MSc Worklpan & Evidence Portfolio
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Transcript of MSc Worklpan & Evidence Portfolio
1
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS
MSC PROJECT PLAN:
Size and topology optimisation of a steel-space frame roof structure using evolutionary computation
SUBMISSION DATE: 15 SEPTEMBER 2015
4/24/2015
CM – 1073D
Submitted by: Project Supervisor:
Vasileios Karkantzos Dr. Jian Ping Li
UoB: 09023570
WORD COUNT: 2753
Advanced Project Skills
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3
2 Aim ................................................................................................................................ 4
3 Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 4
4 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 5
5 Resource requirements .................................................................................................. 5
6 Time Chart ..................................................................................................................... 6
7 References .................................................................................................................... 7
8 Dissertation Structure..................................................................................................... 8
9 EVIDENCE PORTFOLIO ............................................................................................. 10
9.1 Academic Reading and Writing Skills .................................................................... 10
9.2 Individual Skills and Learning Strategies ............................................................... 11
9.3 Communication and Presentation Skills ................................................................ 13
9.4 Research Skills ..................................................................................................... 14
9.5 Library and Referencing Skills .............................................................................. 15
10 Appendices .............................................................................................................. 16
Appendix 1 ...................................................................................................................... 16
Appendix 2 ...................................................................................................................... 17
Appendix 3 ...................................................................................................................... 18
Appendix 4 ...................................................................................................................... 19
Appendix 5 ...................................................................................................................... 20
Appendix 6 ...................................................................................................................... 21
Appendix 7 ...................................................................................................................... 22
Appendix 8 ...................................................................................................................... 23
Appendix 9 ...................................................................................................................... 24
Appendix 10 .................................................................................................................... 25
Appendix 11 .................................................................................................................... 26
Appendix 12 .................................................................................................................... 27
Appendix 13 .................................................................................................................... 28
Appendix 14 .................................................................................................................... 29
Appendix 15 .................................................................................................................... 30
Appendix 16 .................................................................................................................... 31
Appendix 17 .................................................................................................................... 32
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1 Introduction
Optimisation techniques have been used for a wide variety of design problems in fields of
diverse such as civil, mechanical, aerospace and other types of engineering. Particularly, the
optimisation of truss structures has been one of the most active areas of research for many
years in the field of optimisation algorithms and applications in engineering. The objective of
the structural optimisation is to produce minimum weight structures with maximum strength
and stiffness by changing the layouts of structures within a specified design domain and
subject them to a set of support and loading conditions. Prior to the optimisation process,
finite element analysis method is used to ensure the adequacy of the structure. It is a fact
that structural analysis software combined with numerical optimisation codes allow the
designer to obtain a far better solution than a conventional design.
Optimisation techniques are mainly concerned with mathematical aspects and can be
combined with mathematical algorithms that improve the performance and effectiveness of
the process. It is an optimisation technique based on a parallel with genetic and searches
through a space of possible solutions. It is an attempt to maximise fitness value using
methods based on the survival of the fittest. There are several optimisation techniques and
the purpose of these techniques is to produce optimal designs that satisfy some pre-defined
parameters. Good judgement and relevant experience are needed to in order to reduce the
size of the problem and consequently reduce computational time and design cost. These
techniques are divided into three groups, such as size, shape and topology optimisation.
Each group has different features and different variables depending on the outcome that the
designer wants to have. Size optimisation is aiming to minimise cross-sectional dimensions
of structural elements while topology optimisation take cross-sectional areas of the truss
members as design variables allowing them to take the value of zero. This means that
members are redundant to the structure and can be removed without causing structural
inadequacy. Lastly, shape optimisation, looks at the shape of the initial material layout in a
design domain and can achieve additional structural efficiencies by altering the geometry of
the structure. In science and engineering, optimisation problems tend to be multimodal with
equally good solutions. The determination of multiple solutions can help the designer to fully
understand the design space and find alternative designs to satisfy design requirements.
The most popular methods for solving multimodal functions are the evolutionary
computations which are inspired from nature. The so called Genetic Algorithm (GA) uses
techniques derived from biology and results obtained from its operation are represented as a
genome or chromosome. It is an algorithm based on dynamically changing probability of
mutation, crossover and population size that maximises fitness evaluations using methods
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based on the survival of the fittest by maintaining a population of solutions of which the
poorest are eliminated in each generation. A more effective technique for solving multimodal
optimisation problems is the Species Conservation Genetic Algorithm (SCGA) which is
inspired from the field of ecology, in which the population is divided into several species
according to their similarity. According to this technique, a SCGA was introduced in order to
find multiple solutions of multimodal optimisation problems, including some problems that
are deceptive for GA’s.
In this project, a new methodology for simultaneous sizing and topology optimisation of a
steel space-frame roof structure will be presented using an adaptive species conserving
genetic algorithm (ASCGA). It is a heuristic algorithm, developed for solving multimodal
optimisation problems by defining three parameters: species seed, species radius and
species boundary fitness. A species is referred to the group of individuals with common
characteristics which are dominated by the best individual in the species, called the species
seed. With heuristic techniques, ASCGA can automatically adjust species parameters and
allow the species to adapt in the optimisation problem. Different optimal solutions of a space-
frame roof truss structure design are going to be found using the proposed techniques.
2 Aim
The main aim of this project is to create a free form-steel space frame roof structure model
within MoS software and apply simultaneous size and topology optimisation techniques in
order to decrease the weight and change the geometry of the structure using evolutionary
computation.
3 Objectives
1. Carry out an extensive literature, looking at optimisation techniques and algorithms that are
going to be used.
2. System verification, model checking.
3. Use Modelling and Optimisation System to model a steel space frame truss roof structure.
4. To apply loading conditions in accordance to Eurocode 3.
5. To create the relevant optimisation problem (setting objectives, variables and constraints).
6. To implement adaptive Genetic Algorithms (set parameters).
7. To determine optimal design(s).
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8. To analyse results and the performance of the proposed algorithm.
4 Methodology
This is a software based project. Modelling and Optimisation System (MoS) is a powerful
engineering software that uses mathematical programming techniques to solve engineering
optimisation problems. This system will be used to explore optimal designs with elastic
structure under a series of loading conditions.
Prior to the creation of the main model, a plain truss structure will be picked from a relevant
journal and will be modelled in MoS in order to check the model. A powerful approach for the
formal verification of the software that will provide reliability and correctness proofs of the
system. After the verification of the model, the space frame truss structure model will be
created as well as the optimisation problem. The optimisation problem consists of setting the
objectives, variables and constraints of the problem. The design variable of the optimisation
problem is the constituent elements of the structure with an allowable boundary of cross-
sectional areas of the perspective members (e.g. -10cm^2 – 10cm^2). This boundary will
allow the optimisation process to choose the most optimal cross areas while it will examine if
a cross member is redundant to the structure by giving a negative value to the results. This
will mean that this particular member can be removed from the structure. The constraint of
the problem will be the structure not to fail and the objective will be to minimise the weight of
the structure.
Additionally, adaptive Genetic Algorithms based on dynamically changing probability of
mutation, crossover and population size will be implemented to improve the performance of
the process and increase the quality of the results.
Finally, all the data will be analysed and discussed in terms of reliability, efficiency and
effectiveness based on the techniques that were used.
5 Resource requirements 1. Laboratory computers
2. Microsoft office 2007
3. Modelling and Optimisation System
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6 Time Chart
25-Dec-14 13-Feb-15 4-Apr-15 24-May-15 13-Jul-15 1-Sep-15
Work Plan
Literature Review
Journals, books and article
Reading and collecting information
Write Literature Review
System Verification, Model Checking
Creation of Optimisation problem and Modelling
Analysis of Results and Discussions
Reccomendations
Poster Presentation
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7 References
Hernandez S. and Brebbia C.A. (1993). ‘Optimisation of Structural Systems and
Applications’.
Papalambros, P.Y. and Chirehdast, M. , (1993) ‘Integrated Structural Optimisation System’,
NATO/ARW Topology design of structures’, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordecht,
Netherlands, pp. 501-514.
Li, J.-P., M. E. Balazs, G. T. Parks, and P. J. Clarkson. (2002). ‘A Genetic Algorithm Using
Species Conservation for Multimodal Function Optimization.’ Evolutionary Computation 10
(3): pp. 207–234.
Kociecki, M. and Adeli, H. (2015). Shape optimization of free-form steel space-frame roof
structures with complex geometries using evolutionary computing. Engineering Applications
of Artificial Intelligence, 38, pp.168-182.
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8 Dissertation Structure
1) Abstract
2) Chapter One: Introduction
a. Problem definition
b. Aims and Objectives
Note: Aims for research outcomes and motivation. Objectives for tasks to be completed.
c. Thesis Outline
Note: Dissertation chapter outline
3) Chapter 2: Literature Review
a. Optimisation
i. Shape
ii. Topology
iii. Size
b. Genetic Algorithm
i. GA concepts and applications
ii. GA terminologies
iii. Adapting Species Conservation Genetic Algorithm
iv. Particle Swarm Optimisation
Note: to combine the two algorithms.
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c. Space –Frame Roof structures
4) Chapter 3: Verification Model
5) Modelling and Optimisation
6) Modelling Results & Discussions
7) Conclusions
10
9 EVIDENCE PORTFOLIO
9.1 Academic Reading and Writing Skills
Nature of Skill Developed
Type of Development
Location and date(s)
Critical Reflection Evidence
Critical Analysis
in Writing
(Academic Skills)
Workshop
C1.03a
Chesham
17-Mar-2015
The aim of this workshop was to provide a basic definition of critical analysis as well as examine the writing process and ways to construct critical analytical text. Then a checklist of actions when writing critically analytic test was provided.
Appendix 1
Writing Up Your Dissertation (Academic Skills)
Workshop C1.03a
Chesham
04-Mar-2015
In this workshop, strategies for tackling the writing up phrase for a dissertation were learned and tips and advice were provided in terms on structuring the whole dissertation, including how to manage appendices. Also, ideas were offered on how to organise chapters and chapter sections, as part of good structuring.
Appendix 9
Writing
Reflective
Assignments
(Academic Skills)
Workshop C1.03a
Chesham
03-Mar-2015
Within this workshop, I learned about what theory and evidence from sources are as well as I understand how they can be used in reflective writing. Also, an approach was offered about writing to help me achieve the integration of theory and evidence.
Appendix 2
Planning for your
Assignment
(Academic Skills)
Workshop B0.26a
Chesham
14-Feb-2015
This workshop helped me to identify what ‘planning’ means when tackling an assignment and its impact on marks. Moreover, the planning process was examined, in terms of where the plan fits and when to do it. Finally, some practical strategies and examples for the planning
Appendix 3
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stage of writing were delivered.
Academic
Reading
Workshop E92
Richmond
16-Feb-2015
The aim of this workshop was to help us improve our reading skills and to familiarise ourselves with digital tools such as PDG reader and Foxit Reader. Useful features for annotating and keeping notes digitally were delivered.
No evidence provided as booking wasn’t required to attend the workshop.
Although, the documentation provided in the workshop is used as an evidence.
Appendix 17
9.2 Individual Skills and Learning Strategies
Nature of Skill Developed
Type of Development
Location and date(s)
Critical Reflection Evidence
Technical &
Islamic Heritage
Seminar
Seminar University of
Bradford
29-Oct-2014
The aim of the seminar was to inspire to
become a top engineer by learning about the
rich history of Islamic influence on modern day
engineering. The seminar also included a Skills
Talk about the key skills required to have a
successful career as an engineer. A technical
talk by Professor Iqbal Mujtaba, Professor at
the University of Bradford, about the
‘Desalination Technology to Meet World’s
Freshwater Demand’ was delivered.
Employer
presentation -
Graham
Construction
(civil &
structural)
Presentation B0.26a,
Chesham
Building
21-Jan-15
This presentation was delivered by a Senior
Engineer and a Civil & Structural Engineering
graduate. The purpose was to inform us about
the vacancies of their company and recruitment
process as well as outlining the major projects
that Graham has undertaken by giving us an
Appendix 12
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(Careers) insight about how things are running in a
construction company.
Psychometric
Tests (Careers)
Workshop B0.33,
Chesham
Building
06-Feb-15
This workshop had some useful information
with regard to understanding and how to
approach psychometric tests (Aptitude,
Personality and Situational Judgement Tests) in
general. We also had the chance to find out and
try some simple practice tests.
Appendix 11
Effective
Interviews
(Careers)
Workshop B0.33
Chesham
Building
13-Feb-15
This workshop was about delivering effective
interviews. The session included information
about why are interviews are used, types of
interviews, understanding the process, true job
questions, how to answer competency based
questions, how to prepare for an interview and
how to stand in an interview.
Appendix 13
Employer
Presentation and
Recruitment -
Hilti Group
(Careers)
Presentation Room B0.26b
Chesham
Building
25-Feb-15
This presentation was delivered by a University
Liaison Coordinator and recent graduates
employed by Hilti Group. We had the
opportunity to find out more about the company
and to meet the graduate employees to share a
testimony of their career journey so far and
what they thought of their time with the
company.
Appendix 10
A talk by
IStructE
President Tim
Ibell
Seminar JSB Theatre
Richmond
Building
18-Mar-15
President Tim Ibell presented the highlights of
his inaugural Presidential address. The main
subject of his talk was about placing creativity
and fun at the heart of our educational activities
and public engagement. These two factors are
imperative in the profession to drive the
attraction and education of future structural
No evidence provided, as seminar didn’t
need booking to attend.
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engineers.
9.3 Communication and Presentation Skills
Nature of Skill Developed
Type of Development
Location and date(s)
Critical Reflection Evidence
Presentation
Skills (English)
Workshop Room E59
Richmond
Building
11-Mar-2015
This two hours workshop covered all the top tips for
a good oral presentation in terms of how to
prepare, how to stand on the presentation and how
to handle stress and nerves. We went through
several valuable tasks, for example, we wrote
about what make a good presentation and we were
asked to organise the structure of a presentation.
Finally, we had the chance to deliver a small
presentation in front of the class in order to gain
confidence and familiarity with oral presentations.
Appendix 7
Effective
Presentation
Design
(Academic Skills)
Workshop C1.03a
Chesham
Building
24-Mar-2015
In this workshop, the basic best-practice when
planning and preparing presentations was covered
and we explored how to use visual aid resources
effectively. Specific tips were also given on using
MS PowerPoint for presenting.
Appendix 6
Delivering
Effective
Presentations
(Academic Skills)
Workshop C1.03a
Chesham
Building
25-Mar-2015
A one hour workshop that covered tips and hints for
delivering an effective presentation. The tasks of
the workshop included the writing of what skills we
think are necessary to be developed for a good
presentation and how we can handle stress to
show these skills. Valuable advices were taught in
this workshop.
Appendix 8
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9.4 Research Skills
Nature of Skill Developed
Type of Development
Location and date(s)
Critical Reflection Evidence
Choosing
Journal Articles
(Academic Skills)
Workshop C1.03a
Chesham
Building
17-Feb-2015
This workshop was very helpful, in terms of
deciding which articles to use in my research
project. Also, we went through reading some
abstracts from journals in order to make the right
choice. Lastly, two types of journal articles were
introduced and analysed.
Appendix 5
Research Design
(MA and MSc
students,
Academic Skills)
Workshop Room G21
Richmond
Building
13-Mar-2015
This workshop helped me to understand the
basics of research approaches due to the hints
and tips that were offered in getting to grips with
quantitative and qualitative methods. Also, the
ethical considerations that may be needed for my
research were discussed.
Appendix 4
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9.5 Library and Referencing Skills
Nature of Skill Developed
Type of Development
Location and date(s)
Critical Reflection
(Reflect on the value of the training) (a sentence per entry)
Evidence
(Identify where the reader can verify that the development had taken place)
Library and
Referencing –
Advanced
Project Skills
Course 01.53
JBP Library
Week 1 (26-
Jan-2015) to
Week 10 (23-
Mar-2015)
These sessions were part of my
course and helped me explore a range
of digital research tools in order to
improve search results. Also, an
information sources guide for Civil
Engineers was provided to familiarise
ourselves with the search methods
depending on the type of information
we need to attain. Furthermore, a
Harvard referencing guide for
engineers was provided together with
useful tips and hints in terms of
referencing at Harvard style in order to
improve our marks.
I used as evidence the documentation we were
using in the classes together with some notes I
kept during library sessions.
Appendix 14, 15 and 16
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10 Appendices
Appendix 1
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Appendix 2
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Appendix 3
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Appendix 4
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Appendix 5
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Appendix 6
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Appendix 7
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Appendix 8
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Appendix 9
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Appendix 10
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Appendix 11
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Appendix 12
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Appendix 13
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Appendix 14
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Appendix 15
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Appendix 16
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Appendix 17