Multiple fights between England (mainly colonists) and France/Spain/Indian allies: King William’s War (1689-

1697), Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) and King George’s War (1744-1748 – started as War of Jenkin’s

Ear in 1739)What’s similar about all is these wars were mainly fought in Europe, in America was mostly colonists, Indians on

both sides, colonies were able to barely hold off, English did win Nova Scotia and Hudson’s Bay region, colonists

not happy with peace treaty’s – lost land gained

Clash of Empires

George Washington Inaugurates War

• – France wanted to keep Canadian land linked up with lower Mississippi Valley by controlling Ohio River valley, colonists wanted Ohio valley land, first battle started when young George Washington led troops into territory and fired on French – they were later defeated but were able to leave, because of hostilities Acadian French kicked out of Nova Scotia – eventually landed in New Orleans – Cajuns

Global War

• first European war that was started in America, called the “French and Indian War” (1754-1763), was called the “Seven Years’ War” world wide – fighting in West Indies, Phillippinnes, Africa, and Ocean (7 seas), Mainly Britain and Prussia (Germany) against France, Spain, Austria, and Russia, the French did lot of fighting in Germany – enabling Britain to defeat them in America, colonists most united in this war – because huge threat of being scalped by Indians, Albany Congress – Ben Franklin led, trying to get unity (join or die) and some form of colonial government and to align with Iroquois

Braddock’s Blundering

• Braddock sent with 2,000 men to fight French in Americas - 1755

• Old school fighting didn’t work, got wiped out by natives

• Natives went all throughout frontier on scalping mission, only Washington and 300 men left to fight back

• British launch full-scale invasion of Canada in 1756, but make dumb decisions about where to invade (like not Quebec of Montreal)

Pitt’s Palms of Victory

• William Pitt and James Wolfe lead British to victory – eventually

• They conquer Quebec (1759) and Montreal (1760) which leads to end of war

• 1763 Treaty of Paris – French kicked out of N. America, get to keep a couple small islands, Spain gets Mississippi/Louisiana territories but had to give up Florida (for Cuba)

• Great Britain now leading power in world

Restless Colonists

• 20,000 colonists had fought• Saw British were very beatable• Were treated terribly by the officers and

soldiers (one called them like dogs)• Some Americans had smuggled goods to

enemy (Spain in islands)• Many only fought once they were bribed• War united the colonists like never before

War’s Aftermath

• Colonists feel less need for Britain – no longer a French threat

• Natives in a bad position now – no longer can play sides off each other – Pontiac’s uprising (killed 2,000 – aftermath equaled more British troops = more animosity from colonies as they have to pay for them

• Proclamation Act of 1763 – stop settlement beyond Appalachian mountains – didn’t want more fights with natives, colonists ignored and this set stage for major “family quarrel”