Multi-Messenger & Time Domain Astronomy: the Role of ...
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Discovering Our Universe Together
1Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab
Jennifer Lotz
Multi-Messenger & Time Domain Astronomy:
the Role of Gemini Observatory
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2020’s -- MMA/TDA discovery engines
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LIGO, IceCube, Rubin Observatory Roman Space Telescope & EUCLID
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Time-Domain Astronomytime-varying phenomena: asteroids, comets, exoplanets, variable stars, Galactic center, supernovae, accreting black holes, merging compact objects…
timescales of hours, days, months, years..
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Gemini Observatory
Twin 8.1 meter visible-near infrared telescopes in Hawaii and Chile
open to entire U.S community, and international partners
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Agile, flexible operations
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flexible queue scheduling, base-facility operations, & rapid instrument changes
enables agile, rapid-response operations
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Bi-hemisphere accessideal observatory for follow-up of gravitational wave electromagnetic counterparts, LSST transients, and other multi-messenger events.
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NOIRLab facilities
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Network for TDA & MMA
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Gemini in AEON
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Gemini in the Era of Multi-Messenger Astronomy
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$26M funded the National Science Foundation in October 2018- new wide-field adaptive optics facility at Gemini North
- software infrastructure to support TDA/MMA astronomy- communicating the message of MMA workshops & outreach
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MMA & TDA communications
MMA Communications SummitNovember 2019→ white paper
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Software Infrastructure
Target Observation Manager -- software interface between astronomer and telescopes; request follow-up observations
Dynamic scheduler -- automated scheduling software for telescope observations, to include time-critical and regular observations
DRAGONS (Data Reduction for Astronomy from Gemini Observatory North & South) -- “quick-look” data reduction for rapid turn-around of observations
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GNAO:nightly, wide-field high-resolution NIR imaging and spectroscopy
GeMS: wide-field infrared AO imaging at Gemini-S
GNAO: rapid-response, wide-field infrared AO imaging and spectroscopy at GN, available *nightly*
high-resolution: comparable to HST/JWSTsensitivity: spectroscopy comparable to JWST
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New Adaptive Optics
• utilize Maunakea, one of the world’s best sites for AO• support nightly queue operations for AO• support GIRMOS, Canadian-built TMT-pathfinder instrument • build upon the wide-field AO legacy of GeMS
→ support high-spatial resolution, wide-field NIR AO imaging and spectroscopy for MMA/time-domain astronomy, cosmology, stellar populations, + diverse science cases
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Rapid-Response Near-Infrared Observations
8m rapid-responseneeded to characterize early phases of MMA events
spatially resolved spectroscopy - disentanglehost galaxy from kilonova
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GIRMOS
17PI: S. Sivanandam; funded by Canadian Innovation Fund
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GNAO + GIRMOS
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GIRMOS - 4 deployable IFSs, R~3000, 8000 modes
Sivanandam, SPIE 2018, arXiv:1807.03797
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SummaryThank you NSF! New & improved facilities will drive discovery engines for multi-messenger and time-domain astronomy. Coordinated, rapid follow-up across the globe is needed to understand these phenomena.
Gemini Observatory is developing infrastructure and instrumentation to be ready for the next decade of discovery.
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