Analysis of Voided and Cellular Bridge Deck using Midas-Civil Software

TYPES OF BRIDGESBeam Bridge

Basic Beam Bridge Actual Beam Bridge

Slab BridgesIn slab bridges the deck itself is the structural frame or the entire deck is a thin beam acting entirely as one primary member. These types are used where depth of structure is a critical factor.

Typical Slab Bridges : Concrete Box Culverts Solid Slabs Voided Slabs

Classification According To SPAN

Small Span Bridges (up to 15m)

Medium Span Bridges (up to 50m)

Large Span Bridges (50-150m)

Extra Large ( Long ) Span Bridges (over 150m)

Small Span Bridges (up to 15m)

Culvert BridgeSlab Bridges (Voided, Cellular etc)T-Beam BridgeWood Beam BridgePre-cast Concrete Box Beam BridgePre-cast Concrete I-Beam BridgeRolled Steel Beam Bridge

Medium Span Bridges (up to 50m)

Pre-cast Concrete Box Beam & Pre-cast Concrete I-BeamComposite Rolled Steel Beam BridgeComposite Steel Plate Girder BridgeCast-in-place RCC Box Girder BridgeCast-in-place Post-Tensioned Concrete Box GirderComposite Steel Box Girder

Large Span Bridges (50 to 150m)Composite Steel Plate Girder BridgeCast-in-place Post-Tensioned concrete Box GirderPost-Tensioned Concrete Segmental ConstructionConcrete Arch and Steel Arch

Extra Large (Long) Span Bridges(Over 150m)

Cable Stayed BridgeSuspension Bridge

Classification According To Structural Arrangement

•Main Structure Below the Deck Line•Main Structure Above the Deck Line•Main Structure coincides with the Deck Line

The classification of the bridge types can also be according to the location of the main structure elements relative to the surface on which the user travels, as follows:

Main Structure Below the Deck Line

Arch Bridge

Masonry Arch

Concrete Arch

Inclined Leg Frame Arch

Rigid Frame Arch

Truss-Arch BridgeSteel Truss-Arch

Steel Deck Truss

Main Structure Coincides with the Deck Line

Girder Bridge

Slab (solid and voided)

T-Beam (cast-in-place)

I-beam (pre-cast or pre-stressed

Wide-flange beam (composite & non- composite

Concrete Box (cast-in-place, segmental & pre-stressed

Steel Plate Girder (straight & haunched)

Steel box (Orthotropic deck)

Main Structure Above the Deck Line

Suspension Bridges

Cable Stayed Bridges

Through-Truss Bridge

Shallow superstructure bridges include:• Slab bridges

• Voided Slab Bridges, Including Multi-cell Box Girders With Sufficient Diaphragms

• slab-on-girders • steel grid deck-on-girders • wood deck-on-girders • wood deck on longitudinal wood beams • stress-laminated wood deck bridges spanning longitudinally • longitudinal nail-laminated wood deck bridges • longitudinal laminates of wood-concrete composite decks • shear-connected beam bridges in which the interconnection of adjacent beams is such as to provide continuity of transverse flexural rigidity across the cross-section

Various Topics on Bridge from Journals:- I. Indian Concrete journal :-1. ICJ Journal Dec-2013 Vol.87 No.12 Page 46Effect of skew angle on longitudinal girder( Support Shear, Moment , Torsion) and deck slab of an IRC Skew bridge

2. ICJ Journal Jun-2013 Vol.87 No.02Factors affecting priority of maintenance for Bridges

II. Journal of structural Engineering:-

1. Journal of Structural Engineering Oct-Nov-13 Vol.40 No.04

a. Dynamic amplification factors induced by moving traffic over bridgesb. Quasi-static approach has been adopted by various bridge design to account for these

dynamic effects. This is done by scaling the required bridge response quantity (Bending moment and shear forces)

Literature Review

Various Topics on Bridge from Journals:- Contd.

III. Journal of Indian Highways :-

1. Journal of Indian HighwaysDec-13 Vol.41 No.12

a. A study on response spectrum and time history analysis methods for seismic analysis of prestressed concrete bridges.

2. Journal of Indian HighwaysMar-13 Vol.41 No.03

b. Movement of Overweight & Over Dimensional Consignment.

Literature Review

Various Topics on Bridge from Journals:- Contd.

IV . International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET)

1. Comparative Analysis Of Box Girder Bridge With Two Different CodesIJCIET Vol : 4 Issue : 3 pages 111 – 120

2. Estimation Of Bridge Pier Scour For Clear Water & Live Bed Scour ConditionIJCIET Vol : 4 Issue : 3 pages 92 – 97

3. Experimental investigation on glass fibre reinforced plastic bridge decks subjected to static and fatigue loading

IJCIET Vol : 4 Issue : 2 pages 321 - 331

Various Topics on Bridge from Journals:- Contd.

V. International journal of Advanced Research in Engineering & Technology (IJARET)

1. Comparative Analysis And Design Of Box Girder Bridge Sub-Structure With Two Different Codes IJARET Vol : 4 Issue : 5 Pages 134 - 139

Various Bridge Engineering Softwares used in past:

WinBDSWinBDS analyzes or designs orthogonal bridge frames and is applicable to the majority of concrete bridges being designed today.   Visit Imbsen & Associates, Inc. website.

UniBear 1.2 for WindowsUniBear performs analysis based on Working Stress, Limit States per OHBDC 1991, Load Factor per AASHTO 1992, and Partial Factor per European codes.   Visit UniSoft website.

Steel Bridge Design and RatingA girder system analysis and rating program. It can be used for either girder system design projects or linear girder design projects.   Visit MDX Software website.

Various Bridge Engineering Softwares used in past: - Contd

STLBRIDGESTLBRIDGE is a continuous steel bridge analysis and design software package for use in the design of steel plate girder and wide flange bridges conforming to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges.   Visit BridgeSoft website.PENTAGON-BridgePENTAGON-Bridge has comprehensive analysis facilities to design all types of bridge design from simple grillages to complex cable stayed and suspension bridges. PENTAGON-Bridge searches the worst position and the worst combination of loads for specified variables such as moment, shear, stress, support reaction etc at a given location in a bridge deck or a structure [...]GEOPAK BridgeBridge supports your 3D geometric modeling and production of plans for complex, multilevel, interchange bridges and simple span bridges alike. Multiple bridge types can be included in the same design file, from which finish-grade elevations, beam-seat elevations, and quantities can be computed.   Visit GEOPACK website.

LUSAS BridgeLUSAS Bridge contains a comprehensive range of engineering analysis facilities to cater for all types of bridge design. The features include work to design codes, nonlinear analysis, seismic & dynamic analysis, advanced analysis, soil-structure interaction.   Visit LUSAS website.GEOMATHGEOMATH is the comprehensive tool specifically designed for bridge layout and the solution of associated geometry. GEOMATH can handle cases ranging from simple single-span bridges to complex multi-span bridges.   Visit LEAP Software, Inc. website.EnBeamC 6.0EnBeamC is a state-of-the-art program for the design and analysis of precast, prestressed concrete bridges girders made continuous by adding a composite slab with a diaphragm over the bridge piers. EnBeamC conforms to the ’97 AASHTO Standard Specifications for Bridges.   Visit Ensoft, Inc. website.CONSYS 2000CONSYS 2000 is a Windows tool for the analysis of live loads and static loads on single-span and multi-span bridges. CONSYS 2000 is capable of handling both LRFD and AASHTO Standard as well as U.S. and metric units. You can select graphical representations of the loads on-screen with your mouse.   Visit LEAP Software, Inc. [...]

Various Bridge Engineering Softwares used in past: - Contd

Midas – Civilmidas Civil is the ultimate Integrated Civil Engineering Solution for designing bridges and general civil structures. It retains construction stage analysis capabilities for Prestressed/Post-tensioned concrete, Suspension, Cable Stayed, Specialty and Conventional bridges and Heat of hydration.

Present Bridge Engineering Softwares

SAP-2000The SAP name has been synonymous with state-of-the-art analytical methods since its introduction over 30 years ago. SAP2000 follows in the same tradition featuring a very sophisticated, intuitive and versatile user interface powered by an unmatched analysis engine and design tools for engineers working on transportation, industrial, public works, sports, and other facilities.

STRAP- The Structural Analysis Program

Strap is a the most comprehensive structural analysis system for Frame Analysis, Finite Elements, Steel Design, RC Design, Post tensioning Detailing, Use it for frames, slabs, shells, tanks, towers, bridges....

Idea for Topic - TitleFrom the References found from Journals on Topic Bridge –

• Comparision of Analysis of Bridge Using Softwares:-

• Comparision of Decks – RCC

• Comparision of RCC & Steel

• Suitability and constructability

• Limitations of Curvature in bridges

• Vibration test on wooden pedestrian deck arch bridge

• Analysis using different types of bearings

• Analysis using bearing position under bridge deck on pier

Selected Analysis of Voided Slab and Cellular Slab Deck

Conclusion found from Journals• No Body Have Done Analysis of Voided Slab and Cellular

structures.• So I Have decided to do my project on Analysis of Voided and Cellular Bridge Deck using Midas-Civil

Software

LITERATURE REVIEW ON Bridge ENGG SOFTWARES

• Midas-Civil are the present day leading design bridge software in the market. Many design companies use these software for their project design purposes.

So, this project mainly deals with the Analysis and design of a Bridge deck structures of voided slab and cellular slab using Midas-Civil software.

LITERATURE REVIEW ON VOIDED SLAB & CELLULAR SLAB

After Searching in Web and Available Journals “Analysis of voided slab and cellular slab” has not yet done either manually or by using software by any engineer/research associate in the recent years. So I want to do comparative analysis of voided slab & cellular slab by using Midas-Civil software.

LITERATURE REVIEW ON SOFTWAREAnalysis using software “Midas-Civil” has not yet done by any engineer/research associate in the recent years for the Analysis of Deck Slab. So I want to select this software to complete my project.

Voided Slab & Cellular slab• Voided slabs are mainly used to decrease the overall weight but as

much as 35% when compared to a solid slab of the same capacity.• When the void diameter is less than about 60 % of slab depth, it is

common practice to model the voided slab using the same methods as are used for solid slab decks. On the other hand, when the void diameter exceeds about 60% the behavior becomes more “cellular”.

• Cellular decks are characterized by the distortional behavior can be modeled using a conventional grillage or FE methods known as “Shear flexible” grillage of FE.

ADVANTAGES OF VOIDED SLAB

1. Increased load capacity

2. Larger spans without beams

3. Larger open floor areas

4. Earthquake resistance

5. Resource efficiency

6. Biaxial loads reduces deflection

7. Cost Saving

8. Savings on Exterior Painting & Finishing

DISADVANTAGES OF VOIDED SLAB

1. Difficulty in construction

2. Requires skilled labour

Solid Slab

Voided Slab Bridge

Voided Slab Bridge

VOIDED DECK SLAB BRIDGE

cellular DECK & voided deck

Methods of Analysis of deck-

1. The Grillage Analogy Method2. Orthotropic Plate Method3. Articulated Plate Theory4. The Finite Element Method

SCHEDULE OF PROJECT

1. Doing Manual Analysis of Voided Slab and Cellular Slab2. Comparison with Civil-Midas Software