Msm Carbon Fibre

8/8/2019 Msm Carbon Fibre

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FIBER REINFORCED

COMPOSITES


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FIBERS:

1. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is a

Polymer Matrix Composite material reinforcedby carbon fibers.

Carbonfibers are very expensive but they

possess the highest specific (divided by

weight) mechanical properties:modulus of

elasticity and strength.


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Carbon fibers are used for reinforcing

polymer matrix due to the following

their properties

Very high modulus ofelasticity exceeding thatofsteel;

High tensile strength, which may reach (7GPa);

Low density: 114 lb/ft (1800 kg/m);

High chemical inertness.

The main disadvantage ofcarbon (Graphite)fibersis catastrophic mode offailure (carbon

fibers are brittle).


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The types of carbon fibers are as

follows:

UHM (ultra high modulus). Modulus ofelasticity >65400 ksi (450GPa).

HM

(high modulus). Modulus ofelasticity isin therange 51000-65400 ksi (350-450GPa).

IM (intermediate modulus). Modulus ofelasticity isinthe range 29000-51000 ksi (200-350GPa).

HT (high tensile, low modulus). Tensile strength > 436

ksi (3 GPa), modulus ofelasticity < 14500 ksi (100 GPa). SHT (super high tensile). Tensile strength > 650 ksi

(4.5GPa).


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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP)

are characterized by the following

properties:

Light weight;

High strength-to-weight ratio; Very High modulus elasticity-to-weight ratio;

High Fatigue strength;

Good corrosion resistance;

Very low coefficient ofthermal expansion; Low impact resistance;

High electric conductivity;

High cost.


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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) are

used for manufacturing:

automotive marine and aerospace parts, sport goods (golfclubs, skis, tennis racquets,

fishing rods)

bicycle frames.


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2.Glass-reinforced plastic

Glass-reinforced plastic (GRP),[1] also known

asglass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP),[2] is a

fiber reinforced polymer made ofa plastic

matrix reinforced by fine fibers made ofglass.

It is also known asGFK (for

Glasfaserverstrkter Kunststoff), or simply by

the name ofthe reinforcingfibers themselves:fiberglass.


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The types of glass used for fiberglasses

are as follows:

E-Glass the most popular and inexpensive glassfibers.The designation letter E means electrical (E-Glassisexcellent insulator). The composition ofE-glass rangesfrom52-56% SiO2, 12-16% A1203, 16-25% CaO, and 8-13% B203

S-Glass stronger than E-Glassfibers (the letter S meansstrength). S-Glassis used in military applications and inaerospace. S-Glass consists ofsilica (SiO2), magnesia(MgO), alumina (Al2O3).

S+R-Glass the strongest and most expensive glassfibers

oflow diameter (halfofthat ofE-Glassfibers). C-Glass corrosion and chemical resistant glassfibers. C-

Glassfibers are used for manufacturingstorage tanks, pipesand other chemical resistant equipment.


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Properties:

Anindividual structural glassfiber is both stiff

and strongintension and compression

GRP is a lightweight, strong material


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Fiberglasses (Glass fibers reinforced polymer

matrix composites) are characterized by the

following properties:

High strength-to-weight ratio;

High modulus ofelasticity-to-weight ratio;


Good insulating properties;

Low thermal resistance (as compared to

metals and ceramics).


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Applications

GRP is also used in the telecommunications industry .

Used for partsinboats, automobiles, water tanks,roofing, pipes.

Storage tanks can be made ofGRP with capacities up toabout 300 tonnes. GRP tanks are also used for septictanks

Other usesinclude sheet form made electrical

insulators and other structural components commonlyfound in the power industries

GRP and GRE pipe systems can be used for a variety ofapplications, above and under the ground.


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3.Kevlar (aramid) fiber reinforced

polymers Kevlar is the trade name (registered by

DuPont Co.) ofaramid (poly-para-phenylene

terephthalamide) fibers.

Kevlar fibers were originally developed as a

replacement ofsteel in automotive tires.

Distinctive features ofKevlar are high impact

resistance and low density.


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Kevlar fibers possess the following

properties:

High tensile strength (five timesstronger per weightunite thansteel);

High modulus ofelasticity;

Very low elongation up to breaking point;

Low weight;

High chemical inertness;

Very low coefficient ofthermal expansion;

High Fracture Toughness (impact resistance);

High cut resistance;

Textile processibility;

Flame resistance


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TYPES OF KEVLAR FIBERS

Kevlar 29 high strength (520000 psi/3600 MPa), lowdensity (90 lb/ft/1440 kg/m) fibers used formanufacturing bullet-proofvests, composite armorreinforcement, helmets, ropes, cables, asbestos replacing

parts. Kevlar 49 high modulus (19000 ksi/131 GPa), high

strength (550000 psi/3800 MPa), low density (90lb/ft/1440 kg/m) fibers used in aerospace, automotiveand marine applications.

Kevlar 149

ultra high modulus (27000 ksi/186 GPa), highstrength (490000 psi/3400 MPa), low density (92lb/ft/1470 kg/m) highly crystalline fibers used asreinforcing dispersed phase for composite aircraftcomponents.


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MATRIX:

1.Polymer(Fiberglasses)

Fiberglass is a commonname ofPolymer MatrixComposite materials reinforced by fine glassfibers.

The most popular matrix materialsfor manufacturingfiberglasses are Thermosets such asunsaturatedpolyesters (UP), epoxies (EP) and Thermoplastics suchasnylon (polyamide), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene(PS), polyvinylchloride (PVC).

Fiberflass materials usually have laminate structurewith different fibers orientationsin the reinforcingglass layers.


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Fiberglasses (Glass fibers reinforced polymer

matrix composites) are characterized by the

following properties:

High strength-to-weight ratio;

High modulus ofelasticity-to-weight ratio;


Good insulating properties;

Low thermal resistance (as compared tometals and ceramics).


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Applications ofFiber Glass.

Fiberglass materials are used formanufacturing:

boat hulls and marine structures,

automobile and truck body panels,

pressure vessels,

aircraft wings and fuselage sections,

housingsfor radar systems,

welding helmets, roofs, pipes.


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2.Metal Matrix Composites

According to the classification ofcompositematerials:

MetalMatrix Composite (MMC) is a material

consisting ofa metallic matrix combined with aceramic (oxides, carbides) or metallic (lead,tungsten, molybdenum) dispersed phase.

AluminumMatrix Composites (AMC)

M

agnesiumM

atrix Composite TitaniumMatrix Composite

Copper Matrix Composites


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Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMC)

Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMC) arereinforced by:

Alumina (Al2O3) or silicon carbide (SiC)

particles (particulate Composites) in amounts15-70 vol%;

Continuousfibers ofalumina, silicon carbide,

Graphite (long-fiber reinforced composites); Discontinuousfibers ofalumina (short-fiber

reinforced composites);


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The following properties are typical for

Aluminum Matrix Composites:

High strength even at elevated temperatures;

High stiffness (modulus ofelasticity); Low density;

High thermal conductivity;

Excellent abrasion resistance.


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Magnesium Matrix Composite

Magnesium Matrix Composites are reinforced

mainly by silicon carbide (SiC) particles

(particulate composites)


Magnesium Matrix Composites:

Low density;

High stiffness (modulus ofelasticity);

High wear resistance;

Good strength even at elevated temperatures;

Good creep resistance.


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Applications

Titanium Matrix Compositesare used for

manufacturingstructural components ofthe

F-16 jets landinggear,

turbine engine components (fan blades,

actuator pistons, connecting links, shafts,

discs), automotive engine components,

general machine components.


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Applications

Magnesium Matrix Compositesare used for

manufacturing componentsfor racing cars,

lightweight automotive brake system, aircraft partsfor:gearboxes,

transmissions, compressors and engine.


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Copper Matrix Composites

Copper Matrix Composites are reinforced by:

Continuousfibers ofcarbon , silicon carbon

(SiC), tungsten (W), stainlesssteel (long-fiberreinforced composites);

Silicon carbide particles (particulate

composites).


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Copper Matrix Composites:

Low coefficient ofthermal expansion;

High stiffness (modulus ofelasticity); Good electrical conductivity;

High thermal conductivity;

Good wear resistance.


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Titanium Matrix Composite

Titanium Matrix Composites are reinforced

mainly by:

Continuous monofilament silicon carbide fiber(long-fiber reinforced composites);

Titanium boride (TiB2) and titanium carbide

(TiC) particles (particulate composites).


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Titanium Matrix Composites:

High strength;

High stiffness (modulus ofelasticity);

High creep resistance; High thermal stability;

High wear resistance.


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Applications:

Copper Matrix Compositesare used for

electronic relays,

electrically conductingsprings and other electrical and electronic components


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ceramic matrix reinforced by whiskers ofsilicon carbide (SiC), titanium boride (TiB2),

aluminum nitride (AlN), zirconium oxide (ZrO2)

and other ceramic fibers. Most ofCMC are

reinforced by silicon carbide fibers due to theirhigh strength and stiffness (modulus of

elasticity).


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Typical properties of long-fiber

Ceramic Matrix Composites:

High mechanical strength even at hightemperatures;

High thermal shock resistance; High stiffness;

High toughness;

High thermal stability;

Low density;

High corrosion resistance even at hightemperatures.


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Application:

These composites are used for manufacturing

combustion liners ofgas turbine engines,

heat exchangers, rocket propulsioncomponents, filtersfor hot liquids, gas-firedburner parts, furnace pipe hangers, immersionburner tubes.

used for manufacturing heat exchangers,filtersfor hot liquids, thermo-photovoltaicburners, burner stabilizers.


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FILLERS:

These are quartz Silica Tricalcium phosphateand Zirconium dioxide

Addition offillers provide Strength

Rigidity

Hardness

Increase in modulus ofelasticity Decrease in coefficient ofthermal expansion

Decrease in contraction.


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COUPLING AGENTS:

Organic silanes such asgamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane

Functions:-

binds the filling particles to resin matrix

Allow more flexible polymer matrix to transferstresses to stiffer filler particles

Provide hydrolytic stability by preventing thewater from penetrating along the filler resinmatrix.


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