Multiuser LAB

8/4/2019 Multiuser LAB

1/9

MULTI -USER LABORATORIES FOR COMPLEXITY

SCIENCE e-LEARNING

Florin Munteanu1 Constantin Udriste2, Dorel Zugravescu11UNESCO Chair in Geodynamics - Romania

2

University Politehnica of Bucharest2

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract:Usually, e-learning is centered on a discipline without laboratories. Our intention is toextend this point of view to multi-user laboratories in the Complexity Science context. The Complexity

Science is a framework joined and combined with those resulting from C&IT methodology. In this paper

we formulate our concepts and results, looking for coworkers in a NEXUS EUROPEAN PROGRAM.

Keywords: complexity science, e-learning, e-content, knowledge generation, remote on-

line laboratories, continues learning, personal laboratory, learning by discovery.

1. IntroductionThe Informational society has more and

more participation all around the world and the

effect felt by the population is nothing more

than a forerunner of a socio-cultural and

economic metamorphosis that has not been

known before in human history. Developed on

a global scale and integrating different cultures,

the metamorphosis takes place under the

pressure of continuous acceleration of processes

of all kinds, acceleration imposed by the very

intimate nature of an ordinary artifact: thecomputer and the IT&C development.

Not so long ago a persons main concern

was to pile up material products and to build

tangible objects that would last. The

appearance of the electronic Memory and the

Processor gave him the possibility to store and

creatively amplify the results of the brightest

Mind. He could adapt and simulate reality in a

more precise way and he gave a differentmeaning to the word Information. Becoming

the main power and value resource, the

information enabled Virtual Prototyping, theconstruction ofVirtual Instruments, basically

a product-dematerialization process a good

thing from an ecological perspective, but at the

same time leading to the need of important

social changes. Many trades are no longer

required, there is a continuous spring of new

trades, and therefore there is an acute need of

adapting an individuals knowledge to the

market demand that is continuouslychanging. Everything is being sped up since we

can communicate, simulate, project in teams

spread all over the world (teleworking), we

can manage an enterprise from a distance,

we can control an entire technological flux

using only a few people, we can, we can To

use in practice this enormous potentiality, we

need to educate people to understand and use,

in a creative and innovative way, the new

resource and opportunity in the 3rd

Millennium: Information.

The increase of the ability to process

information associated with the

specialization and growing complexity of

certain biochemical structures physical

support of processing can be considered a

profound characteristic of the universe we

inhabit. From the simple amoeba to the multi-

cellular systems that have the capacity to

interact more and more efficiently and

intelligently with the environment, we reached

the human being and its capacity to reflect

Reality through calculus and formal models. In

this evolution process we can see a permanent

restructuring of the substratum, restructuring

that takes place under the information

processing pressure, substratum that becomes

more and more sensitive, reactive, intelligent

and efficient in relation with the environment.

This observation can be also extended to thelevel of artifact evolution. The appearance of

the computer and the use of intelligent

1
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/9

programs for the design of integrated circuits

enabled a drastic reduction of used space

(miniaturization), led to reduced energy

consumption, basically leading to an increase of

computing power, of energetic density in less

material quantity. The very act of processing

seems to be the cause able to modify both thecontext and the substratum, thus contributing

to the acceleration and development of

everything that surrounds it or that it comes into

contact with. The continuous increase of the

processing capacity seems therefore to be a

universal process, independent from material

and unlimited in time. [1].

However, carefully analyzing history, and

especially the crisis in the IT industry

development, we can notice that nothing could

change the exponential character of Moores

law [2], neither the world economic crises, thewars (Vietnam, Gulf), the economic conflicts

between the great powers, nor the technical or

technological barriers. In other words, we can

suppose that if nothing could change this

development so far, this tendency would stay

the same, the crisis being outweighed by the

occurrence of an event with major significance

for humanity: a discovery that would mark

an epoch, a paradigm change with

unexpected consequences. A change of

substratum, of computing concept, a

discovery regarding light or some materialintelligence characteristics will be able to

form a new approach that would take

Moores law further. What this

metamorphosis of the human being capable

to use coherently such a technology would looklike, how it would fit in a social life, and which

its cultural products would be, are all important

subjects that require setting up institutes for

prospective science and futurism, institutes

that would benefit both the public and theprivate sector. From this perspective we can say

that the public-private partnership becomesessential for defining and delimiting future

problems that can and have to be solved for

good for the human beings benefit. Finally,

we consider that the crucial problem that we

have now, in order to find solutions for

sustainable development in this turbulent socio-

economical environment, is to redesign the

educational system in such a manner to be able

to enhance the awareness of the population

about the core of the changes generated by the

new paradigm of Complexity. This new

conceptual frame (concepts, theories, models,

methods, technologies etc.) and the power of

international, interdisciplinary networks of

scientist and engineers to generate knowledge,could be the basis for the new social structure,

known as the Knowledge base Society.

2. About a science of ComplexityThe Science of Complexity appeared due to

the joint merger of various new fields that they

have been born from new breakthrough in

various areas: fractal geometry, the general

theory of dissipative systems, Chaos Theory,

synergetic sciences, cellular automata, genetic

algorithms, intelligent agents, artificial life. A

turning point also proved to be the foundationof the Institute for the Science of Complexity in

Santa Fe by a group of physicists, among which

were George Cowan, David Pines, Stirling

Colgate, Murray Gell-Mann, Nick Metropolis.

Thereafter, the rather loose collection of

previous theories and models have become

more coherent and organized in a certain

structure that became known as the Science of

Complexity, and which soon found numerous

practical applications. The Science of

Complexity changes drastically the approach of

studying the reality and the surroundingenvironment: instead of using a reductionist and

linear approach that provides analytical

solutions, it introduced a holistic and nonlinear

approach which could be modeled using

cellular automata, neural networks or intelligent

agents.In 1976 Ilya Prigogine, Nobel prize laureate

for Chemistry in 1977, elaborated The Theory

of Dissipative Systems, with which he became

one of the pioneers in the field of self-

organization studies [3]. The theory stipulates

that order will appear spontaneously in systemsthat evolve far from thermodynamic

equilibrium. This order appears as a result of a

self-organization process that is strongly

dependent on the energy fluxes present in thedomain where this order, or structure, appears.

This new entity acquires new and specific

physical and behavioral properties. Thus,

besides the link between energy and matter

2


3/9

established previously by Einstein, Prigogines

theory makes a new and more subtle connection

between energy and structure. Tree-like

ramified structures, as well as self-similar and

fractal objects found in Nature are examples of

practical manifestations illustrating the dynamic

interaction between energy and matter [4].Bejans constructalist theory [5] formalized the

relation between structure and the energy flux

that keeps the dissipative system far from

thermodynamic equilibrium, defining several

notable laws regarding alometry [6], with a

high degree of universality [7]. The structure of

such a system is conserved for as long as the

energy flow is maintained within certain

operational limits. Exceedingly large variations

above or under this operational range trigger

specific restructuring mechanisms (phase

transitions, bifurcations), which can be carriedout in a very fast and abrupt discharge, or

slowly, during a time interval. Since 1990, the

geodynamic events in general and the seismic

ones in particular have been analyzed from this

new perspective. This new approach requires

the modern researchers to understand the

intrinsic interactive dynamics among the

various blocks and sub-blocks that form the

Earths crust in a seismically active region.

Furthermore, it is also necessary to recognize

and comprehend the very mechanisms of

genesis and the long-term stability of thiscellular structure capable to dissipate energy

from a concentrated point-like source (focal

point) to a much larger volume of matter. In

this respect, this proposed project desires to

explore the manner in which the specificapproach of studying (from the perspective of

the Science of Complexity) a geodynamical

active region evolving far from thermodynamic

equilibrium will influence its subsequent

modeling, and consequently the choice ofgeophysical sensors used in that region to study

it and their location.In 1987 Per Bak, Chao Tang si Kurt

Wiesenfeld (the so-called BTW trio) discovered

and formulated the Principle of Self-Organized

Criticality, which highlighted another essential

property ofcomplex systems: their behaviour

was extremely sensitive to the initial

conditions and the history of the system, i.e.

the succession of events to which it has been

subjected along its evolution since its

appearance. A strictly deterministic and causal

approach, as had been used classically in many

physical sciences, is no longer efficient or

suitable in these circumstances since the

transfer function of the system is constantly

changing and evolving together with, and as aresult of, the interactions between the system

and other external surrounding systems, at thesame hierarchical level or situated above and

under it, respectively. A part of the energy flux

received by the system is retained in its

substantial-radiative structure, gradually

contributing to its cumulative storage until acritical state is reached, when a sudden energy

discharge takes places. The alternation of

numerous charge-discharge cycles of this type

maintains the system in a state that is always

relatively close to the critical point (i.e. it canbe said that the critical state is very robust). In

the immediate vicinity of a critical state, the

systems sensitivity even to infinitesimal

accidental fluctuations increases exponentially,

which makes possible that utterly small

variations of collateral factors could easily

trigger large-scale energetic discharge

processes that irreversibly modify the structure

and behavior of the entire system. Such a

behavior outlines once again the acute necessity

to extend the study based on the Science of

Complexity so that it would also examine thetriggering factors of such catastrophic events.

Moreover, it also clearly suggests once again

the essential need of breaking with the classical

approaches that are utterly incapable of

analyzing such concepts and of grasping even

the basic principles of such phenomena.

Instead, this proposed project suggests the

implementation of an entirely novel approach:building an original monitoring system and

its corresponding data analysis &

interpretation model, that are both capable to

evolve in time together with, and in responseto, the monitored Reality.

The studies carried out by per Bak [8], and

especially the generalization made by Wolfram

[9], in the field of cellular automata has led to

new applications: genetic algorithms, neural

networks, intelligent agents, artificial life. All

these disciplines coagulated into a new

computational science whose main aim is to re-

3


4/9

create the genesis and the evolutionary

dynamics of a real system in a virtual

environment, in which other methods and tools

are defined for investigation, monitoring and

visualization than in the case of monitoring a

real system. This enabled the scientists to

replace the previous static modeling ofdynamic systems using differential equations

and systems of differential equations, i.e. using

the so-called rigid models, with stable

solutions expressed by continuous functions,

that may be arbitrarily elasticized by adding

stochastic terms that could extend the validity

of the solutions in cases when the modeled

system undergoes various fluctuations in its

parameters. Thus, the modern trend is based on

a deep understanding and application of the

Science of Complexity and requesting an

intelligent-evolutionary approach, in whichthe system is virtually generated within the

model, starting from local interaction rules and

going up the hierarchy, so that it can encompass

all possible interactions. The end result is a

conceptual leap forward, from the formal,

mathematic, description with a limited

predictability, to the intrinsic simulation of the

system which can evolve in a virtual

environment in a manner similar to that of the

modeled reality.

In 1975 Feigenbaum has made another

major breakthrough that consolidated thecreation of the Science of Complexity: the

scenario of transition to chaos through

successive bifurcations. Structuring a general

deterministic Chaos Theory was also

accelerated by other important contributions,such as the discovery of the two fundamental

universal constants by Feigenbaum, the

development and application of computational

sciences for solving nonlinear systems of

equations, understanding the behavior of anonlinear system by analyzing its dynamics in

the phase space, the discovery of fractalattractors and the generalization of bifurcation

theory. According to the Chaos Theory, a

chaotic system inherently exhibits sensitivity

to initial conditions. In other words, two

initially identical trajectories originating from a

given point will grow apart with an exponential

divergence if an infinitesimal variation exists

between their initial trajectories. This fact is a

fundamental limit for the predictability of such

systems beyond a certain limited time interval

(temporal horizon). Chaos Theory has also been

applied in electronic circuits, leading to the

realization of chaotic oscillators Chuas

circuit- [10] and enabling to formulate the

concepts of chaotic resonance [11] and ofsynchronization using chaotic oscillators [12].

All these models and theories assert that achaotic system always exhibits a few general

common features:

-There always is a clear rule, or pattern, for

the process in which the system loses its

stability;-The loss of stability can be studied separately

and classified using specific evaluation

methods and representation systems (the

Lyapunov exponent, logistic maps, the phase

space, attractors, strange attractors);-One can identify certain values for the initial

condition(s) that are guaranteed precursors for

the bifurcation points [13], thus defining (i.e.

enabling to predict) the evolution towards a

critical state of a chaotic system (generalizing

this statement we may be able to tell whether a

precursor is expected or not to appear in a

chaotic systems behavior during its dynamic

evolution);

- By applying non-periodic perturbations of

small magnitude one can, under certain

circumstances, permanently maintain a chaoticsystem in a stable state, although dynamically it

is situated in an unstable region of behavior.

This control technique radically challenges and

changes the entire concept of noise, as well as

its role in identifying and maintaining the

stability of a system;

-The analog, or informational, inter-

connection of more chaotic oscillators with

each other can, in special conditions, lead to the

synchronization of all the oscillations. This is a

key effect with crucial implications in

understanding the coupling between complexnonlinear systems and the variability in their

behavior predictability, with tremendous

valuable potential applications for social,

financial, economical, and other type of

systems, and which is also employed in the so-

called chaos communication [14].

We find to be necessary to insert in this

paper a short review of the principal moments

4


5/9

in the aggregations of concepts and theories

in what it is know today as Complexity Science

just to point out the major difficulty in

understanding those new concepts, the

correlations between them, the differences

between the classical, Newtonian approach and

this nonlinear one. We entirely agree with EveMittleton-Kelly form London School of

Economics: Complexity is not a methodology

or a set of tools (although it does provide both).

It certenly is not a management fad. The

Science of Complexity provide a conceptual

framework, a way of thinking, a way of seeing

the World. To prepare the society and of

course the new generation of scientists and

researchers to be capable to understand this new

way of seeing the World and to act creative in

this new conceptual frame, we need new

educational technologies, more close to:learning by discovering, learning by direct

implications in real projects (experiments) in

interdisciplinary teems, near senior researchers

and professors from Universities , self-

education in e-communities, based on e-

learning processes, using what we have define

to be a Personal laboratory [15] . To act

concrete in this direction, we start in 1998 an

educational program labeled as NEXUS [15].

An important step in this program is the

design and the implementation of so called

multi-user laboratories for Complexity Sciencee-learning.

3. The NEXUS programThe NEXUS project starts from the premise

that a well-asked question can initiate a

specific cognitive process, able to arouseinterest and curiosity and to motivate the effort

of accumulating knowledge. For this reason, the

program was conceived to stimulate young

peoples ability to generate pertinent questions

in the field of Complexity Science and also to

find their answers through a process largelybased on self-instruction, experimental research

and communication with other students and

researchers/instructors interested in the same

topic.

The novel and innovatively creative

contributions brought by the NEXUS program

are configured in a multi-component ensemble

formed of:

o The NEXUS room: a space dedicated and

equipped especially for lab experiments,

documentation, courses, multidisciplinarydialogue and consulting, etc. (it is an

interface between the students from a

high school or an university and the teem of

mentors, that guide the research activities inthe NEXUS network) The activity in the

room is carried out in groups based of

affinity for a subject and not by age, (it is

acceptable to be included in the group

students for an other school or even master

degree level ; in this way, we find out that

the activity is more coherent, more project

orientated, every age level having

something to learn from the others and to

give to the others). The main program is

structured around various subjects chosen

according to the local interests from theOpen Projects database ( a list of annual

themes proposed by the Scientific Council

of the NEXUS program);

Foto 1The Nexus environment a complex place

dedicated to reveal the beauty of science

o The complex teaching object (CTO) is a

hardware/software synthesis that allows

experimental multidisciplinary exploration

of the processes and phenomena of interest,

according to the topics selected from anOpen Project. The CTO was designed in

such a way that it specifically enables and

stimulates creativity and formation of new

abilities: attention, ability to correlate the

knowledge gained during the course,

initiative, collaboration, and

communication within interdisciplinary

teams, etc; This CTO is designed and

5


6/9

produced by a private Romanian company

ASTech solutions ltd. (www.astceh.ro)

under the supervision of the Scientific

Council of the NEXUS program. In this

way, everyone can see the entire cycle,

form the need to the idea and the product,

fact that contribute to a betterunderstanding of the application of science

in real live. More than that, some of the

devices, verified to be useful for scientific

education in a broader sense, became parts

of some new scientific Kits of

CONNECTUS class (a Personal

Laboratory). These products are put on the

market, creating so added value to the

educational Nexus program.

Foto 2

The Connectus Personal lab

o Teacher Up-grade: This is a part of the

NEXUS program, designed to help teachers

to up-date the knowledge according to the

new subjects involved in a concrete OpenProject. It consists mainly of intensive

courses (including e-learning) for

assimilating concepts and notions necessary

for the use of the infrastructure and the

software that accompanies a CTO, for

completing the curriculum with novelties

(especially from the Complexity science),

and for correlating the various primary

knowledge elements through an integrating

and multidisciplinary approach.The NEXUS room, specially designed and

equipped for the message which the NEXUS

program wants to deliver, enables:

o Scientific documentation through the

Internet network and through the NEXUS

library for the major specialty topic of the

school: biology, physics, informatics, etc.

The NEXUS library holds magazines,

books and electronic books. It becomes

richer through donations, book purchases

and especially through the enlargement of

an Internet-acquired database. Thisdatabase is filtered according to the

schools specialty topic and is translated

and multiplied locally (For this purpose a

group of young participants enrolled in

advanced English courses; the teaching

activity acquires thus an objective of

immediate general usefulness);

o Experimental research thattakes place in

specially designed area, each comprising an

experimental setup adapted to the topics

chosen in the structuring stage of the

NEXUS program. The computationalsystem, part of the experimental setup, is

able to ensure data processing, modeling of

the studied phenomena, internet connection

for data-sharing;

o Meetings and discussions within theformed study groups, work meetings for

elaborating projects concerning the high

school, projects that would be submitted for

financing (Ministry of Education,

educational departments, City halls,sponsors, etc.);

o Meeting personalities activating and well-known in a field identical or similar to the

schools specialty topic;

o Conducting micro-courses for those who

approached (or want to get involved in) a

specific research topic, using also the

video-conferences to involve professors

form different countries.

6


7/9

In this framework, starting from 2002

[16,17], we have developed activities around

topics such as: The heart: is it a chaotic

oscillator?, Can stress be diagnosed by

monitoring the neuro-muscular electric

activity? Are plants biological sensors?,

Technical diagnosis and the noise , Themeteo-sensitivity and the neuronal calculator.

Because of the multi-age structure of the Nexus

teem, we had very good results, in spite of the

complexity of the subject. More than that, we

found out that, the fact that not even the

researcher knew the answer, was the key factor

of the coagulation of the theme around the

topic, and in the same time, a very important

motivational feature, with benefic influence in

the teem building.

4. Multi-user laboratory forComplexity Science e-learning

It is a known fact the Romania has aunique geodynamical active aria: The Vrancea

zone. The strong earthquakes having the

epicenter in a very narrow aria, close to

Focsani, the presence of some mud volcanoes,

strong geological accidents easy to be seen at

the surface, make this specific place a natural

laboratory, good for experimental research in

so called: the GAIA theory [18]. In the same

time, it is already accepted that all

geodynamical phenomena are complex, so itseem to be natural to use this place for a multi-

user laboratory in geodynamics using the

Complexity Science approach and the e-

learning process. As researchers in an academic

research institute we try to understand the

geophysical phenomena linked to the

accumulations of mechanical stress and of the

mechanisms that are responsible for an

earthquake. Generally speaking, as a

pragmatically objective, we try to improve the

evaluation of the seismic risk of a certain

geographical region. Such studies have had anew impetus due to the application of a very

new set of theories and models that are all

known as the Science of Complexity. After

Mandelbrots introduction of the fractal

geometry and the subsequent appearance and

affirmation of the Chaos Theory and the

Catastrophes Theory, seismic events have been

reinterpreted as typical examples of

manifestations for the dynamics of nonlinear

systems. Self-organization has quickly become

the most important and often used concept in

modeling earthquakes. Other studies, made

using large databases that included any seismic

events of magnitudes larger than 2 on the

Richter scale, highlighted variations betweenintervals with acceptable or high predictability

of the seismic events, and those in which such

events seemed to have occurred randomly. This

observation led to the conclusion that the

degree of predictability itself for seismic events

is a variable that changes in time. From this

point of view, the earthquake was re-interpreted

as an expression of the geocomplexity, and

this new point of view reoriented the research

in this area towards understanding complex

phenomena. Specifically, this marked the

beginning of a new stage in geosciences ingeneral, and in seismologic research in

particular, especially regarding the practical

application of the main concepts, models,

theories and methods provided by the new

paradigm of Complexity. If one assimilates a

seismically active region with a nonlinear

complex and hierarchically structured system,

then the following features can be deduced or

assumed as characterizing this system:

a) Each seismic event modifies irreversibly

the systems structure, and for this reason a new

re-assessment of the situation and re-adaptationof the analytical model has to be carried out

permanently;

b) Each seismic event discharges a specific

amount of energy (recorded in earthquakes as

the magnitude, e.g. on the Richter scale), and

this energetic variation modifies the internal

state of the system and provides totally new and

different initial conditions for the newly started

phase of charging. The immediate result of such

a behavior is a much reduced predictability, yet

not impossible;

c) The energy discharged by each seismicevent that 'resets' the local system is

radiated/transferred to neighboring systems of

equal or inferior hierarchical position. For this

reason the accurate understanding of theevolution in time of a seismic region cannot be

carried out without an initial thorough and

multidimensional monitoring (at the same or

7


8/9

from a higher hierarchical level) using a

network of various types of sensors;

d) When the system is in the critical state

preceding the seismic discharge, the triggering

factors can alternate or combine with inhibiting

ones, resulting in a reduced classic predicta-

bility of the seismic event. At the same time,this also highlights two necessary purposes (or

requirements) for which a sensor network

intended to monitor a seismically active region

must be designed and set up: - capable to

evaluate objectively when the monitored system

(i.e. the seismic region) evolves in a critical

state, and -closely monitor the low intensity

processes that are resonant with the epicenter,

and that could thus bring valuable information

about how the triggering signal appears;

e) The monitored seismic region is just

another element of a larger and alsohierarchically organized system (Gaia) [18],

being coupled and interdependent on the

interaction with other similar systems in this

super-system. This means that other important

data can be obtained by monitoring the energy

exchange, and other types of exchanges,

between adjacent and subordinated systems,

both living or not;

f) The changes in the structure of the system

will always take place as a function of the

variations in the fluxes of energy, information

and matter. As such, these changes will obeyuniversally valid laws (pattern, alometric

constants) which can also be used in our

analytical model that controls the system in

order to characterize in real-time the evolution

and behavior of the observed region.According to these observations, we can

conclude that, monitoring this seismic zone

with a complex network of sensors of different

kind, we can collect and store real data, from a

real complex system that evolves in time. So,designing a complex multi-user laboratory and

put it in place in the epicenter of this uniquegeodynamic aria could be a very good

opportunity for improving education in natural

sciences (the entire Nexus network became

capable to use real and in real time data to

verify theoretical models or to bring some new

experimental devices in this laboratory, to let it

there for a time, to verify the capability of the

device to work accordingly to the purpose/

design).

5. ConclusionIn order to motivate the interest of the

society and especially that of the youth in

education, specifically in science & technology,

is a difficult problem. The process of "lock-in"

(which will also be referred to later)

characteristic to a market economy has

stabilized several careers that are nowadays

considered financially attractive: show

business and entertainment, advertising, sports,

management, law school, all of them being

characterized (or considered) as fast & certain

carriers towards quick achievement of fame and

fortune, generally based on native qualities ofthe person involved.

The continuous long lasting effort, as well

as the necessity to operate in an abstract

framework on the basis of a formal language,

leads to a dramatic decrease of the interest in

scientific or engineering-related careers. This

situation is even absurdly paradoxical given the

more and more highly technologically oriented

outline of nowadays world. Some of the causes

responsible of this situation are:

- The lack of recognition of the social

importance of engineers and researchers &scientists in general,

- The absence of efficient popularization of

the satisfactions and results offered by such

careers;

- The contrast between the rewards imparted

by Society, on one hand, to an innovator, or

a scientist with two university degrees or a

Ph.D. or other merits, and, on the other

hand, to a soccer player, a movie star, a TV

presenter, or even a simple participant to

quasi-intellectual contests like The Wheel

of Fortune or How to BecomeMillionaire, not to mention of those

without even such pretensions, like

Survivor.

As a consequence, the difficulty to identify,

educate and propel youngsters with the

necessary skills and knowledge for a

subsequent integration in our research activity

in Complexity Science has intrigued us and

8


9/9

9

consequently motivated us to conceive and start

the NEXUS program, dedicated to the

identification and formation of youngsters with

native skills for scientific research. Because of

the vary good results in this program, we decide

to design and implement in the Vrancea zone

a geodynamic active aria in Romania a multi-user laboratory for helping the educational

process in natural sciences in general and in

Complexity Science in particular, using the e-

learning technology. Because of the potential of

this multi-user laboratory (research in astro-bio-

geodynamic, environment, quality of life,

biorhythms, interactions between living and

nonliving systems etc. ) we hope to brink near

us others researcher, professors or business

orientated people, to develop an international,

interdisciplinary multi-user laboratory dedica-

ted to the studies of the Life in a Naturalenvironment, using the Complexity paradigm.

6. References1. http://www.racai.ro/~dragam

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moores_law

3. Prigogine, I., Dewel, G., Kondepudi, D.,

Chemistry Far from Equilibrium:

Thermodynamics, Order and Chaos, Cambridge

University Press, 2001

4. Lovejoy S., Schertzer, D., Scaling and

multifractal fields in the solid earth and

topography, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 14, 465

502, 2007

5. Bejan, Advanced Engineering Thermo-

dynamics, Wiley-Interscience, 3rd edition, 2006

6. Savageau M.A.,Allometric Morphogenesis of

Complex Systems: Derivation of the Basic

Equations from First Principles,

Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 1979,vol 76,12,pp.6023-

6025

7. Munteanu, F., Zugravescu, D., Rusu, M.,

Suteanu, C., On The synergy of ruptures, Revue

Romaine de Geophysique, T 38, 1994 ;

8. Pak,P., Tang, C., Earthquakes as a self-

organized critical phenomenon, J. Geophys. Res.,1994, 15635-15637;

9. Wolfram, S., A new kind of science

10.Chua, L.O., Lin, G.-N.; Canonical realization

of Chuas circuit family, IEEE transactions on

Circuits and Systems, July 1990, vol. 37, (no. 7):

885-902.

11.Dogaru, R.; Murgan, A.T.Chaotic Resonance

Theory, a New Approach for Pattern Storage and

Retrieval in Neural Networks, Neural Networks,

1995. Proceedings., IEEE International

Conference on Volume 6, Issue , Nov/Dec 1995

Page(s):3048

12.Strogatz. S., Sync: The Emerging Science of

Spontaneous Order, Hyperion, New York, 2003

13.Munteanu, F., Zugravescu, D.,Ioana, C.,

Suteanu, C., On the possibility to use the

Feigenbaum scenario in modelling certain

geodynamic phenomena, Revue Roumaine de

geologie geophysique et geographie, serie de

Geophysique, Tome 38, 1994

14.Handbook of Chaos Control, Schll,

E.,(Editor), Schuster, H.G. (Editor), Wiley,2007

15.F. Munteanu, C. Udriste, Learning about the

complexity of nature by initiating young students

in scientific research, Education and New

Educational Technologies, Proceedings of the 4th

WSEAS/IASME International Conference on

Educational Technologies (EDUTE-08), 199-211,

Corfu, Greece, October 26-28, 2008.16.http://www.nexustsv.ro

17.http://nexusbz.ro

18.Lovelock, J. E.. Gaia: A New Look at Life on

Earth, Oxford University Press, Oxford NewYork,

1987
http://www.racai.ro/~dragamhttp://www.racai.ro/~dragamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_lawhttp://www.nexustsv.ro/http://www.nexustsv.ro/http://www.nexustsv.ro/http://nexusbz.ro/http://nexusbz.ro/http://nexusbz.ro/http://nexusbz.ro/http://www.nexustsv.ro/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_lawhttp://www.racai.ro/~dragam

Multiuser LAB

Documents

Transcript of Multiuser LAB