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Multiview Approach

MIT-QA

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Information System Development

1. Definition - feasibility study System Requirements analysis The time scale and manpower requirements of the project. A cost benefit analysis.

2. Development System development Testing

3. Implementation User Acceptance

4. Operation & Maintenance

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Introduction: Multiview and ISD Solution

Multiview presents an approach to systems analysis and design and to the evaluation of potential solutions to information processing problems.

It draws on several important threads in recent research. human activity systems socio-technical systems data analysis structured analysis

This methodology tackles all the different points of view of people involved in using a computer system.

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Multiview helps in providing answers to the following questions:MIT-QA

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How is the information system supposed to further the aims of the organization using it?

How can it be fitted into the working lives of the people in the organization who are going to use it?

How can the individuals concerned best relate to the computer in terms of operating it and using the output from it?

What information processing function is the system going to perform?

What is the technical specification of a system that will come close enough to doing the things that you have written down as answers to the other four questions?

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An Overview of MultiviewMIT-QA

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Systems analysis & design is concerned with understanding what is needed from an information system and creating a specification of an information system that will meet those requirements.

In order to do this systematically it is necessary to have a methodology.

‘a coherent collection of concepts, beliefs, values and principles supported by resources to help a problem-solving group to perceive, generate, assess and carry out in a non-random way, changes to the information situation’

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Multiview StagesMIT-QA

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Analysis of human activity. Analysis of information (sometimes called information modeling)

Analysis and design of socio-technical aspects. Design of the human-computer interface. Design of technical aspects.

These five stages are seen as necessary to form a system which is complete in both technical and human terms and is appropriate to the progressive development of an analysis and design project, covering all aspects required to answer the vital questions of users.

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The Multiview Methodology OutputsMIT-QA

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Output Information

Social Aspects  How will it affect me?

 Role-set  Will my job change? In what way?

 People tasks  What will I have to do?

 

Human-computer Interface

How will I work with the computer?

What inputs and outputs are there?

Database  What data are involved?

 Database Maintenance  How will I maintain the integrity of the data?

 Recovery  What happens when it goes wrong?

 Monitoring Is the system performing to specification?

Control How is security and privacy dealt with?What errors are detected?

 Information retrieval  What information will I get?

 Application  What will the system do?

Inputs and Outputs necessary for non-

application areas.

 Will it affect anything else on the computer subsystem?

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Stage 1 - Analysis of Human ActivityMIT-QA

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This stage looks at the organization - its main purpose, problem themes and creates a statement of what the information system will be and what it will do.

The methodology at this stage adopts the Soft Systems Methodology approach (discussed earlier). In brief the stages of the SSM are:

Perceiving the problem situation Constructing systems models Comparing the systems models to perceived reality. Deciding on the comparison and implementing the

consequences of those decisions.

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Stage 2 - Analysis Of Information (Entities and Functions)MIT-QA

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The purpose of this stage, which is also known as information modeling, is to analyze the entities and functions of the system described, independent of any consideration of how the system will eventually develop.

Three phases are involved:i. The development of the functional model

ii. The development of an entity model

iii. Interaction of functions & entities,

and verification of the model

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Stage 3 - Analysis and Design of the Socio-technical AspectsMIT-QA

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This stage focus on user interaction with the system. It takes the view therefore that human considerations, such as job satisfaction, task definition, morale and so on, are just as important as technical considerations.

This stage is based on the ETHICS (Effective Technical & Human Implementation of Computer-based Systems) methodology encompassing a participative approach and a socio-technical view, i.e. for a system to be effective the technology must fit closely with the social and organizational structure of the situation.

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Stage 4 - Design Of The Human-Computer InterfaceMIT-QA

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This stage is concerned with the technical design of the human-computer interface and makes specific decisions on the technical system alternatives.

Focus on the ways in which users will interact with the computer will have an important influence on whether the user accepts the system.

Design focus on Client demography

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Stage 5 - Design of the Technical AspectsMIT-QA

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After passing all stages, the technical requirements have been formulated with both social and technical objectives in mind and also after consideration of an appropriate human-computer interface.

Therefore, necessary human considerations are already both integrated and interfaced with the forthcoming technical subsystems.

At this stage, therefore, a largely technical view can be taken so that the analyst can concentrate on efficient design and the production of a full system specification.

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The final major outputs of the methodology are:MIT-QA

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The application, concerned with performing the functions, specified in the functional decomposition of Stage 2

Information retrieval, which is for responding to enquiries about data stored in the information system.

The database in which all the data is organized. Database maintenance, which permits updates to the data and

provides the information necessary to check for data errors Control, which checks for user, program, operator and machine

errors and alerts the system to their presence. Recovery, which allows the system to be repaired after an error has

been detected. Monitoring aspects, which keeps track of all system activities for

management purposes.

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SummaryMIT-QA

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The final outputs of the methodology are the social systems, the role-set and people tasks, the human-computer interface and the technical specification, and the necessary inputs and outputs to support the non-application system. These include all the necessary information to design, implement, operate and maintain a more complete information system in both human and technical terms.