MSC 134 Fishing Gear Technology II. “Fish tagging programs are a vital part of a fishery...

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MSC 134 MSC 134 Fishing Gear Technology II Fishing Gear Technology II

Transcript of MSC 134 Fishing Gear Technology II. “Fish tagging programs are a vital part of a fishery...

Page 1: MSC 134 Fishing Gear Technology II. “Fish tagging programs are a vital part of a fishery manager’s tools for assessing fish populations. Conducted properly,

MSC 134MSC 134Fishing Gear Technology IIFishing Gear Technology II

Page 2: MSC 134 Fishing Gear Technology II. “Fish tagging programs are a vital part of a fishery manager’s tools for assessing fish populations. Conducted properly,

“Fish tagging programs are a vital part of a fishery manager’s tools for assessing fish populations. Conducted properly, tagging can yield a wealth of information, including data about movement patterns, population structure, and mortality rates.”1

When marking fish – think about the reason for marking.Identifying an individual fish or a group of fish?Will the mark affect the fish’s behavior or

increase mortality?What are the chances that the tag will be lost

or misidentified?There are a variety of tagging and marking

methods available.

1. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission: http://www.fishtag.info/index.htm 2

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Tagging and Marking MethodsBiological (Natural

Methods)

Parasitic MarksMorphological

MarksGenetic Marks

ChemicalMethods

Immersion Injection Feeding

Physical (Mutilation or Tags)

External Mutilation Tags

Internal Tags

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Physical MethodsMutilation – Clipping or punching fins or other body

parts which can later be used to identify individuals.

Branding – Uses hot or cold instruments against the body of a fish in order to produce an identifiable mark for recognition.

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Physical Methods

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Tags – Internal and External

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission: http://www.fishtag.info/index.htm

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Physical: Common Tag TypesInternal

Thermal TagsMicro-tagsCoded Wire TagsSubcutaneous TagsBody Cavity Tags

Passive Integrated Transponder Tags (PIT)

Radio Tags Sonar Tags DST GPS Fish Tag

Data Storage Tag (DST) Global Positioning System

(GPS)

ExternalVisible Implant Elastomer

(VIE)Paper FastenersStrap TagsDart /Anchor/ Streamer Tags

Spaghetti Tags Dangler Tags

Carlin Tags

Disc Tags Petersen Discs Carlin Tags

Specialized Electronic Tags Pop-off Satellite Tag (PSAT) Global Positioning System

(GPS)

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VIE Tag

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Occasionally referred to as Opercle Tags

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A tagged red drum, about to be released.

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Petersen Disc tag below the dorsal fin of a warmouth.

Carlin darter tag attached to a walleye.

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Physical MethodsExternal

Advantages Can be seen without dissection of the fish. Many allow for individual recognition. Inexpensive.

Disadvantages Can cause higher mortality by:

Attracting predators. Interfere with locomotion. Make the organism more susceptible to disease and

infection.11

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Physical: Common Tag TypesInternal

Thermal TagsMicrotagsCoded Wire TagsSubcutaneous Tags (VIE)Body Cavity Tags

Passive Integrated Transponder Tags (PIT) Acoustic Tags Radio Tags Sonar Tags

DST GPS Fish Tag Data Storage Tag (DST)

Archival Tags Global Positioning System

(GPS)

ExternalVisible Implant Elastomer

(VIE)Paper FastenersStrap TagsDart /Anchor/ Streamer Tags

Spaghetti Tags Dangler Tags

Carlin Tags

Disc Tags Petersen Discs Carlin Tags

Specialized Tags Pop-off Satellite Tag (PSAT) Global Positioning System

(GPS)

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A small piece of wire injected into juvenile fish using small applicators or by hand.

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Various body cavity tags generally require “in the field” surgical implantation.

VEMCO acoustic transmitters.

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Pop-off Satellite Archival Tags. (PSAT)

Tethered Acoustic Tag

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Physical MethodsInternal

Advantages Do not protrude from the body. Do not require removal of parts of the fish. Non-toxic and may put less stress on the fish

compared to other tagging methods. Can be inexpensive. *see disadvantages

Disadvantages Can be expensive. *see advantages

Trained personnel are necessary. Recovery is difficult.

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Electronic TagsPassive Integrated Transponding Tags (PIT)

Inserted using a veterinary syringe.Decoded with portable hand-held readers or

automatic readers.Tag detection range is very short.

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Electronic TagsContinuously Transmitting Radio and

Acoustic TagsLarger than PIT tags – require an internal

battery.Accurate geo-location is possible by a variety

of methods.Attachment of the tag can be internal or

external.The detection range is generally less than 100

meters. May extend to a kilometer in some instances.

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• Continuously Transmitting Radio and Acoustic Tags

Pulsed TagsRadio tags.

Non-programmable pulsed radio tags. Programmable pulsed radio tags.

Acoustic tags. Non-programmable pulsed acoustic tags.

Combined Acoustic and Radio Tags (CART) Hybrid tag: combines components of both radio &

acoustic tags. Allow individual fish to be tracked between salt and

freshwater.Coded tags

Coded radio tagsCoded acoustic tags 19

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Electronic TagsTransponding Acoustic Tags

Transmit an acoustic signal only when they receive an interrogation pulse from a sonar.

Size of tag varies according to frequency and range.Can be used for physical or physiological data

telemetry.Data Storage Tags (DST’s)

Also known as Archival Tags.Some tags can record data for up to 5 years and store

the information for up to 20 years.To retrieve the information, the tags must be

recovered from the fish.High cost of the tags are offset by the enormous

amount of data that can be generated from a single tagged animal.

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VEMCO VR2W Positioning System (VPS)

VEMCO Telemetry

Local Surveys and ResultsCape Fear River Watch – Striped Bass

Cape Fear River - Shad

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Suppliers / CostsBiomark

Fish Tagger

Floy Tag

Microwave Telemetry, INC.

Northwest Marine Technology, INC.

Weetags

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Bibliographic Citations“About Tagging” Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission.

22 April, 2011. 15 June, 2012. http://www.fishtag.info/aboutTagging.htm

Bridger, C.J., Booth, R.K. “The Effects of Biotelemetry Transmitter Presence and Attachment Procedures on Fish Physiology and Behavior.” Reviews in Fisheries Science 11 (1) (2003): 13-34

“Fish Tagging and Marking Techniques” Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2009. 15 June, 2012. http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/Fish_Tagging_Marking_Techniques.shtml

Gibbons, J. Whitfield, Andrews, Kimberly M. “PIT Tagging: Simple Technology at Its Best.” BioScience 54, (2004): 447-454

“Making Waves in Acoustic Telemetry” VEMCO. 2011. 13 June, 2012. http://www.vemco.com/index.php

Thorsteinsson, V. “Tagging Methods for Stock Assessment and Research in Fisheries.” Report of Concerted Action FAIR – Marine Research Institute Technical Report (79). 2002: 26-81

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