A LOOK AT THE ECOLOGICAL, SOCIOECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Multiple Scale Analysis of Climate Change and Socioeconomic Impacts on Urban Ecological Process
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Transcript of Multiple Scale Analysis of Climate Change and Socioeconomic Impacts on Urban Ecological Process
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Multiple Scale Analysis of Climate Change and Socioeconomic Impacts on Urban
Ecological Process
Junmei Tang
Geography and Environmental System
University of Maryland, Baltimore County
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Outline
Background American 16 cities climate change
analysis Eastern shore metropolitan Baltimore-Washington region Forest Phenology at tree level Summary
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Background
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Hirschhorn am Neckar, Germany
Beijing, China
Houston, USA
Global Urbanization1900 - 14% of humanity lived in urban areas, 2010 – 50.5%
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Urbanization History
I. Boat/coach era (~1830)
II. steam engine/railway era (1830-1870)
Before 1830, harbor cities: New York, Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia etc; Hudson River.
From 1790-1830, population from 4 millions to 13 millions.
1830-1870, largest cities: New York, Chicago (concentric pattern).
From 1830-1860, population grew to 32 million (immigration).
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III. steam engine/steel era (1870-1920) Urbanization History
Industrial cities: Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago; city metropolitan
From 1870-1920, population grew to 41 million, more cities: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle etc.
IV. Auto/Airplane era (1920-1970) Two Characterizes: Suburbanization; Super-metropolitan/megalopolitan urban areas; the most growth area is the South (Los Angeles Atlanta)
In 1970, population in suburban is 76 million (37.2%), population grew to 150 million. V. Disaggregate era (after 1970)
Conterurbanization, post-industrial/postmodern city
Population has the first drop in the metropolitan area.
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Urbanization History
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Largest 16 cities in US
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Data collection and processing
1. National Weather Service (NWS) Cooperative Observer Program (COOP)
2. National NLCD impervious percentage map
3. US Census Bureau
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Climate change from 1950-2010
Average temperature in January
New York
Average temperature in July
New York
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Spatial Pearson's correlation
Spatial Pearson’s Correlation in ArcGIS
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Spatial Pearson's correlation
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Eastern shore metropolitan
1. Has the longest history in Urbanization.2. One of the highest population density area.3. Boston-Washington Metropolitan.
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Temperature, precipitation, and NDVI
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Zone statistic at county level
Population Density
Precipitation
Temperature
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County level phenology analysis
1. Buckingham, Virginia Lunenburg, Virginia;
2. Philadephia, Pennsylvania; Seneca, New York
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County level phenology analysis
Correlation: 0.7671; 0.3491 Correlation: 0.7659; 0.4208
Correlation: 0.8766; 0.5492 Correlation: 0.8318; 0.2853
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Baltimore-Washington Region
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Green Density Change in 1990-2010
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Phenology change in each countyHoward County Montgomery County
Anne Arundel County Prince George County
Correlation: 0.8465, 159, 45% Correlation: 0.8433, 160, 43%
Correlation: 0.8350, 157, 42% Correlation: 0.8243, 157, 40%
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Ecological function 1990-2010
LAI
fPAR
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Ecological Function 1990-2010
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First forest city in China: Changchun
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Different urban forest types
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Functional trait volume
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Forest structure, pattern, and function
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Urban forest phenology
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Liriodendron Tulipifera-AKA (Tulip Poplar)
• Native to North America.• Limbs may start at 25-
30m, up to 50m+.• Fast growing.
• April begins flowering.
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The First Study Site
Big Tree: DBH 75cm; Height:
36.4m;
Mediam Tree: DBH 38.7cm; Height: 26.4m;
Understory: American Beech, Musclewood, Sassafras, Northern hackberry;
Groundcover: Oak, Beech, Spicebush, Common greenbriar.
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The Second Study Site
Small Tree: DBH 21.4 cm;
Height: 11.3 m;
Tiny Tree: DBH 9.5 cm; Height: 5.8 m;
Understory: American Beech, Muslewood, Sassafras, Northern hackberry;
Groundcover: Oak, Beech, Spicebush, Common greenbriar.
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Phenological spectral indicator
• Visible Ratios:
• Visible/NIR Ratios:
• Red Edge Reflectance-Ratio Indices:
SRPI = R430/R680
PRI = (R531-R570)/(R531+R570)
NDVI = (R774-R677)/(R774+R677)
SIPI = (R800-R450)/(R800+R650)
Carter = R695/R760
Vogelmann = (R734-R747)/(R715+R726)
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Phenological spectral indicator
April, 6August, 30November, 3
Big Tree, Sunlight
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Photochemical Reflectance Index
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Pearson's correlation
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UMBC: An Honor University
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Thanks!
Questions & Comments?