Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP,...

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Multi-Particle Processes at Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29 th May 2008

Transcript of Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP,...

Page 1: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Multi-Particle Processes at Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELACthe LHC with HELAC

Malgorzata Worek

ITP, Karlsruhe University

Dresden 29th May 2008

Page 2: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Outline of the TalkOutline of the Talk

Introduction – Particle Physics Today The Large Hadron Collider The Higgs Boson Hunt State-of-the-Art for Multi-leg Processes Main Obstacles and Computational Complexity Leading Order level MC Programs HELAC Main Features and Numerical Results Summary & Outlook

In collaboration with: Costas G. Papadopoulos Alessandro Cafarella INP, NCSR “Δημόκριτος” Athens

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Particle Physics Today Particle Physics Today

Matter made of three generations of fermions → 1 lepton, 1 neutrino and 2 quarks for each generation

The interactions are mediated by four vector bosons → W, Z, photon γ, gluon g

Everything is massive besides the photon and gluon The mass differences are still shocking

→ mν < 1 eV, m

e = 0.5 MeV, m

Z = 91.187 GeV, m

t = 170.9 GeV

All of this fits into an elegant theory based on the symmetry group →

Not so many parameters ☺ →

SU3C⊗SU2L⊗U 1Y

,s,mW ,mZ ,mH ,mt ,mq,ml ,m ,UCKM ,UPMNS

Page 4: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Yet Something is Lacking !Yet Something is Lacking ! The symmetry actually forbids masses The elegant solution is given by the Higgs mechanism

Particles get their masses through the interaction with the Higgs boson condenstate in the vacum This theory predicts the existance of a new scalar particle that

we could not discover till now

The Mexican hat or champagne bottle ☺

Page 5: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Hunting for the HiggsHunting for the Higgs

Higgs Boson Mass Bounds The LHC can discover Higgs Boson in the whole allowed range

114 GeV < mH < 600 GeV

T. Hambye, K. Riesselmann Phys. Rev. D55 (1997) 7255 LEP Electroweak Working Group March 2008

not allowed

not allowed

allowed

consistency of perturbation theory

vacuum stability

Page 6: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

New Hope – Large Hadron ColliderNew Hope – Large Hadron Collider circumference: 27 kmdepth: 50 – 150 mstart: 2008running: 10 years before upgrade

CERNCERN

46º14'00''N6º03'00''E

Page 7: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

The Large Hadron ColliderThe Large Hadron Collider

Alice ATLAS CMS LHCb

Page 8: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

The Large Hadron ColliderThe Large Hadron Collider

Page 9: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Higgs Boson Discovery Channels Higgs Boson Discovery Channels Decay Width Branching Ratios

Dominant production mechanisms

Clean signals dependingon the mass range

Page 10: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Expected Cross Sections at the LHCExpected Cross Sections at the LHC

August 2008: turn on the machine Low luminosity:

High luminosity

Total inelastic pp cross section

Event rate at low/high luminosity

Interesting events are rare !

We need luminosity to be high to maximise number of events

L=1033cm−2s−1 ⇒ 10fb−1/ year

L=1034cm−2s−1 ⇒ 100 fb−1/ year

tot ≃ 80mb

R =Nevtsec

= ⋅L ≃ 108/s 109/s

ppW ≃ 150nb ≃ 10−5 tot

s = 14TeV

Page 11: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Final States at the LHC Final States at the LHC

Process Events/sec Events/year

JJet ET > 100 GeV 103 1010

Jet ET > 1 TeV 1.5x10-2 1.5x105

W -> lv 20 2x108

bb 5x105 5x1012

tt 1 107

WW -> lv lv 6x10-3 6x104

Provide description of these events, features of new physics processes (rates, distributions, details of the final states, overall multiplicities, etc. )

-

-

Page 12: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Event from the Theory Point of ViewEvent from the Theory Point of View

Stolen from the talk of Torbjorn Sjostrand, 'Physics at the Terascale' Kick-off Workshop, December 2007, DESY Hamburg

Page 13: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Event from the Theory Point of View Event from the Theory Point of View

Page 14: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Event from the Theory Point of View Event from the Theory Point of View

Page 15: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Event from the Theory Point of ViewEvent from the Theory Point of View

Page 16: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Event from the Theory Point of View Event from the Theory Point of View

Page 17: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Event from the Theory Point of View Event from the Theory Point of View

Page 18: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Event from the Theory Point of ViewEvent from the Theory Point of View

Page 19: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Event from the Theory Point of ViewEvent from the Theory Point of View

Page 20: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Event from the Theory Point of ViewEvent from the Theory Point of View

Page 21: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Event from the Theory Point of ViewEvent from the Theory Point of View

Page 22: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Event from the Theory Point of ViewEvent from the Theory Point of View

Page 23: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Real EventReal Event

Simulated production of a Higgs event in ATLAS

Page 24: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Monte Carlo GeneratorsMonte Carlo Generators

Physics program of two main LHC experiments ATLAS and CMS: - Discovery of Higgs boson - Search for signal of new physics beyond the SM

Signal events dug out from a bulk of background events Due to SM processes Mostly QCD processes, accompanied by additional electroweak bosons Final state - high number of jets or identified particles Reliable predictions for multi-particle final states needed ! All this can be described by Monte Carlo generators

- General purpose tools are PYTHIA, HERWIG and SHERPA - If you want matrix elements with more states you need LO MC - For example AlpGen, HELAC, MadEvent, Whizard, ...

Benchmarking against real data turns MC simulation into powerful tool !

Page 25: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Traditional MethodTraditional Method Number of Feynman diagrams contributing to at tree level g gn g

Number of sub-processes contributing to (4 & 5 flavours) pp e enj

Number of Feynman diagrams contributing to at tree level q q n g

  n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

FD 4 25 220 2,485 34,300 559,405 10,525,900 224,449,225

n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

FD 3 16 123 1,240 15,495 231,280 4,016,775 79,603,720    

    n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SP 4 12 94 158 620 876 2476

Page 26: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Biggest ObstaclesBiggest Obstacles

Complexity of calculation based on Feynman diagrams ~ n! Flavours of partons never detected (b-tagging) For given jet configuration very many contributing sub-processes Neither the colour nor the spin of any parton is observed Amplitude with p quark and q gluons contributions Amplitude peaks in complicated ways inside the momentum phase space Straightforward integration is impractical Search for efficient mappings - importance sampling

Automated calculation of the ME based on recursive equations & MC summation over helicity and colour as well as over flavour

2×3p2×8q

Page 27: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Complete Complete Standard ModelStandard Model

Convolution Convolution withwithPDFsPDFs

Features of a MC generatorFeatures of a MC generator

Summation over Summation over subprocessessubprocesses

Matching to Matching to parton showers parton showers

and hadronisationand hadronisation

ReliabilityReliability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

SpeedSpeed

FlexibilityFlexibility

Page 28: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Complete Complete Standard ModelStandard Model

Convolution Convolution withwithPDFsPDFs Summation over Summation over

subprocessessubprocesses

Matching to Matching to parton showers parton showers

and hadronisationand hadronisation

ReliabilityReliability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

SpeedSpeed

FlexibilityFlexibility

HELAC-PHEGASFortran code Fortran code

Page 29: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Complete Complete Standard ModelStandard Model

Convolution Convolution withwithPDFsPDFs Summation over Summation over

subprocessessubprocesses

Matching to Matching to parton showers parton showers

and hadronisationand hadronisation

ReliabilityReliability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

SpeedSpeed

FlexibilityFlexibility

Leading order without approximationsLeading order without approximations

Electroweak, QCD and mixed contributions Unitary and Feynman gauges Fixed width and complex mass schemes for unstable particles All correlations (colour, spin) taken into account naturally Non-zero fermion masses CKM matrix and Running couplings

Page 30: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Complete Complete Standard ModelStandard Model

Convolution Convolution withwithPDFsPDFs Summation over Summation over

subprocessessubprocesses

Matching to Matching to parton showers parton showers

and hadronisationand hadronisation

ReliabilityReliability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

SpeedSpeed

FlexibilityFlexibility

Standalone version with build-in CTEQ6L1 Interface to the LHAPDF

Page 31: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Complete Complete Standard ModelStandard Model

Convolution Convolution withwithPDFsPDFs Summation over Summation over

subprocessessubprocesses

Matching to Matching to parton showers parton showers

and hadronisationand hadronisation

ReliabilityReliability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

SpeedSpeed

FlexibilityFlexibility

Lepton colliders, TeVatron, LHC Summation over all sub-processes

Page 32: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Complete Complete Standard ModelStandard Model

Convolution Convolution withwithPDFsPDFs Summation over Summation over

subprocessessubprocesses

Matching to Matching to parton showers parton showers

and hadronisationand hadronisation

ReliabilityReliability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

SpeedSpeed

FlexibilityFlexibility

Parton level weighted/unweigted events Parton shower and hadronisation via interface to PYTHIA Merging parton showers and matrix elements via MLM scheme Also possible via CKKW scheme - HERWIG++ LHA files and interfacing routines

Page 33: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Complete Complete Standard ModelStandard Model

Convolution Convolution withwithPDFsPDFs Summation over Summation over

subprocessessubprocesses

Matching to Matching to parton showers parton showers

and hadronisationand hadronisation

ReliabilityReliability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

SpeedSpeed

FlexibilityFlexibility

PHEGAS – phase space generatorPHEGAS – phase space generator

Automatic multi-channel phase-space mapping Self-adapting procedure to reshape the generated phase space density For example: per mille level tt + 0,1,2 jets (6,7,8 final states) with full

off-shell and finite width effects -

Page 34: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Complete Complete Standard ModelStandard Model

Convolution Convolution withwithPDFsPDFs Summation over Summation over

subprocessessubprocesses

Matching to Matching to parton showers parton showers

and hadronisationand hadronisation

ReliabilityReliability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

SpeedSpeed

FlexibilityFlexibility

Straightforward inclusion of new physics effects New models: for example MSSM (under way) New couplings: for example effective Hγγ and Hgg

couplings (completed, available in the next version)

Page 35: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Complete Complete Standard ModelStandard Model

Convolution Convolution withwithPDFsPDFs Summation over Summation over

subprocessessubprocesses

Matching to Matching to parton showers parton showers

and hadronisationand hadronisation

ReliabilityReliability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

SpeedSpeed

FlexibilityFlexibility

3n complexity due to the Dyson-Schwinger recursive algorithm Monte Carlo summation over:

- helicity configurations - color configurations (completed, available in the next version) - subprocesses (under way) Trivial parallelization over clusters (LSF at CERN)

Page 36: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Complete Complete Standard ModelStandard Model

Convolution Convolution withwithPDFsPDFs Summation over Summation over

subprocessessubprocesses

Matching to Matching to parton showers parton showers

and hadronisationand hadronisation

ReliabilityReliability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

SpeedSpeed

FlexibilityFlexibility

Arbitrary cuts, distributions and scale choices Configuration via scripts Compilers: Lahey Fujitsu, Intel Fortran, GNU gfortran/g95 Multiprecision numerics

Page 37: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Dyson-Schwinger RecursionDyson-Schwinger Recursion Alternative to Feynman Diagrams representation Express n-point Green's functions in terms of 1-, 2-,... (n-1)-point functions Diagrammatic representation, e.g. QED-like theory Interaction of a spinor field to a gauge boson

Sub-amplitude with off-shell boson of momentum P Blobs denote sub-amplitude with the same structure

bP = ∑n=1

nP=P i

bP i ∑P=P1P2

ig

P2

P1P1 ,P2

Page 38: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Dyson-Schwinger RecursionDyson-Schwinger Recursion

For fermion with momentum P

For antifermion with momentum P

P = ∑i=1

nP−P i ℘P i ∑P=P1P2

ig℘bP2P1 P1 ,P2

P = ∑i=1

nP−P i P i ℘ ∑P=P1P2

ig P1bP2℘P1 ,P2

Page 39: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Multi-jet final state Multi-jet final state

How to simulate hard processes with additional hard radiation

Matrix element:

- Exact at some given order in αs

- all interferences are included

- High energetic and well separated partons - Soft/Collinear regions are not adequately described – luck of multiple unresolved gluon emission - Difficult to match to hadronisation models

Parton Showers:

- Include logarithmically enhanced soft and collinear contributions of parton emissions - Able to connect both hard and fragmentation scales - Not enough high energetic gluons are emitted that have large angle from the shower initiator

Clearly two descriptions complement each other !

Page 40: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Matching ME to PS Matching ME to PS Goal

LL accuracy in the prediction of final state with varying number of extra jets

Problem

Double Counting - jet can appear both from hard emission during shower evolution and from inclusion of higher order ME

Solution

Matching algorithm

Recipe

Cross section for each multiplicity N are calculating using LO ME for N partons Followed by full shower evolution Removal of double counting via inclusion of Sudakov form factors in the LO ME Vetoing shower evolutions leading to multiparton final state already described ME

Page 41: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Matching ME to PSMatching ME to PS

A few algorithms along these lines: CKKW-L, MLM

Differ mainly: - Jet definition used for the ME evaluation - Way the ME rejection weights are constructed - Details concerning starting conditions of jet vetoing inside PS

Have similar systematics: - Residual dependence on the phase space separation cut Q

cut

- Variations with the number of ME legs

- Dependencies on the internal jet algorithm

Page 42: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Example pp Example pp →→ W + jets W + jets LHCLHC

Cross sections in pb for inclusive jet rates Range of variation normalized to the

average value Inclusive E

T spectra of leading 4 jets

J. Alwall et al. Eur. Phys. J. C53 (2008) 473

Page 43: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Systematic StudiesSystematic Studies

HELAC systematics at the LHC

pT spectrum of W

η distribution of leading jet ΔR separation distribution of the clustering

scale (di logarithmic spectra)

Full line default settings

Shaded area range between

Points represents different

matching scale

=0/2 =0⋅2

LHCLHC

J. Alwall et al. Eur. Phys. J. C53 (2008) 473

Page 44: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Systematic StudiesSystematic Studies

SHERPA systematics at the LHC

Line default settings Shaded area range between

Points represents different matching scale 20%-40% effects Change in matching scale -

effects smaller than or of the order of those induced by the variation of Differences within each code

are as large as the differences between the codes

=0/2 =0⋅2

s

LHCLHC

J. Alwall et al. Eur. Phys. J. C53 (2008) 473

Page 45: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Performance tt+jet Production Performance tt+jet Production

87 (3) graphs gg, 40 (1) graph qq with Higgs boson contribution 9 subprocesses α

S

2α 4

Time: ‰ ~ 10 (4) min.

558 (16) graphs gg 246 (5) qq, gq, qg with Higgs boson contribution 25 subprocesses α

S

3α 4

Time: ‰ ~ 106 (34) min.

Intel Pentium 1.7 GHzIntel Fortran

pp t t

pp t t1jet

Page 46: Multi-Particle Processes at the LHC with HELAC Processes at the LHC with HELAC Malgorzata Worek ITP, Karlsruhe University Dresden 29th May 2008 Outline of the Talk Introduction –

Summary & OutlookSummary & Outlook

HELAC–PHEGAS - Framework for high energy phenomenology - Standard Model fully included - Tested - Ready to be used for LHC, TeVatron, ILC - High colour charge processes - Multijet production - Testing phase - To be available very soon

HELAC MSSM - Development phase

HELAC

http://helac-phegas.web.cern.ch/helac-phegas/

arXiv:0710.2427 [hep-ph]