M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS W.E.F. JULY 2014 · 2016-03-03 · Chromatography, Gel filtration,...

KADI SARVA VISHWAVIDYALAYA,

GANDHINAGAR

M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY

SYLLABUS

W.E.F. JULY 2014

MICROBIOLOGY

Course Description: This course is designed to enable students to acquire understanding of fundamentals of Microbiology and applications of various Microbiological resources and techniques. It also provides opportunities for utilizing Microbial products for the benefit of mankind. The course also provides practical training on Microbiological resources, techniques and processes for creation of trained manpower for adsorption in upcoming Microbiology based Industries.

I SEMESTER

MB – 101 MICROBIAL GENETICS MB – 102 ANALYTICAL MICROBIOLOGY MB – 103 CELL BIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY MB – 104 BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGYMB – 105 COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGYMB – 106 LABORATORY

II SEMESTER

MB – 201 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGYMB – 202 IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGYMB – 203 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGYMB – 204 BIOSTATISTICS, BIOCOMPUTING AND BIOINFORMATICSMB – 205 MICROBIAL DIVERSITYMB – 206 LABORATORY

III SEMESTER

MB – 301 FOOD & DAIRY MICROBIOLOGYMB – 302 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGYMB – 303 INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGYMB – 304 ENVIRONMENTAL AND AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGYMB – 305 PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGYMB – 306 LABORATORY

IV SEMESTER

MB – 401 DISSERTATION WORK

Department of BiotechnologyKADI SARVA VISHWAVIDYALAYA

MB: 101- MICROBIAL GENETICS

RATIONALE: This course is designed to acquire basic knowledge of Molecular Biology of prokaryotes and eukaryotes and to enable students to brush up the concepts of classical genetics.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Enabling the students to know and understand the basics of replication, transcription, translation and regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Refurbishing knowledge on classical genetics and genetic disorders. Acquiring knowledge on types of DNA damage and existing DNA repair mechanisms present

in the cells to counter them. Understanding the concepts of recombination and transposons.

TEACHING AND EVALUATION SCHEME: The objective of evaluation is not only to measure the performance of students, but also to motivate them for better performance. Students are evaluated on the basis of Mid Term examinations for 30 marks and End Term Examination conducted by University examination for 70 marks.

Subject Code

Subject Title Credits Theory TotalMarksHrs. Max Marks

Mid Term End TermMB 101 Microbial Genetics 4 48 30 70 100

COURSE CONTENTSection A

Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 2 Weightage: 4%Chromatin structure and types, Histone proteins, Organization of nucleosome and chromosomes.

Unit 2 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 10%Experiments which prove that DNA is the genetic material. Experiments which prove that RNA is the genetic material in virus.

Unit 3 No. of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 12%DNA Polymerases, Prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication.

Unit 4 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 12%Bacterial transformation; Bacterial conjugation. Transduction.

Unit 5 No. of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 12%Promoters, enhancers, transcription factors, RNA Polymerases. Transcription in Prokaryotes& eukaryotes. Post transcriptional Modifications in eukaryotes – Capping, Splicing & Addition

of poly A tail.Section B

Unit 6 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 6%Genetic code - Properties, Wobbles Hypothesis, Ribosomes, Polysomes, t RNA

A

Unit 7 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 12% Translation: Protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Post translational modifications. Inhibitors of protein synthesis

Unit 8 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 8%Plasmids: Types, Detection, Purification and Transfer. Transposable genetic elements: Detection, Types, Transposition and their evolutionary significance. Overview of genetic recombination.

Unit 9 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 12%Regulation of gene expression in Prokaryotes – lac operon, trp operon.

Unit 10 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 12%Genetics of ƛ phage, phage life cycles – lytic and lysogenic life cycle, Techniques for studying Bacteriophages.

REFERENCES:

1. General Microbiology R.Y. Stanier, John L. Ingraham and Mark L.Wheelis pagex, Mc Millian Press

2. Principles of Microbiology Ronald M. Atlas3. Microbiology Michael J. Pcleczar, Chan and Krieg, Mac Graw Hill.4. Brocks Biology of Microorganisms. 8th

Edition. (International Edition - 1997) Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko. Jack Parker. Prentice Hall Internation Inc.

6. Microbiology Principles & Applications J.J. Black, John Wiley, Prentice Hall7. An introduction to Fungi H.C. Dube : Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.8. Introductory Mycology C.J. Alexopoules9. Structure & reproduction of the Algae F.E.Fristsch10. Plant Virology K.M.Smith11. Microbiology Tortora Funke Case, Addison Wesley LongmanINSTRUCTION STRATAGIES

1. Interactions with the students to understand the level of students2. Explaining & Discussing the major terminologies related to environment3. Teaching the topics included in the syllabus with the help of teaching aids like OHP, LCD (Power

point presentation), Notes, Question Banks, References and Reprints / Copy of Articles, Models, Diagrams

4. Assistance in solving of questions from our question bank.5. Assistance in solving of questions asked in national entrance exams like CSIR –NET / other

Universities.6. Updating the recent developments in the field of Molecular Biology

TEACHING AND EXAMINATION

UNIT Examination Scheme % Weightage Teaching Scheme No. of LecturesUnit 1 5 3Unit 2 12 8Unit 3 12 8Unit 4 12 8Unit 5 9 3Unit 6 10 3Unit 7 8 4Unit 8 12 3Unit 9 8 3

Unit 10 12 5Total 100 48


MB: 102 – ANALYTICAL MICROBIOLOGY

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire basic knowledge of instruments and techniques related to analysis of processes & products and the separation procedures routinely used in biotechnology laboratories and industries.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Development of skills related to handling of instruments. Enabling the students to design various analyses, processes and separation techniques used for

research purposes and industrial use.

TEACHING AND EVALUATION SCHEME: The objective of evaluation is not only to measure the performance of students, but also to motivate them for better performance. Students are evaluated on the basis of Mid Term examinations for 30 marks and End Term Examination conducted byUniversity examination for 70 marks.

Subject Code

Subject Title Credits Theory Total MarksHrs. Max Marks

Mid Term End TermMB 102 Analytical

Microbiology4 48 30 70 100


Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 2 Weightage: 5%Fundamentals of technology: General scheme for purification of bio-components. Methods for studying cells and organelles. Sub cellular fractionation and marker enzymes. Methods for lysis of plant, animal and microbial cell. Ultra filtration, freeze drying and fractional precipitation. Use of detergents in isolation of membrane proteins.

Unit 2: No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 10%Use of analytical microscopy in elucidating the structure-function relationship in microbes:Electron microscopy, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy and scanning tunnelingmicroscopy. Preparation of microbial, animal and plant samples for microscopy.

Unit 3: No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 15%Chromatography: Basic principles and applications of Paper Chromatography, TLC, Ion exchangeChromatography, Gel filtration, Affinity chromatography, Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC),High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

Unit 4: No. of Lectures: 7 Weightage: 10%Electrophoresis: Basic principles and applications of – paper electrophoresis, Gel Electrophoresis– agarose and PAGE (native, denaturing and gradient), pulse field electrophoresis Isoelectricfocusing, immuno electrophoresis

Unit 5: No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Centrifugation: Principles, types and applications of centrifuges and centrifugation techniques (Ultra centrifugation, Density gradient Centrifugation, Differential centrifugation, Isopycnic centrifugation).

Section BUnit 6: No. of Lectures:- 2 Weightage: 5%Basic concepts of Electromagnetic radiation – wave length, frequency, wave number, velocity.Properties of U.V and IR rays, fluorescence, Phosphorescence.

Unit 7 No. of Lectures:- 7 Weightage: 15%Principles and applications of Visible, UV, IR, AAS.

Unit 8 No. of Lectures:- 6 Weightage: 10%Principles and applications of NMR, ESR, and Mass spectroscopy.

Unit 9 No. of Lectures:- 4 Weightage: 10%Fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, CD, ORD, Characterization of macromolecules using X-ray diffraction analysis

Unit 10 No. of Lectures:- 5 Weightage: 10%Principles and applications of Radio isotope techniques: Detection and measurement of Radioactivity Geiger Muller counters, Scintillation counting, Autoradiography and RIA; Applications of isotopes in biological studies.

REFERENCES:

Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Keith Wilson & John WalkerInstrumental methods of analysis B. SivasankarBiophysical chemistry: Principle and techniques Upadhyay & NathInstrumental methods of analysis Willard, Merritt, Dean & SettleInstrumental analysis D.A. Skoog, Holler & CrouchPhysical Biochemistry: David FreifelderPrinciple & Technique – Practical Biochemistry Walker J. & Wilson KInstrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis Chatwal G and Anand, S.

INSTRUCTION STRATEGIES

1. Interactions with the students to understand the level of students2. Explaining & discussing the major techniques related to separation, purification and analysis of

macromolecules by using different analytical techniques.3. Teaching the topics included in the syllabus with the help of teaching aids like OHP, LCD (Power



Universities.


UNIT Examination Scheme % Weightage Teaching Scheme No. of LecturesUnit 1 5 2Unit 2 10 3Unit 3 15 7Unit 4 10 7Unit 5 10 5Unit 6 5 2Unit 7 15 7Unit 8 10 6Unit 9 10 4Unit 10 10 5Total 100 48


MB: 103 – CELL BIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire knowledge on the structure, behaviour and functioning of cell constituents of Microbes and other living organisms.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Development of knowledge of the morphology and structure of organisms, their nutrition, culturing and growth.

Understanding of the functions of various organelles to support the viability, growth and metabolism

Understanding of the interactions of environmental conditions and nutrition with growth and metabolic pathways.

Enabling the students to design various techniques used for growth of organisms, particularly of microbes, for large scale cultivation for research and industrial purpose.


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 103 Cell Biology &

Microbial physiology4 48 30 70 100


Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 7 Weightage: 12%Cell origin and evolution, Nucleus – Structure and function of nuclear envelope, lamina and nucleolus, macromolecular trafficking, chromatin organization and packing. Mitochondria –Structure and organization of respiratory chain, ATP synthase, structural and functionalrelationship, mitochondrial DNA and sterility. Chloroplast–Structural and functional relationship, chloroplastDNA and its significance, chloroplast biogenesis, origin and evolution. Structure and functionof microbodies, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum

Unit 2 No of Lectures:- 4 Weightage: 8%Cytoskeleton: Organization and role of microtubules & microfilaments, actin binding proteinsand their significance. Cell division and overview of cell cycle & its regulation.

Unit 3 No .of Lectures: 2 Weightage: 5% Bio-membranes: Structures and Transport process

Unit 4 No .of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 15%Microbial growth: Definition, mathematical expression of growth, growth curve, Growth as affectedby environmental factors like temperature, acidity, alkalinity, water availability and oxygen

Unit 5 No .of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 10%Sterilization: Applications in biotechnology, various sterilization methods, Microbial contaminationcontrol and sterility testing.

Section BUnit 6 No. of Lectures:- 8 Weightage: 16%Microbial metabolic diversity: Photosynthesis, Methanogenisis, Acetogenisis, Nitrogen fixation and Hydrocarbon transformations in microorganisms.

Unit 7 No. of Lectures:- 6 Weightage: 8%Mitochondrial respiratory chain, order and organization of carrier’s proton gradient, ironsulphur proteins, cytochromes and characterization. Regulation of respiration.

Unit 8 No. of Lectures:- 4 Weightage: 10%Microbial diversity : Nutritional & environmental types: Extremophiles.

Unit 9 No. of Lectures:- 3 Weightage: 8%Culture collection: Maintenance of cultures, Biochemical characterization

Unit 10 No. of Lectures:- 3 Weightage: 8%Antimicrobial agents: Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal agents, Mode of action and resistanceto antibiotics.

REFERENCES:

Cell & Molecular Biology E.D.P. De Roberties and E.M.F. De RobertiesMicrobial Physiology A.G.Moat and J.W.FosterGeneral Microbiology Roger Stanier et al Microbiology Pelczar Michael J et alMicrobiology and Immunology Johnson Arthur GThe Cell: A Molecular Approach G.M.Cooper & R.E.Hausman Microbiology L.M.Prescott Cell Biology & Molecular Biology Verma & AgarwalCell Biology T. DevasenaBrock’s Biology of Microorganisms Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, David Stahl,

David P. Clark

INSTRUCTION STRATEGIES:1. Interactions with the students to understand the level of students2. Explaining & Discussing the major terminologies related to identifying the cell structure and

functions.3. Teaching the topics included in the syllabus with the help of teaching aids like OHP, LCD (Power



Universities.

TEACHING AND EXAMINATION: UNIT Examination Scheme % Weightage Teaching Scheme No. of LecturesUnit 1 12 7Unit 2 08 4Unit 3 05 2Unit 4 15 8Unit 5 10 3Unit 6 16 8Unit 7 08 6Unit 8 10 4Unit 9 08 3Unit 10 08 3Total 100 48


MB: 104 - BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGYRATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire knowledge on the behaviour and functioning of cell constituents of Microbes and other living organisms. It provides the information on the characteristics of various enzymes and their application in various industries

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Gain the knowledge regarding the biosynthesis and degradation of Biomolecules in different organisms.

Understanding of structure, function, regulation, kinetics and inhibitors of various enzymes. Application of the knowledge of various enzymes in everyday life and in different industries.


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 104 BIOCHEMISTRY &

ENZYMOLOGY4 48 30 70 100


Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 8%Carbohydrates: Occurrence, classification, biological importance of Sugar. Glycolysis, citric acidcycles its function in energy generation and biosynthesis of energy rich bonds.

Unit 2 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 8%Oxidative phosphorylation. Alternate pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. Gluconeogenesis, inter conversion of sugars, Biosynthesis of Oligosaccharides.

Unit 3 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 12%Amino acids: Structural and functional properties, properties of amino acids, Biosynthesis anddegradation of amino acid. Regulation of amino acid metabolism in microbial system. Structure function relationships in model proteins like Ribonuclease A, chymotrypsin.

Unit 4 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 12%Lipids: Structure, distribution and biological importance of fats and fatty acids. Fatty acid biosynthesis, Acetyl Co A Carboxylase, Fatty acid synthase, desaturase and elongase. Fatty acid oxidation.

Unit 5 No of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10%Nucleic acid: Structure of purines, pyrimidines, nucleoside, nucleotide. Brief overview ofcentral dogma. Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines. Regulation of purines and pyrimidinesbiosynthesis. Structure and regulation of ribonucleotide reductase.

Section BUnit 6 No of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 20%Classification & nomenclature of Enzymes, Units of activity, Specific activity of enzyme and Methods of enzyme assay, isolation & purification. Enzyme specificity, Factors affecting the rate & efficiency of enzyme catalyzed reactions forms and derivation of M M equation; Significance ofVmax and Km

Unit 7 No of Lectures:- 4 Weightage: 6%Enzyme inhibition – type of inhibitions, Protein ligand binding; Protein sequencing.

Unit 8 No of Lectures:- 4 Weightage: 6%

Allosteric enzymes; Multi-enzyme system: Occurrence, isolation and their properties; Polygenic nature of multi-enzyme systems, Coenzymes and co-factors.

Unit 9 No of Lectures:-4 Weightage: 8%Immobilized enzymes and their utility. Enzyme engineering and its applications. Manufacturing & applications of enzymes.

Unit 10 No of Lectures:- 4 Weightage: 10 Mechanism of regulation of enzymes: Enzyme induction, inhibition, repression, stimulation and degradation; Feedback Inhibition. REFERENCES:

Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry D.L.Nelson and M.M.CoxBiochemistry L. StryerBiochemistry D.Voet and J.G.Voet.Biochemistry: Chemical Reactions of the Living Cells (Vol. I & II): D.Metzerler Fundamentals of Enzymology: N.C. Price and L.StevensEnzyme Structure and Mechanism: A. FershtUnderstanding Enzymes: T. PalmerBiochemistry Jain & JainEnzymology T. Devsena

INSTRUCTION STRATEGIES:

1. Interactions with the students to understand the level of students2. Explaining & Discussing the major terminologies and applications related to biochemistry and

enzymology.3. Teaching the topics included in the syllabus with the help of teaching aids like OHP, LCD (Power



Universities.6. Updation on recent developments in the field of biochemistry and enzymology.

TEACHING AND EXAMINATION:


Unit 10 10 4Total 100 48


MB: 105- COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire the knowledge and competence in communication skills and research methodology that will ensure better presentation and writing skills

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Enabling the students to understand the lectures, presentation, articles and Text books in English better

Learn better ways of writing, presenting and communicate in internationally acceptable language.

Acquiring knowledge on the recent trends of Research Methodology to be successful in Research / Professional career in Biotechnology Industry.

Development of capabilities to plan and execute new experiments, develop improved methodologies and to present their ideas and work better in the present competitive environment


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 105 Communication Skills and

Research Methodology4 48 30 70 100


Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 12%Process of communication: Concept of effective communication- Setting clear goals forcommunication; Determining outcomes and results; Initiating communication; Avoidingbreakdowns while communicating; Creating value in conversation; Barriers to effectivecommunication; Nonverbal communication- Interpreting nonverbal cues; Importance of body language, Power of effective listening; recognizing cultural differences.

Unit 2 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 10%Presentation skills: Formal presentation skills; Preparing and presenting using Over Head Projector,Power Point; Defending Interrogation; Scientific poster preparation & presentation; Participating in group discussions

Unit 3 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 15%Technical Writing Skills: Types of reports; Layout of a formal report; Scientific writing skills:Scientific Publication Writing: Elements of a Scientific paper including Abstract, Introduction,Materials & Methods, Results, Discussion, References; Drafting titles and framing abstracts.Importance of communicating Science; Problems while writing a scientific document; Plagiarism.

Unit 4 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 10%Computing Skills for Scientific Research: Web browsing for information search; search engines and their mechanism of searching; Hidden Web and its importance in Scientific research; Internet as a medium of interaction between scientists; Effective email strategy using the right tone and conciseness.

Section BUnit 5 No. of Lectures: 2 Weightage: 5%Research methodology: Introduction-Basic research, applied research, need based research.

Unit 6 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%

Identification of the problem, Defining the problem, Research project planning.

Unit 7 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Literature search–Information sources, library resources-books, journals, abstracts hand books,procedure manuals, encyclopedias, annual reports, data banks, CDROMS, online literature search internet access, websites, directories of information resources.

Unit 8 No. of Lectures: 7 Weightage: 15%Design of the experimental programme – Variables in the experiments, materials and methods,evolution of methods, application of methods.

Unit 9 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Progress of research – Evaluation of results, statistical approach, comparison with existing methodologies, validation of findings, research communications, impact factor of journals.

REFERENCES:Research Methodology CR Kothari

Study and Communication Skills for the Biosciences Stuart Johnson & Jon ScottINSTRUCTION STRATAGIES




Universities.6. Updating the recent developments in the field of Research Methodologies and CommunicationsTEACHING AND EXAMINATION

UNIT Examination Scheme % Weightage Teaching Scheme No. of LecturesUnit 1 15 6Unit 2 10 6Unit 3 15 6Unit 4 10 6Unit 5 5 2Unit 6 10 5Unit 7 10 5Unit 8 15 7Unit 9 10 5Total 100 48


MB: 106 Practical

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire on hand practical knowledge of Good laboratory practices. Isolation, separation, purification and analysis of macromolecules by using different analytical techniques,. Organisms utilized for biotechnology products, particularly microbial fermentation processes.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Handling of Automated and latest versions of instruments and equipments used in Biotechnology laboratories and industries for upstream and downstream processing including Centrifugation, Electrophoresis & Chromatography

Gain practical knowledge of techniques for isolation and purification of macromolecules Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of macromolecules by using spectroscopy and

chromatography Students gain the knowledge of various techniques for isolation and identification of

microorganisms.

Students will be able to identify the cell organelles using various staining techniques. Awareness of various methodologies to determine the enzymes and biochemical molecules.

Ability to estimate the enzyme activity and to characterize the enzymes applicable in variousindustries.

Qualitative and Quantitative estimation of cell constituents.

TEACHING AND EVALUATION SCHEME: Each practical’s listed in the syllabus will be explained and demonstrated in the laboratory. Students are evaluated based on the marks obtained in writing part as well as performance in the laboratory. General viva voce and subject viva voce will be conducted to analyze the knowledge of the student.

Subject Code

Subject Title

Credits Practical Total Marks Hrs Max Marks

Experiments & writing

Spots Viva Journal

MB 106 Practical 12 12 120 40 20 20 200

COURSE CONTENT List of the Experiments

1. Good laboratory practices and management.2. Introduction to Instruments that are routine used in the laboratory.3. Basics of weights, measurements and preparation of standard solutions.4. To isolate DNA from human blood.5. To isolate the DNA from leaves.6. To isolate the DNA from a Bacteria.7. Estimation of DNA by Diphenyl amine method.8. To visualize the DNA samples by Agarose gel electrophoresis.9. Estimation of proteins using FC reagent.

List of the Experiments (contd.)10. Induction of gene expression in E.coli11. Thin layer chromatography of fatty acids/lipids12. Paper chromatography of carbohydrates by ascending technique.13. Paper chromatography of carbohydrates by radial or circular paper chromatography.

14. Paper electrophoresis of amino acids.15. To observe the effect of hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic environment of human RBC.16. SDS Page17. Microscopic examination of bacteria and yeast by different staining methods.

Monochrome stainingNegative stainingGram’s stainingAcid fast stainingSpore stainingCapsule staining

18. Preparation of sterile liquid and solid media for growth of microorganisms.19. Isolation and maintenance of organisms from soil by plating, streaking and serial dilution

methods, slant and stab culture.20. Purification of cultures, maintenance and preservation of pure cultures. 21. Bacterial identification22. To study bacterial growth curve & factors affecting it.23. Isolation, cultivation & identification of molds24. Isolation and detection of Mitochondria from leaves.25. Isolation and detection of Chloroplast from leaves.26. To study different stages of Mitosis and Meiosis.27. To determine the isoelectric point of amino acid – Glycine.28. To estimate proteins in the given sample by Folin- Lowry’s method.29. To estimate proteins in the given sample by Biuret method.30. To estimate the carbohydrate in the given sample by Anthrone method31. Estimation of reducing sugar by DNSA method. 32. Isolation of casein from milk.33. Isolation of lactose from milk.34. Isolation of Urease enzyme from plant source.35. Assay of Urease activity.36. To study the enzyme kinetics (Amylase).37. To perform standard substrate curve.38. To study effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity.39. To study effect of pH on enzyme activity.40. To study effect of Temperature on enzyme activity.41. To study effect of Incubation time on enzyme activity.42. To write a review article43. How to include the references in a paper44. How to write a Title and to find out keywords in a scientific communication45. How to write an abstract46. How to write a thesis47. How to write an Introduction for an article48. How to write a short note on any Topic49. How to describe a Diagram on any Topic50. How to point out the mistakes in the scientific communication

REFERENCES:

An introduction to Practical Biochemistry David T.PlummerBiochemical Methods S. Sadasivan & A. ManickamPractical Biotechnology R. S. Guad, G. D. Gupta, S.B.GokhaleMethods In Enzymology Shelby L Berger & Alan R. KimmelMolecular cloning :A Lab Manual SambrooksLab manual in analytical Biochemistry and separation techniques

P. Palanivelu

Experiments in Microbiology plant pathology , K.R.Aneja

tissue culture and mushroom cultivation An introduction to Practical Biochemistry David T.PlummerExperimental Microbiology R. J.PatelLaboratory exercises in Microbiology Harley PrescotLaboratory manual in Biochemistry. Jaynarayan Study and Communication Skills for the Biosciences

Stuart Johnson & Jon Scott


1. Explanation of Principles, protocols, expected result trends, handling of instruments and equipments, precautions and safety measures in the class and demonstration of important steps.

2. Monitoring of the students performing the experiments in the practical hall.3. Evaluation of results of each experiment.

II SEMESTER


MB: 201- RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students in understanding the basics and applications of Genetic Engineering.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Enabling the students to know and understand the basics, techniques and the applications of Molecular Cloning.

Acquiring knowledge on PCR, DNA sequencing and Mutations and Mutagenesis. Understanding the Applications and Scope of Genetic Engineering. Understanding the concepts of Regulatory aspects.


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 201 Genetic Engineering 4 48 30 70 100


Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 2 Weightage: 5%Concept and emergence of r-DNA technology, Tools of r-DNA technology.

Unit 2 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 12%.Restrtiction endonucleases, Modification methylases and other enzymes to modify the DNA.

Unit 3 No. of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 12%Vectors – plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids, phagemids, artificial chromosome vectors (YAC, BAC), Animal virus derived vectors - SV40 and retroviral vectors, Vectors in yeast and cloning in eukaryotes.

Unit 4 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 12%Molecular cloning, – isolation of DNA, Genomic DNA libraries, Shot gun gene cloning, cDNA libraries, full length cDNA cloning

Unit 5 No. of Lectures: 2 Weightage: 9%Transformation of recombinant DNA, screening of recombinants, Southern, Northern and Western blotting,

Section BUnit 6 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 15%.Polymerase chain reaction and its applications, Sequencing of DNA – Maxam and Gilberts method, Sanger’s method and other advances in sequencing, overview of chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides;

Unit 7 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 10%.Mutation, Mutagens and Mutagenesis, techniques of in vitro mutagenesis, Site-directed mutagenesis.

Unit 8 No. of Lectures: 12 Weightage: 15%.Applications of genetic engineering: Transgenic microbes; Strain construction, production of recombinant pharmaceuticals; diagnosis of diseases, Chromosome walking, DNA finger printing,DNA foot printing, DNA microarrays.

Unit 9 No. of Lectures: 2 Weightage: 5%.

Genetic engineering and Society–Social, ethical and legal aspects of genetic engineering; Regulatory mechanisms in releasing GMOs; Biosafety regulations.

Unit 10 No. of Lectures: 2 Weightage: 5%.IPR; WTO; GATT & TRIPS ; Genetic engineering in industries – international collaboration, national level policies on genetic engineering.

REFERENCES:Recombinant DNA: J.D.Watson et. al.Genetic Engineering: Sandya MitraPrinciples of Gene Manipulation R. W. Old , Twyman & S.B. PrimroseGene Cloning: T. A. BrownMolecular Biology Lab fax I & II: T. A. BrownBiotechnology an Introduction: Barnum Susan RConcepts In Biotechnology Balasubramanian D et al

Genetic Engineering Smita Rastogi

Gene Biotechnology S.N. Jogdand

INSTRUCTION STRATEGIES:




Universities.6. Updating the recent developments in the field of Molecular Biology



Unit 10 5 2Total 100 48

Department of Biotechnology,KADI SARVA VISHWAVIDYALAYA

MB: 202 - IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire understanding of the structure of immune system, its functions and also gives awareness of various immunodeficiency diseases. The awareness of the immune system will help them for further work in the field of vaccine production and also drug designing especially against immunodeficiency diseases like AIDs

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Development of awareness of structure and function of immune system Steps involved in monoclonal production and its use in vaccine production Gain knowledge on the immune system during healthy and diseased status, malfunctioning of

the immune system in immunological disorders (auto immune diseases, Hypersensitivities, immune deficiencies and also about transplant rejections)

Enables the student to pursue further studies on immunotherapy and drugs / vaccine production for dreaded diseases


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 202 Immunology and Immunotechnology 4 48 30 70 100


Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10% Basic concepts of the immune system: Cells of immune system, Hematopeoisis, Primary lymphoid

and secondary lymphoid organ and tertiary lymphoid organs of immune system. Types of immunity:Innate and Acquired immunity

Unit 2 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10% Immune system activating agents: Antigens, B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes and super antigens.

Unit 3 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10% Antibody: Structure and functions, Complement system. Monoclonal antibody its structure and function. Production of monoclonal antibodies in large amount.

Unit 4 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10% Antibody affinity and antibody avidity: Cross reactivity ,precipitation reactions, Hemagglutination reaction, Bacterial agglutination reaction ,passive agglutination with soluble antigens, Diagnosis of antigen. Immunizations: Active and passive immunization, Designing vaccines for activeimmunization, Whole organism vaccines, Purified macromolecules as vaccines, Recombinant vectorvaccines , DNA vaccines, Multivalent Subunit vaccines

Unit 5 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Cell mediated responses: Activation of T and B lymphocytes, Cytokines and their role, Over response of immune system to antigen: Gell and Coombs classification.

Section BUnit 6 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 10% Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes

Unit 7 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10% Types of immune cell receptors: B cell receptor and T cell receptorAcquired immunodeficiency disease and other types of immunodeficiency diseasea. SCID, b. WAS c. Di George Syndrome, d. Ataxia telengiectasia, e. Chediak Higashi Syndrome, f. Chronic granulamatous diseases.

Unit 8 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10% Major Histocompatiblity: Types of MHC, antigen processing and presentation, TransplantationImmunology.

Unit 9 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10% Immunity against self system: Immunity against organ and systemic system.

Unit 10 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10% Immunity against virus, bacteria, influenza and protozoans.

REFERENCES:

Essential Immunology: Ivan RoittKuby’s Immunology: R.A.Goldsby, T.J.Kindt and B.A.OsborneImmunology: I.Roitt, Brostoff, MoleIntroductory Immunology: How DaviesImmunology Introductory Text Book Shetty Nandini

INSTRUCTION STRATEGIES.

1. Interactions with the students to understand the level of students2. Explaining & Discussing the major terminologies related to Immunology3. Teaching the topics included in the syllabus with the help of teaching aids like OHP, LCD (Power



Universities.6. Up gradation on recent developments in the field of Immunology.


UNIT Examination Scheme % Weightage Teaching Scheme No. of LectureUnit 1 10 5Unit 2 10 4Unit 3 10 5Unit 4 10 5Unit 5 10 5Unit 6 10 6Unit 7 10 4Unit 8 10 5Unit 9 10 5

Unit 10 10 4Total 100 48


MB: 203 - BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY

RATIONALE: The course imparts knowledge of production processes, infrastructure & techniques for manufacture of Biotechnology products from microorganisms, plants and animals and waste management from the manufacturing plants.

LEARNING OUTCOMES: Development of awareness of various processing operational systems of Biotechnological

Industries Enabling the students to monitor the various physical and chemical parameters during

Fermentation processes. Generation of knowledge of Industrial products related to production aspects.


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 203 Bioprocess Technology 4 48 30 70 100


Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10% Introduction to Fermentation & Bioprocess Technology:Growth phases, secondary metabolite pathways. Influence of environmental factors on growth andproduct formation. Growth kinetics: Microbial growth cycle, measurement of growth.

Unit 2: No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 10%Upstream processing: Screening, preservation and improvement of industrially important microorganisms.

Unit 3: No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10% Upstream processing: Fermentation substrates and media formulation for inoculum development and for fermentation processes.

Unit 4: No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10% Fermentor design and mass transfer : Fermentor design- batch and continuous, Mass transfer: oxygen transfer, determination of KLa and factors affecting Ka, Heat transfer Solid state / Submerged cultivation; Batch, fed batch and continuous cultivation.

Unit 5: No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10% Upstream processing: Sterilization of media reactor and air; Agitation and aeration and mass transfer of oxygen in different types of Bioreactors; additions and sampling.

Section BUnit 6 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Measurements: measurement of process parameters like pH, temperature, DO, foam etc.

Unit 8 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 10%Downstream processing: Cell separation by flocculation, filtration and centrifugation, Celldisintegration methods, various method of extracting intracellular products – chromatographictechniques – solvent extract drying. Product Enrichment and product purification. – importance of microbial source and disadvantage of chemical sources

Unit 7 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10%Automation and Control systems: Instruments in process control, two position and proportionatecontrol, Biosensors for monitoring and control and Micro process based control systems and dataanalysis

Unit 9 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10%Enzyme technology: Immobilization of enzymes, Enzyme reactors & bioconversion. Application of immobilized enzyme in bioreactors.

Unit 10 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Effluents and Waste treatment, Scale up of bioprocesses, Bioprocess economics, Investmentdecision and Entrepreneurship development

REFERENCES:

Principles of Fermentation Technology: A.Whitekar, P.F. Stanbury & S.J.HallComprehensive Biotechnology: M.Moo-Young (Ed)Methods in Industrial Microbiology: G.SikytaIndustrial Microbiology: L.E.CasidaBiochemical Engineering Fundamentals J.E.Bailey & D.F.OllisMicrobial Technology H.J.Peppler & D. Perlman (Ed)Prescott & Dunn’s Industrial Microbiology G. ReedFermentation Technolgoy HA ModiIndustrial Microbiology A.H.PatelTextbook of Biltechnology W. Crueger and A. CruegerIndustrial Microbiology: An Introduction M Waites ,N Morgan , J Rockey and G Higton




4. Assistance in solving of questions from our question bank .5. Assistance in solving of questions asked in national entrance exams like CSIR –NET / other

Universities.6. Updation on recent developments in the field of environment.

TEACHING AND EXAMINATION:UNIT Examination Scheme % Weightage Teaching Scheme No. of Lectures

Unit 1 10 5Unit 2 10 6Unit 3 10 5Unit 4 10 5Unit 5 10 5Unit 6 10 5Unit 7 10 4Unit 8 10 6Unit 9 10 4Unit 10 10 5Total 100 48


MB: 204-BIOSTATISTICS, BIOCOMPUTING AND BIOINFORMATICS

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire the knowledge of Biostatisticsand Computer and their applications in analysis of results of research in Biosciences, and compilation and utilization of Biotechnology data through Bioinformatics.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Development of awareness of use of computers in the field of biology. Enabling the students to use statistical and bioinformatics softwares. Development of knowledge of deriving reproducible and acceptable conclusions of the

research problems with the help of Biostatistics. Development of knowledge of Biological Databases and techniques to develop new

biotechnology products for mankind.


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 204 Biostatistics, Biocomputing

and Bioinformatics4 48 30 70 100


Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 13%Biostatistics: Introduction, Definition and Scope, Variable in biology, Sampling Techniques and collection of data, classification and tabulation of data. Graphical and diagrammatic representation of data.

Unit 2 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 14%Descriptive statistics, Measures of central tendency: Mean (arithmetic, harmonic and geometric), Median and Mode. Measures of dispersion: Range, Mean deviation, Standard deviation, Variance, Quartile deviation and standard error.

Unit 3 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 5%Measures of Asymmetry: Skewness and Kurtosis Elements of probability theoryProbability distributions: Normal, binominal and Poisson distribution

Unit 4 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 5 %Measures of Relationship: Correlation coefficient and Simple linear regression.

Unit 5 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 13%Inferential statistics: Basic idea of significance test, Statistical hypothesis, types of errors, level of significance, Student’s t test, chi-square test, ANOVA test.

Section BUnit 6 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 10%History, development and types of computers: General awareness of computer systems- hardwareand software, CPU and other peripheral devices, computer arithmetic, computer logic,

Unit 7 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 8 %Programming languages – machine language, assembly language, higher level languages. Unit 8 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 7 %General awareness and use of popular software package for word processing, DBMS, spread sheets,graphics, statistical packages – MINITAB, MATLAB etc

Unit 9 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 10 %Bioinformatics: Introduction to bioinformatics. Use of nucleic acid and protein data banks – NCBI,EMBL, DDBJ, SWISSPORT.

Unit 10 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 15%Pairwise and Multiple sequence alignment. Gene prediction. Genome analysis and phylogeneticprediction.

Reference Books: MB 204:

Computers Today: D. H. SandersDeveloping Bioinformatics Computer Skills C. Gibas and P. Jamback.Bioinformatics A machine learning approach P. Baldi & S. BrunakBioinformatics: A Practical guide to the Analysis of lienes and Proteins

A. D. Bzxevanis and B. F. F. Onellette

Bioinformatics Methods and protocols: Methods in molecular biology Vol. 132:

S. Misenes and S. A. Krawetz (Eds)

Fundamentals of Statistics S. C. Gupta. Biostatistics S. Prasad




4. Assistance in solving of questions from our question bank5. Assistance in solving of questions asked in national entrance exams like CSIR –NET / other



UNIT Examination Scheme % Weightage Teaching Scheme No. of LecturesUnit 1 13 6Unit 2 14 6Unit 3 5 3Unit 4 5 3Unit 5 13 6Unit 6 10 3Unit 7 08 5Unit 8 07 4Unit 9 10 6Unit 10 15 6Total 100 48

Department of Biotechnology

KADI SARVA VISHWAVIDYALAYA MB: 205- MICROBIAL DIVERSITY

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire basic knowledge origin and diversity of microbes, characteristics, taxonomy and phylogenetic concepts.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Enabling the students to know and understand the basics of Origin of Life, microbes, organisms over the various era.

Refurbishing knowledge on evolution and Phylogenetic relationships Acquiring knowledge on Survival and inhabiting extreme habitats and developing mechanisms

of growth and metabolic activity in extreme conditions. Understanding the concepts of Classification and Taxonomic characterization.


Subject Code

Subject Title Credits Theory Total Marks Hrs. Max Marks

Mid Term End TermMB 205 MICROBIAL DIVERSITY 4 48 30 70 100


Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 8 %Origin of life: Prebiological chemical evolution, proteinoids and protocells; Species concept, theory.Kingdom to Species, The five Kingdoms, Three domain concept of Carl Woese; EndosymbiontScope, History and development of Microbiology. Contributions of Pioneers. Further developments of Microbiology.

Unit 2 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 6 %Identification, characterization and classification of microorganisms. Distinguishing characteristics between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prions. Extremophiles.

Unit 3 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 6 %Disinfection / Sterilization: Physical and chemical agents, radiation & filtration. Indicator organism'sfor sterilization methods. Cultivation on Microbiological media. Pure culture techniques, preservationand maintenance of cultures.

Unit 4 No. of Lectures: 7 Weightage: 15%Taxonomy and Phylogeny: Basic concepts in Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Concepts in classical taxonomy, Nature of data used in Taxonomy and Phylogeny - Morphological and molecular character data; Application of Phylogenetic Analysis - Comparative methods for detection of species/ organism relationship, Phylogenetic trees.

Unit 5 No. of Lectures: 7 Weightage: 15%Biodiversity : Biological diversity of life, Species diversity, Genetic diversity, Ecosystem diversity,Metabolic diversity among microbes; Importance of Biodiversity and organizing biological speciesinformation; Associations: Lichens, Mycorrhiza.

Section BUnit 6 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 12%Viruses: Distribution, General characters, Structure and replication, nomenclature and classification of Viruses: DNA and RNA viruses. Diagnosis and cultivation. Plant Viruses, Animal Viruses,Bacteriophages. Economic Importance.

Unit 7 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 12%Bacteria: Distribution, General characters, Morphology, Structure, Nutrition and Reproduction ofMycoplasma, Archaebacteria, Actinomycetes, Spirochetes, Rickettsiae, Classification andEconomic Importance.

Unit 8 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10%Fungi: Distribution, General characters, Distribution, Morphology, Structure, nutrition and life cycle,Classification and Economic Importance.

Unit 9 No. of Lectures :4 Weightage: 8%Algae: Distribution, General characters, Distribution, Morphology, Structure, nutrition and life cycle, Classification, Economic Importance.

Unit 10 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 8 %Protozoa: General characters, Morphology, Structure, nutrition and life cycle, Classification, Economic Importance

REFERENCESGeneral Microbiology R.Y. Stanier, John L. Ingraham and Mark L. Wheelis

Mc Millian PressPrinciples of Microbiology Ronald M. Atlas, Me Graw HillMicrobiology Michael J. Pcleczar, Chan and Krieg, Mac Graw Hill.Brocks Biology of Microorganisms8th Edition. (International Edition - 1997)

Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko. Jack Parker. Prentice Hall Internation Inc

Microbiology Principle & Applications J.J. Black, John Wiley, Prentice Hall An Introduction to Fungi H.C. Dube : Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Introductory Mycology C.J. AlexopoulesStructure & reproduction of the Algae F.E.FristschPlant Virology K.M.SmithMicrobiology Tortora Funke Case, Addison Wesley Longman

INSTRUCTION STRATAGIES:1. Interactions with the students to understand the level of students2. Explaining & Discussing the major terminologies related to environment3. Teaching the topics included in the syllabus with the help of teaching aids like OHP, LCD

(Power point presentation), Notes, Question Banks, References and Reprints / Copy of Articles, Models, Diagrams


Universities.6. Updating the recent developments in the field of Molecular Biology7.

TEACHING AND EXAMINATION:


Unit 10 8 4Total 100 48


MB: 206 Practical

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire on hand practical knowledge of production and processing of metabolites, Isolation of microbes useful for industry, mainly those producing enzymes. These practical’s make the students capable and competent to work in the Biotechnology related industries as well as in techniques used in Genetic Engineering, Computer Applications, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Communication Skills and Research Methodology.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Acquire knowledge of microbes useful for various industries like, pharmaceuticals, food, textiles etc.

Practical knowledge on diagnosis of various diseases like AIDS, Syphillis ,typhoid etc Knowledge of Antibiotics and other Pharmaceuticals, their processing and steps to ensure Quality and Good Manufacturing Practices Students will acquire knowledge on various enzymes, immobilization of enzymes and their

utility. Gain knowledge of the use of computer hardwares and softwares, statistics and information

technology in the field of biology. Practical knowledge on the use of excel to solve the statistical problems. Knowledge of Bioinformatics Databases and softwares as well as Biostatistical softwares. Students will acquire knowledge analysis of research problems using Bioinformatical and

Biostatistical tools

TEACHING AND EVALUATION SCHEME: Each practical’s listed in the syllabus will be explained and demonstrated in the laboratory. Students are evaluated based on the marks obtained in writing part as well as performance in the laboratory. General viva voce and subject viva voce will be conducted to analyze the knowledge of the student.

Subject Code

Subject Title Credits Practical Total MarksHrs Max Marks


Spots Viva Journal

MB 206 Practical 12 12 120 40 20 20 200

COURSE CONTENTList of Experiments

1. To determine the blood group of given sample.2. To study Preparation of O antigen and H antigen from Salmonella typhi.3. To detect the presence of antigen using WIDAL agglutination test.4. To Perform Sandwich ELISA test5. To Perform VDRL test for syphilis 6. To study Ag-Ab interaction by Immunoelectrophoresis.

List of Experiments (contd.)7. To study Antigen-antibody interaction by using Oucterlony Double Diffusion (ODD)

technique.8. To Isolate microbes from Mangrove ecosystem9. To Isolate thermophilic microbes from Gujarat sites10. To Isolate halophilic and alkalophlic microbes from Gujarat sites11. To Isolate Amylase producing microorganisms from soil.12. To Isolate Protease producing microorganisms from soil.13. To Isolate Lipase producing microorganisms from soil.14. To perform Screening of antibiotic producing microorganisms from soil.15. To perform screening of organic acid producing microorganisms from soil.16. To perform standard Citric acid estimation by titrometric method.17. To perform estimation of Reducing and Non-reducing sugar by Cole’s method. 18. To perform fermentative production of Citric acid. -19. To perform gel entrapment of yeast cells and determination of invertase activity of

immobilized yeast cells.20. To estimate RNA by orcinol method.21. To isolate DNA from E. coli. 22. To isolate plasmid DNA from E. coli culture. 23. To visualize the DNA samples by Agarose gel electrophoresis.24. To separate proteins using SDS-PAGE25. To perform restriction digestion.26. Ligation of digested DNA.27. Transformation and selection of recombinants.28. Isolation of RNA from biological source.29. To study the Measures of Central Tendency30. To study the Measures of Dispersion31. To study the Measures of Relationship32. To study the Test of Significance33. Probability test34. Creating a spreadsheet using the following information.35. Type in the given spreadsheet, and formats 36. Using Excel’s AND, OR, and NOT Functions37. Using Excel’s IF Function38. To study the Statistical Functions In Excel39. To calculate the averages for the given conditions for the data.40. To perform paired t- test.41. To study the Graphs in excel42. To study operators in c program43. Dot-matrix comparison – understanding sliding window – window size (word size) and

stringency 44. Pairwise alignment 45. Multiple sequence alignment46. Searching DNA databases with FASTA and BLAST47. Searching protein sequence databases with FASTA and BLAST 48. Making Patterns (prosite syntax) and consensus sequence from multiple sequence alignments49. Understanding ORF and gene prediction50. Protein structure visualization51. Secondary structure prediction online

REFERENCES:

Laboratory Manual in Environmental Engineering P. D. KulkarniExperimental Microbiology Rakesh Patel and Kiran PatelLaboratory Manual and workbook on Microbiology J. A. Morello, P .A. Granato, H.E.Mizer

Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology J.P. Harley & L.M. PrescottLaboratory Manual in Industrial Biotechnology P. ChellapandiPractical Biotechnology R. S. Gaud, G. D. Gupta and S. B. GokhaleMedical Microbiology R. Cruickshank, J.P.Duguid, B.P.Marmion

and RHA SwainMicrobiological Applications: A Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology

H.J. Benson

Biostatistics S. PrasadResearch Methodology C. R. KothariMolecular cloning: A laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., Maniatis, T.



2. Monitoring of the students performing the experiments in the practical hall.3. Evaluation of results of each experiment.

III SEMESTER


MB: 301- FOOD & DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY

RATIONALE: The course imparts knowledge of production processes, techniques and utility of Biotechnology based food, Dairy and beverage products from microorganisms

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Development of awareness of commercial exploitation of microorganisms for various food products.

Enabling the students to understand and explore the use of microbes for the benefit of mankind. Generation of knowledge of commercially important microbes and microbial products

including milk, dairy, beverages and fermented foods. Acquiring of knowledge of safety and regulations for food processing technologies


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 301 Food & Dairy



Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Microbiology of Foods - Microbial flora of fresh foods, grains, fruits, vegetables, milk, meat,

eggs and fish and their infestation by bacteria, fungi & viruses.

Unit 2 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 5%Primary sources of microorganisms in foods, Factors influencing microbial growth in foods.

Unit 3 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Microbiological examination of foods - microscopic and cultural techniques. Identification of specific groups - Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and Protozoa.

Unit 4 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 15%Food processing and preservation: Methods of food preservation, Aseptic handling, pasteurization of milk, refrigeration and freezing, dehydration, osmotic pressure, chemicals –organic acids, nitrates, nitrites & cresols; Radiations - UV, Gamma and microwave.

Unit 5 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Applications of microbial enzymes in Food Processing, Immunological methods and Biosensors in food processing. Genetically modified foods.

Section BUnit 6 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Production and application of Fermented Foods: Idli, Soy products, Vegetables, Fruits, Meats, Fishes and PicklesProduction and application of Yeasts - Bakery, Beverages – Beer, Wines; Tea, Coffee

Unit 7 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10%Production and application of Fermented Milk products- Yogurt, Cheese, others.

Unit 8 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10%Microorganisms as food: single cell protein, yeast, algae and fungal biomass production

Unit 9 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 10%Microbial spoilage of milk & foods, Spoilage organisms, Food poisoning, mycotoxins and bacterial toxins, Indicator organisms. Microbiological quality standards of food.

Unit 10 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Food control agencies & regulatory practices and policies. Codex Alimentarius, FDA, EPA, HACCP, ISI. ISO & BS Laboratory accreditation. PFA Essential Commodités Act (FPO, MPO etc.), Hygiene in Food Industry.

Reference Books:

Dairy Microbiology H.A. ModiFood Microbiology- 4th Edition by Frazier William C and Westhoff Dennis C

Food Microbiology, Adams MR and Moss MO. Food microbiology Frazier WC and Westhoff DC. Basic food microbiology. Banwart GJ. Biotechnology: Food Fermentation

Microbiology, Biochemistry and Technology.Volume 2 by Joshi.

Microbiology of Fermented Foods. Volume II and I.

Brian J. Wood.Elsiever

Dairy Microbiology , Volume II and I. Robinson. Microbiology of Foods John C. Ayres. J. Orwin Mundt. William E.

Sandinee.

INSTRUCTION STRATEGIES1. Interactions with the students to understand the level of students2. Explaining & Discussing the major terminologies related to environment3. Teaching the topics included in the syllabus with the help of teaching aids like OHP, LCD




TEACHING AND EXAMINATIONUNIT Examination Scheme % Weightage Teaching Scheme No. of LecturesUnit 1 10 5Unit 2 5 4Unit 3 10 5Unit 4 15 5Unit 5 10 5Unit 6 10 5Unit 7 10 4Unit 8 10 4Unit 9 10 6Unit 10 10 5Total 100 48


MB: 302 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire basic knowledge of various infectious diseases caused by microbes, its route of transmission and also its control.

This course is designed to enable students to acquire understanding of the microbial infections& diseases, immune system, its functions The awareness of diagnosis, symptoms and cures for diseases, microbial therapeutics the immune system and preventive vaccines against diseases

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Gain knowledge on the symptoms, diagnosis and cure of infections and diseases caused by microbes

Enables the student to pursue further studies on medical microbiology, therapy and drugs / vaccine production for dreaded diseases

Development of awareness of structure and function of immune system Steps involved in monoclonal antibody and vaccine production


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 302 Medical Microbiology 4 48 30 70 100


Unit 1 No of Lectures:- 5 Weightage: 10%Basics in Medical microbiology –Terminology related to medical microbiology. Infectious diseases overview. Unit 2 No of Lectures:- 5 Weightage: 10%Microbial virulence and virulence factors - sources, route of transmission. Pathogenesis -adhesion, invasion, host cell damage, release of pathogens. - Signs and symptoms of microbial diseases. Treatment, Prevention and control of microbial infections. Immunity to microbial diseases.

Unit 3 No of Lectures:- 5 Weightage: 10%Collection of sample - Collection, transport, preservation and preliminary processing of clinical samples from different anatomical sites. Specimen acceptability criteria. And biomedical waste management.

Unit 4 No of Lectures:- 5 Weightage: 10%Diagnosis: Clinical, microbiological, immunological and molecular diagnosis of microbial diseases. Modern methods of microbial diagnosis.

Unit 5 No of Lectures:- 4 Weightage: 10%Bio Medical- waste management.

Section BUnit 6 No of Lectures:- 5 Weightage: 10%Bacteriology - Characteristics, classification, pathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of diseases caused by Gram positive Staphylococci, Streptococci, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Mycobacteria.

Unit 7 No of Lectures:- 5 Weightage: 10%Characteristics, classification, pathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of diseases caused by Gram negative Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Spirochaetes, Rickettsia.

Unit 8 No of Lectures:- 5 Weightage: 10%Virology – Pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment of DNA Virus: Structure, multiplication, classification and medical importance of DNA viruses - Pox, Herpes, Hepatitis, Adeno.

Unit 9 No of Lectures:- 5 Weightage: 10%Pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment of .RNA virus: - Picorna, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo, Rabdo and HIV virus. Viral vaccines and antiviral agents. Pathogenesis,, pathology, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the diseases caused.

Unit 10 No of Lectures:- 4 Weightage: 10%Mycology - Human mycotic infections caused by Dermatophytes, Histoplasma, Cryptococcus, Candida, opportunistic mycoses. Mycotoxins.

REFERENCE:Mechanism of Microbial Diseases Chaechter M. Medoff G. and Eisenstein BC. Practical Medical Microbiology, Collee, JG. Duguid JP, Fraser AG, Marimon BP.

Medical Microbiology. 14th edition. David Greenwood, Richard CD, Slack, John Forrest Peutherer.

Pharmaceutical Microbiology Hugo WB and Russell AD. Clinical Microbiology Joan Stokes E, Ridgway GL and Wren MWDMicrobiology: Fundamentals and Applications.

Ronald M. Atlas.

Principles of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunity, Vol. III Bacterial Diseases

Topley & Wilsons’s.

INSTRUCTION STRATEGIES.1. Interactions with the students to understand the level of students2. Explaining & Discussing the major terminologies related to environment3. Teaching the topics included in the syllabus with the help of teaching aids like OHP, LCD (Power




TEACHING AND EXAMINATIONUNIT Examination Scheme % Weightage Teaching Scheme No. of LecturesUnit 1 10 5Unit 2 10 5Unit 3 10 5Unit 4 10 5Unit 5 10 4Unit 6 10 5Unit 7 10 5Unit 8 10 5Unit 9 10 5

Unit 10 10 4Total 100 48


MB: 303 - INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

RATIONALE: The course imparts knowledge of production processes, techniques and utility of different products produced by microorganisms in various areas including food, beverages, health & medicine, fuels, energy and environment.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Development of awareness of commercial exploitation of microorganisms. Enabling the students to understand and explore the use of microbes for the benefit of mankind. Generation of knowledge of commercially important microbes and microbial products and

fermented foods. Acquiring of knowledge of “green and ecosafe” microbial processes and technologies based

on renewable sources


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 303 Industrial Microbiology 4 48 30 70 100


Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 5%General concepts of Industrial Microbiology: Principles of exploitation of microbial biodiversity: Extremophiles, primary and secondary metabolism.

Unit 2 No. of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 15%Microbial production of: Enzymes: Proteases, Amylases; Vitamins: Vit.B12, Vit.B2; Amino acids: Glutamic acid, Lysine.

Unit 3 No. of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 15%Microbial production of: Antibiotics: Penicillin, Streptomycin; Organic acids: Citric acid, acetic acid;; Polysaccharides.

Unit 4 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 10%Microbial production of: Alcohol (beer, wine, sake)

Unit 5 No. of Lectures: 2 Weightage: 5%Alkaloids: Microbial Transformations of Steroids.

Section BUnit 6 No. of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 15%Industrial applications of Algae: Cyanobacterial biofertilizers, cosmetics and food additives of cyanobacteria. Biotechnological potential of algae, microalgal products, polysaccharides, phycotoxins, Vitamins and fine Chemicals. Techniques of mass culture of Algae.

Unit 7 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Production of Biofertilizers: Nitrogen fixation and biofertilizers, Blue-green algae, AzollaMycorrhizae - importance in agriculture and forestry.

Unit 8 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10%Production of Biopesticides and Biopreservatives (Nisin)

Unit 9 No. of Lectures: 2 Weightage: 5%Microbial polysaccharides and polyesters: Production of xanthan gum and polyhydroxyalkonoides (PHA)

Unit 10 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Bioconversions: Biomining and bioleaching of ores, Biological fuel generation, Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery process.

Reference Books: MB 303:Industrial Microbiology: Introduction M. J. Waites, N. L. Morgan, J. S. Rockey, G. HigtonBiotechnology HJ Rehm & G I ReedComprehensive Biotechnology Ed M Moo YoungEconomic Microbiology A H RoseMicrobial Technology H.J. Peppler & D. Perlman (Ed)Concepts In Biotechnology Balasubramanian D et alMicrobial Biotechnology: Alexander N. Glazer & Hiroshi Nikaido (Ed.)The Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology: M. Schaechter (ed.)Industrial Microbiology: L.E. CasidaText Book of Industrial Microbiology: W Creuger & A Creuger


1. Interactions with the students to understand the level of students2. Explaining & Discussing the major terminologies related to environment3. Teaching the topics included in the syllabus with the help of teaching aids like OHP, LCD


4. Assistance in solving of questions from our question bank .5. Assistance in solving of questions asked in national entrance exams like CSIR –NET /

other Universities.6. Updation on recent developments in the field of environment.



Unit 10 10 5Total 100 48


MB: 304 - ENVIRONMENTAL AND AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire understanding of environmental pollution related to the biotechnology products and their management as well as the eco-safe management of environmental disturbances caused by any other issues. The study also includes the role of microbes, flora & fauna in maintaining the global ecological / environmental balance. Also knowledge of plant tissue culture and techniques in plant transgenics. The study also includes the role of markers in genetic transformation and application of plant biotechnology to develop commercially important plants.

LEARNING OUTCOMES: Development of awareness of environment related issues. Enabling the students to monitor the environmental pollution. Generation of knowledge of Global warming and greenhouse gases and ways to reduce

atmospheric concentrations of with the goal of "preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference with Earth's climate system".

Efforts for maintenance of pollution free environment. Developing an understanding towards fundamentals of plant biotechnology Generation of capacity to design and perform experiments of Plant tissue culture and Plant

transformation Enabling students to understand types, advantages and disadvantages molecular markers Development of capacity to formulate application of plant biotechnology for production of

commercial transgenic plants.


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 304 Environmental and Agricultural



Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 10%Environment: basic concepts and issues.

Unit 2 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Environmental pollution: Types of pollution and its measurement, Methodology of environmental management, Problem solving approach and its limitations.Unit 3 No. of Lectures: 5 Weightage: 10%Air pollution and its control.Unit 4 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 10%Water pollution and its control. Measurement of water pollution, COD, BOD, sources of water pollution. Microbiology of water and Public health. Treatment -Physical, chemical and biological treatment processes. Treatment schemes for various industrial waste waters: Dairy, Distillery, Tannery, Sugar, Antibiotic industry.Unit 5 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 10%Environment: basic concepts and issues.

Section BUnit 6 No. of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 15%Plant microbe interrelationship: Plant pathogenic microorganisms, Disease symptoms, mode of entry, plant disease resistance, physiology of parasitism and factors affecting disease incidence.

Unit 7 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10%Control Measures: Biofertilizers, Biopesticides & BioinsecticidesUnit 8 No. of Lectures: 6 Weightage: 15%Biotransformation in plants: Definition, process, Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer, Basis of tumor formation; Features of Ti and Ri plasmids; Mechanisms of DNA transfer; Role of virulence genes; Use of Ti and Ri as vectors;Unit 9 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 15%Viral vectors and their applications.Unit 10 No. of Lectures: 3 Weightage: 15%Transgenic plants: Bt genes, disease resistance, virus resistance

REFERENCES:

Waste Water Treatment for Pollution Control: Arceivala.Environmental Microbiology: R. M. Maier, I. L. Pepper & G. P. GerbaComprehensive Biotechnology, Vol. 4 M. Moo-Young (Ed)Biotechnology: H.J.Rehm and J.I.Reid (Eds)Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology

Singer Samuel

Biotechnology for Waste and Wastewater Treatment

Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff,

Environmental Biotechnology Theory and Application

Gareth M. Evans & Judith C. Furlong

The Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology M. Schaechter (ed.)Biotechnology in Crop Improvement H.S.Chawla.




4. Assistance in solving of questions from our question bank .5. Assistance in solving of questions asked in national entrance exams like CSIR –NET / other


TEACHING AND EXAMINATIONUNIT Examination Scheme % Weightage Teaching Scheme No. of LecturesUnit 1 10 3Unit 2 10 5Unit 3 10 5Unit 4 10 6Unit 5 10 3Unit 6 15 8Unit 7 10 4Unit 8 15 6Unit 9 5 3Unit 10 5 3Total 100 48


MB: 305 - PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY

RATIONALE: The course provides knowledge on the utility of Biotechnology products &techniques useful as medicines / diagnostics including the recombinant DNA products.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Development of knowledge of Biopharmaceticals, their development, designing, formulation and manufacturing.

Enabling the students to monitor the change from chemical drugs to Biopharmaceuticals. Generation of knowledge of various commercialized Biopharmaceticals and their Regulatory

processes New upcoming technologies based on Biotechnology for disease prevention and control.


Subject Code


Mid Term End TermMB 305 Pharmaceutical



Unit 1 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10The Drug Development Process for Biopharmaceuticals, Microbial, Recombinant, Biochemical and Molecular level screening systems and their construction/ design strategies.

Unit 2: No. of Lectures:- 4 Weightage: 5%High throughput drug screening technology. Mechanism of action of Drugs producedby microbes

Unit 3 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 5%Dosage forms, Formulations and delivery routes for Biopharmaceuticals.

Unit 4 No. of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 20%Microbial products as drugs:Therapeutic Proteins- Cytokines, Enzymes, Growth Hormones, Blood Factors, Monoclonal Antibodies, vaccines, immuno-modulators as drugs/diagnostic agents. Other microbial products in therapeutics.

Unit 5 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10%Novel drugs through enzymatic conversion of chemical drugs. Microbes as models of Mammaliandrug metabolism.

Section BUnit 6 No. of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 20%Manufacturing of Biopharmaceuticals including dosage forms, Q.A. measures & SOPs.Unit 7 No. of Lectures:4 Weightage: 10%Phytochemicals / Animal based Biopharmaceuticals Stem Cells, Gene and Cell Therapy.

Unit 8 No. of Lectures: 4 Weightage: 10%Recombinant microbes as expression hosts for Biopharmaceuticals, Expression hosts, Molecular Pharming

Unit 9 No. of Lectures: 8 Weightage: 10%Pharmaco-genetics and its impact on drug therapy Regulatory aspects of Biopharmaceuticals

REFERENCES:

Hugo and Russel’s Pharmaceutical Microbiology: Biopharmaceuticals Biochemistry and Biotechnology Gary WalshPharmaceutical Biotechnology: Drug Discovery & Clinical Applications:

O. Kayser & R.H. Muller

Biopharmaceuticals: Jogdand, S.N Molecular Biotechnology Therapeutic applications and Strategies

M. Sunil and P.D Salil

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology S.P.Vyas and D.V. KohliComprehensive Biotechnology KG Ramawat & Shaily GoyalPharmaceutical Biotechnology Fundamentals & Applications DJ Crommelin RD Sindler &

MeibohmMedical Biotechnology P. Nallari & V V Rao




4. Assistance in solving of questions from our question bank.5. Assistance in solving of questions asked in national entrance exams like CSIR –NET /

other Universities.6. Updation on recent developments in the field of environment.


UNIT Examination Scheme % Weightage Teaching Scheme No. of LecturesUnit 1 10 4Unit 2 5 4Unit 3 5 4Unit 4 20 8Unit 5 10 4Unit 6 20 8Unit 7 10 6Unit 8 5 2Unit 9 15 8Total 100 48


BT: 306 Practical

RATIONALE: This course is designed to enable students to acquire on hand practical knowledge of organisms utilized for biotechnology products, particularly microbial fermentation processes, microbial Food Processing, Environmental pollution, analysis of quality of water and pharmaceutical products. Students also acquire on hand practical knowledge of techniques diagnostics and medical microbiology, plant tissue culture, plant transgenics and its applications.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Gain knowledge of fermented foods like cheese, alcohol and yoghurt and their processing and Quality Assessment

Practical knowledge on Spawn production and mushroom cultivation. Knowledge of Anibiotics and other Pharmaceuticals, their processing and steps to ensure Quality and Good Manufacturing Practices Students will acquire knowledge on how to analyze water samples of drinking water and

industrial effluents. Acquisition of knowledge of conventional microbial culture techniques. Practical knowledge on food processing. Knowledge of basics techniques in identification and confirmation of pathogens. Students will acquire knowledge on the basic requirements to develop a setup for drug

sensitivity testing

TEACHING AND EVALUATION SCHEME:. Each practical’s listed in the syllabus will be explained and demonstrated in the laboratory. Students are evaluated based on the marks obtained in writing part as well as performance in the laboratory. General viva voce and subject viva voce will be conducted to analyze the knowledge of the student.

Subject Code

Subject Title Credits Practical Total MarksHrs Max Marks


Spots Viva Journal

BT 306 Practical 12 12 120 40 20 20 100

COURSE CONTENT

List of Experiments1. Bacteriological examination of water particularly for pathogenic microbes2. Isolation of Coliphages from raw sewage3. Detection of Coliform in water by membrane filter method4. Determination of Chemical Oxygen demand of water5. Determination of Dissolved Oxygen of Water6. Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand of Water7. Measurement of Total Solids, Suspended Solids and Dissolved Solids in a given sample

of Water and Waste Water 8. Measurement of Acidity in given Water Sample

List of Experiments(contd.)9. Measurement of Alkalinity of the given Water Sample 10. Determination of the Hardness of Water 11. Measurement of Sulfate in Water Sample

12. Determination of Chlorides concentration (Mohr’s method )13. Determination of Orthophosphate14. Study of antifungal secondary metabolites produced by microbes15. Determination of antagonistic (antifungal) activity of microorganisms16. Study of antibacterial secondary metabolites produced by microbes17. Isolation of nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria 18. Isolation of symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria 19. Isolation of symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria Rhizobium 20. Production of Cheese.21. Production of Yogurt22. MBRT test.23. Coliform detection test from milk.24. SCP (Single Cell Protein) production25. Detection of pathogenic microbes in Processed Foods & Bevearages26. SCO (Single Cell oil) production27. Mushroom Spawn Production Technology28. Production of Alcohol / Vinegar29. Isolation of pathogenic organisms from different medical samples

a. a.Sputumb. b.Urinec. c.Blood

30. Identification of microbes by using different staining methodsa. Acid fast staining

31. Confirmation of Koch’s Postulates32. Identification of microbes by biochemical test Kits

REFERENCE:Laboratory manual in environmental engineering P.D.KulkarniExperiments in Microbiology plant pathology , tissue culture and mushroom cultivation

K.R.Aneja

Laboratory manual and workbook on Microbiology J.A. Morello, .A. Granato, H.E. MizerLaboratory exercises in Microbiology Harley PrescotMicrobiological Applications: A Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology

H.J. Benson

INSTRUCTION STRATERGIES


2. Monitoring of the students performing the experiments the practical hall.3. Evaluation of results of each experiment.

IV SEMESTER


SEMESTER – IVMB-401: DISSERTATION

Project work and Dissertation must be based on Applications of Microbes in, Food and Dairy industry, Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology Industry and in Diagnostic services.

Semester IV students will be on Industrial Training at Industry / Research Institution / Department during entire term for Project Work and Dissertation. The Students have to devote 6 days, 8 hours per day at the work place that may be an Institute, Industry, Department and Hospital Laboratory.

The Students will have to undergo continuous interaction and one evaluation of progress by a team of Departmental experts. A student who has undergone such evaluations only will be entitled to present his complete project work to the University for Exam.

The University End Term Practical Examination will be carrying 300 marks divided as underneath and shall be conducted by One external expert along with an Internal:

Thesis Content & Applicability : 100 marks Thesis Write up & Presentation : 100 marks Presentation on Thesis Work done : 50 marks Viva Voce on Thesis Work done : 50 marks

The Project work and Dissertation can be made in following Applications:

o Food Processingo Bevearageso Dairyo Enzymeso Industrial Microbiologyo Extremophileso Pharmaceuticalso Effluent Treatmento Bioremediationo Bioenergyo Analytical Microbiologyo Clinical / Medical Microbiology and Diagnosticso Bifertilizers & Biopesticides

M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS W.E.F. JULY 2014 · 2016-03-03 · Chromatography, Gel filtration,...

Documents

Transcript of M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS W.E.F. JULY 2014 · 2016-03-03 · Chromatography, Gel filtration,...