Multi-National Enterprises and their Custom

International business managementResearch Project

Multi-National Enterprises and their Custom1) Introduction:

The custom or culture in relation to MNEs in general, stated as for appearance, behaviour, and communication about

the countries and for the companies who are interested to establish business globally makes a clear study in relation to

their market culture, custom, business etiquette, and others in order to match their requirements and manage business

efficiently and effectively.

It is also suggested while establishing business externally to hire area representative or manager from the same

country or citizen residing around 25 years and totally aware of their nature and culture of business.

The custom in a country varies from different categories and they are language, society, religion, marriage, culture

(current or past) and so on.

2) Objectives:

The purpose of this project research Multi-National Enterprises Custom is to identify an awareness of MNEs general

custom and complicated custom.

On completion of this research I will be aware about listed countries custom and their culture and their suitability of

doing successful business and establishing multinational companies.

3) Executive Summary:

Custom includes the areas and they are: etiquette, manners, and cross cultural, or intercultural communication have

become critical elements required for all International and Global Business directors, assistant executives, managers, and

employees.

As international, multinational, transnational, multi domestic, and global business continues to expand and bring

people closer, the most important element of successful business outcomes may be the appreciation and respect for

regional, country, and cultural differences - known as cultural diversity.

Learning the skills of proper etiquette, manners, and intercultural communication contained in these pages of the

International Business custom and culture will give a wealth of information and resources that can be immediately apply

during international business travels and overseas assignments.

By the end of this project there will be conclusions benefiting and outcome for people who concentrates in these

areas before traveling and doing business globally

Zubaidah Abdul Rehman, 20042080, BIS of 23


Multi-National Enterprises and their Custom4) Description:

The detailed categories will involve:

1. Appearance

Highlights business etiquette do's and don'ts involving Dress, Clothing, Body Language, and Gestures

2. Behavior

Highlights business etiquette do's and don'ts involving Dining, Gifts, Meetings, and General behavioral guidelines

3. Communication

Highlights business etiquette do's and don'ts involving Greetings, Introductions, and Conversational guidelines

5) List of MNEs:

As per the International Business Management text book the below is the top list of MNEs and

their number of MNEs around the world is mentioned in the right row:

MNEs Country Number of MNEs

US 176

Japan 112

S. Korea 12

Switzerland 12

Canada 8

Australia 7

Brazil 5

China 4

Norway 2

Hong Kong 1

Taiwan 1

Malaysia 1

Mexico 1

Venezuela 1

Russia 1

India 1



Multi-National Enterprises and their Custom5.1. United States

5.1.1. AppearanceBusiness suit and tie are appropriate in all major cities.

Wear dark colored business suits in classic colors of gray and navy.

For an important formal meeting, choose a white dress shirt, for less

formal a light blue shirt will still give you a conservative appearance.

Women should wear a suit or dress with jacket in major cities.

Wearing classic clothing and classic colors of navy, gray, ivory, and white will ensure you give a confident

and conservative appearance.

Rural areas and areas with extremely warm summers have more informal wardrobe requirements.

Women may wear a business dress, or skirt and blouse, in rural areas.

Men may conduct business without wearing a jacket and/or tie in rural areas.

The formality of a meeting, even in rural areas, may dictate a sports jacket and tie for men. The same

formality will require a woman to wear a dress, possibly with a jacket.

Casual clothing is appropriate when not attending a work related meeting/dinner. Building a casual

wardrobe using classic lines and colors (navy, gray, camel, ivory and white) will give you a look that is

stylish and professional even when you are relaxing.

Clothing, whether formal or casual, should be clean and neat in appearance.

Men may generally wear jeans or khaki pants with a shirt for casual attire.

Women may wear comfortably fitting slacks with a casual shirt. Wearing jeans or shorts, even in a casual

setting, may be inappropriate for the city. It is better to err on the conservative side if you are not sure.

5.1.2. Behavior Business conversation may take place during meals. However, many times you will find more social

conversation taking place during the actual meal.

Business meetings may be arranged as breakfast meetings, luncheon meetings, or dinner meetings

depending on time schedules and necessity. Generally a dinner, even though for business purposes, is

treated as a social meal and a time to build rapport.

Gift giving is discouraged or limited by many US companies. A gracious written note is always appropriate

and acceptable.

If you do give a gift, it should not appear to be a bribe.

An invitation for a meal or a modest gift is usually acceptable.

If you are someplace with a line or queue, go to the end and wait your turn.

Do not use or chew on a toothpick in public.



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomMany public places and private homes do not allow smoking. In some areas laws have been passed to

prevent smoking in public places.

5.1.3. Communications Offer a firm handshake, lasting 3-5 seconds, upon greeting and leaving. Maintain good eye contact during

your handshake. If you are meeting several people at once, maintain eye contact with the person you are

shaking hands with, until you are moving on the next person.

Good eye contact during business and social conversations shows interest, sincerity and confidence.

Good friends may briefly embrace, although the larger the city, usually the more formal the behavior.

Introductions include one's title if appropriate, or Mr., Ms, Mrs. and the full name.

Business cards are generally exchanged during introductions. However, they may be exchanged when one

party is leaving.

A smile is a sign of friendliness, and in rural areas you may be

greeted with a "hello" rather than a handshake.

Ask permission to smoke before lighting a cigarette or cigar.

Due to health concerns, you may or may not be given

permission.

In order to have effective communications avoid using British

terms, words, and examples. As it might humiliate or distract

your business conversation.

o This can be done by understanding and making search about the differences in American and

British language and their differences on specific terms, format, style, words, idioms, and so on.

5.2. Japan

5.2.1. AppearanceThose who dress according to their status or position impress the

Japanese. Dress to impress.

Men should wear dark conservative attire. Business suits are most

suitable.

Casual dress is never appropriate in a business setting.

Shoes should be easy to remove, as you will do so often. Slip-ons are

the best choice.

Women should not wear pants in a business situation. Japanese men tend to find it offensive.



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomWomen’s dress should be conservative. Little emphasis should be placed on accessories. They should be

minimal.

Women should only wear low-heeled shoes to avoid towering over men.

Avoid using large hand gestures, unusual facial expressions and any dramatic movements.

Maintaining serious expression shows your great interest in the project or business dealings.

The Japanese do not talk with their hands and to do so could distract your host.

Avoid the "OK" sign; in Japan it means money.

Pointing in not acceptable.

Do no blow your nose in public

Personal space is valued. Because the Japanese live in such a densely populated area, they value their

personal space.

A smile can have double meaning. It can express either joy or displeasure. Use caution with your facial

expressions. They can be easily misunderstood.

The Japanese are not uncomfortable with silence. They use it to their advantage in many situations. Allow

your host to sit in silence.

However in Japanese culture and custom there are many do’s and don'ts that require a heavy study or research

and concentration plus practice before planning for any business trip.

5.2.2. Behavior The word for toasting is kampai, pronounced 'kahm-pie'. When toasting the glass is never left unfilled.

Drinking is an important part of Japanese culture. It is a way to relieve business stress.

Never pour a drink yourself; always allow someone else to do it for you.

Most business entertaining is done in restaurants or bars after business hours. Often in karaoke or "hostess

bars." Businesswomen should not attend "hostess bars."

Let the host order the meal and pay. Business may be discussed at dinner during these events.

Japanese rarely entertain in the home. If you are invited to the home of your Japanese host, consider it a great

honor and display a tremendous amount of appreciation.

If you are invited to a social event, punctuality is not expected. It is the custom to be "fashionably late."

If you do take your host out insist upon paying. The Japanese will refuse but insist. They will prefer that you

choose a Western-style restaurant when entertain them.

Key phrases to learn are "itadakimasu" at the beginning of dinner, and "gochisou-sama-deshita" at the end.

It is polite use these phrase and it will show you host that you have enjoyed the meal.

"Sumimasen" (excuse-me) is a very useful term to add to your vocabulary along with the phrase "kekko desu"

(I've had enough).



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomIt is perfectly acceptable to slurp your noodles. Doing so will exhibit your enjoyment of your food. To do

otherwise, indicates that your meal was not a pleasant one.

Do not openly display money. It is rare to see it given from person to person in Japan. It is important to use an

envelope to pass money.

In Asia the number 14 is bad luck, because in Japanese it sounds like the word ‘shuh-shuh’, which sounds

like the word for death.

Tipping is not expected.

Gift giving is very important both business and personal gifts.

Always wrap gifts. The selection of the wrapping paper is critical.

o Do not give anything wrapped in white as it symbolizes death.

o Do not use bright colors or bows to wrap the gift.

o It is better to have the hotel or the store wrap the gift to ensure that it is appropriate.

Do not surprise the recipient with the gift. Give your host some warning during the evening that you intend to

give them a present.

Give the gift with both hands and accept gifts with hands.

Generally, gifts will not be opened in your presence. If your host insists that you open the gift do so gingerly.

They take pride in gift wrapping, show that you appreciation the effort.

Gifts should be given at the end of a visit.

The most popular gift giving occasions in Japan are oseibo, which falls at the end of the year and O-chugen

which falls during the middle of the year.

Good gift ideas include top choice beef, fruit and alcohol such as brandy, quality whiskey and Bourbon along

with excellent wines. They also appreciate gifts from high-end department stores like Saks and Neiman

Marcus.

The Japanese frown on open displays of affection. They do not touch in public. It is highly inappropriate to

touch someone of the opposite sex in public.

5.2.3. Communications In Japan, business cards are called meishi.

Upon receiving the business card the etiquettes are…

o Japanese give and receive meishi with both hands.

o It should be printed in your home language on one side and Japanese on the other.

o Present the card with the Japanese language side up.

The card will contain the name and title along with the company name, address and telephone number of the

businessman.

Take special care in handling cards that are given to you.



Multi-National Enterprises and their Customo Do not write on the card.

o Do not put the card in you pocket or wallet, as either of these actions will be viewed as defacing or

disrespecting the business card.

o Upon receipt of the card, it is important to make a photocopy of the name and title of the individual

in your mind.

o Examine the card carefully as a show of respect.

o In a business situation, business cannot begin:

Until the meishi exchange process is complete.

The customary greeting is the bow. However, some Japanese may greet you with a handshake, albeit a weak

one. Do not misinterpret a weak handshake as an indication of character.

If you are greeted with a bow, return with a bow as low as the one you received. How low you bow

determines the status of the relationship between you and the other individual. When you bow keep your eyes

low and your palms flat next to your thighs. The business card should be given after the bow.

In introductions use the person’s last name plus the word san which means Mr. or Ms. the Japanese prefer to

use last names.

o Do not request that they call you by your first name

only.

o If you are uncertain about the pronunciation of a

name, ask for assistance.

Understand that the Japanese prefer not to use the word no. If

you ask a question they may simply respond with a yes but

clearly mean no. Understanding this is critical in the

negotiation process.

In Asia the number 14 is bad luck, because in Japanese it

sounds like the word ‘shuh-shuh’, which sounds like the word for death.

5.3. Canada

5.3.1. AppearancePlan for a very cold climate, especially during their winter.

Men and women should wear a dark conservative business suit with tie,

especially in cities.

o Build a wardrobe based on classic lines (selecting suits with a

traditional lapel width, and ties staying within a traditional

width range).



Multi-National Enterprises and their Customo Conservative colors of navy and gray, and shirts in white and light blue.

Women should wear a conservative business suit or dress, especially in cities. Select your clothing with classic

lines and colors in mind. Navy, gray, ivory, and white are the basics to work with. The major cities can be very

sophisticated.

New or trendy clothing is a poor choice. Older, classic clothing that is clean and neat is more valued. Choosing

quality, natural fibers for your wardrobe will give you this look. Quality leather shoes are important to

completing this look.

Rural areas are less formal, but stay conservative in your wardrobe. Even with cold winter weather you may

find yourself in a skirt or dress. Add a good quality long coat with minimal and classic detail to your wardrobe.

In addition to navy and gray, a classic camel coat, or a lined Burberry may be a good addition. This will work

for a sophisticated city meeting, or a more casual rural meeting.

Casual attire is appropriate when you are not working. The weather and activity will dictate what you will be

wearing. Build a casual wardrobe using the classic colors (camel is additional color for casual). You will look

professional, even though relaxed.

The "V for Victory" sign is an insult if your palm is facing yourself. If you must use this sign, face your palm

outward.

5.3.2. Behavior Be punctual for meetings and appointments, as promptness is valued.

o In French areas, time is more relaxed.

o However, you will be expected to arrive at the appointed time, even if the French attending the meeting

don't.

Always maintain a reserved demeanor, and follow good rules of etiquette. Traditions and gracious manners are

part of the culture, even in more rural areas. If you travel to different cities or areas, pay attention to local

customs. By being observant, you will respect the pace and nuances of each area.

Do not eat while walking in public. Plan your time so you can stop in a café or restaurant to enjoy your snack.

Gifts are not routinely given. If you do give a gift when you arrive or when you are leaving, make it a modest

one. A lavish gift, though accepted, would be frowned upon.

Gifts are given to celebrate finalizing a negotiation, a contract, or a project.

Taking a business associate to a nice meal or an evening sporting event, play, or symphony is always a nice

gesture.

Invitations to private homes are rare. Occasionally, in the western provinces, you may be invited to someone's

home. If you are invited, you may take candy, flowers, or liquor to the host or hostess.

Wait for your host to start a business conversation during or following a meal.

Traditionally, business is not discussed during dinner; however, this is slowly changing.



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomPersonal space and body movement or gestures differ between the English and the French provinces and cities.

In English areas, body movement is minimal, there is rarely touching other than handshakes, and personal

space - how close someone stands - is about two feet. In French areas, people stand closer together, people will

frequently touch, and gestures are more expressive.

5.3.3. Communications Use a firm handshake with good eye contact when meeting and leaving. Both French and English areas use and

expect a firm handshake.

Men will wait for a woman to extend her hand for a handshake.

French Canadians will shake hands more frequently, even with a subsequent encounter the same day. Others

may just nod or smile at a subsequent encounter on the same day.

Use a person's title if he or she has one. Otherwise, use Mr., Mrs., Miss and the surname.

English is spoken in most of Canada. French is spoken in Quebec, and some area of Nova Scotia and New

Brunswick

French Canadians may use their first name when talking to you on the telephone, but will generally use their

full name when meeting you in person.

Be open and friendly in your conversation.

o If you are naturally reserved in your behavior, you will appear confident and credible.

o If your natural tendency is large sweeping arm gestures, restrain yourself when meeting and talking

with Canadians - other than with French Canadians.

French Canadians stand closer and are more demonstrative when talking.

For French Canadians, print all material in French and English.

Don't be boastful, and don't overstate your

product or service's capabilities. You could

implicate your company in a legal situation.

If you are from the U. S., don't say, "we

Americans", inferring you are including your

Canadian hosts or guests in your reference.

Canada is a distinct country with its own

wonderful history and culture.

5.4. Australia

5.4.1. AppearanceMen wear a conservative dark business suit and tie.



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomWomen may wear a dress, or skirt and blouse, for business.

Informal clothing is appropriate when not attending business functions.

Casual pants are fine for both men and women.

Men should not become physically demonstrative with another man, or wink at a woman.

5.4.2. Behavior Being punctual is critical.

Maintain good eye contact during meetings and conversations.

A single, male passenger using a taxi should sit in the front seat.

Gift giving is not a common practice in business.

You may bring a small gift of chocolate, wine or flowers if invited to someone's home.

When paying for a round of drinks, do not pick up the tab out of turn, and make sure to pay when it is your

turn.

Should you approach a line/queue, go to the end/back and wait your turn.

Do not litter.

5.4.3. Communications English is the spoken language

Shake hands when meeting and when leaving.

Although uncommon, some women may greet each other with a kiss on the cheek.

Exchanging business cards is common among

professional workers.

Australians are friendly and open, but directness and

brevity are valued.

Opinions are respected, and opinionated discussions

are entertaining.

Be an active listener, and ask if you do not understand

something in the conversation.

Do not hype yourself, your company or your

information.

Sightseeing and sports are good conversational topics

Afternoon tea is about 4:00pm

Tea is between 6:00 - 8:00pm and is an evening meal

Supper is a late night light meal or snack



Multi-National Enterprises and their Custom5.5. Brazil

5.5.1. AppearanceThree-piece suits carry an "executive" connotation, whereas two-piece suits are associated with office

workers.

o Conservative attire for women in business is very important.

o Also make sure your nails are manicured

The colors of the Brazilian flag are yellow and green. Avoid wearing this

combination in any fashion

Touching arms and elbows and backs very common

The O. K. hand signal a rude gesture in Brazil

To express appreciation, a Brazilian may appear to pinch his earlobe between thumb and forefinger

To invoke good luck, place your thumb between your index an middle finders while making a fist. This is

also known as the "fig"

Flicking the fingertips underneath the chin indicates that you do not know the answer to a question

5.5.2. Behavior Make appointments at least two weeks in advance.

Never try to make impromptu calls at business or government offices.

Be prepared to commit long term resources (both in time and money) toward establishing strong

relationships in Brazil. This is the key to business success.

Some regions have a casualness about both time and work. However San Paulo is not one of those, and in

Rio casual refers to the personal and social events, not business. In these two cities, business meetings tend

to start on time

Never start into business discussions before your host does.

Business meetings normally begin with casual 'chatting' first

Midday the normal time for the main meal.

A light meal is common at night, unless entertaining formally.

American coffee is a mere shadow of Brazilian coffee. Expect to be served small cups of very strong coffee

In Brazil, restaurant entertainment prevails versus at home.

If entertained in the home, it is polite to send flowers to the hostess the next day, with a thank-you note

Giving a gift is not required at a first business meeting; instead buy lunch or dinner

Purple flowers are extensively used at funerals, so be cautious when giving someone purple flowers. Violets

are OK to give.

Toast: Saude or Viva (Sah-OO-Day, VEE-va)



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomTipping is typically 10% in Brazil

If you here the term jeito - it refers to the idea that nothing is set in stone, that a good attempt can break a

rule.

5.5.3. Communications Handshaking, often for a long time, is common.

Shake hands for hello and goodbye; use good eye contact; when leaving a small group, be sure to shake

hands with everyone present

When women meet, they exchange kisses by placing their cheeks together and kissing the air

First names used often, but titles important

Music and long, animated conversation are favorite Brazilian habits. When conversing, interruptions

viewed as enthusiasm. Brazilians enjoy joking, informality, and friendships

Portuguese is the language of Brazil

Good conversation topics: soccer, family, and children

Bad conversation topics: Argentina, politics, poverty, religion, and the Rain

Forest

Stay away from phases such as, "Is it true that everyone in Brazil is either

very rich or very poor?" It is very likely you will be talking with someone

that isn't either one

5.6. China

5.6.1. Appearance Conservative suits for men with subtle colors are the norm.

Women should avoid high heels and short sleeved blouses. The Chinese

frown on women who display too much.

Subtle, neutral colors should be worn by both men and women.

Casual dress should be conservative as well.

Men and women can wear jeans. However, jeans are not acceptable for business meetings.Revealing clothing for women is considered offensive to Chinese businessmen.

5.6.2. Behavior Do not use large hand movements.

o The Chinese do not speak with their hands.



Multi-National Enterprises and their Customo Your movements may be distracting to your host.

Personal contact must be avoided at all cost. It is highly inappropriate for a man to touch a woman in

public.

Do not point when speaking.

To point do not use your index finger, use an open palm.

It is considered improper to put your hand in your mouth.

Avoid acts that involve the mouth.

Gift giving is a very delicate issue in China.

It is illegal to give gifts to government official however; it has become more commonplace in the business

world.

It is more acceptable to give gifts either in private or to a group as a whole to avoid embarrassment.

The most acceptable gift is a banquet.

Quality writing pens as considered favored gifts.

The following gifts and/or colors are associated with death and should not be given:

• Clocks

• Straw sandals

• A stork or crane

• Handkerchiefs

• Anything white, blue or black

Always arrive on time or early if you are the guest.

Do not discuss business at meals.

Do not start to eat or drink prior to the host.

As a cultural courtesy, you should taste all the dishes you are offered.

Sample meals only, there may be several courses.

Never place your chopsticks straight up in your bowl. By placing your sticks upright in your bowl your will

remind your host of joss sticks which connotes death.

Do not drop the chopsticks it is considered bad luck.

Do not eat all of your meal.

o If you eat all of your meal, the Chinese will assume you did not receive enough food and are still

hungry.

Women do not usually drink at meals.

Tipping is considered insulting, however the practice is becoming more common.

5.6.3. Communications Bowing or nodding is the common greeting; however, you may be offered a handshake.



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomWait for the Chinese to offer their hand first.

Applause is common when greeting a crowd; the same is expected in return.

Introductions are formal. Use formal titles.

Often times Chinese will use a nickname to assist Westerners.

Being on time is vital in China.

Appointments are a must for business.

Contacts should be made prior to your trip.

Bring several copies of all written documents for your meetings.

The decision making process is slow. You should not expect to conclude your business swiftly.

Many Chinese will want to consult with the stars or wait for a lucky day before they make a decision.

Present and receive cards with both hands.

Never write on a business card or put it in your wallet or pocket.

Carry a small card case.

The most important member of your company or group should lead

important meetings. Chinese value rank and status.

o For instance if CEO is present in the meeting Executive

Assistant should not lead the meeting.

Develop a working knowledge of Chinese culture.

Allow the Chinese to leave a meeting first.

5.7. Hong Kong

5.7.1. AppearanceThe color red is considered a lucky color in Hong Kong.

When dressing for a business meeting selects a red tie to impress your host.

The color white is synonymous with death.

5.7.2. Behavior The toast is an integral part of the culture in Hong Kong.

All countries have a standard toast however each country has a different pronunciation for the word toast.

Ganbei is the popular Chinese toast. It means dry glass or bottoms up.

The guest of honor makes the first toast.

Follow the lead of your host when dining.

Do not blow your nose at the table or in public.



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomDo not rub your chopstick together before dining. It implies that you have been given poor quality

chopsticks that may have splinters.

It is impolite to refuse to drink. Even if you do not drink, accept it and toast with your host.

Drinking helps to relax the host and is an important part of the relationship building phase in Chinese

business culture.

Gift giving is a very important part of Chinese culture.

Bar hopping and karoke are standard means of entertainment.

Be prepared to be taken out on the town almost every night during your stay in Hong Kong.

At close of trip, have a dinner for your host as show of respect.

5.7.3. Communications The handshake is fairly common in Hong Kong, however a slight bow will show a sign of respect.

A round of applause may greet you during your visit. The Chinese like to applaud. You are expected to

return the applause out of respect.

Because Hong Kong is so densely populated the Chinese tend to converse very closely together.

Silence is held in high regard in Hong Kong. Allow your host to contemplate without interruption.

Names are usually written in the following order the last

name first, middle name second and the first name last.

Use titles with names whenever possible.

Appointments are recommended.

Punctuality is expected.

Use only black and white materials for presentations, as

colors are very significant.

Patience is important. The Chinese do not make business

decisions quickly.

5.8. Taiwan

5.8.1. AppearanceConservative dress for men is changing rapidly to a more open style, due

largely in part to the younger staff.

Women should dress conservatively as well with a simple skirt and blouse.

Causal activities should reflect a modest dress.

Appearance should be neat and clean.

Winking is inappropriate in any situation.



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomDo not touch another person’s shoulders.

Do not touch anyone’s head particularly the head of someone’s child. Children are held in very high regard

in Taiwan.

Do not touch or point at anything with your feet, they are considered dirty.

5.8.2. Behavior Business hours are very similar to Western countries and may sometimes be longer as the Taiwanese

people are very hard working.

Business relationships are based on respect.

Meet face-to-face if possible.

Elders make the decisions.

Always include a senior executive in meetings.

Candor is not appreciated.

Divide topics into segments for presentations.

Direct presentations to the senior ranking individual.

Have all new products registered and or patented to avoid copying.

Translate all written documents.

Subtlety is key.

Modify tone and volume as not to appear loud.

Do not visit a home without an invitation.

Do not discard food from your mouth back to your plate or bowl.

Good topics during dinner include art, family, and Chinese sightseeing.

Gift giving is common practice in business.

Good choices are items with your company logo on them for your first visit to Taiwan.

Give and receive gifts with both hands.

Gifts will not be opened in your presence.

Food is a good gift.

Avoid giving knives, scissors or cutting tools as they symbolize the cutting off of friendships.

5.8.3. Communications A nod of your head is an appropriate greeting.

Handshakes are for casual meetings and introductions.

Bowing slightly is a good way to show respect with your hands to your sides and

your feet together - More Japanese than Chinese.

Business has become westernized and both men and women shake hands.



Multi-National Enterprises and their Custom"Have you eaten?’ is a standard greeting. It is more of a rhetorical question.

Always wait for introductions.

Punctuality is of great importance in Taiwan.

5.9. Mexico

5.9.1. AppearanceMen should wear a conservative dark suit and tie. Your wardrobe should include

suits that have classic lines and tailoring in gray or navy, and white or light blue

shirts. A white shirt is more formal and should be worn when the formality of

the meeting dictates.

Women should wear a dress or skirt and blouse. A classic suit may also be worn. Build a wardrobe using

classic lines, classic skirt lengths, and basic classic colors - gray, navy, white, and ivory.

Men may wear pants and a light shirt for casual. Plan a casual wardrobe using the classic colors, plus

camel, and you will be casual, yet polished. Should you have the opportunity to wear a guayabera, the

wonderful traditional lightweight shirt, you wear is out over your pants. This design is very comfortable in

warmer weather.

Women may wear a blouse with pants or a skirt for casual. To present yourself as professional and

polished, even in an informal setting, build your casual wardrobe using classic shades of gray, blue, camel,

white and ivory.

Jeans are generally not appropriate, and tight or low cut clothing is never appropriate.

Standing with your hands on your hips suggests aggressiveness, and keeping your hands in your pockets is

impolite.

Mexicans may not make eye contact. This is a sign of respect and should not be taken as an affront.

5.9.2. Behavior Men shake hands upon meeting and leaving, and will wait for a woman to be the first to offer her hand.

Women may shake hands with men and other women. Many times a woman may pat another woman's

shoulder or forearm, or kiss on the cheek.

Longtime friends may embrace, and after several meetings you may also be greeted with an embrace.

Punctuality is not rigid because of the emphasis on personal obligations. The best time for appointments is

between 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m., with late afternoon a second choice.

Business lunches, rather than dinners are the traditional form of business entertaining and are usually

prolonged affairs, beginning between 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. and lasting three to four hours, with little time

being devoted to actual business. Lunches are an essential part of business to establish a personal

relationship.



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomWorking breakfasts are also popular, meeting at 8:00 or 8:30 at your hotel, and usually lasting two hours at

the most.

Conversations take place at a close physical distance. Stepping back may be regarded as unfriendly.

Mexican men are warm and friendly, and make a lot of physical contact. They often touch shoulders or

hold another’s arm. To withdraw from this touch is considered insulting.

Giving gifts to business executives is not required. Small items with a company logo (for an initial visit) are

appreciated.

Secretaries do appreciate gifts. If giving a valuable gift, such as perfume or a scarf, present it on a return

visit. A man giving it to a female secretary should indicate the gift is from his wife.

Gifts are not required for a dinner guest, but will be appreciated. Good choices are candy, flowers (sent

ahead of time), or local crafts from home.

When giving flowers: yellow – represent death, red – cast spells, and white – lift spells.

Do not give gifts made of silver, as it is associated with trinkets sold to tourists.

Women should not invite a male counterpart for a business dinner unless other associates or spouses attend.

Also, Mexican men will graciously attempt to pay for a meal, even though you are hosting it. A

professional way to host a meal is to dine or lunch at your hotel. Pre-arrange to have the meal added to your

hotel bill.

Tipping is appropriate for services provided. Wages are often so low that workers depend heavily on

gratuities for their income.

Pay for store purchases by placing money in the cashier’s hand, rather than on the counter.

5.9.3. Communications Refrain from using first names until invited to do so.

Titles are important and should be included on business cards. You may directly speak to someone by only

using his or her title only, without including the last name.

Doctor is a physician or Ph.D. Profesor it the title for a teacher. Ingeniero is an engineer. Arquitecto is an

architect. Abogado is a lawyer.

People without professional titles are addressed using Mr., Mrs., or Miss and his or her surname. Senor is

Mr., Senora is Mrs., and Senorita is Miss

Hispanics generally use two surnames. The first surname listed is from the father, and the second surname

listed is from the mother. When speaking to someone use his or her father’s surname.

A married woman will add her husband's father's name to the end of her name, usually shown as de (name)

when written. This woman would be formally addressed as Senora de (name).

In speaking to this same married woman less formally, you would simply say Senora (name).

Do not use red ink anytime you are writing someone's name.



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomThe traditional toast in Mexico is Salud (Sal-UUD).

Mexican’s use a "psst-psst" sound to catch another’s attention in public. This is not considered rude.

Mexicans refer to people from the United States as North Americans.

Good conversational topics are Mexican culture, history, art, and museums.

Never discuss the Mexican-American war, poverty, illegal aliens, or earthquakes.

5.10. Venezuela

5.10.1. AppearanceDress for men is conservative – dark business suits of tropical weight

wool

Fashion is very important to Venezuelan women. Women should pack

their best business clothes and one cocktail dress

People tend to stand very close together when conversing.

Venezuelans often touch each other’s arms or jacket during

conversation

Posture while seated is important; avoid slouching

5.10.2. Behavior Business people are punctual and small talk is minimal

It is good practice to follow up morning appointments with an invitation to lunch

Have business cards printed in English on one side and Spanish on the other. Be sure your position is

clearly indicated and present your card immediately following an introduction

Unlike lunch, dinner is for socializing, not for business

Businesswomen should be aware that going out alone with Venezuelan businessmen may be misconstrued

The two senior executives should sit facing each other

When dining, wait until everyone is served before beginning to eat

Guests rarely sit at the head of the table

To indicate you have finished eating, place your utensils in parallel and diagonally across your plate



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomAn appropriate gift for a man is something for the office - such as a good quality pen. A women would

appreciate the gift of an orchid – the national flower

Guests may bring or send flowers or candy to a hostess

The senior visiting business person may give a toast offering good wishes for business negotiations, adding

a memorized Spanish phrase about the pleasure of being with Venezuelans

5.10.3. Communications Handshaking by both sexes common and customary; shake hands on greeting and departing. The

handshake is firm

Good friends hug and women kiss cheeks

Avoid dominating the conversation. Venezuelans like to be in control

Titles are important and should be included on business cards. Address a person directly by using his or her

title only. A Ph.D.D or a physician is called Doctor. Teachers prefer the title Profesor, engineers go by

Ingeniero, architects are Arquitecto, and lawyers are Abogado. Persons who do not have professional titles

should be addressed as Mr., Mrs., or Miss, plus their surnames.

In Spanish these are:

Mr. = Senor

Mrs. = Senora

Miss = Senorita

Most Hispanics have two surnames: one from their father, which is listed first, followed by one from their

mother. Only the father’s surname is used when addressing someone

Good conversation topics: business, art, literature, history

Bad conversation topics: local unrest, inflation, politics



Multi-National Enterprises and their Custom

5.11. Russia

5.11.1. AppearanceBusinessmen in Russia usually wear suits that are dark and well tailored

along with good dress shoes. A businessman’s wardrobe demonstrates

the individual’s image as a professional.

Men often do not take off their jackets in negotiations.

Do not stand with your hands in your pockets. This is considered rude.

Women dress rather conservatively, avoiding overly flashy or gaudy

outfits.

Women should always cover their heads when entering into any Russian Orthodox Churches.

Skirts should be worn rather than pants.

When attending dinner in a citizen’s home, casual dress of slacks and a nice shirt without a tie are

appropriate.

5.11.2. Behavior As a foreigner, you are expected to be on time to all business appointments. However, your Russian

counterpart may be late, as this may be a test of your patience. Do not expect an apology from a late

Russian, and do not demonstrate any kind of attitude if your business appointments begin one or two hours

late. This may also be a test of your patience.



Multi-National Enterprises and their CustomSocial events are more relaxed. It is acceptable for foreigners to be 15 to 30 minutes late.

Patience is an extremely important virtue among Russians; punctuality is not.

Russians are known as great "sitters" during negotiations, this demonstrates their tremendous patience.

The U.S.S.R. was officially an atheist nation in the days of communism. Now, however, participation in

religion in increasing, with many citizens practicing Protestantism, Islam, Russian Orthodoxy, and Judaism.

Some 'hard-line' Russians still view compromise as a sign of weakness, and often refuse to back down. To

these individuals, compromising is bad business.

As a foreigner, you should realize that "Final Offers" are often not actually the end of the negotiations, and

that often times the outcome will be more beneficial and attractive if you can hold out.

There is a Russian term meaning "connections" or "influences. It is extremely difficult to do business in

Russia without help from a local. To help with this, gifts, money or other items are often a good idea when

doing business in Russia.

If attending dinner at a family residence, it is appropriate to bring a gift, such as a bottle of wine, dessert, or

a bouquet of flowers.

When shaking hands with someone, be sure to take off your gloves, as it is considered rude not to.

When attending any formal engagements such as the theatre, it is appropriate to check your coat and other

belongings at the front door of the establishment.

Do not show the soles of your shoes, as this is considered impolite. They are considered dirty, and should

never come in contact with any type of seat (like on a subway or bus).

Be sure to have plenty of business cards with double sides of information. One side should be printed in

English, the other side in Russian.

Be alert and open to taking a drink or having a toast, as refusing to do so is a serious breach of etiquette.

5.11.3. Communications Russian is the official language.

Speaking or laughing loudly in public is

considered rude, as Russians are generally

reserved and somber.

Many Russians speak English, as it is often

taught beginning in the third grade.

Russians are highly literate, and have almost

a 100% literacy rate.

Good topics of conversation include peace, the current changes taking place in Russia, and their current

economic situation.



Multi-National Enterprises and their Custom6) Assessment:

6.1. Complicated Custom

The Asian countries are having complicated custom in appearance, dinning, meetings, and

so on.

6.2. Standard Custom

The American and Australian are having similar and standard custom that are showing of the

same level.

7) Presentation:

The small presentation for this report is attached to this research.

8) Conclusions:8.1. Business suit

8.2. Avoid jeans and casual clothing for business meetings

8.3. Not firm and light handshaking

8.4. Avoid expensive gifts

8.5. Provide humble and modest gift

8.6. Exchange business cards

8.7. Do not place business card in pocket

8.8. Place in business card case

8.9. Schedule meetings in advance

8.10. Don't publicize over the limit

8.11. Meal timings awareness

8.12. For occasion send an invitation

8.13. For lunch or dinner verbal invitation

8.14. Usually external meetings during lunch

8.15. Wait in queue for your turn

8.16. Avoid dresser mixture of flag color

8.17. Carry more than enough documents and brochures

8.18. Don't expect reply or decision soon

8.19. Allow enough time for reply


Multi-National Enterprises and their Custom

Documents

Transcript of Multi-National Enterprises and their Custom