MT Judicial Branch...--MINUTES OF THE HUMAN SERVICES COMMITTEE February 20, 1981 The Human Services...
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- - MINUTES OF THE HUMAN SERVICES COMMITTEE February 20, 1981 The Human Services Committee convened at 11:45 a.m. in Room 103 of the Capitol on February 20, 1981 with CHAIRMAN BUDD GOULD presiding. All members were present except REP. BARDANOUVE who was excused. HB 794 The hearing on HB 794 was opened by REP. ELLERD, sponsor of the bill. This bill relates to clean air in public places, (regarding smoking) and enforcement of the act. He asked Vern Sloulin to explain the present status of the law. VERNON SLOULIN, DHES, testified that posters specifying IIsmoking" and II no smokingll and information about the laws have been printed and distributed at a cost of about $5,000. Inspections have been made and time to explain the law also have been spent to carry out the existing bill. He stated that many owners of public establish- ments have refused to post signs, causing a problem in enforcing the law. PROPONENTS: DOUG OLSON, attorney for the DHES, said he had received a number of requests relative to the enforcement of the Montana Clean Air Act. If the Legislature intended to enforce the act, he said, this bill will help the DHES to do so. He submitted to the committee a copy of a recent article, published by the Missouri Law Review that attempts to delineate the smoking laws and ordinances throughout the country. (EXHIBIT I) STEVE BALAZS, representing the Montana Lung Association, presented written testimony in favor of HB 794. (EXHIBIT II) PASTOR GARY JENSEN, of Helena, who conducts non-smoking clinics throughout the state, said that complains are frequent and he felt that some way of enforcing the law was necessary. Enforce- ment officers have their hands tied as provisions for enforcing the law are not provided, he said. He read part of an ordinance from San Diego, which told that fines were levied. He felt that this bill was a very reasonable way to enforce the law. JERRY LOENDORF, lobbyist for the Montana Medical Association, testified in favor of the bill.
Transcript of MT Judicial Branch...--MINUTES OF THE HUMAN SERVICES COMMITTEE February 20, 1981 The Human Services...
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MINUTES OF THE HUMAN SERVICES COMMITTEE February 20, 1981
The Human Services Committee convened at 11:45 a.m. in Room 103 of the Capitol on February 20, 1981 with CHAIRMAN BUDD GOULD presiding. All members were present except REP. BARDANOUVE who was excused.
HB 794 The hearing on HB 794 was opened by REP. ELLERD, sponsor of the bill. This bill relates to clean air in public places, (regarding smoking) and enforcement of the act. He asked Vern Sloulin to explain the present status of the law.
VERNON SLOULIN, DHES, testified that posters specifying IIsmoking" and II no smokingll and information about the laws have been printed and distributed at a cost of about $5,000. Inspections have been made and time to explain the law also have been spent to carry out the existing bill. He stated that many owners of public establish-ments have refused to post signs, causing a problem in enforcing the law.
PROPONENTS: DOUG OLSON, attorney for the DHES, said he had received a number of requests relative to the enforcement of the Montana Clean Air Act. If the Legislature intended to enforce the act, he said, this bill will help the DHES to do so. He submitted to the committee a copy of a recent article, published by the Missouri Law Review that attempts to delineate the smoking laws and ordinances throughout the country. (EXHIBIT I)
STEVE BALAZS, representing the Montana Lung Association, presented written testimony in favor of HB 794. (EXHIBIT II)
PASTOR GARY JENSEN, of Helena, who conducts non-smoking clinics throughout the state, said that complains are frequent and he felt that some way of enforcing the law was necessary. Enforce-ment officers have their hands tied as provisions for enforcing the law are not provided, he said. He read part of an ordinance from San Diego, which told that fines were levied. He felt that this bill was a very reasonable way to enforce the law.
JERRY LOENDORF, lobbyist for the Montana Medical Association, testified in favor of the bill.
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MINUTES OF THE HUMAN SERVICES COMMITTEE February 20, 1981
OPPONENTS:
Page 2
DON W. LARSON, Helena, lobbyist for the Montana Tavern Association, and Jorgenson's Holiday Inn, appeared in opposition to the bill, because it infringes on the rights of his custoroers. He said the law exempts taverns, but he has both a bar and restaurant. Some people like to eat lunch in the bar, and he said this law would prevent them from doing that. He proposed that an inter-pretation of DHES, which told him his bar was exempt be added to change this bill. He said that every facility has its own problems and should be inspected in regard to this law.
Bill KUNEY, manager of the Colonial Inn,in Helena, pointed out difficulties that his business would have in complying with this law. He said that his convention center area is changed from large to small rooms constantly, and that oversights in changing the non-smoking signs are likely to happen. He felt he would lose business if forced to comply with this proposed law.
BOB DURKEE, Montana Tavern Association, opposes the bill, but would concur with the amendment suggested by DON LARSON. He feels the bill would pit neighbor against neighbor, and open the door to a great many complaints to be resolved.
QUESTIONS FROM THE COMMITTEE:
REP. PAVLOVICH asked the sponsor about the fines. REP. ELLERD said he would be willing to work out any problem in that regard.
REP. KEYSER said he felt the bill allowed each city to interpret the bill individually and thought this would be a problem. REP. ELLERD said the bill was open to amendment. He also said the intent of the Clean Air Act was to let people know whether or not smoking was allowed in an area, as some people have health problems and should avoid smoke.
REP. ELLERD closed the hearing on the bill.
HJR 36.
REP. ELLERD opened the hearing on the resolution which urges the President of the United States to call attention to the plight of prisoners of war in any declaration concerning Veterans' Day.
PROPONENTS:
BO DURKEE, representing veterans, said there are still over 2,500 MIAs from the Viet Nam War. Fourteen of them have not been
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TONY CUMMING, state adjutant of the American Legion went on record as favoring the resolution. He gave the committee a copy of Action, a Veterans of Foreign Wars publication. (EXHIBIT III)
OPPONENTS:
There were none.
QUESTIONS FROM THE COMMITTEE:
There were none.
CHAIRMAN GOULD asked the committee to act upon this resolution.
EXECUTIVE SESSION:
REP. BERGENE moved that HJR 36 DO PASS. The motion was seconded and PASSED UNANIMOUSLY.
HEARINGS were then resumed.
HB 764
REP. VINGER opened the hearing on HB764. The purpose of the bill is to establish a Montana emergency medical services system, including training and support for emergency care providers: to provide for a state EMS advisory council and regional EMS entities. He read the Statement of Intent. He told the committee that the Fiscal Note was attached and that the appropriation to fund this would be $1.5 million.
PROPONENTS:
KEATHA MC LEOD, a nurse from Baker, Montana, appeared as a proponent. (EXHIBIT V) .
NORMAN DEWELL, Joliet, presented written testimony in favor of the bill (EXHIBIT VI). He also submitted about 30 letters written by people in Carbon County supporting HB764. (EXHIBIT VII)
ART BICSAK, Great Falls, president of the Montana Energency Medical Services Association (MEMSA), presented comments of the MEMSA Legislative Committee, concerning the utilization of Federal funding within Montana. (EXHIBIT VIII). He also proposed amend-ments. (EXHIBIT IX).
Dr. ROBERT SHEPARD presented written testimony (EXHIBIT IX A).
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DR. KETZELMAN, asked to be on the record as a proponent.
OPPONENTS:
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WILLIAM MURRAY Coordinator of Cascade County Civil Defense in Great Falls, feels that there are serious difficulties with the bill, and felt it could bring to an end the EMT service in Montana. He presented statistics supporting his opinion (EXHIBITS X and XI), and written testimony (EXHIBIT XII).
LINDA ZEISING, Whitehall EMT, stated disagreement with several provisions of the bill and presented a letter from GAIL GIONO who also urged defeat of the bill. (EXHIBIT XIII).
KEN. RUTLEDGE, representing the Montana Hospital Association, testified in opposition to the bill.
JOHN BAINES, an EMT from Helena, opposed the bill in its present form and suggested several amendments.
CAPT. WALT MILLER, Montana Highway Department, feels this bill gives a lot of control to the EMS program. He stated that the MHP has its own training program now and, under this law, MHP would fall under EMT regulations. He felt these requirements would create problems for the MHP.
LLOYD LINDEN, Helena ambulance service owner, opposed several provisions of the bill.
QUESTIONS:
REP. SEIFERT asked if the present program is in existence under a present law. REP. VINGER said the bill is to provide state funds to provide the training for the present program.
REP. SEIFERT asked if a 2l-mernber board might not be a little large. KEATHA MCLEOD felt that a large state such as Montana needed a large board so that there would be a great amount of input.
REP. WINSLOW asked for more information about the scheduled training sessions. BAINES said that advanced first aid is given by the Red Cross. The training an EMT receives is over 100 hours and is a more in depth training, yet under Montana law, can do no more than a person who has Red Cross first aid training.
REP. WINSLOW asked if it wouldn't be more feasible and less expensive to add staff at the state level. DEWELL said that was possible, but he felt that the ability to reach all the EMTs would be less than under the provisions of the bill.
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REP. NILSON asked what would happen if this bill didn't pass. In regard to the training of EMTs. REP. VINGER said there would be no training at the state level, because there would be no money to fund it.
REP. PAVLOVICH referred to page 5, section 5 and asked if the local governments shouldn't be advised of the rules contained in the bill. REP. VINGER said he felt they will be. MC LEOD said the advisory council would do that as they would be at the "grass roots" level.
REP. BERGENE commented that Mr. Murray has stated that the Advisory Council could complain but that they had no control over funds (or power to make changes). MC LEOD said the county would have the council for input as to how to spend the funds. All counties would have representation on the council.
MURRAY said he has 13 years of dealing with the EMT program, and 6 years of dealings with the structure proposed by this bill. He said that many good programs have gone on and will continue to do so. He agreed that the counties have not had a voice in the program. The programs are run by non-profit corporations run under the laws of fue state covering non-profit corporations, not laws covering ex-penditures of tax funds governed by officials.
REP. KEYSER asked why the directors of the department would appoint the board (council). MC LEOD said they used the protocol that was standard in setting up a Governor's advisory committee.
REP. KEYSER asked why the bill didn't include an exclusion for the Montana Highway Patrol. DR. SHEPHERD said the statement of intent clearly states that there will be no duplication of services. He said that, with all due respect to the Highway Patrol, even they should have some overview as to the content and training that the patrolmen receive. They, as well as firemen and police departments. Physicians should be allowed to give input as to the training given.
REP. SWITZER wondered if there was any assurance that the department would pay any attention to the advisory council. MC LEOD said that with 21 people on the council, there would be some political clout, and response to problems.
REP. VINGER said his intent was to bring further education to all levels of EMTs. He then closed the hearing on SB764.
HB797.
REP. BENNETT opened the hearing on HB 797 proposing the sale of DHSO under certain guidelines.
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PROPONENTS:
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DR. JOHN SHALLENBARGER, a Urologist, testified that DMSO could help many patients. He said it is available to some, but not all who could benefit from its use and that it is not free from contaminants. Trainers are using it and many others are getting it on the black market. He said it was dangerous when given to rats in large doses (in research), and was thus restricted, but that it is a very helpful drug when given correctly in many instances including urinary tract, skin problems and arthritis. He recommended that physicians be allowed to prescribe the drug, but felt it shouldn't be sold over the counter.
FRANK DAVIS, Executive director for the Montana Pharmacy Association, said he agrees with Dr. Shallenbarger that DMSO use should be allowed, but his main concern was the type of drug allowed and felt that should be stated clearly. He read a suggested amendment. Page 3, line 11 Insert: "pharmacy or employee thereof"
OPPONENTS: There were none.
QUESTIONS:
CHAIRMAN GOULD asked if DMSO was legalized, where would we get it as it's not manufactured in Montana. DR. SHALLENBARGER said that he hoped it would be produced here, so Montana physicians wouldn't be in conflict with the law which states that it is illegal to transport the drug across state lines. RIMSO-50 is available to physicians and is approved by the FDA and legal for interstate transportation.
REP. MENAHAN asked if RIMSO-50 was the purified form of DMSO. DR. SHALLENBARGER said Yes.
REP. MENAHAN asked if we could buy it now. DAVIS said yes, under prescription, but that the only approved use was for interstitial cystitis. DR. SHALLENBARGER said that there are various strengths of DMSO. He said that RIMSO-50 was a 50% solution and commented that it is sometimes used for skin problems, used by placing it on Saran wrap which is directly on the skin. (That, apparently is legal. )
REP. MANNING asked if this was the same drug as is used on the race tracks. DR. SHALLENBARGER said that was the veterinary (type). He didn't know where it was purchased. CHAIRMAN GOULD commented that it was legal to use it for veterinary purposes. He also said that it is used extensively for cleaning farm machinery.
REP. BRAND asked VERN SLOULIN of the DHES about the availability of DMSO. SLOULIN said it is being sold in the bars and the filling stations and it is thought to be of the "degreaser" quality. It
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is bought for $77.00 for 55 gallons, and then it is sold for $20.00 for 6 oz's.
REP. BENNETT closed the hearing on the bill.
HB 734.
REP. WINSLOW opened the hearing on the bill. It is an act to waive state inspection for health care facilities that are accredited by the joint commission on accrediation. He said it is to remove a duplication of accreditation.
PROPONENTS:
BILL LEARY of the Montana Hospital Association, presented written testimony and suggested amendments (EXHIBIT XIV) .
JO ANN DODD, of the Montana Nurses Association, sent written test-imony to be entered into the record through Mr. Leary, urging support for the bill.
OPPONENTS:
JACQUELINE MC KNIGHT, of the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences (DHES) presented written testimoney. (EXHIBIT XVI). She said the DHES proposes amendments to HB 734 and read them (see page 2 of EXHIBIT XVI).
QUESTIONS FROM THE COMMITTEE:
REP. WINSLOW asked if cooperation has worked in other states between the JOINT Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH) and the state governments. BILL LEARY said "yes" and read a portion of the Texas law. He said that many states have this agreement.
REP. METCALF asked if the MHA disagreed with the amendments proposed by the DHES. LEARY said they would oppose the "2 year" amendment.
REP. WINSLOW closed the hearing on HB 734.
HB 735.
REP. WINSLOW opened the hearing on HB735, saying it was similar to HB 734 but that it pertained to the licensing of laboratories.
PROPONENTS:
WILLIAM LEARY, MHA, testified in favor of the bill. He also proposed an amendment to provide application only to those clinical laboratories operated by a licensed Montana hospital. (EXHIBIT XVII).
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JERRY LOENDORF, representing the Montana Medical Association, appeared in favor of the bill.
OPPONENTS:
JACQUELINE MC KNIGHT, representing the DHES, read written testimony in opposition to the bill. (EXHIBIT XVIII)
QUESTIONS BY THE COMMITTEE:
REP. METCALF wondered if there was a conflict between HB 734 and HB 735. LEARY said there was none.
REP. WINSLOW said that the hospitals are not requesting relief from high standards but only ask relief from duplication which results in higher costs for the hospitals and the patients. He then closed the hearing on HB735.
HB 784.
REP. DOZIER, appearing for REP. TEAGUE, opened the hearing on HB784, which would assign a Hispanic Liaison to the State Department of Rehabilitation Services to work with Hispanic organizations.
PROPONENTS:
ROBERT FEDERICO thanked the committee for their DO PASS recommendations on the previous HJRs regarding the Hispanic population of Montana. He urged the committee to continue to help the Hispanics by passing HB 784.
OPPONENTS: There were none.
QUESTIONS FROM THE COMMITTEE:
REP. SWITZER asked if this would an ombudsman for the Hispanics. not, that the ombudsman would be office.
conflict with the HJR regarding REP. DOZIER said he felt it would working out of the Governor's
REP. DOZIER closed the hearing on HB 784.
HJR 39.
REP. DOZIER opened the hearing on HJR 39, which is to urge the state to participate in a cultural heritage coordination with the federally designated week honoring the Hispanic culture.
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PROPONENTS:
ROBERT FEDERICO, Billings, urged support of HJR 39.
Page 9
MARGE OROZCO testified that she helped organize the Spanish Heritage week in Billings. She said that it was a Success that the state could enjoy if it were proclaimed statewide.
OPPONENTS: There were none.
EXECUTIVE SESSION.
HB 794.
CHAIRMAN GOULD moved that HB 794 DO NOT PASS, stating that he felt criminal penalties should not be imposed. The motion was seconded and PASSED with REP. SWITZER, CONN, WINSLOW, NILSON and METCALF voting NO.
HB 764.
REP. NILSON MOVED for a DO PASS on HB 764. REP. METCALF MOVED the amendments be accepted by the committee. RUSS JOSEPHSON read the amendments, which added board members-at-large and included the Hospital Association people. The amendments PASSED with REP. SWITZER, PAVLOVIC and DEVLIN opposing.
REP. KEYSER MOVED an amendment as follows: Page 5, line 17, follow-ing [section 5[, insert: ", except that the EMS advisory council may not control the Montana highway patrol first-responder program." The motion was seconded and PASSED UNANIMOUSLY.
REP. METCALF MOVED that the Statement of Intent be accepted and that the bill DO PASS AS AMENDED. RUSS JOSEPHSON gave a clarificat-ion of the Statement, saying that the bill applies to more than the EMT program. The Statement of Intent was seconded and PASSED UNANIMOUSLY.
The bill as amended PASSED by a vote of 9 YES votes with 6 committee members voting NO. The NO votes were cast by REP. DEVLIN, SWITZER, PAVLOVICH, SEIFERT, SIVERTSEN and BENNETT.
HB 797.
REP. BENNETT MOVED an amendment as follows: on page 3, line 12, following: "facility," Insert: "pharmacy," and AS AMENDED DO PASS. The MOTION WAS SECONDED AND CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY.
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HB734.
Page 10
REP. WINSLOW moved the bill be amended as suggested by Bill Leary of the Montana Hospital Association. The amendments were seconded and PASSED UNANIMOUSLY. REP. MANNING moved that HB 734 DO PASS AS AMENDED. The MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY.
HB 735.
REP. SEIFERT moved for a DO PASS on amendments on page 9, line 3 as follows: Insert: "NEW SECTION. Section 3. [Section 2] applies only to those clinical laboratories operated by a hospital licensed by Montana." RE~ SEIFERT MOVED the bill DO PASS as AMENDED. THE MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY.
HB 784.
REP. MANNING moved DO PASS on HB 784. REP. SWITZER stated he felt that the legislation was not necessary, and that the SRS should take care of acting as liaison between the Hispanics and REP. KEYSER moved HB 784 DO NOT PASS. The motion failed by a vote of 8 to 8. REP. MANNING moved that HB784 BE TABLED. The motion was seconded and CARRIED with REP. CONN voting NO.
HJR 39.
REP. SEIFERT moved that HJR 39 DO NOT PASS. The motion was seconded and FAILED by a vote of 8 to 8. REP. METCALF MOVED that HJR 39 be TABLED. The motion passed UNANIMOUSLY.
HB755.
REP. MENAHAN moved that HB 755 DO NOT PASS.
REP. SIVERTSEN moved a SUBSTITUTE MOTION that HB 755 DO PASS. He briefly spoke in favor of the bill. The motion was seconded and PASSED by a VOTE of 11 to 4, the NO votes being REP. WINSLOW, KEYSER, PAVLOVICH and MENAHAN.
HB 514.
REP. MANNING MOVED that HB 514 be taken off the table and RE-CONSIDERED. The motion CARRIED, OPPOSED by REP. WINSLOW.
REP. MANNING moved for a DO PASS ON HB 514. REP. DUSSAULT presented amendments to the committee for consideration (EXHIBIT XIX), explaining that they change reference to licensing-and certification
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among other prov1s10ns. After further discussion REP. NILSON MOVED the AMENDMENTS. The motion CARRIED. REP. NILSON MOVED that HB5l4 DO PASS AS AMENDED. The motion was seconded and FAILED by a vote of 8 NO to 7 YES.
CHAI&~N GOULD MOVED THAT THE MOTION AND THE VOTE BE REVERSED. That motion was seconded and PASSED. THE recorded motion for HB 514 is DO NOT PASS AS AMENDED with the NO VOTES recorded as follows: REPRESENTATIVES GOULD, BERGENE, CONN, MANNING, METCALF, NILSON AND MANNING.
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"io
n
of
>mol
dn!!
; a. "Th~
Maj
esti
c'
Vic
e."
S. CI.nn:~ ••
T
m:
AO
VF
.NT
UR
r.s
OF
TO
M S
\wn~
I J.1
(1'If
i3).
2.
P
UR
I.I"
Ih
e"'.T
II
S'.V
IC ...
U
.S.
IlfJ
'AR
TM
F."
r O
F
HrA
I.T
II,
ElI
lIC
AT
ION
,,
"D
WO
:I.FA
•• ,
.~,'
'''k
l''G
A
"D
HFA
J:r1
l vi
i (1
97
9)
[her
ein"
flC
r ci
ll'd
"'
1!l7
!!
RE
rou
],
Th
e p
crrr
nia
ge
Ita •
• in
ce d
rop
ped
tn
55%
_ ld
. 3.
ld
_ 4.
PU
ftL
l!::
H'M
.TII
S
nv
lrf .•
l U
;. n
FrA
RT
MF
.NT
O
F H
EA
LT
II,
En
ur-
,'T
/"'"
.•
NO
\V
rLF
AU
, S
MO
ltlN
G
AN
D
HF
AL
TII
"
(1%
'1)
[her
elo
afte
r ci
led
as
1%,1
R
.ro
n).
414
,~:',
I:
'1"
!~.:'
~ ,
'.,;
' •
I, ltl
) ii' I
~ "
I
. ~
I,,:
!
: ~ j,'
~k
~;
!;
• ';
'.
: ~
I :
/ ~ :
, ,,!: ..
.. ,
. \
1980
] N
ON
SM
OK
ER
S'
RIG
HT
S
145
bu
t p
rob
ably
dan
gero
us t
o t
he p
eopl
e ar
ou
nd
him
, to
o,1
Th
e 1
975
and
197
9 re
port
s co
nfir
med
thi
s fi
ndin
g,.
As
the
dang
ers
of
smok
ing
have
be
com
e m
ore
,un
den
too
d,
seve
ral
mea
sure
s ha
ve b
een
take
n to
pro
tect
peo
ple
who
cho
ose
no
t to
sm
oke
(ro
m
thos
e w
ho s
mok
e:
stat
e,
have
ena
cted
5t
atut
e,~;
T ci
tie~
ha
ve
pa
-
, .. .1 " ,t .:, .....
, ~
\'
~ I' \
. !.
~\
.,'!
',
g, "
l. ~
1.~:
-.l.
:
416
,11/
.SSU
Ull
J L
.llI
' R
JT
/EIV
[V
,.!.
4!)
... 1<
1 fl
OlI
>lII
okcr
, bc
gan
~"Cl
'lif
lg t
h"i
r ri
gl"
lu
",It
·IY.
An
li·,
mo
lin
g s
l"tu
le.
are
"l'fl
l'ari
ll!l
' ag
ain
,I'
ahh
oll
gh
th
e m
odl'l
ll '
!;ll
lIte
s ar
c .i
gn
ifk
antl
y d
il-
(ere
nt f
rom
th
eir
prct
/ccc
»ors
. \V
hen
Ihe
cad
) /;1
1\ s
wer
e cn
aClc
d. r
ig,I
I'cll
e ,n
lOle
had
nu
t llc
ClI
prov
ell
"all
g"lU
lIs
to h
um
am
'. T
od
ay t
hat
d""
gcr
i,
wid
ely
le('
ugni
lcd
.• o
\Vhi
le t
he c
ady
Sla
lIIt
n w
en'
cnan
cd I
OIr
gely
to
tll/
uH
e m
oral
I,
ella
-dsn
an
d t
o p
rcl'
ent
fire
h
alar
d,.
" Ih
e le
cCll
t st
atut
es a
ll'
spc,
ci
fica
lly
d('s
igll
cti
10
p
rotc
ct p
eopl
e fr
om
the
hC;l
hh
dall
gers
o
f dg
~ret
le
slll
oke.
"' A
lso.
whi
le t
he
old
er s
tatl
llcs
wer
e il
illl
ed a
t p
roh
ihit
ing
all
(,ig
a.
rell
e >
Ilw
king
, m
od
ern
sta
tute
s se
ek o
llly
10
p
rotc
n p
eop
lc i
n p
ub
lic
plac
es
from
th
e sm
okc
of
othe
rs.2
' T
he
mo
der
n
stat
ule
•• u
nli
ke
the
ov
erh
road
ea
rly
law
.'"
are
pro
bab
ly h
ere
to .
tay.
Ill.
I\
h_
DIC
'\L
E
l'lD
EN
C.E
O
N
TH
t:
HA
RM
O
F
"IN
VO
LU
NT
AR
Y
SM
OK
ING
"
Th
e
wid
ely
reco
gniz
ed
dang
ers
of
toba
cco
smo
kin
g'"
to
th
e sm
ok
er
lend
cre
den
ce t
o H
orac
e G
reel
ey's
def
init
ion
of
a ci
gar
as "
a fi
re a
t o
ne
end
am
i a
fool
ilt
the
oth
er."
" T
he s
cien
tifi
c ev
iden
ce o
n t
he
subj
ect
is s
o o
\'er
wh
elm
ing
th
at c
ourt
s ha
ve t
al-e
n ju
dic
ial
noti
ce o
[ "t
he
toxi
c n
atu
re
of
cigi
lrcl
tc s
lIIo
h ,
md
its
wel
l k
no
wn
ils
>oc
iati
on
wit
h em
phys
ema.
lu
ng
C
d Il
ler
and
hea
rt d
isea
se."
n In
197
9. c
igar
elte
sn.
lOki
ng w
as t
he s
ingl
e m
ost
18.
Sa
not
es 5
0-1~
5 an
d ac
com
pany
ing
text
inf
ra.
19,
Spe
cula
tion
exi
sted
. th
ough
, T
he
renn
esse
e S
upre
me
Cou
rt h
ad
this
1
0
say
abou
t ci
gaT
trte
s as
lon
g ag
o as
Hi
OO:
H'.
thi
llk
Ihey
arc
not
[l
cgil
imol
c an
icle
s of
com
mer
ce]
beca
use
who
lly
noxi
ous
and
dclt
leri
ous
10
he
alth
. T
hei
r us
e is
alw
ays
hann
ful.
ne
vcr
bend
.ci;
d. T
hey
poss
e ..
no \
'irtu
e. b
ut a
re i
nher
entl
y ba
d, a
nd b
ad o
nly.
T
hey
fin
d
no
true
(om
ln{'
nda[
ion
Cor
mer
it o
r u
sefu
lnes
s in
an
y sp
here
. O
n
tile
co
ntra
ry.
they
ar
e w
idel
y co
nd
emn
ed
as
per
nic
iou
s al
toge
ther
. B
e)'o
nd
'I u
eMio
n,
thei
r ev
ery
ten
den
cy
is
tow
ards
th
e im
pai
mle
nt
of
pl!)
Sk~1
1 h
cah
h a
nd m
enta
l vi
Kor
. T
her
e is
n
o p
roof
in
th
e re
cord
as
to
th
e cI
"Ir;
lcte
r of
cig
arel
l."
yet
thei
r ch
arac
ter
is so
wel
l al
ld s
o ge
nera
lly
know
n /0
be
tha
t Sl
ated
abo
ve I
hot
Ihe
cour
.. a
re a
utho
rize
d 1
0 ta
ke j
u.
dic
ial (uglljz~n{e
of t
he
fact
....
Auu
in v
. S
,ate
. lU
I T
elln
. 56
5.
566.
18
S.W
. 50
5.
306
(189
8).
a/rd
. 17
9 U
.S.
315
(190
0).
20.
Su
nol
es 2
5·19
and
acc
ompa
nyin
l{ l
exl
iI/I
ra.
21.
See
no
tes
15 &
: 16
and
acc
ompa
nyin
g te
xt s
upra
. 22
. S
u
nOle
68
and
acco
mpa
llyin
g te
xt
infr
a.
23.
Su
no
lc
IH a
lld a
ccum
panl
'ing
text
inf
ra.
2·\.
Mlil
oll~
h a
cily
or
din.
lllce
cm
ircl
y h,
lIIn
in!:
.m
okin
l(
in
publ
ic
Slre
els
be(;
IlI'"
of
'he
(ire
h'"
ard
was
uph
dd i
n C
omm
onw
ealt
h v.
Tho
mps
oll.
53
~Ias
s.
(12
MC
L)
231
(181
7).
sim
ilar
.. >l
ules
w
ere
foun
d to
o b,
oad
in Z
ion
v.
Beh
lens
. 26
2 II
I. 51
0.
JO·I
1'1.
£. 8
36
(191
-1).
and
Her
sbbe
C)l
v. B
arbo
urvi
lle.
142
Ky.
60,
13
3 S,
W.
985
(J!J
II).
F
or a
Icn
g-lIl
)' di
scu"
ion
of e
arly
am
ism
okin
g .c
tiOIl
, .e
c ,·l
llli·
smok
ing
l.rK
isla
lion
. ,u
pra
not
e 14
. at
168
·75.
25
. A
ll to
bacc
o sm
okin
g ca
n be
dan
gero
us t
o in
volu
nlar
y sm
oker
s.
IFor
the
de
fini
lion
of
invo
lunt
ary
mok
ing.
see
teX
I ac
com
pany
ing
note
50
infr
a.)
Scie
ntif
ic
rese
arch
ind
ical
es I
hat
pipe
and
cig
ar s
mok
e co
ntai
n th
e sa
me
com
roun
ds f
ound
in
cig
....
k sm
oke.
S
u
gtn
"all
y 19
79 R
EPO
RT,
",p
ra
note
2.
ch
. 3.
W
hen
the
pl.ra
se "
ciga
rett
e sm
Oki
ng"
is us
ed
in
this
C
omm
ent.
rigo
rs
and
pipe
s ar
e ;th
o in
clud
cd.
26.
S. W
ACN
ER,
SIIp
r.
nOle
I.
al 5
1.
27.
Shi
mp
v.
Ne"
Je
rsey
Bel
l T
el.
Co .
• 11
5 N
.J.
Supe
r.
S16.
52
7.
568
A.2
d
,
, . J J
" ~
i . ur
~\'p;; ;,
,i'!' I
-'" ,
'{vfi"'
JI .
I:, ,I
I ~
• ',
.;:
.' ;,.~"
:P.
I : '
., . .
. ,'~
.1 ..
. ~
.. _
_..
. l
1980
] N
ON
SM
OK
ER
S'
RIG
lJT
S
447
illl
po
nal
ll
prev
cnla
llie
cnv
irol
llnc
llla
l {a
ctur
Wil
t! ih
uti
ng
to
il
lnci
S.
di.
a·
!Jil
ity.
an
d d
eath
ill
th
e lJ
uit
ed S
tate
s. a
lld
hea
lth
dam
age
rc.u
ltin
g {
mil
l
,iga
rCll
e .I
llok
ing
('ost
the
uat
ion
an
est
imat
ed 2
7 bi
llio
n do
llar
s in
med
ical
G
Irl'.
ah,
ellt
ceis
llI.
dcc
reas
ed w
ork
prod
ucti
vily
. al
ld a
cddc
lIlS
.'s I
n
1970
, a
pu
hl;
, o
pil
lio
n p
oll
rcp
on
ed t
hat
87.
5'10
of
thc
po
pu
lali
on
agr
eed
wit
h l
he
stiI
lCII
"'I1I
; "S
lIIo
king
cig
arct
tes
is
har
mfu
l 10
he
i,lt
h."'
" D
e.pi
te t
he
wid
e re
cogl
liti
on t
hat
cig
aret
te s
nlok
ing
is h
arm
ful
to t
ile
smok
er,
le.s
is
kn
ow
n
ahol
lt I
he d
allg
er o
f in
vo
lun
tary
sm
okin
g.
Inv
olu
nta
ry
smok
ing.
al
so
('al
led
pass
ive
smok
ing
or
seco
nd·h
and
smok
ing.
occ
urs
whe
n a
no
nsm
ok
er b
reat
hes
air
that
con
tain
s th
e to
bacc
o sm
oke
of
a sm
oker
.ao
Th
e t
obac
co s
lllo
ke i
n th
e ai
r co
mes
fro
m t
wo
sour
ces;
m
ain
stre
am a
nd
sid
estr
eam
sm
oke.
Mai
nstr
eam
sm
oke
is t
he s
mok
e th
at i
s p
ull
ed t
hro
ug
h t
he c
igar
ette
by
the
smok
er. It
is f
ilte
red
bo
th b
y th
e ci
ga.
rett
e al
lll
the
lung
s o
f th
e sm
oker
. S
ides
trea
m s
mok
e is
th
e u
nfi
lter
ed s
mok
e fr
om
the
lit
end
o
f a
bu
rnin
g c
igar
ette
. w
hich
. he
caus
e of
th
e la
ck
of
filt
erin
g. i
s ev
en m
ore
dan
ger
ou
s to
the
non
smok
er t
han
the
ex
hal
ed s
mok
e fr
om t
he'
smo
ker
's m
ou
th."
'
On
ly r
ecen
tly
has
inv
olu
nta
ry s
mok
ing
been
re
cogn
ized
as
a
hca
lth
h
alar
d.
TIl
e b
om
bsh
ell
1964
S
urge
on
Gen
eral
's
repo
rt
did
n
ot
disc
uss
inv
olu
nta
ry s
mok
ing.
T
he
1972
re
port
. ho
wev
er.
men
tio
ned
th
e po
ssib
le
haza
rds
of
inv
olu
nta
ry s
mol
dng.
32
an
d
the
1975
an
d
1979
rep
orts
co
nta
in
add
itio
nal
fin
ding
s in
thi
s re
gard
.• s
In a
ddit
ion.
the
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f C
hest
Phy
sici
ans.
th
e W
orl
d H
ealt
h O
rgan
izat
ion.
an
d t
he
Wo
rld
Co
nfe
r·
ence
on
Sm
ok
ing
an
d H
ealt
h h
ave
issu
ed s
tate
men
ts w
arn
ing
of
the
dang
ers
of
inv
olu
nta
ry s
mo
kin
g."
Th
e l
atte
r tw
o or
gani
zati
ons
have
rec
om
men
ded
re
stri
ctio
ns o
n s
mo
kin
g i
n p
ub
lic
plac
es.3
4 A
lso.
in
volu
ntar
y sm
okin
g ha
s be
en
the
subj
ect
of
a la
rge
nu
mb
er o
f re
cent
art
icle
s in
med
ical
jo
urn
als
and
oth
er s
chol
arly
pu
bli
cati
on
s.1
e
408.
414
(App
. D
iv.
1976
). A
ccor
d. 2
9 A
M. J
UR.
2d
Evi
denc
e §
120
(196
7) (
cili
ng f
our
case
l). S
evcr
nlle
gisl
atur
e. h
ave
spec
ific
ally
rec
ogni
zed
the
dang
er o
f ci
gare
tte s
mok
e.
See
note
s 66
-68
and
acco
mpa
nyin
g te
xt i
nfra
. 28
. 19
79 R
UO
RT,
sup
ra n
ote
2. a
t vi
i. 29
. A
lili
smoA
ing
Leg
isla
lion
, su
pra
note
H
. at
181
. SO
. Se
e 19
79 R
EI'O
RT,
supr
a no
te 2
. al
11·
15.
51.
A.
BROD
Y &:
II.
BROD
Y.
THE
LEGA
L RI
GHTS
O
F
NONS
A/OK
ERS
21
(197
7)
[her
rina
fler
rit
ed a
s l\I
-
t .... t: r~ t: 't • 'I \ , ,t-/ 'Ii. t,~ 'f) [ II .(, :i; ,j' , , i: I /\' '; I I' ,t i' , " ,1 I \ .' ,J ii'l ~ ~i I i; • ' .. ;1 I " I' • i 1.'f I' ;1' ,I ',~; '#, U 'y,:
'>.
.. ~. .
418
MIS
SO
C//
![ I
.AII
' R
EI'
WW
rv
ol.
45
Alt
ho
ug
h t
he
full
ex
ten
t o
f th
e da
nger
s o
f in
vo
lun
tary
sm
okin
g is
no
t ye
t kn
own.
cer
tain
con
clll
sion
s ha
ve a
lrea
dy b
een
stat
ed w
ith
con
fide
nce:
1.
Mo
st
hea
lth
y
peop
le
in i
nv
olu
nta
ry s
mo
kin
g
situ
atio
ns
luff
er m
ino
r ey
e an
d t
hro
at i
rrit
atio
n.1
T
2.
Inv
olu
nta
ry s
mok
ing
by h
ealt
hy
peo
ple
can
caus
e sl
i~ht
d
eter
iora
tio
n
in
psyc
hom
otor
pe
rfor
man
ce.
espe
cial
ly
atte
ntiv
e·
ness
an
d c
ogni
tive
fu
nct
ion
."
.'I.
Inv
olu
nta
ry
smok
ing
does
si
gnif
ican
t h
arm
to
fe
tuse
s.
infa
nts.
an
d c
hiid
ren.
1t
4.
Peo
ple
wit
h ce
rtai
n h
eart
dis
ease
s m
ay
suff
er e
xace
rba·
ti
ons
of
thei
r sy
mpt
oms
as a
res
ult
of
inv
olu
nta
ry s
mok
ing.
f•
5.
Peo
ple
wit
h c
erta
in l
un
g d
isea
ses
(e.g
., ch
ron
ic b
ronc
hiti
s.
emph
ysem
a) h
ave
cons
ider
able
exc
ess
mo
rtal
ity
un
der
con
diti
ons
of
seve
re
air
po
llu
tio
n,
and
in
vo
lun
tary
sm
okin
g si
tuat
ions
ca
n p
rod
uce
po
llu
tan
ts t
o a
deg
ree
as h
igh
or
hig
her
th
an t
hose
th
at
occu
r d
uri
ng
air
po
llu
tio
n e
mer
gen
cies
." T
he
U.S
. P
ub
lic
Hea
lth
S
ervi
ce
rep
ort
s th
at
ther
e ar
e 15
V!
mil
lion
p
eop
le
wit
h
such
ch
ron
ic l
un
g p
robl
ems
in t
ile
Un
ited
Sta
tes.
"
6.
Man
y i
ndiv
idua
ls a
pp
ear
to b
e al
lerg
ic t
o to
bacc
o sm
oke.
u u
tim
ate
s ra
nge
[rom
1.5
mtl
lio
n t
o at
lea
st 3
1 m
illi
on
." S
ympt
oms
vary
fr
om
"eye
ir
rita
tio
n,
nasa
l sy
mpt
oms,
he
adac
he,
coug
h.
whe
ezin
g. s
ore
thro
at.
naus
ea,
hoar
sene
ss,
dizz
ines
s, u
pp
er r
espi
ra·
tory
tra
ct d
istr
ess,
cho
king
sen
sati
on,
loss
o[
mem
ory,
hgh
tlte
aded
. ne
ss,
di[[
jcul
ty
in
conc
entr
atio
n,
depr
essi
ve
pers
onal
ity
chan
ges.
d
ou
ble
vis
ion,
sh
ort
bla
ckou
ts.
to l
esio
ns o
n t
lte
skin
,""
,ayi
ng.
"We
prim
ary
smok
ers
are
sick
an
d tir
ed
of b
eing
bu
gged
by
se
cond
ary
.mok
en,
part
icul
arly
whe
n th
ey !
tart
whe
ezin
g an
d su
eezi
ng a
nd
havi
ng a
goo
d tim
e at
our
exp
ense
." C
olum
bia
(Mo.
) T
ribu
ne,
July
31.
19
79,
at 4
. co
l. I.
'7
.,
1979
REr
oRT,
.u
pra
not
e 2.
at
11·2
5:
1975
REP
ORT
, su
pra
note
6.
at 1
07:
Anl
i.lm
okin
g L
egis
/ali
on
, su
pra
note
14,
at
178.
'8
. 19
79 R
EpO
RT,
,Iupr
n no
te 2
. at
11·
54.
39.
BROD
Y, ,
ui>T
a no
te 3
1, a
t 3
'; P
UBLI
C H
EALl
'Il S
Eltv
lCE,
U
.S.
DEPA
RTM
>:NT
OF
HF.
ALT
H,
EDU
C,\T
10N
AND
WEL
FARE
, Ti
l>:
SMOK
ING
DIG
En 2
6 (1
977)
["e
rein
aflc
r ci
ted
as S
MOk
ING
DIG
E-n)
. 40
. 19
79 R
uOR
T.
supr
a no
te 2
, at
11·
29;
1975
RU
OR
T, s
upra
not
e 6.
at
107:
~MOII.ING
DIG
.n,
sup
ra
note
59
, at
24
. A
rec
ent
expe
rim
eflt
conc
lude
d th
at i
n·
vo
lun
tary
sm
ok
ing
is
del
eter
iou
s to
th
e n
on
smo
ker
ant
i sir~nificantly
TC
UU
fC5
.m
all
airw
a)'s
func
tion.
W
hite
/I:
Fr
oeb.
Sm
(lI/
.. 4iT
Ivny
s D
ySfu
nct
ion
in
N
o/H
lno
k".
Chr
onic
ally
E"I
JOs~
r1 T
o
TobQ
CC
O Smoh~, 5
02 N
EW
EN
G. 1
. M
F".
720
(1
980)
. 41
. 19
79 R
EPO
RT,
supr
a no
te 2
, at
II·
";
1975
REP
ORT
. su
pra
flote
6.
at 1
05:
S~fOKING
DICE
ST,
s,,!>
ra n
ote
'9,
at 2
4·26
. 42
. T
esti
mon
y of
Dav
id P
. C
ook,
Pr
ogra
m
Dir
ecto
r of
the
Am
eric
an
Lun
g A
ssoc
iatin
n of
Wes
tern
Mi5
Sour
i, be
Cor
e th
e Ju
dici
ary
Com
mit
tee
of t
he M
is.ro
uri
Hou
se o
f R
epre
sent
ativ
es
(Jan
. 16
, 19
79).
H.
BR
OO
Y.
s"(J
ra
note
51.
at
5j:
SMOK
INC
DIG
r.n,
SIIi'T
n no
te '9
. at
21.
The
19
79 R
EPO
RT,
nole
2 .
fIlf
"n,
!tal
cs.
"the
exi
sten
ce o
f a
true
tob
acco
alle
rtn'
",.
flo
t be
en c
lear
ly .
,t.h
li,h
erl,
" bu
t .p
ecul
ate.
Iha
t pe
ople
alle
rgic
to
othe
r th
illl(
' m
ay
al,o
be
alle
rgic
to
toh.
cco
'mok
e. I
d.
at 1
I·3\
. 44
. R
RO
ny,
.w/J
rfJ
no
l('
~I,
at
3~:
Co
mm
eflt
. 11
'1i,.r
l"'
TI,
,'rr'
,'i
Smnk
t·
TI/
fo,,
', lu
: T
he
Srnr
ch
(or
[.rg
al P
at/
a t
o T
O/l
an
()·F
lu
Ifir
, ,
Co
w ..
. J.
ENV
l"'"
I ..
62.
67
(197
6) {
here
inaf
ter
eile
d as
Ire
] .
45.
BR
OD
Y,
supr
a no
te ~
I.
at 3
3 (f
ootn
ote,
om
iner
l).
~Sl
I : t,
'~.
, .
ft:
.j.
ill' ~l
\ ,
( !.I
'. ~'
.~.
"i,
L
I I
'I~
~I
" I
' Ii
;\
t
, '
1.
, \
19R
O]
NO
NS
MO
KE
RS
' R
Tr.
llT
S
7.
Invo
lunt
ary
smok
ing
may
co
ntr
ibu
te t
o th
e d
e"fl
op
men
t o
f se
riou
s di
seas
es i
n o
ther
wis
e h
ealt
hy
in
div
idu
als.
"
,119
In s
hort
. th
e da
nger
of
ciga
rett
e sm
oke
to n
onsm
oker
s is
a s
igni
fica
nt
hea
lth
pro
blem
. M
ost
heal
thy
peop
le e
xp
erie
nce
dis
cern
ihle
. ph
ysir
nl
irri
· ta
tio
n
as
a re
sult
o
f in
volu
ntar
y sm
okin
g.
-
t.'. 1 I, ~.
:t
/ ~ .
~, ,~
\
l.#-
_ ....
n /l ~ ,\:, I
~f , i
t
. __ .....
..... -
.
l~d
,I/W
OU
RJ
LA
II'
RE
VIE
JV
[Vo
l.
45
"II':
.,'
II,,'
1'''I
,ul.,
duli
surv
eyed
"g
reed
w
ilh
Ih
e st
ale
men
t,
,lI1l
1 .1
Il';
~ o
f
,ltl
' )1
'" l(
'1 .
l~rr
fd
hit
h i
t.~;t
III
d,c
.,,
" C
)"
Ihe
pW1'
1c w
ere
,,1,
o a,l
ed
lo
r a
Cl"
po
me
tu lh
e s
late
· ",
e ..
1
I lo
r >l
1I"L
il;g
of
dg
,lfe
llcs
.h
ou
ld
be
allo
wed
in
fe
wer
p
la(c
s th
an
11
i,. I,
. )
... .
\, J.
~tll
jJl
J9
04, 51.2(:~
agrc
c.:d
wit
h lh
e.:
stat
t!lH
Cll
l.D
" S
iUfC
th
eil,
d,c
I"
'" "
(.'l
ic (
,I 1'
''''l
'le
agre
ein
g h
as 'I
c~di
l)'
incrc
ase
d.·
· r\
n
ati
on
·wid
e
." • .1
\ ,,,
,,d,,,
In
l ill 19
i~ l
or
Ihe
To
b'l
fLO
In
stit
ute
by
lhe R
op
er
Org
:lIl
iz;I
· II
, .••
Ii 1
,1 du
o 11
)lIuh
l1:g
: Jc~Ulb:
6!!(.r~
"fav
ured
scp
aral
ing
sil
lokc
rs f
rull
l n
on
-\I
II01
~C I
, d
:I.,
iu '[
'l.tiu
ll!t,
airp
orL
s, i
Jw.I
hus
.)ta
tiol
l.s;
t.i
lj-~
fa
vore
d se
par
atio
n
ill
1111
,: •·
.. ,l
1,l
.hl·
; 7j
~~
Ca\
'orc
d sc
p.lr
atil
)1I
at
ind
oo
r ~po'ling
ev
ents
; .u
HI
i; ,
I" 'I,
,·d "
·I'.I
I.II
ion
in t
alin
g p
\a(C
•. 64
T
he .
ur\
·ey
res
ult
s d
earl
y i
nd
i·
, '"
. Ii
."
110,·
,,·
!:i,
I.,l
or
wh
o
3,h
'oca
le;
,I .t
alu
te
re.l
ricti
ng
sm
ok
ing
il
l
I,,,I>
/.,
I, ••
II"
"'I
'/,un
01
a m
ajo
rity
of
Am
eric
ans.
B.
Slat
e St
atut
es
" "I
i!''
'', tl
,ill
y·I
ou
r st
ates
an
d
the
Dis
tric
t o
f C
olu
mb
ia
hav
e j,
.:"1
.<1,
,,,.
'nlli<
lillg
sm
okin
g in
var
iou
s p
lace
s in
ord
er
to r
ed
uce i
nv
olu
n-
I.,,
) """l'
l't:
, ."
,1
OIl
C
,tat
e ac
com
pli
shes
th
e sa
llie
re
sult
b
y
exte
nsi
ve
.01"
,,,,,
.Ir.
lj\~
Ir
gu
)"ti
on
s.OT
T
he s
tatu
tes
resl
rict
ing
sm
ok
ing
var
y g
reatl
y
\.:
Smok
ers
Non
smoA
erJ
I, r.
c
40%
75
%
Co
mb
ille
d %
61
%
I'll ..
. ;lll
52,5
%
!!1.
7%
1)'.1
1"1
~,.
I'" 7.
5%
5.5%
',
I I··
t" .
,,'
~I)
A: SI
,u
prG
, ."
II.;
II""
,-'I
'I.{
Lt
(isl&
ition
. JU
pT
a
note
14,
at
181
. II
\.rc
r UI~":I.
r 1)
',fI"
ti
l., .
.
IJE
W
SUTV
'Y
1~61
!J
L2~
'S8~
/966
51
.8%
56
,8%
1970
56
.8%
36
03%
'",
\hll
.~,
',(h
i. 2
5,
1979
, at
5,
W\.
2.
1978
St.
Jose
ph
1llo
n·
smo
lers
68
.5%
S
mo
lers
55
%
55%
10
'70
15%
1
67
%
51%
5%
Surv
ey
Co
mb
ined
%
55
%
!Jl%
1-
1%
" i
I ('1'
'I a
i"
cnln
iug
Itg
isl.i
1tio
n to
red
uce
invo
lunt
ary
smok
ing.
see
Gro
ups
/I,
_,
I II
I 1"
'1,,,
(j
,hn
"'l
eI
have
leg
isl.
tio
n r
e.lr
icti
ng
sm
oili
ng.
enac
ted
Cor
rt
.t""
I' I,
chrr
tt.
Ul
""'It
'Cli
ng n
onsm
oker
s. S
ee G
rou
p I
V b
elow
. A
fe
w s
tate
s ha
ve
rill
Jc ,:
I\!
,f,<
II
",u
Hti
u.c
Im
okin
g. S
~e G
rou
p V
bel
ow.
(.,w
l:I"
II
...
. , ~
t.:
§§
98,,\
.1·.6
(S
ul'
p,
I"""
, .. ,,~, u
.. i
sN,
§ 21
··100
8 (C
um,
Su
pp
. 19
79);
M
A".
G~N,
LAW
S .\
,,~.
dl
~~,U.
I ~I
IW
nt
Cum
. Su
pp,
1980
); M
INN
. ST
AT,
AN
N.
§§
IHA
11·.
117
(Wes
t SU
PI"
!',R
III;
I
'~!l M
,.tI,
1., ..
. , ch
. 56
8; N
EB.
REV
. ST
AT.
§§
71·5
701
to ·
5715
(S
upp.
J!
179)
; !,
>:"
. K
.,
S,U
II
:ro
2.2~
90-.
2492
(1
975)
; N
.H.
Rev
. ST
AT,
A
NN
. §
155.
42
(Su
pp
I',
,'!l
~ I
RI\
S
H1
., 2
C:B
·13
(Su
pp
. 19
79);
N
.Y.
PUB.
HU
LT
I. 1
...w
§§
I~!l!l·" ,
..
'I ,\
1.
",,1
/><
) SU
l''''
1979
); N
.D.
C};
"T. (;
"I\~
~§
25·1
2·09
to
·1
1 (1
978)
; 01
110
It"
(' ..
,,'
I"
1',
9.0
'1
(Pag
e S
up
p.
1979
);
OK
LA
. ST
AT,
A
NN
. ti
t.
21,
§ 12
17
(\\'
1'1
1
'''1
,'
I~;'.);
lU.
GE
N.
I.A
WS
H
25
·56·
1. ·
2 (C
um.
Sup
\"
1978
); s,n
, C
o!>
" II
/I
J. ,,,
. I"
II
~2·
IC·I
. ·2
(1
979)
: T
u,
PEN
AL
CO
or.
AN
N,
III.
10
. §
·18.
01
!,\,
<rn
ull
~"I'
!!
I~;~');
("."
1 (
;UlIE
A'N
, f§
76.
10:1
01
to ·
110
(Cum
. S
up
p,
1975
);
~IH
\V.l
e I.~.
,IY
,I,
1\1
•• I"
uK,o
n .I
alc
rCK
ul.I
IUII
.),
~
, . '/'
...
\.",
I; f{
t~ ~
I .• <
i I
t I ~ ".
. I
i, II~
: i I;
I ,
I \
fl~;
T t ,.)
,;.
I,'
t r' ,
. .f!
' !
"I
I'
. I
L ..
'"
19
80
) N
ON
SM
OK
ER
S'
RIG
HT
S
451
in s
cop
e an
d f
un
ctio
n.
Tw
cllI
y·C
ive
slal
CJ
hav
e a
spcd
fic a
nd
fai
rly
co
mp
re-
hen
siv
e st
atu
te
rest
ricti
ng
sl
llo
kin
g
in
pu
bli
c."
G
ener
ally
, C
lean
In
do
or
Air
kg
i.la
tio
ll c
on
tain
s th
e f
ou
r el
elll
cUls
th
at t
he
Am
erk
an
Lu
ng
Ass
oci
a-
tio
n
lws
iden
tiIi
ed
as
CO
llllll
OII
to
eff
ecli
ve
anli
-sm
ok
ing
leg
isla
tio
n;
I.
Defi
nit
ion
of
term
s,
part
icu
larl
y t
ho
se w
ord
s w
hic
h
hav
e m
ore
th
an
on
e c
on
no
tati
on
(e
,g.,
"pu
bli
c p
lace
"),
2.
Req
uir
em
ell
t th
at
pla
inly
vis
ible
si
gn
s b
e p
ost
ed
in
all
area
s w
here
sll
lok
ing
is
rest
rict
ed o
r p
roh
ibit
ed
to a
lert
eve
t-yo
ne
to t
he r
eg
ula
tio
ns
in e
ffec
t.
3.
Cle
ar
dele
gati
on
of
au
tho
rity
; id
enti
fica
tio
n o
f th
e o
ffic
-ia
ls an
d/o
r ag
enci
es r~'Spo\Uible
Cor
th
e p
ub
lici
ty,
po
stin
g.
an
d
en
forc
em
en
t o
f th
e r
eg
ula
tio
ns.
4.
Desi
gn
ati
on
of
pen
alt
ies
for
vio
lati
on
s to
p
rov
ide
ince
n-
tiv
es f
or
ad
heri
ng
to
th
e r
egu
lati
on
s. II
GR
OU
P I
I: M
D.
AN
N.
CO
DE
art.
58
A,
§ 25
(1
957)
(f
irew
orks
). a
n. 4
5,
§ 54
-I
(195
7)
(phy
sici
ans'
oH
ices
. n
urs
ing
hom
es.
hosp
ital
s).
art.
45.
§
200
(195
7)
(lo
od
ca
nnin
g).
art.
78
, §
35A
(S
up
p.
1979
) (b
uses
),
art.
89
, §
64
(195
7)
(ele
vat
on
);
MIC
II.
CO
M!'.
LA
WS
§§ 333.21~~5
(198
0)
(ho
me.
lo
r th
e ag
ed).
35~.21531
(198
0)
(hos
pita
ls),
53
3.21
733
(198
0)
(nu
rsin
g
hom
es).
40
8.82
0 (S
upp.
19
aO)
(ele
vato
rs).
28
9.70
7a
(Su
pp
. 19
80)
(ret
ail
food
e.t
abli
shm
ents
). 3
33.1
2905
(1
980)
(r
eota
uran
ts).
28
9.12
9 (1
967)
(c
ann
enes
); O
R.
RE
V.
STA
T.
§§ 2
13,3
15 •. 5
50
(197
9)
(sta
le o
£lim
).
1!J~.710
(1!J
79)
(pn
bli
c m
eeti
ngs)
. 41
1.81
5 (J
!J79
) (h
osp
it.b
), 4
79.0
15
(197
9)
(c1e
-\a
tors
).
Gn
OU
p I
II:
CA
L.
HeA
LT
li &:
SA
H:n
CO
DE
U 2
5940
. 25
940.
5.
2594
1 to
259
47
(We.
t S
up
p.
1980
) (c
erta
in
area
s in
pu
blic
ly
owne
d bu
ildi
ngs)
; C
AL.
PU
D.
UT
iL.
CO
DE
§ 56
1 (W
cst
Su
pp
, 19
80)
(pu
bli
c tr
ansp
orta
tion
) (C
alif
orni
a's
Cle
an I
n·
do
or
Air
Act
. ch
. 10
.7,
was
rej
ecte
d a
t th
e g
ene .
... 1
elec
tion
hel
d N
ov.
7.
1978
); D
u,
CO
DE
AN
N.
tit.
II.
§ 13
26
(197
9)
(bus
es);
D.C
. CO
DE
AN
N,
§ .j<
j·216
(S
upp.
19
78)
(pu
bli
c tr
ansp
ort
atio
n);
FLA
. ST
AT.
§§
823.
12
(197
6)
(ele
vato
,..).
255
.27
(Sup
p. 1
980)
(g
ov
ern
men
t bu
ildi
ngs)
; ID
AIIO
CO
DE
§§ 1
8·59
04 t
o ·5
906
(197
9)
(pu
bli
c m
eeti
ng
.);
MIS
S, C
OD
E A
NN
. §
97·3
5.1(
4).
(7)
(197
2)
(bus
es);
PA
, ST
AT.
AN
N.
tit.
H.
§ 36
1 (p
ur.
d
on
Su
pp
. 19
80)
(hos
l'ita
ls);
I'A
. Sl
·AT
. A
NN
. ti
t. 5
5. §
570
2 (P
urd
on
19
72)
(ret
ail
.tor
es);
I'A
. ST
AT.
AN
N.
lit.
35.
§ 1
225
(Pu
rdo
n 1
977)
(t
heal
res,
pu
bli
c as
.cm
blk-
s);
WA
SIl
. R
EV. Coo~
AN
N.
§ 47
.56.
730
(Sup
p, 1
980)
(f
erri
es).
G
RO
UP
IV
: IL
L. A
NN
. ST
A·r.
ch.
96Y
z. §
2105
(S
mit
h·H
urd
197
9)
(min
es);
IL
L.
AN
N.
STA
T.
Lh,
96Yz
. §
2015
(S
mit
h·H
urd
19
79)
(mag
azin
e);
II.L
. A
NN
. ST
AT.
ch
. 127~'2,
§ 10
9 (S
mit
h·H
urd
Cu
m.
Su
pp
. 19
76)
(fir
ewor
ks);
IN
D.
COD
E A~N. §
§ It
).
1·22
·21.
16-64·2~
(Bu
rns
1973
) (f
ood
proc
esse
d o
r st
ored
);
Ky.
R
.-v.
ST
AT.
A
NN
, I
552.
170 (
5)
(Bal
dwin
19
77)
(min
ea);
K
y.
REV
, ST
A1'.
A
NN
. I
458,
050
(Bal
dw
in
Cu
m.
Su
pp
. 19
78)
(sch
ool
prem
ises
);
LA,
RE
V.
STA
T.
AN
N.
f 17
:416
(A)
(We"
, S
up
p,
1980
) (s
choo
l pr
emis
es);
ME
. Ih
v.
STA
T.
AN
N.
tit.
25,
§ 2
43$
(196
·1)
(mil
ls.
buse
s. f
acto
ries
, .h
ip),
ards
; fi
re p
rev
enti
on
in
min
d);
RS
Mo
§ 3
20.1
50
(197
8)
(fir
e.
wor
ks);
N.M
. ST
AT.
AN
N.
§§ 6
5·7,
2, ·
5, 6
5·/4
·17
(197
4)
(min
es);
S.C
. CO
DE
I§ 2
5·35
·90.
·1
00
(197
0)
(fir
ewor
ks);
S
,C.
CO
DE
§ 59
-67·
150
(197
6)
(sch
ool
bus)
; T
EN
N.
CO
DE
'''N. ~
53
·J01
1 (1
977)
(f
irew
orks
); T
"NN
. C
OIlt
: A
NN
. §§
59-
6·10
5(lJ
). 0
9(j)
•. 5
10(.
),
·7·1
06
(198
0)
(min
(!S)
; T
EN
N.
CO
DE
AN
N.
§ 59
·7·1
08(h
) (1
980)
(m
agaz
ine)
; V
T.
STA
T. A
NN
. ti
l. 2
0, §
275
2 (1
968)
(b
uil
din
g w
ith
sig
n po
sted
; fi
re p
reve
llli
on m
ea ..
ur
e);
VA
. C
OD
. §
3 1·
579
(197
3)
(foo
d pr
oces
sing
); V
A.
COD
E §
45.1
·59
(197
4)
(mag
a.
zinc
s);
VA
. C
OD
E §
15.1
·98
(197
4 II:
Cu
m.
Su
pp
. 19
79)
(min
es);
W.
VA
. CO
UE
§ 21
·5-8
(1
978)
(f
a<to
ries
. m
erca
nti
le c
.tab
li.h
mel
lls)
: W
, V
A.
CO
ilE §
16-
9·7
(197
9)
(sch
ool.
);
W,
VA
. C
onE
§
22·2
·57(
b)
(197
8)
(min
e.);
W
. V
A.
CUD
K
§ 22
·2·5
5 (1
978)
(u
line
su
rfac
e);
WY
o. S
TAT.
§ 8
0·6·
107
(197
7)
(min
es).
G
HO
Ul'
V: AI
"b"I
II~.
N
on
h C
aro
lin
a. a
nd
Wi,
wll
$in.
!It
s. G
nm
p
I. II
OL
c 57
slI
/lfa
" fi9
, SM
OK
ING
l>I
CE
' .. ·•
supr
a n
ote
59
•• t
85.
\
~'
~
,I"
:(, 1 41 ~Ij !/,l " , . I i: II'" ~ . ' ; " 0.1 " " '.: I; :1\ " ':1 1/'- ,.\ ~
, it·
t" J I .! ',1 I 'I 1...1 I) H I) l, 1 .,' .( i
I "{
i' III
d '1 I f· ) ~~ ,', 't' I; f;
-
1 '~H i'lt II , I ~ I II { , .\. ! ~ J. 'j " " l ! ' , ,I \) I,' , •• 1 , ' • ';'i ii, j.J: I ;' .i. i I :, r' " i I', :! , I Ii: l; t· " ,~~ ij~ :t •
452
MIS
SO
UR
I lA
W
l1E
I'll
':1l
' [V
ol.
45
Th
ree
.tat
es h
ave
a g
rou
p o
f st
atut
es,
rath
er t
han
on
e si
ngle
com
pff'
hens
ive
stat
ute,
wh
ich
lim
it t
he p
lace
s w
here
sm
okin
g m
ay o
ccur
. eo
In e
ffec
t. t
hese
st
atut
es a
re p
rob
ably
ju
st a
s co
mpr
ehen
sive
as
thos
e in
mo
st s
ingl
e·st
atut
e st
ates
. S
even
sta
tes
and
the
Dis
tric
t o
f C
olu
mb
ia h
ave
stat
utes
for
pro
tect
ion
of
nons
mok
ers
that
on
ly p
roh
ibit
sm
okin
g in
a
par
ticu
lar
pu
bli
c pl
ace.
u
Th
ese
stat
utes
typ
ical
ly
men
tio
n o
nly
buse
s o
r el
evat
ors,
al
tho
ug
h
som
e pr
oscr
ibe
smok
ing
in
cert
ain
pu
bli
c m
eeti
ngs.
g
ov
ern
men
t bu
ildi
ngs,
re
tail
sto
res.
or
hosp
ital
s. T
hir
teen
sta
tes
have
sta
tute
s p
roh
ibit
ing
sm
okin
g in
cer
tain
are
as,
no
t be
caus
e o
f th
e ai
r p
oll
uti
on
dan
ger
to
no
nsm
oker
s.
bu
t be
caus
e o
f fi
re h
azar
ds,
food
co
nta
min
atio
n,
or
rest
rict
ions
on
sm
okin
g by
ch
ild
ren
at
scho
ol.e
• T
hre
e st
ates
hav
e n
o s
tatu
tes
pro
hib
itin
g s
mok
ing .
••
All
tw
enty
·fiv
e co
mpr
ehen
sive
an
ti-s
mok
ing
stat
utes
w
el'e
en
acte
d si
nce
1974
. T
he l
irst
sta
te t
o pa
ss a
com
preh
eits
ive
law
pro
hib
itin
g s
mok
ing
in d
esig
nate
d p
ub
lic
plac
es w
as A
rizo
na.u
T
he m
ost
rece
nt w
as C
onne
cti·
cu
t, w
here
th
e C
on
nec
ticu
t C
lean
In
do
or
Air
Act
wen
t in
to e
ffec
t O
cto
ber
I.
197
9."
":rh
e co
mpr
ehen
sive
sta
tute
s va
ry g
reat
ly i
n d
etai
l, b
ut
man
y o
f th
em c
on
tain
sim
ilar
cha
ract
eris
tics
. S
ever
al s
tate
sta
tute
s de
clar
e in
a
pre
amb
le t
hat
sm
okin
g is
a
hea
lth
ha
zard
ee o
r a
pu
bli
c nu
isan
ce.8
T A
few
leg
isla
ture
s ha
ve g
on
e ev
en f
urt
her
in
sta
tin
g t
he s
tatu
tory
pur
pose
, sa
ying
th
at t
he s
tatu
te i
s m
ean
t to
pro
tect
th
e ri
gh
t o
f th
e n
on
smo
ker
to
bre
ath
e cl
ean
air.
es
Suc
h a
stat
emen
t o
f
60.
Gro
up I
I, n
ote
57 s
upra
. 61
. G
roup
III
, no
te 5
7 su
pra,
62
. G
roup
IV
, no
te 5
7 su
prn.
65
. G
roup
V.
note
57
supr
a.
64.
AC
TIO
N
ON
S
MO
ltlN
G
Be H
EA
Ll1
l,
HIS
TO
RY
O
F
TII
F.
WA
R
AG
AIN
ST
S
MO
KIN
G
1964
·197
8 (n
.d.).
65
. A]I.f~RICAN
LU
NG
AS
SO
CIA
TIO
N
OF
\V
ES
TE
RN
M
ISS
OU
RI,
S~IOKING
Ar\
D
HE
AL
TH
REPO
RT (
Sept
. 19
79).
In M
isso
uri.
the
Mis
sour
i C
lean
In<
loor
Air
Act
pas
sed
out
o(
the
Inte
nt'
te C
omm
itte
e w
ith
a 3·
2·1
vote
in
Janu
ary
1980
. T
he b
iIl,
how
ever
, di
ed o
n th
e Pe
rfec
tion
Cal
enda
r.
66.
Sl!t
la
ws
from
.~
rizo
lla,
A
rkan
sas,
C
alif
orni
a,
Co
lora
do
, M
innc
l\ot
a,
Ne·
br
aska
, N
evad
a,
Okl
ahom
a,
Ore
llon,
R
hode
Is
land
, an
d W
ashi
n!(t
on.
cite
d nO
le
57 s
upra
. 67
. S
u l
aw.
(rom
Ala
.h,
Ariz
ona,
O
klah
oma,
Rho
de
Isla
nd,
Sout
h D
ak.o
ta
(It.
tute
lis
ted
unde
r he
adin
g P
ubli
c N
uisa
nce)
, an
d Id
aho
(sta
tute
lis
ted
unde
r Ii
eadi
ng P
ubli
c N
uisa
nce)
, ci
ted
note
57
supr
a.
68.
ARK.
ST
AT.
AN
N.
§ 82
·370
1 (C
um.
Supp
. 19
79)
prov
ides
: In
form
atio
n av
aila
ble
to t
he G
ener
al
Ass
embl
y ba
sed
upon
sci
entif
ic r
eo
sear
ch
data
h •
• sh
own
that
no
nsm
ok.c
rs
oft,'
n re
eeh'
e cl
am ag
e to
th
eir
heal
th f
rom
th
e sm
okin
g o
( to
b.cc
o hy
oth
ers.
It
is t
here
fore
