MSU FFI NZ MPI Food Fraud 2015 Oct 12 Oct 13 to...

www.FoodFraud.msu.edu

(C) 2015 Michigan State University 1

Food Fraud what it is, why it is important, why now

Food Protection Forum Ministry for Primary Industries, NZ

Monday, October 12, 2015 Session 3 – Food Defense – 11:40 to 1:10

Auckland, New Zealand

John Spink, PhDDirector & Assistant Professor, Food Fraud Initiative

www.FoodFraud.MSU.edu Twitter @FoodFraud and #FoodFraud

*

2

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC – free, open, online)• November 2 & 6 Bi-Lingual English-Mandarin, May 2016 • Free, open, online, open to everyone, includes a ‘certificate of completion’


Executive Education (Short-Course)• Food Fraud, Quantifying Food Risk

• September 21-22/ 23-24; Feb 1-2/ 3-4, 2016

Graduate Courses (Online, Three Credits)• Anti-Counterfeit & Product Protection (Food Fraud)

• Quantifying Food Risk (including Food Fraud)

• Food Protection and Defense (Packaging Module)

• Packaging for Food Safety

Graduate Certificate (Online, Four Courses Each)• Certificate in Food Fraud Prevention (Food Safety)

Master of Science in Food Safety (Online)• www.online.FoodSafety.msu.edu

Food Fraud Curriculum

© 2015 Michigan State Universitywww.FoodFraud.msu.edu



© 2015 Michigan State University

3

Introducing Food Fraud including translation and interpretation to Russian, Korean, and Chinese languages食品欺诈介绍，翻译成俄语、韩语和中文

• Translation by local scholars and food safety experts

• 由各国食品安全专家和学者翻译

• Reference in their language (country)

• 为不同语言的国家提供参考信息

• Future translations planned

• 计划下一篇文章翻译


Defining Food Fraud• Action: Deception Using Food for Economic Gain

– Including the sub-category of “Economically Motivated Adulteration” or EMA– Note: FDA currently defines EMA as a “substance” for “economic gain”– Consistent with GFSI, EC/EU, UK, ISO, and others…

• Motivation: Economic Gain – “Food Defense” motivation is traditionally harm or terror

• Effect:– Economic Threat –Consumers and Governments expect Food Agency Controls– Public Health Vulnerability or Threat

Examples• Horsemeat in ground beef• Peanut Corporation selling known

contaminated product• Diluted or extra virgin olive oil• Melamine in pet food and infant formula• Over-icing with unsanitary water

• Unauthorized unsanitary repackaging (up-labeling or origin-laundering)

• Cargo Theft reintroduced into commerce/ Stolen products

• Expired product date code tampering or “refreshing”

Reference: Spink & Moyer (2011). Defining the Public Health Threat of Food Fraud, Journal of Food Science

www.FoodFraud.msu.edu © 2015 Michigan State University 4



Source: Food Fraud Think Tank Presentation, GFSI, 2012, 2013, 2014

TamperingOver-Runs

What is Food Fraud?

Food Fraud

Dilution Contaminant

Grey Market/ Theft/ DiversionCounterfeiting

Unapproved Enhancements

Mislabeling

Substitution

FDA/FR* “Economically Motivated Adulteration”

All FraudUK, EU, GFSI, China, ISO…

© 2015 Michigan State University

5www.FoodFraud.msu.edu

The Food Risk Matrix

Action

IntentionalUnintentional

Harm: Public Health, Economic, or

Terror

Food Defense

Food Safety

Motivation

Gain: Economic

Food Fraud(1)

Food Quality

Prevent by Understanding the Motivation

Source: Adapted from: Spink (2006), The Counterfeit Food and Beverage Threat, Association of Food and Drug Officials (AFDO), Annual Meeting 2006; Spink, J. & Moyer, DC (2011) Defining the Public Health Threat of Food Fraud, Journal of Food Science, November 2011

Fo

od

Sec

uri

ty

© 2015 Michigan State University 6www.FoodFraud.msu.edu




© 2015 Michigan State University 8

China: Food Safety Law中华人民共和国食品安全法

(Baltimore, USA)




Acknowledgements• MSU Veterinary Medicine: Dean Christopher Brown, Chair Dan Grooms, Chair Ray Geor, Dr. Wilson Rumbeiha,

Cindy Wilson, Dean John Baker• MSU Global: Associate Provost/ Executive Director Christine Geith, Jerry Rhead, Gwyn Shelle, Lauren Zavala,

Associate Provost/ EVP Dr. Karen Klomparens, Rashad Muhammad• Queens’s University Belfast (UK): Professor & Director Christopher Elliott, Dr. Moira Dean, Dr. Michael Hollis• MSU Online Master’s of Science in Food Safety: Director Melinda Wilkins, Ex-Director Julie Funk, Kristi Denbrock,

Heather Ricks, Peggy Trommater, Heidi Chen, Dr. Gary Ades, Chair Ray Goer• MSU Food Science: Chair Fred Derksen, Les Bourquin, Bradley Marks, Felicia Wu, VP of Research Ian Gray, David

Ortega, Gale Strasburg• MSU Program in Public Health: Director Michael Rip and Douglas C Moyer• MSU NFSTC: Dr. Scott Winterstein, Trent Wakenight,, Dr. Kevin Walker, Sandy Enness, Jen Sysak, Dr. Rick Foster,

to name a few critical contributors and supporters. • MSU Food Safety Policy Center: Dr. Ewen Todd• MSU School of Packaging: Dr. Bruce Harte, Dr. Robb Clarke, Dr. Laura Bix, Dr. Paul Singh, Dr. Diana Twede, Dr.

Gary Burgess, Dr. Harold Hughes, Dr. Mark Uebersax, Dennis Young, and Director Joseph Hotchkiss• MSU Communication Arts/ Consumer Behavior: Dr. Maria Lapinski and Dr. Nora Rifon• MSU Criminal Justice: Dr. Jeremy Wilson, Director Ed McGarrell, Dr. Justin Heinonen, Roy Fenoff, Zoltan Fejas,

Barbara Sayre, and Sara Heeg• MSU Supply Chain Management: Dr. Cheryl Speier, Dr. Ken Boyer, Dr. John MacDonald, Chair David Closs, Dr.

Stan Griffis, Dr. Judy Whipple• MSU College Social Science: Dean Marietta Baba and Assoc Dean Chris Maxwell• MSU College of Law: Dr. Neil Fortin and Dr. Peter Yu• MSU Libraries: Anita Ezzo, Nancy Lucas, Kara Gust• MSU International Programs: Dr. Mary Anne Walker, Dr. John Whimms• State of Michigan’s Ag & Food Protection Strategy Steering Committee: Dr. John Tilden, Brad Deacon, Gerald

Wojtala, Byron Beerbower• The Citadel: Dr. Roy Fenoff




DiscussionJohn Spink, PhD

[email protected]

Twitter: Food Fraud and #FoodFraud


www.FoodFraud.msu.edu 11© 2015 Michigan State University

Food Fraud Global Trends and

Prevention StrategiesFood Protection Forum Ministry for Primary Industries, NZ

Monday, October 13, 2015 <>

Auckland, New Zealand

John Spink, PhDDirector & Assistant Professor, Food Fraud Initiative

www.FoodFraud.MSU.edu Twitter @FoodFraud and #FoodFraud

*



Defining Food Fraud• Action: Deception Using Food for Economic Gain

– Including the sub-category of “Economically Motivated Adulteration” or EMA– Note: FDA currently defines EMA as a “substance” for “economic gain”– Consistent with GFSI, EC/EU, UK, China, ISO, and others…

• Motivation: Economic Gain – “Food Defense” motivation is traditionally harm or terror

• Effect:– Economic Threat –Consumers and Governments expect Food Agency Controls– Public Health Vulnerability or Threat

Examples• Horsemeat in ground beef• Peanut Corporation selling known

contaminated product• Diluted or extra virgin olive oil• Melamine in pet food and infant formula• Over-icing with unsanitary water

• Unauthorized unsanitary repackaging (up-labeling or origin-laundering)

• Cargo Theft reintroduced into commerce/ Stolen products

• Expired product date code tampering or “refreshing”

Reference: Spink & Moyer (2011). Defining the Public Health Threat of Food Fraud, Journal of Food Science


FDA Food Protection Plan

• Prevention– increasing corporate responsibility to prevent food-borne

illnesses – identifying food vulnerabilities and assess risks – expanding the understanding and use of effective mitigation

measures

• Intervention– focus inspections and sampling based on risk – enhance risk-based surveillance – improve the detection of food system “signals” that indicate

contamination

• Response– improve immediate response – improve risk communications to the public, industry and other

stakeholders(FDA Food Protection Plan, Fact Sheet, 2008)

Adulteration

Food Protection

REMOVE

FS FD

Prevent

FF




Global Activities – September 2015• UK Elliott Review (Food Fraud/ Food Crime)• EC Resolution on Food Fraud, and EP Focus (Food Fraud)

– Food Integrity Project

• Interpol Operation Opson I, II, III (Food Crime/ IP)• GFSI Guidance Document

– Food Fraud Think Tank/ Food Fraud Mitigation Position Paper

– Food Fraud Vulnerability Assessment Workshop

• PAS 96 Food Defence (Intentional), plus…• ISO TC 247 Fraud Countermeasures and Controls• GMA: Brand Protection, Consumer Product Fraud

– EMA/FF Tool -- TBD

• US Pharmacopeia/ Food Chemicals Codex (Adulteration)• Chinese Food Safety Laws – April announce, October Implement

– Traditional and non-traditional, prevention– 13th Five-Year Plan

• Corporate Processes and Systems– Quality/ Six Sigma; Enterprise Risk Management/ Chief Risk Officer, COSO principles


USA Activities – September 2015• GAO Fruit Juice Adulteration (1996) “Economic Adulteration”

• GAO Seafood Fraud (2/2009)

• CRS Seafood Fraud (2009)

• FDA Public Meeting on EMA (5/2009) “Economically Motivated Adulteration”

• FSMA (1/2011) – Overall and section on “Intentional Adulteration” (IA)

• GAO Report on EMA (10/2011) “Prevent all threats”

• GMA Consumer Product Fraud report (1/2011)

• FSMA IA Rule (12/2013 open, closed 2/2014) “EMA” to Food Safety/ Preventative Controls

• CRS Seafood Fraud (2013)

• FSMA Third-Party Certifications

• CRS Report on Food Fraud (1/2014) “Food Fraud”

• FSMA PC Rule (Final, EMA open - 9/2014; publish draft 8/2015)

• Presidential Task Force on Seafood Fraud (8/2014)

• FSMA IA/PC (8/2014) (Food Defense/Food Safety): Limited resources so limited scope

• FSMA PC Rule: aspects pertaining to EMA/Food Fraud, in the Final Rule so no open comment period




FSMA IA Update

Public Meetings 2013/2014• IA narrows to only “catastrophic event”

(traditional Food Defense, terrorism)

• Disgruntled employees and EMA to Preventative Controls

• FDA is seeking comments on where and how EMA (including Food Fraud) should be addressed (Final PC Rule published in September 2015)


FSMA-PC Rule and Food Fraud/EMA

Conclusions

1. Must address Food Fraud/EMA that could lead to a health hazard

2. FSMA-PC Rule is not the only Food Fraud regulation

3. It appears that current broad Food Fraud Vulnerability Assessment and Food Fraud Prevention Plan activities will lead to compliance with FSMA-PC regarding Food Fraud/EMA

18www.FoodFraud.msu.edu © 2015 Michigan State University



Keyword SearchThe keyword search quickly conveys how much attention is given to FF/EMA in the FSMA-PC Final Rule. The Human Foods document contains 906 pages and the Animal Foods document has an additional 666 pages. Overall there at over 470,000 words in the two Final Rule documents. Listed below are keywords associated with FF/EMA including the number of times they are mentioned in the two documents.

• Reasonably Likely to Occur: 21 mentions

• Reasonably Foreseeable Hazard: 123 mentions

• Fraud or Fraudulent: 12 mentions

– (Food Fraud: 0 mentions)

• Economically Motivated Adulteration: 40 mentions

– (“EMA”: 0 mentions)

• Adulteration: 140 mentions

• Adulterated: 202 mentions

– (Adulterant: 0 mentions)

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FSMA-PC Rule and Food Fraud/EMA

www.FoodFraud.msu.edu © 2015 Michigan State University

Acknowledgements• MSU Veterinary Medicine: Dean Christopher Brown, Chair Dan Grooms, Chair Ray Geor, Dr. Wilson Rumbeiha,

Cindy Wilson, Dean John Baker• MSU Global: Associate Provost/ Executive Director Christine Geith, Jerry Rhead, Gwyn Shelle, Lauren Zavala,

Associate Provost/ EVP Dr. Karen Klomparens, Rashad Muhammad• Queens’s University Belfast (UK): Professor & Director Christopher Elliott, Dr. Moira Dean, Dr. Michael Hollis• MSU Online Master’s of Science in Food Safety: Director Melinda Wilkins, Ex-Director Julie Funk, Kristi Denbrock,

Heather Ricks, Peggy Trommater, Heidi Chen, Dr. Gary Ades, Chair Ray Goer• MSU Food Science: Chair Fred Derksen, Les Bourquin, Bradley Marks, Felicia Wu, VP of Research Ian Gray, David

Ortega, Gale Strasburg• MSU Program in Public Health: Director Michael Rip and Douglas C Moyer• MSU NFSTC: Dr. Scott Winterstein, Trent Wakenight,, Dr. Kevin Walker, Sandy Enness, Jen Sysak, Dr. Rick Foster,

to name a few critical contributors and supporters. • MSU Food Safety Policy Center: Dr. Ewen Todd• MSU School of Packaging: Dr. Bruce Harte, Dr. Robb Clarke, Dr. Laura Bix, Dr. Paul Singh, Dr. Diana Twede, Dr.

Gary Burgess, Dr. Harold Hughes, Dr. Mark Uebersax, Dennis Young, and Director Joseph Hotchkiss• MSU Communication Arts/ Consumer Behavior: Dr. Maria Lapinski and Dr. Nora Rifon• MSU Criminal Justice: Dr. Jeremy Wilson, Director Ed McGarrell, Dr. Justin Heinonen, Dr. Robyn Mace, Roy Fenoff,

Zoltan Fejas, Barbara Sayre, and Sara Heeg• MSU Supply Chain Management: Dr. Cheryl Speier, Dr. Ken Boyer, Dr. John MacDonald, Chair David Closs, Dr.

Stan Griffis, Dr. Judy Whipple• MSU College Social Science: Dean Marietta Baba and Assoc Dean Chris Maxwell• MSU College of Law: Dr. Neil Fortin and Dr. Peter Yu• MSU Libraries: Anita Ezzo, Nancy Lucas, Kara Gust• MSU International Programs: Dr. Mary Anne Walker, Dr. John Whimms• State of Michigan’s Ag & Food Protection Strategy Steering Committee: Dr. John Tilden, Brad Deacon, Gerald

Wojtala, Byron Beerbower• The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina): Dr. Roy Fenoff




DiscussionJohn Spink, PhD

[email protected]

Twitter: Food Fraud and #FoodFraud




APPENDIX: Overview presented October 12, 2015, MPI/NZ

MSU FFI NZ MPI Food Fraud 2015 Oct 12 Oct 13 to...

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