MSDSMaterial Safety Data Sheets

• How toxic is that chemical?

• If a child swallows it, what do I do?

• A Pakistani woman recently drank household bleach, how much is fatal?

• MSDS sheets provide many answers, our project for this dry lab experiment

Material Safety Data Sheets• Required for chemicals used in commerce

– Many listings from suppliers http://sciencelab.com/

• Standard format in 15 parts– NPFA diamond with values for health, fire, reactivity– (1-2) Identification, Composition(1-2) Identification, Composition– (3-4) Hazards identification, First Aid measures– (5) Fire & explosion risk – (6) Accidental release measures– (7-8) Handling and storage, Exposure controls– (9-10) Physical and chemical properties, reactivity– (11) Toxicology, LD50, LC50

– (12-15) Ecology, disposal, transport, regulatory.

LD50, LC50

• A measure or index of toxic risk

• The dose when 50% of population dies

• LD50 measurement is exposure by mass– Ingestion most common, also injection– Mg of poison per kg of victim, mg/kg

• LC50 is a gas or liquid exposure measure– Concentration of poison, usually mg/liter– Exposure could be inhalation, skin contact

Typical MSDS sheet

LD50 usually found in section 11

LD50 details

• Definition for LD50

– mg/kg = Milligrams of poison per kilogram of victim– Small value is poison, large value is the victim mass– Some materials hazardous in small (mg) amounts– Nicotine 125 mg/kg (rat)

• Why mice?– Immoral and illegal to use people for experiments – Nazi war crimes, Dr. Josef Mengele “angel of death”

• See book, Macht Ohne Moral– Mammals have similar sensitivities to many poisons– Small animals easy to raise, mature quickly– Mice, rats, rabbits are common test subjects

Don’t experiment on people!Josef Mengele pursued as a war criminal for doing that

LD50 definition

A leap of faith• We ASSUME human equivalency

– Equivalent poison/victim mass ratio– Not always true, mouse ≠ rabbit data

• Metabolism, tolerances can differ• Rasputin ate cyanide, shot 3x, then shot 4x

– For Caffeine (section 2, 11) oral LD50

• 192 mg/kg [rat]• 127 mg/kg [mouse]• 224 mg/kg [rabbit]

– Which best applies to humans ?• Consider mammal size, diet/metabolism • Safest to use smallest numerical value

Application to Humans

Liquor Example– Ethanol LD50 = 3,450mg/kg (mouse)

– For a 70 kilogram person (154 pounds)• Poison at 3400 mg/kg, victim weighs 70 kg• 3,450mg/kg*70kg = 241,500 mg = 241 gm alcohol• 50% alcohol in whiskey 241/0.5 = 482 gm

– 482gm /0.915 gm/ml = 526 mL (70% of 750 mL bottle)

• 12% alcohol wine 241/0.12= 2,008 gm (2,008 gm (≈≈2 liter)2 liter)• 5% alcohol beer 241/0.05=4820 gm ((≈≈5 liters)5 liters)

– 355 mL per 12 oz, 5 liters = 13.5 cans or 2.3 6-packs

Household Bleach, MSDS an arranged Pakistan marriage resulted in suicide

• Sodium Hypochlorite• NaOCl, 5% solution

– Often sold at 6%

• LD50 = 13gm/Kg (rat)• 120 lb person ≈ 55kg• 13g/kg*55kg = 715g• Density ≈ 1.1g/mL• Volume = 650mL or

about 7/10 quart !

Pakistan village where Shafilea drank bleach to avoid an arranged marriage

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/9449488/The-Pakistan-village-where-Shafilea-drank-bleach-to-avoid-an-arranged-marriage.html

Common allergy pill

• Acrivastine

• LD50: 2500 mg/kg (mice, 2 month expose)

• Dosage 8 mg• Used in treatment of

allergies and hay fever. Blocks histamine receptors in body.

Benadryl and Semprex are trade names for antihistamine Acrivastine, 8 mg dose

http://www.rxlist.com/semprex-d-drug.htm

What’s an Antihistamine?

Another common allergy remedy

•  Cetirizine

• LD50 2,000 mg/kg(mice, 2 month expose)

• Dosage 20 mg• Antihistamine

commonly used for allergies, and hay fever symptoms

Zyrtec is one of several brand names for Cetirizine, 10 mg per pill

http://www.rxlist.com/semprex-d-drug.htm http://www.rxlist.com/zyrtec-drug.htm

Common fungal remedies

• Clotrimazole

• LD50 900 mg/kg (mice, 2 month expose)

• Dosage 10 mg• Anti fungal medication

used for vaginal yeast infection, ringworm, thrush, athlete’s foot.

Mycelex, Lotrimin are brand names for anti-fungal agent clotrimazole, dose 10mg

http://www.rxlist.com/mycelex-drug.htm

Lamasil Antifungal

• Terbinifine hydrochloride

• LD50 20,000 mg/kg

• 250 mg dose (oral)• Antifungal agent,

internal and external

Lamisil anti-fungal

http://www.rxlist.com/lamisil-drug.htm

Common allergy remedies

• Loratadine

• LD50 = 50 mg/kg(mice, 2 month expose)

• 10 mg/tablet• Antihistamine for

allergies. Chemically related to anti-depressant and anti psychotic drugs.

Claritin is brand name for Loratadine

http://www.rxlist.com/mycelex-drug.htm

How dangerous are these?

• Assume 154 pound (70 kg) person

• How much for 50% risk of death?

Not all people have same sensitivityGrigori Rasputin, Russian mystic and confidant to the Tsars

• “Mad Monk” Rasputin murdered 1916• Given enough Cyanide to kill 5 people• Stabbed with entrails hanging out• Shot and clubbed into submission• Shot 4 more times by assassins• Tied up and wrapped in a carpet• Thrown into icy Niva River• Escaped from carpet and bonds• Autopsy cause of death …. Drowning !

• You could be more sensitive than others, or maybe like Rasputin. MSDS values are only a guideline, be careful.

What about herbicides?Tough on plants, “Roundup” very commonly used, low risk

best to wear gloves, note dermal (skin absorption) risk, “G” = general usehttp://pubs.cas.psu.edu/freepubs/pdfs/uo222.pdf (for a long list)

InsecticidesMalathion in aerial spray used to combat fruit-fly infestation

skin absorption more dangerous than ingestion?, “R”=restricted use

Why Malathion?• Malathion is a pesticide that is widely used in agriculture, residential

landscaping, public recreation areas, and in public health pest control programs such as mosquito eradication. In the US, it is the most commonly used organophosphate insecticide.

• Malathion was used in the 1980s in California to combat the Mediterranean Fruit Fly. This was accomplished on a wide scale by the near weekly aerial spraying of suburban communities for a period of several months. Formations of three or four agricultural helicopters would overfly suburban portions of Alameda County, San Bernardino County, San Mateo County, Santa Clara County, San Joaquin County, Stanislaus County, and Merced County releasing a mixture of malathion and corn syrup, the corn syrup being a bait for the fruit flies. Malathion has also been used to combat the Mediterranean fruit fly in Australia.

• Malathion was sprayed in many cities to combat West Nile virus. In the Fall of 1999 and the Spring of 2000, Long Island and the five boroughs of New York City were sprayed with several pesticides, one of which was malathion. While it was claimed by some anti-pesticide groups that use of these pesticides caused a lobster die-off in Long Island Sound, there is as of yet no conclusive evidence to support this.

B.T. Collins’ Malathion cocktaila potentially dangerous publicity stunt

http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/health/psychoactives_ld50s.shtml

LC50

• Lethal Concentration, kills 50% population– Applies to liquids & gaseous poisons

• Termite tenting of house• “Bug Bombs”• Insecticides• War gases (Chlorine, “nerve gas”)

– May have skin exposure, inhalation values– Expressed in concentration units– Milligrams poison per liter of dilution

LC50 examples

• grams of poison per liter of gas or liquid

• Insecticides • Nerve gas• Cyanide (Zyklon B)• Carbon Monoxide• WWI chlorine

Chemical Warfare using Gases

Hazardous Materials, NFPA-704 DiamondSymbol in white for specifics (radioactive, don’t use water, etc.)

Firemen might NOT enter area with danger value >2

Go to http://sciencelab.comclick on “chemical MSDS” Listing.

A list of chemical MSDS also on Jaguar

Chem 32A MSDS Experiment 2

• Description in Selfe Manual, page 9-14

• Worksheets in Lab Supplement– Avoid writing in text so you can return it– Turn in the worksheets & calculations– Turn in the 2 MSDS you choose from web– We are interested in sections 9-11 hazards

• Don’t forget cover sheet + your review– One page over the data sheets