ANIMATION

Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of static images and/or objects to create an illusion of movement. The most common method of presenting animation is as a motion picture or video program, although there are other methods.

This type of presentation is usually accomplished with a camera and a projector or a computer viewing screen which can rapidly cycle through images in a sequence.

Animation can be made with either hand rendered art, computer generated imagery, or three-dimensional objects, e.g., puppets or clay figures, or a combination of techniques.

The position of each object in any particular image relates to the position of that object in the previous and following images so that the objects each appear to fluidly move independently of one another. The viewing device displays these images in rapid succession, usually 24, 25, or 30 frames per second.

Computer animation Computer animation encompasses a

variety of techniques, the unifying factor being that the animation is created digitally on a computer.

This animation takes less time to produce than previous traditional animation.

2D animation techniques tend to focus on image manipulation while 3D techniques usually build virtual worlds in which characters and objects move and interact.

2D animation

2D animation figures are created and/or edited on the computer using 2D bitmap graphics or created and edited using 2D vector graphics.

3D animation

3D animation is digitally modeled and manipulated by an animator. The animator starts by creating an external 3D mesh to manipulate.

InbetweeningThis process focuses on the need

for drawings (pictures) between two extremes or key positions.

Using key pointsThese are useful when changing shapes and form between two key drawings.

12 basic principles of Animation

1. Squash and stretch

the purpose of which is to give a sense of weight and flexibility to drawn objects

2. Anticipation used to prepare the

audience for an action, and to make the action appear more realistic

3. StagingThis can be done by

various means, such as the placement of a character in the frame, the use of light and shadow, and the angle and position of the camera

4. Straight ahead action and pose to pose

Straight ahead action" means drawing out a scene frame by frame from beginning to end

"pose to pose" involves starting with drawing a few key frames, and then filling in the intervals later.

5.Follow through and overlapping action

Follow through" means that separate parts of a body will continue moving after the character has stopped.

Overlapping action" is the tendency for parts of the body to move at different rates (an arm will move on different timing of the head and so on).

6. Slow in and slow outThe movement of the human

body, and most other objects, needs time to accelerate and slow down.

7. ArcsThis can apply to a limb

moving by rotating a joint, or a thrown object moving along a parabolic trajectory.

7. Secondary actiongives a scene more life, and

can help to support the main action.

9.Timingrefers to the number of

drawings or frames for a given action, which translates to the speed of the action on film.

10. Exaggerationan effect especially useful for

animation, as perfect imitation of reality can look static and dull in cartoons

11. Solid drawingtaking into account forms in

three-dimensional space, giving them volume and weight

12. Appealcharacter who is appealing is

not necessarily sympathetic – villains or monsters can also be appealing – the important thing is that the viewer feels the character is real and interesting.[

Sit work 1/2CW

1-3 Name 3 examples or situations of anticipation animation principle4-5 Name 2 examples or situations of arcs animation principle6-10 Differentiate 2D animation and 3D Animation