Multi tasking mobiles

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Multitasking Mobiles Ravi P. Agrahari (Science & Technology)

description

Communication technology

Transcript of Multi tasking mobiles

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Multitasking Mobiles

Ravi P. Agrahari

(Science & Technology)

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A Multitasking mobile is a compact version of various

features embedded in a single device to fulfill all the

business and personnel technologies giving users the

flexibility in their communications by uploading all the

functionality onto the software. •These Mobiles are popularly known as “Smartphones”.• And the applications are known as ‘Apps’.

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There are two types of ‘apps’:-1.Native Apps2.Web Apps

• Native apps are those which work offline and are inbuilt with the device and are platform (i.e. OS)dependent. They are much faster then the web apps as the relative applications are present on the device itself. [ex. Radio, Calculator, Clock, Calendar, Pictures etc.]

•Web apps work online and they are platform independent as they are opened through web browsers(ex. Opera, Safari, Webkit).These are comparatively slower then Native apps as the data is not readily available as it fetches the data through internet service provider. [ex. Face book, Twitter, Hi5, Friendster etc.]

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Operating System

•Operating system is an interface between the machine and the user. It is just a visualization of the machine for the user to make it more user friendly to operate.•An OS or the platform manages the hardware and software resources of the device and controls all its basic operation .• Without an OS, the mobile is just a piece of metal in the user’s hand as it keeps the device functioning according to the user’s requirements.• OS is the heart of a Smartphone because it enables all the programmers to build such sophisticated applications to make it more receptive to the users as these phones are of no use if they are not user understandable even if they are much sophisticated.

[ex. iOS(Apple), Android(Google), Windows for mobiles(Microsoft), Blackberry OS(RIM), Symbian(Symbian Foundation)]

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Operating

System

iOS Android Windows

mobile

Windown

Phone

Blackberry

OS

Symbian

Owned by

Company

Apple Google Inc. Microsoft Microsoft RIM Symbian

Foundation

Programmed

in

C, C++,

Objective

C

C, C++, Java Many, C++,

NET,

Lazarus

Many, NET

(Silverlight)

Java C++

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SmartPhone Technologies

• Touch Sensitivity

• Voice Recognition

• Global Positioning system

• Mobile Camera

• Motion Sensors

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Touch Sensitivity•Touch screen previously consisted ofa thin layer of polyester film over a layer of glass or plastic. These layers were crisscrossed with nearly transparent wires. When the screen istouched the top layer pushes towardsthe lower layer and these wires intersect. This changes the flow of current, which in turn helps indetermining the location of the touch on the screen.

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• The most recent touch screen are capacitive and have uniform sensitivity. These capacitors are arranged according to a co-ordinate system. When the screen is touched electrical impulses are generated. This signal travels from the screen to the processor, which in turn uses a software to analyze the feature of a touch. (i.e. the size, shape and location of the effected area on the screen.)

• If the raw data does not match any applicable gesture or commands, the processor disregards it as an extraneous touch.

• Custom apps are linked almost entirely through computational means ready to be summoned at user’s touch overcoming the tedious task of pushing buttons and frequent keypad disruption.

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Voice Recognition•Voice recognition software is speaker-independent where there is no need of training to understand our voice .

•The speaker independent voice control can be either built into the phone or offered through ‘apps’.

• The processing power and speech recognition that are built into the phone serve very limited speech commands but the majority of ‘apps’ in mobile phones mostly rely on AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION(ASR) with the help of which the user can use dialing, phonebook search etc.

• The ASR technology converts a speech signal into a text message transcription of the spoken words. When a speaker articulates a stream of words with pauses and utterances(like ‘uhh’, ‘umm’), the

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software produces a speech waveform representing the words as well as the extra sound and pauses in the spoken input.

•The fragments of the sentences are then measured based on their amplitude and the level of compression of air released from the mouth. The software then decodes the speech into the best estimate of a sentence.

• A microphone uses ASR and analog –digital converter to convert the analog data into digital data.

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Global Positioning System

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•GPS navigational system are supported by 27 satellites in Low Earth Orbit. A receivers exact location is determined through a process called ‘Triangulation’ where 3 Satellites work together to track down possible location points.

• A GPS Tracking system uses the GLOBAL NAVIGTION SATELLITE SYSTEM(GNSS) network. This network includes a range of satellites that uses microwave signals that are being transmitted to GPS devices to give information on locations, vehicle speed, time and direction.

• It provide real time and past navigation data.

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Mobile CameraThe sequence of events of image formation and storage in a Smartphone is as follows:-

Light from the object

Camera’s Digital Sensor’s Pixels

Imprint of the object (passed to)

Color Filters (generate)

Analog Electric Signal (A-D converter)

Digital Signal

Stored in Chips

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Chips are of two types:

1.Charged-Coupled Devices(CCDs).2.Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductors(CMOSs)

• Both these Silicon Chips detect light and covert light photons into electrical energy(Video).

•CMOS provide better quality images then CCDs.

• The earlier technology used to be VGA(Visual Graphics Array) which is obsolete nowadays.

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Motion Sensor•These Sensors sense the change in the position of an object relative to its surroundings.

• The motion sensor used in mobiles is known as ‘ACCELEROMETER’ which measures linear acceleration. It translates motion into action on the screen. Advance accelerometer work on 6-axes (i.e. up & down, left & & right, forward & backward).These are often small Micro Electro Mechanical System(MEMS).

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• They provide many application (For ex. Allow users to monitor a fitness workout by measuring the number of steps, the speed and calories burn).

• The most popular application is Mobile Gaming which allows motion gestures such as swinging and shaking.

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Some Useful ‘Apps’•Talking Tom• You Tube•Shazam•MS Office•Online Dictionary•Internet radio