss Frstenried (Frstenried Palace ),a baroque palace of similar structure to Nymphenburgbut of much smaller size, was erected around the sametime in the south west of Munich. The second largebaroque residence is Schloss Schleissheim (SchleissheimPalace ), located in the suburb of Oberschleissheim, apalace complex encompassing three separate residences:Altes Schloss Schleissheim (the old palace), Neues Schloss Schleissheim (the new palace) and Schloss Lustheim (Lus-theim Palace). Most parts of the palace complex serveas museums and art galleries. Deutsches Museum'sFlugwerft Schleissheim ight exhibition centre is locatednearby, on the Schleissheim Special Landing Field. TheBavaria statue before the neo-classical Ruhmeshalle isa monumental, bronze sand-cast 19th-century statue atTheresienwiese. The Grnwald castle is the only me-dieval castle in the Munich area which still exisists.

St Michael in Berg am Laim might be the most remark-able church out of the inner city. Most of the boroughshave parish churches which originate from the MiddleAges like the most famous church of pilgrimage in Mu-nich St Mary in Ramersdorf . The oldest church withinthe city borders is Heilig Kreuz in Frttmaning next to theAllianz-Arena, known for its Romanesque fresco. Espe-cially in its suburbs, Munich features a wide and diversearray of modern architecture, although strict culturallysensitive height limitations for buildings have limited theconstruction of skyscrapers to avoid a loss of views tothe distant Bavarian Alps. Most high-rise buildings areclustered at the northern edge of Munich in the skyline,like the Hypo-Haus , the Arabella High-Rise Building , theHighlight Towers , Uptown Munich , Mnchner Tor and theBMW Headquarters next to the Olympic Park. Severalother high-rise buildings are located near the city centre

and on the Siemens campus in southern Munich. A land-mark of modern Munich is also the architecture of thesport stadiums (as described below).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich#Sportshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemenshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Headquartershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uptown_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highlight_Towershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabella_High-Rise_Buildinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypo-Haushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mary%2527s_Church,_Ramersdorfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Michael_in_Berg_am_Laim_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnwald_castlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresienwiesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhmeshalle_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavaria_statuehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_Museumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberschlei%C3%9Fheimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleissheim_Palacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleissheim_Palacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCrstenried_Palacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blutenburg_Castlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blutenburg_Castlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphenburg_Palacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphenburg_Palacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinzregententheaterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schackgaleriehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_National_Museumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haus_der_Kunsthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinz-Carl-Palaishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinzregentenstra%C3%9Fe_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landtag_of_Bavariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilianeumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Museum_of_Ethnologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Museum_of_Ethnologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Kammerspielehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max-Joseph-Platzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max-Joseph-Platzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilianstra%C3%9Fe_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilianeumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_State_Libraryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_State_Libraryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigskirche_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigstra%C3%9Fe_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich#Museumshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstarealhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Boniface%2527s_Abbey,_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatliche_Antikensammlungenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatliche_Antikensammlungenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthian_orderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyptothekhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_orderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylaea_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_orderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsplatz,_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odeonsplatzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brienner_Stra%C3%9Fe_(Munich)


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8 7 SPORTS

BMW Headquarters

In Fasangarten is the former McGraw Kaserne, a formerU.S. army base, near Stadelheim Prison.

6.4 Parks

Hofgarten with the dome of the state chancellery near theResidenz

Munich is a green city with numerous parks. TheEnglischer Garten , close to the city centre and coveringan area of 3.7 km2 (1.4 sq mi) (larger than Central Parkin New York), is one of the worlds largest urban pub-lic parks, and contains a nudist area, jogging tracks and

bridle-paths. It was designed and laid out by BenjaminThompson, Count of Rumford, for both pleasure and asa work area for the citys vagrants and homeless. Nowa-

days it is entirely a park with multiple Biergartens, themost well known at the Chinese Pagoda.Other large green spaces are the modern Olympiapark ,Westpark , and the parks of Nymphenburg Palace (withthe Botanischer Garten Mnchen-Nymphenburg to the

north), and Schleissheim Palace. The citys oldest parkis the Hofgarten , near the Residenz, and dating back tothe 16th century. Best known for the largest beergardenin the town is the former royal Hirschgarten , founded in1780 for deer which still live there.The citys zoo is the Tierpark Hellabrunn near theFlaucher Island in the Isar in the south of the city.Another notable park is Ostpark, located in Perlach-Ramersdorf area which houses the swimming area,Michaelibad , one of the largest in Munich.

7 Sports

Main article: Sports in Munich

Allianz Arena , the home stadium of Bayern Munich and 1860Munich

7.1 Football

Main article: Football in Munich

Munich is home to several professional football teams in-cluding Bayern Munich, Germanys most successful cluband a multiple UEFA Champions League winner. TheMunich area currently has three clubs: Bayern Munich,

1860MunichandSpVggUnterhachingin theBundesliga,2. Bundesliga, and 3. Liga respectively, which are the topthree leagues in the German football league system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_football_league_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._Ligahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._Bundesligahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesligahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpVgg_Unterhachinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSV_1860_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Bayern_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_Leaguehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Bayern_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_footballhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_in_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSV_1860_M%C3%BCnchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSV_1860_M%C3%BCnchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Bayern_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allianz_Arenahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierpark_Hellabrunnhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofgarten_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleissheim_Palacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanischer_Garten_M%C3%BCnchen-Nymphenburghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphenburg_Palacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westpark_(Munich)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiapark,_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englischer_Garten#Chinesischer_Turmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_gardenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Thompsonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Thompsonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englischer_Gartenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Residenzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadelheim_Prisonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGraw_Kasernehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW


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10 8 CULTURE

other importantmuseum in theKunstarealistheEgyptianMuseum .The famous gothic Morris dancers of Erasmus Grasserareexhibited in theMunich City Museum in the old gothicarsenal building in the inner city.

Another area for the arts next to the Kunstareal is theLehel quarter between the old town and the river Isar:The Museum Five Continents in Maximilianstrae is thesecond largest collection in Germany of artifacts and ob-jects from outside Europe, while the Bavarian National Museum and the adjoining Bavarian State Archaeological Collection in Prinzregentenstrasse rank among Europesmajor art and cultural history museums. The nearbySchackgalerie is an important gallery of German 19th-century paintings.The former Dachau concentration camp is 16 km (10 mi)outside the city.

8.3 Arts and literature

Munich is a major European cultural centre and hasplayed host to many prominent composers includingOrlando di Lasso, W.A. Mozart, Carl Maria von Weber,Richard Wagner, Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, MaxReger and Carl Orff. With the Munich Biennale foundedby Hans Werner Henze, and the A*DEvantgarde festival,the city still contributes to modern music theatre.

National Theatre

The Nationaltheater where several of Richard Wagnersoperashad their premieresunder thepatronageofLudwigII of Bavaria is the home of the Bavarian State Operaand the Bavarian State Orchestra. Next door the mod-ern Residenz Theatre was erected in the building thathad housed the Cuvillis Theatre before World War II.Many operaswere stagedthere, including thepremiere ofMozarts Idomeneo in 1781. The Grtnerplatz Theatreis a ballet and musical state theatre while another operahouse the Prinzregententheater has become the home of

the Bavarian TheatreAcademy. The modernGasteig cen-terhouses theMunichPhilharmonic Orchestra. The thirdorchestra in Munich with international importance is the

Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. Its primary con-cert venue is the Herkulesaal in the former city royal res-idence, the Residenz. A stage for shows, big events andmusicals is the Deutsche Theater . It is Germanys largesttheatre for guest performances.

The Golden Friedensengel

Next to the Bavarian Staatsschauspiel in the ResidenzTheatre (Residenztheater), the Munich Kammerspiele inthe Schauspielhaus is one of the most important Germanlanguage theatres in the world. Since Gotthold EphraimLessing's premieres in 1775 many important writers havestaged their plays in Munich such as Christian FriedrichHebbel, Henrik Ibsen and Hugo von Hofmannsthal.The city is known as the second largest publishing center

in the world (around 250 publishing houses have officesin the city), and many national and international publica-tions are published in Munich, such as Arts in Munich,LAXMag and Prinz.Prominent literary gures worked in Munich especiallyduring the nal centuries of the Kingdom of Bavaria suchasPaul Heyse, Max Halbe, Rainer Maria RilkeandFrankWedekind. The period immediately before World War Isaw economic and cultural prominence for the city. Mu-nich, and especially its suburb of Schwabing, became thedomicile of many artists andwriters. Thomas Mann, whoalso livedthere, wrote ironically inhisnovellaGladius Dei about this period, Munich shone. It remained a centreof cultural life duringtheWeimarperiod with gures suchas Lion Feuchtwanger, Bertolt Brecht and Oskar MariaGraf. In 1919 the Bavaria Film Studios were founded.From the Gothic to the Baroque era, the ne arts wererepresented in Munich by artists like Erasmus Grasser,Jan Polack, Johann Baptist Straub, Ignaz Gnther, HansKrumpper, Ludwig von Schwanthaler, Cosmas DamianAsam, Egid Quirin Asam, Johann Baptist Zimmer-mann, Johann Michael Fischer and Franois de Cuvil-lis. Munich had already become an important place forpainters like Carl Rottmann, Lovis Corinth, Wilhelm von

Kaulbach, Carl Spitzweg, Franz von Lenbach, Franz vonStuck and Wilhelm Leibl when Der Blaue Reiter (TheBlue Rider), a group of expressionist artists, was estab-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Leiblhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Stuckhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Stuckhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_von_Lenbachhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Spitzweghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Kaulbachhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Kaulbachhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovis_Corinthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rottmannhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Cuvilli%C3%A9shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Cuvilli%C3%A9shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Michael_Fischerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Zimmermannhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Zimmermannhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egid_Quirin_Asamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmas_Damian_Asamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmas_Damian_Asamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Michael_Schwanthalerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Krumpperhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Krumpperhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_G%C3%BCntherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Straubhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Polackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus_Grasserhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavaria_Film_Studioshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Maria_Grafhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Maria_Grafhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertolt_Brechthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_Feuchtwangerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Mannhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwabinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Wedekindhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Wedekindhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilkehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Halbehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Johann_Ludwig_von_Heysehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_von_Hofmannsthalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Ibsenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Hebbelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Hebbelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Kammerspielehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_Theater_M%C3%BCnchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_Radio_Symphony_Orchestrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Philharmonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasteighttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinzregententheaterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatstheater_am_G%C3%A4rtnerplatzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozarthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuvilli%C3%A9s_Theatrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residenz_Theatrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_State_Orchestrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_State_Operahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_II_of_Bavariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_II_of_Bavariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Wagnerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Theatre_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Theatre_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*Devantgardehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Werner_Henzehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Biennalehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Orffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Regerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Regerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Strausshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahlerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Wagnerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozarthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlande_de_Lassushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schackgaleriehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_State_Archaeological_Collectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_State_Archaeological_Collectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_National_Museumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_National_Museumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Five_Continentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altstadt-Lehelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Stadtmuseumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus_Grasserhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_dancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatliche_Sammlung_f%C3%BCr_%C3%84gyptische_Kunsthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatliche_Sammlung_f%C3%BCr_%C3%84gyptische_Kunsthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstareal


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8.5 Culinary specialities 11

lished in Munich in 1911. The city was home to the BlueRiders painters Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Alexejvon Jawlensky, Gabriele Mnter, Franz Marc, AugustMacke and Alfred Kubin.

8.4 Hofbruhaus and Oktoberfest

Main article: OktoberfestThe Hofbruhaus am Platzl, arguably the most famous

Hofbruhaus

Oktoberfest (2003)

beer hall worldwide, is located in the city centre. It alsooperates the second largest tent at the Oktoberfest, oneof Munichs most famous attractions. For two weeks, theOktoberfest attracts millions of people visiting its beertents (Bierzelte) and fairground attractions. The Okto-berfest was rstheldon 12 October 1810 in honour of themarriage of crown prince Ludwig to Princess Therese ofSaxe-Hildburghausen. The festivities were closed with ahorse race and in the following years the horse races werecontinued and later developed into what is now knownas the Oktoberfest. Despite its name, most of Oktober-

fest occurs in September. It always nishes on the rstSunday in October unless the German national holidayon 3 October (Tag der deutschen Einheit"-Day of Ger-

man Unity) is a Monday or Tuesday-then the Oktoberfestremains open for these days.

8.5 Culinary specialities

Weisswrste with ser Senf (sweet mustard ) and a Brezel (Pret- zel)

The Weiwurst ('white sausage') is a Munich special-ity. Traditionally eaten only before 12:00 noona tradi-tion dating to a time before refrigeratorsthese morselsare often served with sweet mustard and freshly bakedpretzels. Leberks, Bavarian baked sausage loaf, oftenserved with potato salad, is another delicacy of the re-gion.The most famous soup might be the Leberkndel Soup.Leberkndel is a bread dumpling seasoned with liver andonions.

Schweinsbraten (pot roasted pork) with Kndel (dumplings made from potatoes or white bread)and Kraut (cabbage) or a Schweinshaxe (pork knuckle)are served as lunch or dinner. Beuscherl , a plate of lung,heart and spleen is also served with dumplings.

Popular desserts include Apfelstrudel (apple strudel) withvanilla sauce, Millirahmstrudel (a cream cheese strudel),Dampfnudeln (yeast dumplings served with custard) andAuszogene , a fried pastry shaped like a large doughnutwithout a hole. One of the most famous specialties is thePrinzregententorte created in honour of the 19th-centuryprince regent Luitpold.Some specialities are typical cold dishes served inbeergardens: Obatzda is a Bavarian cheese delicacy, asavoury blend of smashed mellow camembert preparedwith cream cheese, cut onions and spicy paprika (andsometimes some butter). Its often served in the beer

gardens along with Radi , white radish cut in thin slicesand salted, and Mnchner Wurstsalat , Munichs famoussausage salad with thinly sliced Knackwurst marinated in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurstsalathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obatzdahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_gardenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luitpold,_Prince_Regent_of_Bavariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinzregententortehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniek%C3%BCchlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampfnudelnhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millirahmstrudelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_strudelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweinshaxehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauerkrauthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kn%C3%B6delhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leberkn%C3%B6delhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leberk%C3%A4sehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretzelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weisswursthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretzelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weisswursthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therese_of_Saxe-Hildburghausenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therese_of_Saxe-Hildburghausenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktoberfesthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktoberfesthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofbr%C3%A4uhaushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofbr%C3%A4uhaus_am_Platzlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktoberfesthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Kubinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Mackehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Mackehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Marchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriele_M%C3%BCnterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexej_von_Jawlenskyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexej_von_Jawlenskyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassily_Kandinskyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Klee


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13

Main building of the Ludwig Maximilians University

Munich University of Applied Sciences

Technical University of Munich (TUM), founded in1868

Akademie derBildenden Knste Mnchen, foundedin 1808

Bundeswehr University Munich, founded in 1973(located in Neubiberg)

Deutsche Journalistenschule, founded in 1959

Hochschule fr Musik und Theater Mnchen,founded in 1830

International Max Planck Research School forMolecular and Cellular Life Sciences

International School of Management

Katholische Stiftungsfachhochschule Mnchen,founded in 1971

Munich Business School (MBS), founded in 1991

Munich Intellectual Property Law Center (MIPLC)

Munich School of Philosophy, founded in 1925 inPullach, moved to Munich in 1971

Munich School of Political Science

Munich University of Applied Sciences (HM),founded in 1971

Pionierschule und Fachschule des Heeres frBautechnik

Ukrainian Free University, founded in 1921 (from1945 in Munich)

University of Television and Film Munich(Hochschule fr Fernsehen und Film ), foundedin 1966

10 Scientic research institutions

10.1 Max Planck Society

The Max Planck Society, an independent German non-prot research organization, has its administrative head-quarters in Munich. The following institutes are locatedin the Munich area:

Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching

Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried

Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics,

Garching Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International

Social Law, Mnchen

Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property,Competition and Tax Law, Mnchen

Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried

Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Andechs-Erling (Biological Rhythms and Behaviour),

Radolfzell, Seewiesen (Reproductive Biology andBehaviour)

Max Planck Institute for Physics (Werner Heisen-berg Institute), Mnchen

Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching(also in Greifswald)

Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Mnchen

Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research,

Mnchen (closed) Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garching_bei_M%C3%BCnchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Quantum_Opticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Psychological_Researchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greifswaldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garching_bei_M%C3%BCnchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max-Planck-Institut_f%C3%BCr_Plasmaphysikhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Physicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Physicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Physicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seewiesenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radolfzellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erling,_Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andechshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Ornithologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinsriedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Neurobiologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Intellectual_Property,_Competition_and_Tax_Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Intellectual_Property,_Competition_and_Tax_Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Foreign_and_International_Social_Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Foreign_and_International_Social_Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garching_bei_M%C3%BCnchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Extraterrestrial_Physicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinsriedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Biochemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garching_bei_M%C3%BCnchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Astrophysicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Societyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Television_and_Film_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Free_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pionierschule_und_Fachschule_des_Heeres_f%C3%BCr_Bautechnikhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pionierschule_und_Fachschule_des_Heeres_f%C3%BCr_Bautechnikhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_University_of_Applied_Scienceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_School_of_Political_Sciencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullachhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_School_of_Philosophyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Intellectual_Property_Law_Centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Business_Schoolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katholische_Stiftungsfachhochschule_M%C3%BCnchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_School_of_Management_(ISM)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Molecular_and_Cellular_Life_Scienceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Molecular_and_Cellular_Life_Scienceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_Musik_und_Theater_M%C3%BCnchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_school_for_journalistshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neubiberghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr_University_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich


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14 11 ECONOMY

10.2 Other research institutes

Botanische Staatssammlung Mnchen, a notableherbarium

CESifo, theoretical and applied research in eco-

nomics and nance Doerner Institute

European Southern Observatory

Fraunhofer Institute

Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen

11 Economy

BMW Headquarters building (one of the few buildings that havebeen built from the top to the bottom) and the bowl shaped BMW museum

Munich has thestrongest economy of any Germancity[24]andthelowestunemployment rate (3.0% in June 2014) ofany German citywith more than a millionpeople (the oth-ers being Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne).[25][26] The cityis also the economic centre of southern Germany. Theinitiative Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft (INSM) (NewSocial Market Economy) and the WirtschaftsWoche(Business Weekly) magazine awarded Munich the top

score in their comparative survey for the third time inJune 2006. Munich topped the ranking of the magazineCapital in February 2005 for the economic prospectsbetween 2002 and 2011 in sixty German cities. Mu-nich is a Financial centre and a Global city and holds theheadquarters of Siemens AG (electronics), BMW (car),MAN AG (truck manufacturer, engineering), Linde(gases), Allianz (insurance), Munich Re (re-insurance),and Rohde & Schwarz (electronics). Among Germancities with more than 500,000 inhabitants purchasingpower is highest in Munich (26,648 euro per inhabitant)as of 2007.[27] In 2006, Munich blue-collar workers en-joyed an average hourly wage of 18.62 euro (ca. $23).[28]

The breakdown by cities proper (not metropolitan ar-eas) of Global 500 cities listed Munich in 8th position

in 2009.[29] Munich is also a centre for biotechnology,software and other service industries. Munich is alsothe home of the headquarters of many other large com-panies such as the aircraft engine manufacturer MTUAero Engines, the injection molding machine manufac-turer Krauss-Maffei, the camera and lighting manufac-turer Arri, the semiconductor rm Inneon Technolo-gies (headquartered in the suburban town of Neubiberg),lighting giant Osram, as well as the German or Euro-pean headquarters of many foreign companies such asMcDonalds and Microsoft.Munich has signicance as a nancial centre(second onlyto Frankfurt), being home of HypoVereinsbank and theBayerische Landesbank. It outranks Frankfurt though ashomeof insurance companies suchasAllianzandMunichRe .Munich is the largest publishing city in Europe[30] and

home to Sddeutsche Zeitung, one of Germanys largestdaily newspapers. The city is also the location of theprogramming headquarters of Germanys largest publicbroadcasting network, ARD, while the largest commer-cial network, Pro7-Sat1 Media AG, is headquartered inthesuburb ofUnterfhring. Theheadquarters of theGer-man branch of Random House, the worlds largest pub-lishing house, and of Burda publishing group are also inMunich.The Bavaria Film Studios are located in the suburb ofGrnwald. They are one of Europes biggest and mostfamous lm production studios.[31]

11.1 Top 10 Largest Companies in Munich(2013) [32]

BMW AG

Allianz SE

Mnchener Rckversicherungs-Gesellschaft AG

Siemens AG

Linde AG

LfA Frderbank Bayern

Bayern-Versicherung Lebensversicherung AG

MAN SE

Oberbank AG, Niederlassung Deutschland

Stadtsparkasse Mnchen Swiss Life AG, Niederlassung fr Deutschland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Lifehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtsparkasse_M%C3%BCnchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberbank_AGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAN_SEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayern-Versicherung_Lebensversicherung_AGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LfA_F%C3%B6rderbank_Bayernhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linde_AGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemenshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Rehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allianzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_AGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnwald,_Bavariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavaria_Film_Studioshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Burda_Mediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_Househttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unterf%C3%B6hringhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProSiebenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitunghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Rehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Rehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allianzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Mainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HypoVereinsbankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Mainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich%2527s_financial_communityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%2527shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neubiberghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infineon_Technologieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infineon_Technologieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krauss-Maffeihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_molding_machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTU_Aero_Engineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTU_Aero_Engineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_Global_500https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohde_&_Schwarzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinsurancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Rehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allianzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Linde_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAN_SEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMWhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemenshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_cityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_centrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtschaftswochehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colognehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Headquartershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz_Zentrum_M%C3%BCnchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_Societyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Southern_Observatoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doerner_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CESifohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbariumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanische_Staatssammlung_M%C3%BCnchen


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12.3 Public transportation 15

Public transport network

12 Transportation

12.1 Munich International Airport

Franz Josef Strauss International Airport (IATA: MUC,ICAO: EDDM) is the second-largest airport in Germanyand seventh-largest in Europe after London Heathrow,Paris Charle de Gaulle, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Madridand Istanbul Atatrk. It is used by about 34 million pas-sengers a year, and lies some 30 km (19 mi) north eastof the city centre. It replaced the smaller Munich-Riemairport in 1992. The airport can be reached by subur-ban train lines S8 from the east and S1 from the west ofthe city. From the main railway station the journey takes4045 minutes. An express train will be added that willcut down travel time to 2025 minutes with limited stopson dedicated tracks. A magnetic levitation train (calledTransrapid), which was to have run at speeds of up to 400km/h (249 mph) from the central station to the airport ina travel time of 10 minutes, had been approved,[33] butwas cancelled in March 2008 because of cost escalationand after heavy protests.[34] Lufthansa opened its secondhub at the airport when Terminal 2 was opened in 2003.

12.2 Other airports

In 2008, the Bavarian state government granted a licenseto expand Oberpfaffenhofen Air Station located west ofMunich, for commercial use. These plans were opposedby many residents in the Oberpfaffenhofen area as wellas other branches of local Government, including the cityof Munich, which took the case to court.[35] However, inOctober 2009, the permit allowing up to 9725 businessights per year to depart fromor land atOberpfaffenhofenwas conrmed by a regional judge.[36]

Despite being 110 km (68 mi) from Munich,Memmingen Airport has been advertised as Airport Munich West . After 2005, passenger traffic of nearbyAugsburg Airport was relocated to Munich Airport,leaving the Augsburg region of Bavaria without an air

passenger airport within close reach.

12.3 Public transportation

For its urban population of 2.6 million people, Munichand its closest suburbs have one of the most comprehen-sive and punctual systems in the world, incorporating theMunich U-Bahn (underground railway), the Munich S-Bahn (suburban trains), trams and buses. The system issupervised by the Munich Transport and Tariff Associa-tion (Mnchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund GmbH ). TheMunich tramway is the oldest existing public transporta-tion system in the city, which has been in operation since1876. Munich also has an extensive network of bus lines.The extensive network of subway and tram lines assistand complement pedestrian movement in the city cen-tre. The 700m-long Kaunger Strasse, which starts nearthe Main train station, forms a pedestrian east-west spinethat traverses almost the entire centre. Similarly, We-instrasse leads off northwards to the Hofgarten. Thesemajor spines and many smaller streets cover an exten-sive area of the centre that can be enjoyed on foot andbike. Thetransformation of thehistoricarea into a pedes-trian priority zone enables and invites walking and bikingby making these active modes of transport comfortable,safe and enjoyable. These attributes result from applyingthe principle of ltered permability which selectivelyrestricts the number of roads that run through the cen-tre. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they

connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths whichpermeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths gothrough public squares andopen spaces increasing theen-joyment of the trip(see image). The logic of ltering amode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensivemodel for laying out neighbourhoods and districtstheFused Grid.The main railway station is Munich Hauptbahnhof, in thecity centre, and there are two smaller main line stations atPasing, in the west of the city, and Munich Ostbahnhof inthe east. All three are connected to the public transportsystem and serve as transportation hubs.

ICE highspeed trainsstop at Munich-Pasing andMunich-Hauptbahnhof only. InterCityandEuroCitytrains to des-tinations east of Munich also stop at Munich East. Since28 May 2006 Munich has been connected to Nurembergvia Ingolstadt by the 300 km/h (186 mph) NurembergMunich high-speed railway line.The trade fair transport logistic is held every two years attheNeue Messe Mnchen (MesseMnchenInternational).

12.4 Individual transportation

Munich is an integral part of the motorway networkof southern Germany. Motorways from Stuttgart (W),Nuremberg, Frankfurt and Berlin (N), Deggendorf and
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deggendorfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Mainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttgarthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobahnhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Logistichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg%E2%80%93Munich_high-speed_railwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg%E2%80%93Munich_high-speed_railwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingolstadthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroCityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterCityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercity-Expresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen_Ost_stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen-Pasing_stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen_Hauptbahnhofhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_Gridhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeability_(spatial_and_transport_planning)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_tramwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_mit_beschr%C3%A4nkter_Haftunghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Transport_and_Tariff_Associationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Transport_and_Tariff_Associationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_S-Bahnhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_S-Bahnhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_U-Bahnhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg_Airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen_Airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufthansahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transrapidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maglev_(transport)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen_Hauptbahnhofhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich-Riem_Airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich-Riem_Airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_International_Airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barajas_Airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport_Schipholhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_International_Airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris-Charles_de_Gaulle_Airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Associationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Airport


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16 14 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Munich motorway network

The Mariensule (Marys column)

Passau (E), Salzburg and Innsbruck (SE), GarmischPartenkirchen(S) and Lindau (SW) terminateat Munich,allowing direct access to the different parts of Germany,Austria and Italy.Traffic is however, often very heavy in and around Mu-nich. Traffic jams arecommonplace during rush hour andat the beginning and end of major holidays in Germany,in no small part due to poor traffic light changing pat-terns and synchronisation. There are few green wavesor roundabouts. Another contributing factor is the lack

of a proper ring road. This mittlere Ring is a ring roadin name only and is a loosely connected system of roadswith many traffic light controlled junctions.

12.5 Cycling

Main article: Cycling in Munich

Cycling is recognised as a good alternative to motorisedtransport and the growing number of bicycle lanes arewidely used throughout the year. They are mostly not

segregated from foot paths, making them dangerous toboth parties. Many of the cycle path surfaces are of poorquality often due to the roots of roadside trees breaking

through the tarmac, fortunately the roads themselves areseldom affected by these tree roots. The cycle paths usu-ally involve a longer route than by the road as they arediverted around objects and the presence of pedestrianstends to make them quite slow.

A modern bike hire system is available within the areabounded by the Mittlerer Ring .

13 Around Munich

The Munich agglomeration sprawls across the plain ofthe Alpine foothills comprising about 2.6 million inhab-itants. Several smaller traditional Bavarian towns andcities like Dachau, Freising, Erding, Starnberg, Landshutand Moosburg are today part of the Greater Munich Re-gion, formed by Munich and the surrounding districts,

making up the Munich Metropolitan Region, which hasa population of about 4.5 million people.[37]

Dachau

Erding

Freising

Frstenfeldbruck

Landsberg

Moosburg

14 International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Munich is twinned with the following cities (date ofagreement shown in parentheses).[38]

Edinburgh, Scotland, United King-dom(1954) [39][40]

Verona, Italy (1960) [41]

Bordeaux, France (1964) [42][43]

Sapporo, Japan (1972)

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (1989)

Kiev, Ukraine (1989)

Cherkessk, Russia Harare, Zimbabwe (1996)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hararehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherkesskhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnatihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapporohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeauxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburghhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_citieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Metropolitan_Regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosburghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landshuthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starnberghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freisinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dachauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foothillshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_a_Bikehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregated_cycle_facilitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_in_Munichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innsbruckhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobahn


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18 17 EXTERNAL LINKS

[30] Munich Literature House: About Us. Retrieved 17February 2008.

[31] Bavaria Film GmbH: Company Start. Bavaria-lm.de.Retrieved 25 July 2012.

[32] Top 10 Largest Companies in Munich. Busni.de. Re-trieved 24 February 2014.

[33] Germany to build maglev railway. BBC News (BBC).25September 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2008.

[34] Germany Scraps Transrapid Rail Plans. DeutscheWelle. 27 March 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2008.

[35] Flughafen Oberpfaffenhofen: Rolle rckwrts - Bay-ern - Aktuelles - merkur-online (in German). Merkur-online.de. Retrieved 25 July 2012.

[36] Sddeutsche.de GmbH, Munich, Germany. FlughafenOberpfaffenhofen - Business-Jets willkommen -

Mnchen. sueddeutsche.de. Retrieved 25 July 2012.[37] Region Munich. Region-muenchen.com. Retrieved 14

April 2010.

[38] Partnerstdte. muenchen.de (in German). Retrieved 3April 2013.

[39] "Edinburgh Twin and Partner Cities ". 2008 The Cityof Edinburgh Council, City Chambers, High Street, Ed-inburgh, EH1 1YJ Scotland. Archived from the originalon 28 March 2008. Retrieved 21 December 2008.

[40] Twin and Partner Cities. City of Edinburgh Council.Retrieved 16 January 2009.

[41] "Verona Gemellaggi " (in Italian). Council of Verona,Italy. Retrieved 3 April 2013.

[42] Bordeaux - Rayonnement europen et mondial. Mairiede Bordeaux (in French). Archived from the original on 7February 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.

[43] Bordeaux-Atlas franais de la coopration dcentraliseet des autres actions extrieures. Dlgation pour lActionExtrieure des Collectivits Territoriales (Ministre des Af- faires trangres) (in French). Archived from the originalon 7 February 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.

[44] DSDS 2012: Kandidat Joey Heindle (in German).RTL. Retrieved 18 April 2012.

17 External links

Munich Tourist Office up-to-date information forvisitors

Mnchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund publictransport network

On the brink: Munich 19181919

Munichfound magazine for English speakingMnchners

Destination Munich An online guide

Munich Airport Official Website Franz JosefStrauss Airport

mnchen.tv - local TV station

Photos

Europe Pictures Munich

Geocoded Pictures of Munich

Munich City Panoramas Panoramic Views andvirtual Tours

Globosapiens Travel Community Travel Tips

Tales from Toytown Photos of Munich

Munich photo gallery
http://www.itravelnet.com/photography/europe/germany/munichphotogallery.htmlhttps://secure.flickr.com/groups/talesfromtoytown/poolhttp://www.globosapiens.net/germany-travel/Bayern/Munich_pictures.htmlhttp://www.panorama-cities.net/munich/munich.htmlhttp://www.photrax.com/index.php?page=user.view.image&imageId=454http://www.europepictures.gm/europe/germany/munich/photoshttp://www.muenchen.tv/http://www.munich-airport.de/en/consumer/index.jsphttp://www.destination-munich.com/http://www.munichfound.com/http://www.historicaleye.com/Munich1.htmlhttp://www.mvv-muenchen.de/en/index.htmlhttp://www.muenchen.de/Rathaus/tourist_office/57799/index.htmlhttp://www.rtl.de/cms/sendungen/superstar/dsds-kandidaten/joey-heindle.htmlhttp://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14https://web.archive.org/web/20130207152951/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14https://web.archive.org/web/20130207152951/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%25C2%25A0et%25C2%25A0internationalhttps://web.archive.org/web/20130207154903/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%25C2%25A0et%25C2%25A0internationalhttp://www.comune.verona.it/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=5485http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/695/council_information_performance_and_statistics/685/european_international_and_parliamentary_relations/3http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/city_living/CEC_twin_and_partner_citieshttps://web.archive.org/web/20080328001653/http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/city_living/CEC_twin_and_partner_citieshttp://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtpolitik/Partnerstaedte.htmlhttp://www.region-muenchen.com/themen/info_en/info_en.htmhttp://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/flughafen-oberpfaffenhofen-business-jets-willkommen-1.142886http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/flughafen-oberpfaffenhofen-business-jets-willkommen-1.142886http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/flughafen-oberpfaffenhofen-business-jets-willkommen-1.142886http://www.merkur-online.de/nachrichten/bayern/flughafen-oberpfaffenhofen-rolle-rueckwaerts-mm-390304.htmlhttp://www.merkur-online.de/nachrichten/bayern/flughafen-oberpfaffenhofen-rolle-rueckwaerts-mm-390304.htmlhttp://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3219174,00.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7011932.stmhttp://www.busni.de/de/Bayern/Kreisfreie_Stadt_Muenchen/Muenchen/http://www.bavaria-film.de/index.php?id=3http://www.literaturhaus-muenchen.de/english/house/index.htm


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18 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

18.1 Text Munich Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich?oldid=631372411 Contributors: Magnus Manske, Paul Drye, Kpjas, The Cuncta-

tor, Mav, Uriyan, Jeronimo, Mark, Larry Sanger, Andre Engels, Eclecticology, Danny, XJaM, BadDoggie, Maury Markowitz, Mintguy,Sfdan, Michel.SLM, Hephaestos, Olivier, Lir, Patrick, Infrogmation, Michael Hardy, Paul Barlow, Liftarn, Gabbe, Delirium, Michael-Janich, Ellywa, Fantasy, Docu, CatherineMunro, Darkwind, Djmutex, Kricke, Kimiko, Nikai, Ruhrjung, Rob Hooft, Mxn, Pjbeef, Elvis,Karl Schalike, Adam Bishop, JonMoore, Stone, Lfh, N-true, WhisperToMe, Wik, Timc, Tpbradbury, Furrykef, K1Bond007, LMB, Sam-sara, Morn, Nickshanks, Mackensen, Wetman, Qertis, Eugene van der Pijll, Branddobbe, AlexPlank, Robbot, Dale Arnett, Caroig, Chris73, RedWolf, Cfaerber, Baldhur, Altenmann, Stephan Schulz, Modulatum, Hella, Nach0king, Ktotam, Diderot, Halibutt, Delpino, Wik-ibot, Wereon, Lupo, SpellBott, Gdansk, Roeschter, Ferkelparade, HangingCurve, Michael.chlistalla, Hokanomono, David Johnson, Cy-borgTosser, Cantus, Patrick.sauter, Highlander, Jce, Steggall, Avala, Jackol, Tagishsimon, Edcolins, Defence, Woggly, Utcursch, SoWhy,Andycjp, Geni, Formeruser-81, Akkolon, Snappler, Antandrus, Bgbot, Nzpcmad, Girolamo Savonarola, Jesster79, Lesouris, Necrothesp,Eranb, Neutrality, Urhixidur, TJSwoboda, Picapica, Grm wnr, Demiurge, Surngslovak, Deleteme42, Qui1che, Grstain, Kmccoy, D6,Reinthal, DanielCD, Jiy, Rdb, Bornintheguz, Chris j wood, Brianhe, ElTyrant, Rich Farmbrough, Guanabot, Florian Blaschke, HeikoEv-ermann, Wefa, Prijks, David Schaich, Mani1, Paul August, Edgarde, Bender235, S.K., Doron, IsarSteve, Stombs, Kwamikagami, Shanes,Femto, Markussep, CeeGee, Bobo192, Directorstratton, Sicherlich, Cmdrjameson, Cohesion, ArkansasTraveler, DaveGorman, Juzeris,Jcr2, Slambo, Polylerus, Krellis, Vanished user azby388723i8jfjh32, Bjornkri, A2Kar, Danski14, Alansohn, Shadikka, Hektor, Snow-Fire, SlaveToTheWage, Ncik, Lectonar, Kotasik, Denniss, Tancred, Snowolf, Yossiea, SidP, VivaEmilyDavies, Omphaloscope, Kusma,Axeman89, Markaci, Mag2k, TShilo12, Zntrip, Pcpcpc, Stemonitis, Angr, Rorschach, Mel Etitis, Kurmis, TarmoK, Scriberius, Lapunkd,JeremyA, Kristaga, Jeff3000, Acerperi, Kelisi, Pdn, Bernburgerin, Doco, Furukama, Palica, LimoWreck, Rnt20, Graham87, Brazzy,

Descendall, BD2412, Kbdank71, JIP, Grammarbot, Sjakkalle, Rjwilmsi, Eoghanacht, Tim!, Chipuni, Jivecat, Astronaut, Travel2dance,MZMcBride, Maybe, XLerate, Oxydo, Ligulem, Brighterorange, Olessi, MarnetteD, Ravidreams, Moomint, FlaBot, Daderot, Jhaase,SiGarb, Koroner, Crazycomputers, Sean WI, Legalides, RexNL, Gurch, Romankawe, Str1977, TeaDrinker, D.brodale, Alphachimp,Ahunt, Chobot, Kresspahl, Baptistej, DTOx, 334a, Krawunsel, JPD, YurikBot, Wavelength, NuMessiah, RobotE, Ilia, RussBot, Fabar-tus, Diliff, Lofty, Splash, Markus Schmaus, Gaius Cornelius, Philopedia, Dysmorodrepanis, Aeusoes1, Kingjeff, Jamesg, Dureo, Bmdavll,THB, Kanaye, Wangi, BassPlyr23, Cccc3333, User27091, Wknight94, Phgao, Lt-wiki-bot, Icedwater, Bayerischermann, Closedmouth,Josh3580, Hayden120, Mais oui!, Spliffy, Curpsbot-unicodify, Whouk, Katieh5584, GrinBot, KornX, DocendoDiscimus, Wai Hong, At-tilios, Amalthea, SmackBot, YellowMonkey, Aim Here, KnowledgeOfSelf, McGeddon, CTC, Lagalag, Franchecomt, Dani skr, Uny-oyega, Well, girl, look at you!, Bomac, AndreasJS, Adammathias, Jab843, Veesicle, Primaryspace, Peter Isotalo, WolframSiever, Gilliam,Donama, Ohnoitsjamie, Averette, AstroZombieDC, Izehar, Chris the speller, Kurykh, Geneb1955, Rjd83, PrimeHunter, MalafayaBot,SchftyThree, Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg, Heikoh, Breadandcheese, DHN-bot, Colonies Chris, Para, Einemnet, Can't sleep,clown will eat me, Shalom Yechiel, Ajdz, OrphanBot, Jennica, EOZyo, Nikostar, Greenshed, Kcordina, Edivorce, SundarBot, Rareli-bra, Reiver, Gogafax, Khoikhoi, Marcushan, Regnator, ArtVandelay13, BadgerBadger, Nakon, MichaelBillington, Dreadstar, Lord Eru,Jan.Kamenicek, Jaellee, Seewolf, O RLY?, Jna runn, NicDE, Ohconfucius, Aviper2k7, SashatoBot, Krashlandon, Eric82oslo, Sev-enTen, John, Marco polo, NewTestLeper79, Lancslad, Ocatecir, HADRIANVS, 16@r, Agathoclea, Willy turner, SirFozzie, Mets501,TastyPoutine, Marcipangris, MTSbot, Jose77, Xionbox, Hetar, Iridescent, Dockingman, Kaarel, Joseph Solis in Australia, Freber1977,

Antiedman, Fgrammen, GDallimore, Nfutvol, MGlosenger, CapitalR, LadyofShalott, Adambiswanger1, Courcelles, Something Wicked,Tawkerbot2, Axt, CmdrObot, IP129.55.27.4, GeraldH, Page Up, Nczempin, R9tgokunks, Green caterpillar, Y2k156, DanielRigal, Pe-ruukki, FlyingToaster, Lentower, Lazulilasher, Neelix, C5mjohn, Glenn4pr, Pertti, HH58, Lear 21, Cydebot, Honk squeak, Poeticbent,Reywas92, Rieman 82, Kev.co, Mon4, Tawkerbot4, JoppaFlats, U47, After Midnight, Thrapper, Joowwww, Mathpianist93, Betacom-mandBot, Thijs!bot, Tommy23, Martin Shipway, Laxplayer630, Fluxbot, Jacksav, WilliamH, Marek69, Dyslexik, Java13690, Merbabu,Jankohrasko, Dfrg.msc, Q'Alex, CharlotteWebb, Lajsikonik, Sean William, Porqin, AntiVandalBot, Luna Santin, Munich Markets, Emer-aldcityserendipity, Eirik Raude, Aufs klo, CZmarlin, Alextwa, Quintote, Lovibond, Euratlas, Smith2006, F McGady, Jj137, Zachwoo, Cin-namon42, Tjmayerinsf, MalcolmSpudbury, Modernist, Malcolm, R.P.D., Osloboslo, Storkk, Feralcats, Myanw, Richiez, Res2216restar,Sluzzelin, Ioeth, JAnDbot, Deective, MER-C, Epeeeche, Wwb, Matthew Fennell, Leolaursen, Basilicum, MIKElovesgermanchicks,Rothorpe, Chumwa, SiobhanHansa, Pseudothyrum, McDange, Pedro, VoABot II, PPlus, MartinDK, Nickpheas, Alexander Domanda,Manderiko, Aquinate, Janadore, Hypergeek14, Indon, Styrofoam1994, DerHexer, Esanchez7587, Cloudz679, Welshleprechaun, Cocy-tus, S3000, EtienneDolet, Flowanda, MartinBot, 52 Pickup, Gasheadsteve, Dietzel65, MarkBA, APT, Jim.henderson, LugPaj, Keith D,Fastman99, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker,

Munich, Bavaria, Germany

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