MS. JANDA’S OPUSc 1996 Joan Janda

It’s -é -aste (for REGULAR –AR verbs only; -ó not estar, not andar)) -amos -aron

And -í (for REGULAR -ER and –IR verbs only; -iste not poner, not poder, not querer, not hacer, -ió not venir, not tener, not decir, not traer, not ir, -imos not “ser”))

-ieron

And -e (for ALL IRREGULAR verbs on this sheet:-iste saber, poner, poder, querer, hacer, venir, tener, decir, traer, -o ser, ir)-imos-ieron (except after J-, then just -ERON)

And we have SABER, which goes to SUP-And we have PONER, which goes to PUS-And then there is PUD- for PODER,Which will take you anywhere.

For QUERER, it’s QUIS-For HACER, it’s HIC- (HIZO for el/ ella/ Ud.)If he came, then we’d have VINO (VENIR—VIN-)

For TENER, it’s TUV-For ANDAR, ANDUV-And then for ESTAR, you get ESTUV-

For DECIR, it’s DIJ-For TRAER, it’s TRAJ-Don’t forget it, you’ll lose credit!

For DECIR, it’s DIJ-, for TRAER, it’s TRAJ-

And now for the part that tickles my heart. VER

It’s called the Preterit viIt’s the tense you can’t forget visteIt’s for what begins and ends vioIt’s for uninterrupted, one-time events. vimos

VieronThen, we have dear “IR” and “SER”They share just one form:Yo fui, tu fuiste, y el fue,Then there’s fuimos and fueron DAROnce again, fui, fuiste, fue,And fuimos, ellos fueron diOnce again, FUI, FUISTE, FUE, disteand nosotros FUIMOS, ellos FUERON. dio

dimosNow verbs ending in -CAR, -GAR and –ZAR dieronThese, too, have a change of formBut remember that it’s only in Yo,Yes, only in Yo form.

For SACAR, saqué, Q-U-E (accent!)For JUGAR, jugué, G-U-E (accent!)For LANZAR, lancé, that’s C-E (accent!)You can’t have Z before an E.

PLEASE NOTE: -IR SHOE VERBS will change stem in the Preterit tense but ONLY in the THIRD PERSON (EL/ELLOS form); the stem change in Preterite will now be to one letter only, either U (not UE) or I (not IE).

Examples: DORMIR: dormí dormimos dormiste, *durmió, *durmieron

MEDIR: medí medimos mediste *midió *midieron

ALSO NOTE: Anytime there is an UNACCENTED I between two vowels in Spanish, you have to change the I to a Y

The Present Indicativec2007 Joan Janda

Oh the Present Indicative’s easyBut the –OY verbs might strike you as cheesy.They’re SOY, DOY, VOY, ESTOYIn the YO formOf SER, DAR, IR, and Yes, of ESTAR.

For SABER, it’s yo SE,Don’t forget it!For CONOCER, yo CONOZCO,Don’t fret it!

Pay attention, I know you will get it,And remember your SHOE VERBS, please God!

There are SHOE VERBS where O goes to UE;There are SHOE VERBS where E goes to IE;There are SHOE VERBS where E goes toJust I, but must IRemind you that WE (the NOSOTROS form)* won’t change stem?

“We” won’t change “We” be toughIt’s a Mexican custom to back off of NOSOTROSAnd there use the original stem!

–AR verbs, they all have their own endings:–O, -AS, -A, -AMOS, -AN, in that order;-O, -ES, -E, – EMOS , -EN for the –ERs; -O, -ES, -E, – IMOS , –EN for -IRs.

Just take heed!And don’t speed,It’s really quite simple:Learn which are your SHOE VERBSAnd which are your –GO verbs. Oh dear!

It’s yo TENGO, yo HAGO, yo PONGO, OIGO, DIGO, VENGO, and yo SALGO,For TENER, HACER, PONER, etc.,with this song, you will get them down pat.

There are just two, two more verbs,to discuss yet:They are VER and JUGAR, did you know?They are both oddball verbs:It’s yo VEO, tu VES,and yo JUEGO, tu JUEGAS, okay?

Just bewareAnd take careIt’s a Mexican custom To grab tourists and bust themFor killing their language, which is only fair!

As for me, you’ll see I’m even tougher.Broken Spanish I just can not suffer.It’s like nails on a blackboard, but rougher,And by now you should know that I’llStrangle you soDon’t mess up your endings, that’s that --Or with the Mexicans I’ll dance on your hat!

TENER (tengo)PONER (pongo)VENIR (vengo)HACER (hago)DECIR (digo)OIR (oigo)SALIR (salgo)TRAER (traigo)

Interrogative Review Song (Jingle Bells)

¿Por qué? = Why?¿Cuándo? = When?¿Qué? = What?¿Dónde? = Where?¿Cuánto? = How much?¿Cuántos? = How many?¿Quién (es)? = Who (is there?) (Plural: ¿Quiénes?)¿Cómo? = How?¿Cuál? = Which one? (Plural: ¿Cuáles? = )

Days of the week in Mon.-Sun. Order (Are You Sleeping?)

lunes, martes (2x)miércoles (2X)jueves y viernes (2X)sábado, domingo (2X)

The Accent Song

How do you crack the code of Spanish accents?How do you figure out where they belong?And how are you supposed to knowJust where they’re supposed to go?It seems like I just always seem to get them wrong!

Well, here are the rules that rule those Spanish accents.Learn them just once and then you’ll never get them wrong.

The first thing to know is that at most there’ll be one (accent),Never more than one in any word.And accents just never go on anything but a vowel (a,e,i,o,u).Often, it’s to stress the weak vowel in a diphthong*;Remember that u and i are the weak vowels and only an accent can make them strong.

And accents aren’t decorative, they’re functional.Every accent will either change stress or change meaning.They’re either necessary or they’re wrong.

*A diphthong is formed when either an “I “or a “U” is next to (either in front of or behind) one of the strong vowels (an “A”, “E”, or “O”), so that the weak vowel is overpowered and barely heard.

Examples of diphthongs are the “IE” vowel grouping in the word “FIESTA” and the “IA” grouping in the word “GRACIAS”. The E in “FIESTA” overpowers the ‘I’ there and the second “A” in “GRACIAS” overpowers the “I” that precedes that “A”.

PRESENT PERFECTc 2003 Joan Janda

PRESENT PERFECT is a PAST TENSE Examples: CANTARused for what someone HAS DONE he cantadoBut it’s compound, made of two parts has cantadoSo it doubles all your fun. ha cantado hemos cantado han cantadoStart with HABER in the Present:HE, HAS, HA, and HEMOS, HAN. SERFinish with PAST PARTICIPLE he sidoOF THE MAIN VERB, then you’re done. has sido ha sidoFor the main verb, drop the hemos sido

-AR, -ER, -IR and replace han sidowith -ADO for -AR verbsand -IDO for the rest. VIVIRSure, there are a few exceptions, he vivido

but not for -AR verbs this time; has vivido

for HACER, instead use HECHO, ha vivido

for DECIR, DICHO is right. hemos vivido han vividoFor VER, it’s VISTO, VERPONER, it’s PUESTO, he visto

ROMPER ROTO, has visto

MORIR MUERTO, ha visto hemos vistoABRIR ABIERTO, han visto

(DES)CUBRIR (DES)CUBIERTO,(DE)VOLVER (DE)VUELTO,almost done!

ESCRIBIR becomes ESCRITO,Now that’s twelve that you have learned.

HAN APRENDIDO doce verbosy HA TERMINADO la cancion.

IRhe idohas idoha idohemos idohan ido

HACER (irregular)he hechohas hechoha hechohemos hechohan hecho

VOLVER (irregular)he vueltohas vueltoha vueltohemos vueltohan vuelto

DARhe dadodistediodimosdieron

VERvivisteviovimosvieron

THE COMMAND SONGc 2003 Joan Janda

For all commands EXCEPT tu affirmative (Tu+),start with the YO formof Present Tense.

Take off the -O andthen make your VOWEL SWITCH:(-AR verbs -E; -ER/-IR A);Finish with personal endings:You may need -S (for tu- form) or -N (for Uds.)

ONLY 5 VERBSserve as exceptions:the 4 -OY verbsand then SABER.

IR starts with VAYA (Ud.)SABER with SEPA (Ud.)ESTAR ESTE (Ud.)DAR DE (Ud.)SER SEA (Ud.)

-CAR, -GAR, and –ZAR verbswill change their spellinglike in the YO formof Preterit tense.

For -CAR: -Q-U-E (no accent),for -GAR: -G-U-E (no accent),for -ZAR: it’s –C-E (no accent),That’s it for the rest!

COMMAND practice

1) No me _______________________ tu! (ESCUCHAR)

2) ________________________ Uds.! (ACOSTARSE)

3) _____________________ Uds. el precio de esto! (MIRAR)

4) No __________________ Ud. la ropa aquí! (PONER)

5) _______________________ Uds. la cena! (SERVIR)

6) ______________________ Uds. a la playa! (CONDUCIR)

7) No me lo ______________________ tu! (DECIR)

8) ____________________ el problema Ud.! (EXPLICARME)

9) ________________ los papeles a la profesora, Uds.! (DAR)

10) No ______________________ tu! (DORMIRSE)

11) No ________________________ Uds.! (CORRER)

12) ______________ bien Ud.! (PENSAR)

13) _________________ el articulo tu! (LEERME)

15) ____________________ Ud. ahora (EMPEZARLO).

16) ____________________ (TERMINARLO) Uds.!

17) _____________________(COLGARLO) tu!

18) _____________________ (CAMBIARSELO) Uds.!

19) _____________________ (LEERLO) Ud.!

20) No _____________________ (COMENZARLO) tu!

THE IMPERFECT SONGc2000 Joan Janda

Oh, the IMPERFECT,Yes, the IMPERFECT,Is the very simplest tense.When conjugating, it’s not frustrating,It’s the most regular tense!

You drop the ending of the infinitive, Just like you do most of the time.Then add the endings of the IMPERFECT.There’s only two sets now this time.

For -AR verbs, use the –ABA endings:-ABA, -ABAS, -ABA and-ABAMOS, -ABANAnd there you have itFor every –AR verb, my friend.

-ER and -IR verbs share their endings:-IA, -IAS, -IA and-IAMOS, -IAN(write in the accents!)And we’re almost at the end.

IR, SER, and VER are the lone exceptionsBut they’re really easy, too.For in their YO form they’re:IBA, ERA, and VEIA, now try TU

As for the SHOE VERBS, well the IMPERFECT,It just kicks them in the butt,For they don’t change here, they’re no longer Shoe Verbs,And there’s no Ifs, Ands, or Buts.

As for the uses of the IMPERFECT: it’s for actions incomplete,And for old habits and past descriptions:weather, age, time, feelings, date!

THE IMPERFECT SONGc2000 Joan Janda

Oh, the IMPERFECT,Yes, the IMPERFECT,Is the very simplest tense.When conjugating, it’s not frustrating,It’s the most regular tense!

You___________________________, Just like you do________________.Then________________________.There’s only___________________.

For _____________verbs,___________________:____________, ________________, ______________and______________, ___________________And there you have itFor__________________, my friend.

_____________and ______________share___________________:_____________, ______________, _______________and___________________, ____________________(write in the accents!)And we’re almost at the end.

_________, _________and __________ are _________But they’re really easy, too.For in their _____________they’re:__________, __________ and __________, now try “__________”

As for the__________________, well the IMPERFECT,It just ________________________,For they__________________, they’re like the others,And there’s no Ifs, Ands, or Buts.__________________________________incomplete,And for__________________ and __________________: ________, _________, ____________, _____________, _____________!

Me llamo _________________________

IMPERFECT practice

1. Ella ______________(SER) muy joven y bonita.2) El senor Salas siempre _________________________ la cena para su mujer. (COCINAR)3) Ella ____________________ una paella los martes. (PREPARAR)4) Ella ______________al supermercado todos los martes. (IR)5) Ayer ____________________ mucho frio afuera. (HACER)6) Los chicos siempre ________________________en el jardin. (JUGAR)7) Ella ____________________________ir a la playa. (PENSAR)8) La clase siempre _________________________ a las diez los martes. (COMENZAR)9) El ___________________ besar a su novia. (QUERER)10) Ella _____________________muy bien de salud. (VERSE)

FINAL ANSWERS: NO CROSS_OUTS HERE!!!

1___________________________

2___________________________

3___________________________

4.__________________________

5___________________________

6___________________________

7___________________________

8___________________________

9___________________________

10__________________________

Me llamo_____________________________ Nota__________%

Fill in the blanks with the correct conjugation of the IMPERFECT:

1) Los ninos _____________________ no la tarifa del autobús. (PAGAR)2) Lo dificil________________________ en investigar a su esposa. (CONSISTIR)3) Los soldados ________________________ cartas de nuestros estudiantes. (RECIBIR)4) El no ___________________________ nada honesto. (SER)5) Los abuelos _______________________________ en casa con su hijo mayor. (VIVIR)6) Ella ________________a comprender los problemas de sus alumnos. (COMENZAR)7) En ese caso, ella __________________________ (VOLVER) a casa con el.8) Yo nunca _________________________la respuesta (SABER)9) Ella ___________________ doce anos en aquel entonces. (TENER)10) El siempre ______________________ de buen humor. (ESTAR)

FINAL ANSWERS: NO CROSS_OUTS HERE!!!

1_________________________

2_________________________

3_________________________

4._________________________

5__________________________

6__________________________

7__________________________

8__________________________

9__________________________

10_________________________

EL FUTURO EN ESPANOLc 1999 Joan Janda

For future conversations,You’ll need this conjugation.It won’t cause perspiration,El futuro en español.

For all but just a few verbs,Be they old or new verbs,Just add your personal endings:-E, -AS, -A, -EMOS, -AN.

DROP NOTHING,NOT EVEN THE –AR;KEEP –ER, and -IR.

But bear in mind that VENIR, TENER, PONER, and SALIRAre four of your exceptions:Their last vowel goes to –D:VENDRE, TENDRE, PONDRE, SALDRE.

And DECIR goes to DIRE,Like HACER goes to HARE,The E gets lost in PODER,SABER, QUERER, ole!

For all but just a few verbs,Be they old or new verbs,Just add your personal endings:-E, -AS, -A, -EMOS, -AN.

DROP NOTHING, etc.

FUTURE TENSE practice

1) Yo _____________________ la tarea. (HACER)

2) Mi padre me __________________ el perro. (COMPRAR)

3) Los estudiantes ________________ al parque. (IR)

4) La gente ___________________ a las seis. (LLEGAR)

5) Mi jefe me _______________ manana. (PAGAR)

6) Jose ______________ la respuesta. (SABER)

7) El profesor __________________ hacerlo. (PODER)

8) Ellos __________________ el coche. (VENDER)

9) Mi novio __________________ probarlo. (QUERER)

10) Ellos __________________ la mesa. (PONER)

11) Julio no ____________________ a la fiesta. (VENIR)

12) Para manana, yo _________________ el dinero. (TENER)

13) El no me ______________ la verdad. (DECIR)

14) Ellos __________juntos por primera vez manana. (SALIR)

15) Los novios _________________ el mayo que viene. (CASARSE)

16) Lo dificil _________________ explicarselo a los estudiantes. (SER)

17) La mayoria ____________________ el libro en mano. (TENER)

18) Todo el mundo _____________________ participar. (QUERER)

19) Ella no _________________ nada por el. (HACER)

20) Los hombres _____________________ el rio manana. (PESCAR)

GUSTAR-TYPE VERBS(c Joan Janda 2005)

GUSTAR-TYPE verbs are so different from the restThey always have ME, TE, LE, NOS, LES before themAnd they’ll be on your test.

The trick to remember is to conjugate this way: In EL form or ELLOS, the subject will follow,Me gusta el espanol.

OTHER verbs like these include FALTAR, BASTAR,PARECER, ENCANTAR, ABURRIR, and DOLER,TOCAR, and SORPRENDER.

Still, there are others, too, like INTERESAR,IMPORTAR, FASCINAR and SOBRAR.There are several as you can see.

Now, to demonstrate:A ti te toca hablar.Nos faltan dos libros.Me sorprende su edad.Les aburre esperar._____________________________________________________________GUSTAR=to be pleasingFALTAR=to be lackingBASTAR= to be enoughPARECER=to seemENCANTAR=to be fascinatingABURRIR=to be boring; DOLER=to be painfulTOCAR=to be someone’s turnSOBRAR=to be more than enough, have leftoversINTERESAR=to be interestingIMPORTAR= to matterSORPRENDER=to be surprisingFASCINAR=to be fascinatingPLACER=to be pleasing; HACER FALTA=to be missing/lacking; EXTRANAR=to be surprising; to miss (someone)

GUSTAR-TYPE VERBS(c Joan Janda 2005)

GUSTAR-TYPE verbs are so different from the restThey always have _____________________________before themAnd they’ll be on your test.

The trick to remember is to conjugate this way: In_________________________________________:_________________________.

OTHER verbs like these include___________________________,and DOLER, _________________________________________________________________________________.

Still, there are others, too, like _______________________

_____________________________________________________________

Now, to demonstrate:____________________________________(It’s your turn to talk)____________________________________(We’re missing two books.)____________________________________(Her age surprises me.)____________________________________(To wait bores them.)

GUSTAR=___________________________FALTAR=__________________________

BASTAR= ___________________________PARECER=________________________

ENCANTAR= _______________________ABURRIR__________________________

DOLER=____________________________TOCAR=___________________________

SOBRAR=___________________________INTERESAR=______________________

IMPORTAR=________________________ SORPRENDER=____________________

FASCINAR= ___________________ _____PLACER= _________________________HACER FALTA=_____________________________EXTRANAR=______________________

THE CONDITIONAL TENSEc2008 Joan Janda

The Conditional’s the sexy tenseUsed to tell the circumstanceYou’d need to do it.(Yes, to do it.)Listen to meOr you will rue it. (rue=regret)

I’ll tell you what You’d need to do,In order to get follow through:You’d need the Conditional,Which starts with the Infinitive,To which you would add the “-IA” endings.

So take nothing off!(Keep your hat on!)Don’t drop a thing(Keep your shirt on!)Hold your horses Keep the –AR/-ER/ –IR ending on it!

Now for your finale, yeah,Add your –IA endings, Babe*For every verb (-AR, -ER, and -IR)Regular or not, you’ll use the -IA endings

As for Irregulars verbs,They’re the same as the Future’s:PONERand SALIR, TENER and VENIR the last vowel changed, changed to a “D” now.That’s right, Baby!

Other verbs to watch out for are:SABER, QUERER, PODER, HACER, DECIR, and HABER, which all lose their last vowel (while DECIR and HACER will drop their “C”, too)

*-IA, -IAS, -IA, -IAMOS, -IAN

CONDITIONAL TENSE practice

1) Yo _____________________ la tarea. (HACER)

2) Mi padre me __________________ el perro. (COMPRAR)

3) Los estudiantes ________________ al parque. (IR)

4) La gente ___________________ a las seis. (LLEGAR)

5) Mi jefe me _______________ manana. (PAGAR)

6) Jose ______________ la respuesta. (SABER)

7) El profesor __________________ hacerlo. (PODER)

8) Ellos __________________ el coche. (VENDER)

9) Mi novio __________________ probarlo. (QUERER)

10) Ellos __________________ la mesa. (PONER)

11) Julio no ____________________ a la fiesta. (VENIR)

12) Para manana, yo _________________ el dinero. (TENER)

13) El no me ______________ la verdad. (DECIR)

14) Ellos __________juntos por primera vez manana. (SALIR)

15) Los novios _________________ en mayo. (CASARSE)

16) Ellos ________________________ al ajedrez. (JUGAR)

17) Los chicos _____________________ a la cafeteria. (IR)

18) La secretaria ____________________ tarde. (LLEGAR)

19) Ella _________________ con el. (SALIR)

20) Nosotros ____________________ para alli. (CONDUCIR)

THE “OOPA, OOPA” OPERAc Joan Janda 1996, 2000, 2003, 2007, originally under the title of “The Corn Opera,”

all rights reserved

A COLORFUL COLLECTIONOF CRAZY CANCIONES

TO CONJUGATE EL CASTELLANO CORRECTLY

THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE SONG(c Joan Janda, 2000)

The progressive is the _______________Used for __________________________It always starts out with ___________!Remember this and you’ll go far.Second half?It’s a cinch; it just appearsInch by inch,ooooohhhhh…..

The verb ____________ goes “yo ______________.”And then we have “___________________ tu.”-AR verbs are just like that; Nothing hard, they’re really phat.Just like that, really phat.They’re a cinch, inch by inch,NO EXCEPTIONS (all _____________________).

_____________ verbs are just a little different,Instead of _____________, __________ is their _____________The good news is that just ______________ Has the nerve to ___________________.

All the rest are like ________________,*Nothing _____________________,Hooray for our side.

_____________ verbs are formed the same as _____________;For __________________ PLEASE STAY ON YOUR TOES!__________________ WILL CHANGE STEM;Don’t forget or it’s the end!

For dormir, ___________________For morir, ________________For sentir, ___________________For decir, ________________For mentir, ____________________For pedir, ______________For servir,_____________________For repetir, __________________For medir, __________________

The Progressive,It’s a helluva tense!

IN THE (SUBJUNCTIVE) MOOD c2007 Joan Janda

Gotta learn Subjunctive ‘cause without it, I’ll failPlus I really love it ‘cause the mood, it does wailIt’s made for

GUSTAR-TYPE VERB CONJUGATIONcJoan Janda 2005

GUSTAR-TYPE verbs are so different from the restThey always have ME, TE, LE, NOS, LES before themAnd they’ll be on your test.

The trick to remember is to conjugate this way:In EL form or ELLOS(the subject usually follows):Me gusta el espanol.

Other verbs like these include:FALTAR, BASTAR,PARECER, ABURRIR, ENCANTAR, SORPRENDER,SOBRAR, and then DOLER (ue).

Still, there are others, too:QUEDAR, TOCAR, PLACER:Me quedan billetes.Te toca hablar.Le place ayudar.

Vocabulary:

Faltar = to be lacking (for someone)Bastar= to be enough, to suffice (for someone)Parecer= to seem (to someone)Aburrir= to be boring (to someone)Interesar= to be interesting (to someone)Encantar= to be charming or delightful (to someone)Sobrar= to be more than enough (for someone)Doler= to be painful (to someone)Quedar=to be left over (for someone)Tocar= to be a turn (for someone)Placer= to be pleasing (to someone)

GUSTAR-TYPE VERB CONJUGATIONcJoan Janda 2005

GUSTAR-TYPE verbs are so different from the restThey always have___, ____, _____, ______, ________ before themAnd they’ll be on your test.

The trick to remember is to conjugate this way:In _________or _________(the ____________usually___________):________________________.

Other verbs like these include:_____________, ______________,______________, ____________, ______________, __________________,______________, and then ___________________.

Still, there are others, too:____________, _____________,_________________:_____________________.______________________.______________________.

Vocabulary:

_____________________ = to be lacking (for someone)______________________= to be enough, to suffice (for someone)______________________= to seem (to someone)______________________= to be boring (to someone)______________________= to be interesting (to someone)______________________=to be charming or delightful (to someone)______________________= to be more than enough (for someone)______________________= to be painful (to someone)______________________=to be left over (for someone)______________________= to be a turn (for someone)______________________= to be pleasing (to someone)

Translate into Spanish USING A GUSTAR-TYPE VERB. ANSWER ONLY TEN (10) OUT OF THE TWELVE (12). FIRST WORK OUT YOUR ANSWERS IN THE SCRAP AREA BELOW:

SCRAP AREA

1) His arm hurts. _____________________________________________

2) I need a plate. _____________________________________________

3) He has too many coins. ______________________________________

4) We like to read. ____________________________________________

5) They have more than enough food. ____________________________

6) You (my friend) have enough time. ____________________________

7) It’s my turn to answer. _____________________________________

8) It bores her. _______________________________________________

9) Spain delights me. __________________________________________

10) They interest her. __________________________________________

11) It seems difficult to us.______________________________________

12) They like to dance. ________________________________________

Me llamo _____________________ Nota:______% B? G?

Conjugate correctly the following verbs in Present Progressive:

1. Ella ______________ ______________________. (comenzar)

2. Nosotros __________ __________________ . (perder)

3. Tu ___ _______________ ____________________. (sentarse)

4. Yo _________ ___________________ la verdad. (decir)

5. Ella ________________ ____________________. (server)

6. Jose ___________ __________________ las ventanas. (medir)

7. Los muchachos. ___________ __________________. (salir)

8. Ud. _______ ______________ ________________.(repetirse)

9. Ella ____________ ____________________. (leer)

10. Uds. _____________ ______________________. (dormir)

The Present Indicativec2007 Joan Janda

Oh the Present Indicative’s easyBut the –OY verbs might strike you as cheesy.They’re SOY, DOY, VOY, ESTOYIn the Yo formOf SER, DAR, IR, and Yes, of ESTAR.

For SABER, it’s yo SE,Don’t forget it!For CONOCER, yo CONOZCO,Don’t fret it!

Pay attention, I know you will get it,And remember your SHOE VERBS, please God!

There are SHOE VERBS where O goes to UE;There are SHOE VERBS where E goes to IE;There are SHOE VERBS where E goes toJust “I”, but must IRemind you that WE (the NOSOTROS form)* won’t change stem?

“We” won’t change “We” be toughIt’s a Mexican custom to back off of NOSOTROSAnd there use the original stem!

–AR verbs, they all have their own endings:–O, -AS, -A, -AMOS, -AN, in that order;-O, -ES, -E, –EMOS, -EN for the –ERs; -O, -ES, -E, –IMOS, –EN for -IRs.

Just take heed!And don’t speed,It’s really quite simple:Learn which are your SHOE VERBSAnd which are your –GO verbs. Oh dear!

It’s yo TENGO, yo HAGO, yo PONGO, OIGO, DIGO, VENGO, and yo SALGO,For TENER, HACER, PONER, etc.,with this song, you will get them down pat.

There are just two, two more verbs,to discuss yet:They are VER and JUGAR, did you know?They are both oddball verbs:It’s yo VEO, tu VES,and yo JUEGO, tu JUEGAS, okay?

Just bewareAnd take careIt’s a Mexican custom To grab tourists and bust themFor killing their language (it’s fair)!

As for me, you’ll see I’m even tougher.Broken Spanish I just can not suffer.It’s like nails on a blackboard, but rougher,And by now you should know that I’llStrangle you soDon’t mess up your endings, that’s that --Or with the Mexicans I’ll dance on your hat!

TENER (tengo)PONER (pongo)VENIR (vengo)HACER (hago)DECIR (digo)OIR (oigo)SALIR (salgo)TRAER (traigo)

The Present Indicativec2007 Joan Janda

Oh the Present Indicative’s easyBut the _______________verbs might strike you as cheesy.They’re _____________, ________, _________, _________In the _______formOf ______, ______, _____ and Yes, of _______.

For____________, it’s yo _____,Don’t forget it, for ____________, yo_____________,Don’t fret it!

Pay attention, I know you will get it,And remember your_____________, please God!

There are ____________where ________goes to__________;There are _____________where ________goes to __________;There are ____________where ________goes toJust “_______”, but must IRemind you that _________(the ___________form)* won’t change stem?

“______________won’t change _____________be toughIt’s a Mexican custom to back off of NOSOTROSAnd there use the original stem!

____________, they all have their own endings:________________________, in that order;___________________for the______________; _______________________for_____________.

Just take heed!And don’t speed,It’s really quite simple:Learn which are your _____________And which are your _________verbs. Oh dear!

It’s yo _________________, and yo _________________,For__________________________, etc.,with this song, you will get them down pat.

There are just two, two more verbs,to discuss yet:They are _________and_____________, did you know?They are both oddball verbs:It’s yo_________, tu_________,and yo___________, tu__________, okay?

Just bewareAnd take careIt’s a Mexican custom To grab tourists and bust themFor killing their language (it’s fair)!

As for me, you’ll see I’m even tougher.Broken Spanish I just can not suffer.It’s like nails on a blackboard, but rougher,And by now you should know that I’llStrangle you soDon’t mess up your endings, that’s that --Or with the Mexicans I’ll dance on your hat!

THE SUBJUNCTIVEcJoan Janda 2003

excerpt from The Corn Opera, a work in progress

The Subjunctive, the SubjunctiveWorks like this: Listen up!

You need a change of subject,Like from TU to ELLOSAnd QUE to join the two.Yes, you do!

The second condition Is a little different:A WEDDING VERB (2X)Of Wishing or Wanting,Emotion or Desire,Doubt, Denial, or Importance,Negation or Need.

Other WEDDING verbs are Impersonal ExpressionsLike OJALA or ES BUENO,Or verbs of Need, Negation, Necessity or Governing CommandsLike Mandar or Exigir.

Now to form it, Take the YO form of Present TenseAnd drop the –O ending

Follow with your vowel switch:To –E for –AR verbs; and –A for ER/-IR verbsAnd add personal endings (2x)

There are only six irregulars:DAR, IR, SER, SABER, HABER, ESTAR.They’re: DE, VAYA, SEA, SEPA,HAYA and ESTE.

That’s the deal. Time to get real.

IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE (MOOD)(c 2003 Joan Janda)

The Subjunctive, the SubjubctiveWorks like this, listen up:

You need a change of subjet, Like from Tu to ELLOS,And QUE t join the two,Yes, yu do.

The second condition is a little different:A WEDDING”verb, a WEDDING verb,

Of WISHING or WANTING,EMOTION OR DESIRE,DOUBT, DENIAL or IMPORTANCE.

Other WEDDING VERBSare Impersonal Expressions likeOJALA, or ES BUENO.Or verbs of NEED, NEGATION,NECESSITY or GOVERNING COMMANDSLike MANDAR or EXIGIR.Now to form itTake the Yo form of present tenseAnd drop the “-O” And drop the “ –O”

Then you make the vowel switchTo “-E” for “-AR” verbsAnd “-A” for –ER/-IR Plus personal endings.

There are only 5 irregulars:DAR, IR, SER,

Me llamo _______________________________

Conjugue en el PRETERITO , como se indica:

1. Yo ___________________________ (SABER)

2. Ellos _________________________ (HACER)

3. Nosotros _____________________(HACER)

4. Tu ____________________________(DIVERTIRSE)

5. El grupo ______________________(ANDAR)

6. Nosotros ______________________ (PONER)

7. Ellos __________________________(QUERER)

8. Yo ____________________________(COLGAR)

9. Los alumnos ___________________ (IR)

10. Uds. __________________________(ESTAR)

11. Tus primos ____________________(TENER)

12. Yo ___________________________ (MARCAR)

13. Tu ___________________________(PODER)

14. Yo __________________________ (EMPEZAR)

15. Nosotros _____________________(ALMORZAR)

16. Ella __________________________(TRAER)

17. Tu ___________________________(VENIR)

18. Yo ___________________________(SENTARSE)

19. Nosotros _____________________ (VOLVER)

20. El maestro ____________________(DECIR)

Me llamo ______________________ Nota: _________%

Fill in the blanks with the sppropriate forms of the verbs in parentheses:

1. Ella insiste en que su novia le _____________ con la boda. (ayudar)

2. Seria imposible que yo _____________ a tiempo (llegar)

3. El se cree el muchacho mas guapo del mundo pero yo dudo que el _______________ novia. (tener)

4. Es menester _______________ lo suficiente para pagar los gastos domesticos, la comida, y mucho mas.

5-6. No cabe duda de que el ___________________ una chica que _______________ muy especial. (buscar, ser)

7. Era facil que yo ________________ lo que tu buscabas. (encontrar)

8. Su padre le habia dicho a su hijo que el ____________________ el tanque del coche de gasolina. (llenar)

9. Claro esta que ella _________________ (estar) enferma.

10. Yo pagaria un millon de dolares pero la casa ____________ aun mas. (costar)

Me llamo ______________________ Nota: ________%

La plaza principal de la Ciudad de Mexico se llama