PowerPoint Presentation By

M.SWATHImarakalaswathi@rocketmail.com

Department of computer scienceSt.Ann’s P.G. college for women

mallapur

ROBOTICS-Robotics is the science and technology of robots,

their design, manufacture and application. Robotics requires a working knowledge of

electronics, mechanics, and software. The word robotics was first used in print by Issac

Asimov, in his science fiction short story "Runaround" (1941).

Autism - is a Sevier developmental disorder that is

characterized by social and communicative impairments. Social robots recognize and respond to human social cues with appropriate behaviors.

For past three years, robotics group has been immersed in one of the premiere clinical research groups studying autism, led by Ami Klin and Fred Volkmar at the Yale child center.

Humanoid robots Humanoid robots help autistic help autistic

childrenchildren

OutlineOutline

Motivation of the creators Autistic disorders A survey of the research

– Why robots might help

Conclusions The field of research

MotivationMotivation

Research in Human-Robot Interaction

Looking for a killer application– advertisement, receptionists, multi-media kiosks,– theatre and installations,– help elderly and disabled adults, – normal child supervision– toys

Better – How can we use robots to help people?

Autistic Disorders: What are their Autistic Disorders: What are their Characteristics ?Characteristics ?

Inability to relate to other people

Little use of eye contact with other people

Difficulty understanding gestures and facial expressions

Difficulties with verbal & non-verbal communication

Difficulty understanding other’s intentions, feelings, and mental states

1 of 300 children diagnosed with autism with rates rising.

Why Use Robots for children with Why Use Robots for children with autism?autism?

Most children, including children with autism, are attracted to robots.

This natural affinity is exploited, and the robot is used as an interactive toy.

Robots may provide a less threatening environment than interacting with people.– Robots can provide a repetitive and more predictable

environment.– This “safe” environment can gently push a child with autism

towards human interaction.

Development of “Robota” robots for autistic childrenDevelopment of “Robota” robots for autistic children

A six-year old autistic boy playing with Robota.

He seemed curious about Robota's head movements and so he touches the doll.

1. Research from Switzerland, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

• “Robota … allows the child to understand that the doll’s movement originates from his own movement (sense of agency)• It helps to understand that the doll’s movement is limited to a restricted category of movement (enhances intentional action)”

Imitation Using RobotaImitation Using Robota

The prototype of armThe prototype of arm The current prototype of arm is a 6 DOFs arm with a 1 DOF

gripper. It is 26 centimeter long for 700gr.

The different DOFs were designed to be reversible

The first three degrees of freedom are placed in the shoulder. This implies that the elbow moves on a sphere one DOF in the

elbow and two DOFs in the wrist. The gripper is composed of 3 fingers actuated by one single DOF. To have an absolute measure of the position of each joint, we

have placed potentiometers on each axis to send the motors to reset position.

This ensures minimal risks when the robot interacts with children, by preventing any involuntary motion if the robot should reset itself.

The prototype of eyesThe prototype of eyes

A prototype of a 3 DOFs pair of eyes has been developed.

One DOF drives the horizontal rotation of the two eyes and the two other DOFs drive the vertical rotation of each eye.

Thus, the robot can wink but not squint!

In each eye, we have placed one ''mobile phone'' CMOS camera.

We use then real doll eyes that we modify to insert the cameras, by drilling a tiny hole through the pupil, making sure that the it remains intact.

The volume of the eyes is, however, too small to contain the electronic board (that proceeds to the digital conversion of the image).

Thus, the sensor must be connected to the board through a flex cable in such a way that the cable is not impeding the movement of the eyes.

Autism Diagnosis MethodsAutism Diagnosis Methods

1. Reaction to the ESRA robot with and with and withoutwithout the face configuration

Can generate facial expressionsusing 5 servo motors

Two motors added for horizontal eye movement

Autism Diagnosis MethodsAutism Diagnosis Methods

2. Measure listening preferences to speech sounds

At the press of a button,an audio clip is played.

The interaction of a child withthe robot is loggedin non-volatile memory.

Enabling InteractionEnabling Interaction

Joint attention: Sharing the perceptual information

Eye-contact: Referring to each other's mental states

Enables people to exchange intention and emotion toward a target.

Autism Diagnosis MethodsAutism Diagnosis Methods

3. Position tracking relative to another person

Autism Diagnosis MethodsAutism Diagnosis Methods4. Gaze direction and focus of attention

Red – adolescents with autismBlue – typical adolescents

ConclusionsConclusions

The use of robots for autism therapy and diagnosis is just beginning.

There is anecdotal evidence that robot therapy can help children with autism

Robots are capable of recognizing user, gesture ,gaze ,speech and text commands.

The Field of ResearchersThe Field of Researchers

Francois Michaud– University of Sherbrooke, Canada

Hideki Kozima– National Institute of ICT, Japan

Brian Scassellati and Bob Schultz– Yale University

Aude Billard– Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)

Jacqueline Nadel– French National Centre of Scientific Research