Multi-Channel Deficit Round Robin Scheduling for Hybrid TCM/WDM

Optical Networks

Mithileysh Sathiyanarayanan and Kyeong Soo KimCollege of Engineering, Swansea University

Swansea, SA2 8PP, United KingdomEmail:{m.sathiyanarayanan.611702, k.s.kim}@swansea.ac.uk

FOAN 2012

The main aim of the paper is to propose a new multi-channel scheduling algorithm with tunable transmitters and fixed receivers which provide fairness and QoS guarantee in hybrid TDM/WDM Optical Networks (Next-Generation Networks).

Aim of the Paper

To extend the Fair Queuing (FQ) frame work to the case of multiple channels with tunable transmitters and fixed receivers.

To design a multi-channel scheduler using tunable transmitters and fixed receivers.

To avoid packet delay and improve throughput of the system.

To design and evaluate the performance of the scheduler for hybrid TDM/WDM PON’s providing fairness and QoS guarantee.

To implement detailed simulation model for the designed multi-channel scheduler.

Objectives of the Paper

Scheduling is a method of harmonizing the access to system resources among competing data flows.

The scheduling plays an important role in achieving high performance of the networking systems.

Well-designed scheduling algorithms could provide higher throughput, lower latency, and better fairness with lower complexity in serving the packets.

Introduction to scheduling

The scheduling has been extensively studied mainly in the context of single-channel communication.

The advent of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, however, demands the extension of this packet scheduling problem to the case of multi-channel communication, especially with the tunable transmitters for hybrid time division multiplexing (TDM)/ wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems.

Purpose of multi-channel scheduling

The main objective of the multi-channel scheduling is to schedule the transmissions of the data over multiple channels to the users.

The important measures in choosing a scheduling algorithm are throughput, latency, fairness, and complexity.

Objective of the multi-channel scheduling

The major focus of existing work is mostly on the throughput and delay performance of the scheduling algorithm like in SUCCESS-HPON [1], but there is hardly any support for fairness and QoS guarantee.

The other focus is on the well-known DRR scheduling algorithm [2] for single-channel case which has advantages such as --it is simple and easy to implement, cost-effective, provides fairness and has a complexity of O(1).

Motivation

The SUCCESS-HPON [1] studies the multi-channel scheduling in hybrid TDM/WDM optical networks with tunable transmitters and fixed receivers providing fairness in throughput.

The proposed MCDRR is based on the deficit round-robin (DRR) scheduling algorithm which extends the simple round robin with deficit counters [2]. The DRR provides good fairness, lower complexity, and lower implementation cost, which makes it an ideal candidate for high-speed gateways or routers.

Review of the existing work

Our paper is mainly based on the tunable transmitters and fixed receivers in the multi-channel system which requires investigation in the performance of a multi-channel deficit round-robin (MCDRR) scheduling algorithm, which can provide fairness (in terms of throughput) for flows with different size packets with O(1) processing per packet

Problem Description

MULTI-CHANNEL DEFICIT ROUND-ROBIN (MCDRR)

Block diagram of a hybrid TDM/WDM link based on tunable transmitters and fixed receivers.

The MCDRR is an extension of the DRR which takes into account the availability of channels and tunable transmitters and overlaps ‘rounds’ in scheduling to efficiently utilize channels and tunable transmitters.

The MCDRR allows multiple rounds to overlap and run in parallel, the scheduling and the transmission of packets are not necessarily sequential unlike the DRR.

MCDRR

MCDRR Example

Start of Round 1

MCDRR Example

End of Round 1

MCDRR Example

Start of Round 2

MCDRR Example

End of Round 2

MCDRR Example

Start of Round 3

MCDRR Example

End of Round 3

MCDRR Example

End of Round1 showing in Tunable Transmitter

End of Round2 showing in Tunable Transmitter

MCDRR Example

End of Round3 showing in Tunable Transmitter

Overlapping of all the three rounds in MCDRR Scheduling

Simulation Results

Simulation Results

In Figure (2), the interframe times are exponentially distributed with the averages of 16 mus and 48 mus for the first flow and the rest of the flows respectively, while the frame sizes are uniformly distributed between 64 and 1518 bytes for all the flows.

In Figure (3), the interframe times are exponentially distributed with the averages of 16 mus and 32 mus for the first flow and the rest of the flows, while the frame sizes are fixed to 1000 bytes for the first flow and 500 bytes for the rest of the flows.

Simulation Results

From the simulation results, we found that the proposed MCDRR scheduling algorithm provides nearly perfect fairness even with ill-behaved flows for different sets of conditions for interframe times and frame sizes.

Simulation Results

We have proposed and investigated the performance of the MCDRR scheduling algorithm for a multichannel link with tunable transmitters and fixed receivers, which is based on the DRR.

In extending the DRR to the case of multi-channel scheduling, we try to efficiently utilize the network resources (i.e., channels and tunable transmitters) by overlapping rounds, while maintaining its low complexity (i.e.,O(1)). The nearly perfect fairness provided by the MCDRR has been demonstrated through simulation experiments.

Conclusion

[1] K. S. Kim, D. Gutierrez, F.-T. An, and L. G. Kazovsky, “Design and performance analysis of scheduling algorithms for WDM-PON under SUCCESS-HPON architecture,” J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 11, pp.3716–3731, Nov. 2005.

[2] M. Shreedhar and G. Varghese, “Efficient fair queueing using deficit round robin,” SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 25, no. 4, pp.231–242, 1995.

References

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