Multi-species Grazing - Arkansas Grazing Lands Coalition · Multi-species Grazing ... • Plan for...
Transcript of Multi-species Grazing - Arkansas Grazing Lands Coalition · Multi-species Grazing ... • Plan for...
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Multi-species Grazing
Greg Brann, Grazing and Soil Health Specialist
Perspective of Presentation: Multi- species Producer
Evolution to Multi-species Grazing Rated R - Sex
1995
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Ultra-High Stock Density / Short Duration
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High Density short duration grazing is best
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Reasons for Multi-species Grazing Disclaimer: livestock preferences vary
according to experience and management $ Weed Control $ Nutrient recycling $ Hay savings $ Grazing next to each others poop (zone of repugnance) $ Serve as vacuums for each others internal parasites $ Increased stocking rate 24% above cattle alone $ Breeding age $ Short gestation $ Yrlg Lambs equal mothers wt $ Increased income, cash flow $$$ $ Fun and entertaining
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Sheep less attracted to hay than cattle Goats like hay much more than sheep
Winter of 2013/2014 is different
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Evolution of infrastructure and Selection thru culling
1. Boundary fence- multi-strand (6 strand preferred) 2. Low wire most important, don’t turn it on till you
need it 4 strand or more. High grass makes bottom wire look lower
3. Low stocking rate of small ruminants free roaming 4. Hub fenced first (woven wire with offset hot wire) 5. Retrofit Cross fence: initially 3 strand poly wire or
electro-net, then 4 strand HT permanent fences, radiating from the hub
6. Farm history: Cattle first, added goats, then sheep, then more sheep, now cattle
7. No hay made on farm, purchased
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Current Inventory • 500 ewes 100 AU • 500 lambs (0.5 yr) 50 AU • 50 nannies 8 AU • 75 kids (0.5 yr) 5 AU • 60 cows 72 AU • 20 heifers 12 AU
~1200 animals Total 297 AU still lambing • 330 acres of upland pasture = 1.1 ac/ AU (too high!) • 16 permanent pastures divided into 45 paddocks • Stock density 4,000 to 70,000 lb/ac
Perspective of presentation: Goal of my operation: “A low cost, low stress, grazing operation that
improves production and the environment while being consistently profitable”.
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Introducing New Species
• Place new species in woven wire hub with offset electric fence
• Graze herd beside the hub for a minimum of 3 days
• Introduce new species after herd has been rotated to fresh grass
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2006 Cattle rotationally grazed with goats free ranging
• If stocking rate of sheep is too high • cattle performance will be sacrificed • cattle are always the second grazer
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2013 One herd for grass management but be aware of pecking order and nutritional demands
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January Bale grazing, 42” wire to hold cows back
34” to hold back steers 3 polywire to hold back sheep and goats
wire spacing (7”-8”-12”) 27” tall
Place rolls on low fertility or weedy sites, relocate every time you place a roll
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Late March
Fence the long direction to make new paddocks and leave it up longer less single strand due to impact on cattle
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Turn your head, cover your eyes
SEX SCENE is
next
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Fence the long direction and leave it up longer
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April blocks in water tank for escape
and high water level
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Overview of Forage Management Considerations
• Maintain minimum grazing height for desired forage species
• Keep light to the desired forage species • Fertility Management • High stock density short duration grazing • Long parallel fences with water placed in every
other fenceline • Plan for a hub or central point when planning
fences
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Keep them moving don’t allow stock to take a second
bite of desirable plants
Hayed too many years nutrients mined out
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Moving stock is not a problem, be sure
they are all standing up before calling
them
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Extend your roots with fungus!
Raise grazing height and maintain cover: improve infiltration, moisture holding, increase biology
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Mulch No Mulch
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Targeted Grazing • Sheep: buttercup, other herbaceous weeds
• Goats: woody plants like briars, multiflora rose, corral berry and ironweed
• Cattle: best at treading impact, wingstem weed is not readily consumed but eaten better by cattle than other species
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Multiflora rose a delicacy
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Multiflora rose after grazing
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Wheat and Spiny Amaranth
7 day graze - 28 day rest
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Curly Dock before grazed
Goats often prefer more mature forage
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Stemmed Curly dock
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Burdock and white clover in wheat
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Stemmed Burdock
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Ironweed (preferred)
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Lambsquarter and Common Ragweed before grazing
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Lambs quarter and Common ragweed 1 week after grazing (preferred)
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Blackberry briars and Tall fescue before grazing
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Blackberry briars and Tall fescue after grazing
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Blackberry stemmed
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Grazing Woods
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Need to fence woods separate, not much forage in woods needs a long recovery
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Early July (short dry spell) Sheep and Cattle sharing water
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July- rented farm, 225 sheep on 100 acres
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August Sericea and briars
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Grazing Corn Are we suppose to be in here?
What is this stuff?
150,000 ppa, drilled
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Later Day 1, 8/10/2012
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Path for fence knocked down with truck,
3 wire poly fence
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6 days grazing, Note: Goat heads high,
Sheep heads low, Cattle in tall corn
Goats
Sheep
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High Choice steer harvested after grazing corn 18 days, 36 mo. old
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August 18, Day 8, of strip grazing Too much can be eaten
Not good residue (litter) management should have back fenced
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After Grazing Brown leaves shading green
Rested a little long
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Hay can cave and kill goats and sheep
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Late October typically self segregation
Sheep
Goats
Cattle
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Early November red tag notation to sale
mark ear tags with pig ear notcher for bad feet, bad famacha, messy tail, not shedding or sale.
Ear tag notch system
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November- in growing season only graze top 1/3 of plant
growth stops then take ½ leave ½.
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Mineral -in general 100 ppm Cu (caution) for all species, 3000 ppm Cu in hanging barrel for cattle, sometimes 34”
wire separates cattle from expensive sheep mineral and kelp
Late November-
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December Sericea hay, slick bottom, 34” wire to keep cattle away
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Same site as previous slide in August Pigs with Cattle, Goats, Dogs and Sheep
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Prairie Bromegrass adapted to shade and heavy manure areas
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Watch rumen fill
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Manure 85-57-190/cow/yr (.23-.15-.52/day)
e.g. Nutrients needed (120-30-30)/ .23-.15-.52 x herd number = days to graze to fertilize
120 N needed/ 23 (0.23x100) = 5 to 10 days due to N loss
Fertilize any crop with 100 cows, 11 days/ac= 256-156-572/ac,
Alchemy!
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Quick coupler for water
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Favorite water tank for Multi-species Rotate water point for nutrient mgmt.
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Chlorine in a bottle
• Gatorade or like container
• Cut holes in middle of container
• Insert 1” chlorine pool tablet
• Throw in trough spring box or other water source
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Happy as a pig in ____, Oh, Water Quality!
They roll in manure more than rooting in it
When acorns start dropping check fence
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Gated Water Point Overhead wire Floating braces
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Gate Arrangement- controlling livestock movement
16’ gates 90 degree
= 22.5’ gate openings
No post in center
To layout stake with string in center where gates swing together
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Predator control if no to little predator problem don’t shoot if it’s a problem declare war! • 2 dogs minimum,
– 1 per ~50 animals – Feed dogs with self feeder under shade
cloth • 1 donkey per flock (no ionophore) • 1 llama per flock (no ionophore) • Best to introduce fresh weaned guardian • Cattle serve a roll in predator control • Home farm: 5 dogs and 1 donkey • Rented farm: 4 dogs, 6 donkeys, and 2
llamas
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Timing and Marketing
• October 20: breeding of ewes and nannies. • May 11 breeding of cows • Lambs and kids born in March, no shelter, S. aspect • Calves born February 20 • Grass fed kids and lambs sold in September,
December or January. • Long yearling grass fed cattle sold in July or August • I contact direct marketers and offer previous weeks
auction mkt price, then sell rest at auction
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Good Stock If you have a good ram folks are going
to want your lambs • Mature Ram can breed 50 ewes x 1.7 lambs/ewe = 85
lambs/yr • Keep Ram 3 years x 85 lambs/yr = 255 lambs • Ram cost $500/255 lambs = $1.96 lamb/ $1.5/lb =
1.31lb gain / 150 days = .009 inc. adg needed • Retained ewe lambs are another benefit
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Potential
• Unlimited with high density short duration grazing • High fertility with no fertilizer • Weed control without herbicides • Cattle flow • Longer grazing season • Less hay fed • Management of grazing height • Less droughts and flooding • Improved water quality • More profit due to lower inputs and more pounds
produced per acre
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Just do it! • Have a goal • Consider Water Cycle, Mineral Cycle, Energy flow and
biological processes • Manage: cover, less disturbance, live roots and diversity • Stock so you have some flexibility in drought or winter • Keep forage in a vegetative state • Grazing is less than half the cost of hay and higher quality • Hay value in N, P and K is $61/ton • Manure is not waste it’s fertilizer ~$150/AU • Monitor rumen fill • Monitor manure: splatters, stackers and pumpkin pie • Long paddocks, leading to a hub • One herd but be aware of nutritional demand and pecking order
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Comments- Questions Ruminations?