Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular Diseases• Atherosclerosis leading to:

– Coronary Artery Disease– Heart attack– Stroke– Hypertension

• Arrhythmias• Heart Murmurs

Introduction to Atherosclerosishttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0NF2ODfd9Ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TAFuOGXem8&feature=fvwrel

Atherosclerosis• Thickening of artery

wall due to buildup of plaque in the wall

• Plaque is mainly made up of fat, cholesterol, blood clotting materials

What is the function of Artery?

Formation of Plaque

• At the site of tear in artery wall

Atherosclerosis: Hardening of Artery

What happens when artery loss its elasticity?

• Plaque limits the elasticity of the artery wallWhy is it important for artery to have elastic wall?

• Narrow artery• Higher the arterial

pressure -> causes hypertension

Arteriosclerosis-Related Diseases

• Coronary Artery Disease• Heart Attack

• Stroke

Affected artery that supply blood to heart

Affecrtery that supply blood to brain

Coronary Artery • Artery around the heart• Coronary arteries transport blood from

heart TO heart muscle cellsWhy is it important to circulate blood to heart cells through coronary artery?

Coronary Artery Disease• Narrowing

coronary artery

• Reduced oxygen flow to heart muscle cells

Atherosclerosis: Heart Attack

• Rupture of plaque result in blood clot

• Heart attack is the result of blocked blood flow in coronary artery• Lack of oxygen

flow to heart muscle cells

Buildup of Plaque

Blood Clot

Which blood cell is responsible for blood clot?

What will happen to the heart muscle cells?

Heart Attack

• Death of cardiac muscle cells due to lack of oxygen

• Heart may stop pumping

What type blood is transported through coronary artery?

Heart Attack Animation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcNYxegDXa8&feature=related

Stroke• “Brain attack”• Lack of oxygen flow to brain• Blocked or bursted arteries that transport

blood to brain

Types of AtherosclerosisAffected Artery Blood flow

Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Artery Reduced

Heart Attack Coronary Artery Blocked

Stroke Artery that transfer blood to brain

Blocked

Hypertension• Prolonged high

blood pressure • Often due to

narrowing of arteries from plaque buildup

• Heart is constantly pumping harder

• Overuse leads to thickening of heart muscles making them less flexible and more inefficient at pumping

Atherosclerosis TreatmentsCORONARY BYPASS

Atherosclerosis TreatmentsANGIOPLASTY and STENThttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9AqBd4RExk&feature=related

Arrhythmia

• Irregular heart beats

• Arises from problems with the electrical activity of the heart

Electrocardiographs (ECGs)

• The electrical signals of the heart can be measured using a machine called an electrocardiograph (ECG).

Arrhythmia Treatment

• Treatment may include implanting an artificial pacemaker

• Pacemaker controls heart beats using electrical impulses

Heart Murmurs• heart makes

extra sounds due to leaking valves