Multicellular Organisms live in & get Energy from a variety of Environments
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Transcript of Multicellular Organisms live in & get Energy from a variety of Environments
Multicellular Organisms live in & get Energy from a variety of
Environments• Multicellular organisms meet their needs
in different ways
• Plants are producers
• Animals are consumers
• Most fungi are decomposers
Multicellular organisms meet needs in different ways
• Have cells that are SPECIALIZED– In multicellular organisms, different jobs are
done by different (specialized) cells.
• Are ADAPTED to live in different ENVIRONMENTS
• SEXUAL REPRODUCTION leads to DIVERSITY
SPECIALIZED CELLS
• Cells in multicellular org. are specialized for specific jobs. (skin, muscle, nerve)
• Groups of similar cells form tissues.
• Different tissues working together form organs; organs working together form organ systems.
• Together cells->tissues-> organs->organ systems form organisms
• Nervous system: helps respond to changing conditions
• Muscular system: allows movement & gives heat
• Circulatory: delivers oxygen & removes carbon dioxide
ADAPTED to live in different ENVIRONMENTS
• Adaptation = inherited characteristic that increases chance of an organism’s surviving & producing offspring that also reproduce.
• May be how it gets energy, processes materials, shape/structure of body, or a form of behavior.
• If this difference gives organism an advantage, offspring will survive & reproduce more.
• Digestive :breaks down food into usable forms• ORGAN SYSTEMS let multicellular organisms get
ENERGY, process lots of materials, respond to environmental changes, and reproduce.
ADAPTED for different ENVIRONMENTS
• Different species of fox have different adaptations that let them survive in different environments.
• FENNEC FOX: a desert fox, large ears (releasing lots of heat) and sand colored fur
• ARCTIC FOX: small ears,legs & nose (keeps heat in). White winter fur for snow.
• RED FOX: In grasslands & woodlands; average ears, reddish brown fur tipped in white & black for blending in.
• Adaptations due to differences in genetic material
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION leads to diversity
• Multicellular organisms reproduce sexually; genetic material of 2 parents comes together giving offspring with genetic material from both.
• MEIOSIS: special form of cell division that makes sperm cells in males & egg cells in females; these sex cells only have 1 copy of DNA (other cells all have 2 copies)
• FERTILIZATION: sperm combines with egg to make 1 fertilized cell with DNA from both parents (1/2 from egg; ½ from sperm)
• One fertilized cell becomes 2; then 2 becomes 48163264 and so on.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION• As cells divide, they start to specialize &
different tissues & organs form.• Many multicellular organisms can reproduce
by asexual reproduction.• Budding = second organism grows off, or
buds, from another.• Asexual reproduction can occur quicker &
more often, but limits diversity (have same genetic material as parents).
• In sexual reproduction, there is a chance for a new combination of characteristics in offspring, which may help it in some way.