MtDNA and Y chromosome variation and language replacement in the Caucasus Ivan Nasidze & Mark...
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Transcript of MtDNA and Y chromosome variation and language replacement in the Caucasus Ivan Nasidze & Mark...
MtDNA and Y chromosome variation and language replacement in the
Caucasus
Ivan Nasidze & Mark Stoneking
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
Question: the presence of populations who are linguistically-
related to populations outside the Caucasus, such as Armenians
(who speak an Indo-European language) and Azerbaijanians
(who speak a Turkic language) raises the question as to
whether language affiliation or geographic proximity best
explains the genetic relationships of these Caucasian
populations.
Analyze populations whose linguistic neighbors are not their geographic neighbors
A B C
Which best explains their genetic relationships?
A B C
Geography!
A C B
Language!
Ba sq ue s
Sa rd inia
British
Sp a nish
Ira n ia nsTe h ra nIra n ia nsIsfa ha n
Turks
WAsia
Druze s
Kirg iz
Ka za kh
Ab kha zins
Ava ria ns
Ba lka ria ns
Ka ra c ha ia ns
Le zg in ia ns
O sse tia nsArd o nO sse tia nsDig o ra
Rutu lia ns
Ka b a rd in ia nsIng ushia ns
G e o rg ia ns
Da rg in ia ns
C he rke ssia ns
C he c he n ia ns
Aze rb a ija n ia nsArm e nia ns
Ab a zin ia ns
Ad yg he
SO sse tia ns
Kurd s
X
Russia ns
Sla vs
Genetic markers used in our studies
We addressed this question by studying sequence variation
in the first hypervariable segment (HV1) of the mtDNA
control region, Y chromosome bi-allelic and STR markers
in the Caucasian populations.
MDS plot based on mtDNA HVI sequence data
M124 C T
M45 G A
M173 A C
M17 1bp delM9 C G
M89 C T
M201 G T
M172 T G
M170 A C
RPS4Y (M130) C T
YAP
P
RK
F
I
J
G
C
E
P1
P*
R1a1*
R1*
K*
F*
G*
J2*
I*
C*
E*
AB
IN DA
LE
AZ
GE
AR
K
OS
SV
TUR
ABK
OS_D OS_A
IR_T
IR_I
RU
LE
KA
CH
J2*
F* R1a1*
I*G*
C*
R1*
K*
E*
P*
P1
MDS plot based on Y chromosome SNP data
___________________________________________________ Caucasian Indo-Eur. Turkic speakers speakers speakers___________________________________________________Armenians (mtDNA) 0.013 0.014 - Armenians (Y-chr.) 0.053 0.146 -Azerbaijanians (mtDNA) 0.019 - 0.099Azerbaijanians (Y-chr.) 0.047 - 0.105___________________________________________________Table 1. Pairwise Fst values between Armenians, Azerbaijaniansand neighboring groups.
Armenians
Indo-Europeans
Caucasians
Azerbaijanians
Turkic
Caucasians
Geography best explains genetic relationships!
Genetic relationships of Armenians and Azerbaijanians
MDS plot based on mtDNA HVI sequence data
MDS plot based on Y chromosome SNP data
Os
Conclusions
The genetic results thus suggest that both the Armenian and Azerbaijanian languages represent language replacements via elite dominance.
Armenians and Azerbaijanians are more closely-related genetically to their geographic neighbors in the Caucasus than to their linguistic neighbors elsewhere.
Overall, we did not find correlation between linguistic and genetic classifications in the Caucasus.