Ms dos tutorial
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Transcript of Ms dos tutorial
MS-DOS
START
TUTORIALCreated By
EHTISHAM ALI
How to start MS-DOS
Important Tips
DOS Commands - Quick Review
Choose one of the following options:
Exit Tutorial
Starting MS-DOS
Press [win+r] from your keyboard to pop-up Run window. Type [cmd] and press [Enter] Now a command prompt window will appear.
Main Menu X
Important Tips
In command prompt by default your are in system root drive (c:\) with user account.for example C:\Documents And Settings\
There are two types of commands External and Internal generally we use Internal commands.
By default your active drive is C, any command you enter is for active drive.
To have general help in command prompt type help and press enter or to get help for a specific command type the name of command added with /?
for example tree/?
To repeat a command press upward arrow from keyboard.
To stop any processing command press Ctrl+C.
To copy any information displayed in command prompt go to the top left corner of command prompt window and while clicking on it you get a menu, from there select Edit then Mark.
Now highlight the area of text you want to copy and press Enter. After pressing Enter your selected text has been stored to clipboard. Now
open any word processor or simply notepad and paste copied data here(Ctrl+V) Show Images
Commands are always same whether you type in uppercase or lowercase.
Press Alt+Enter to run command prompt in full screen.
Main Menu X
DOS Commands
Use all commands at your own risk. Only some basic and frequently used commands are listed here. Explanation and syntax of some commands is modified to make it simpler for non IT students.
ATTRIB CHKDSK DATE EDIT FORMAT HELP LABEL MD TIMECLS DEFRAG EXIT TREE
COPY DELDIR
Click a command to view its usage and examples.
Main Menu X
All commands are tested on windowXP sp2 with MS-DOS version 5.1.2600
ATTRIBChanges or displays the attributes of a file.
SYNTAXattrib drive:\path\file(with file extension) /switches
SWITCHES+R Changes specified file to read-only, which means the file cannot be overwritten or erased
-R Changes specified file to read-write, which means the file may be overwritten or erased
+A Changes file setting to archived.
-A Changes file setting to not archived.
+H Changes specified file to hidden, which means the file will not be visible in explorer.
-H Makes hidden files visible again.
+S Marks specified file as system files (super hidden).
-S Removes system attributes from file.
EXAMPLEattrib d:\music\rehman.mp3 +s +h
attrib e:\bollywallpapers\hotkatrina.jpg +r -h +a
BACK to Command List XOpen MS-
DOS
CHKDSKAnalyzes, diagnoses, and optionally corrects common hard-disk errors.
SYNTAXchkdsk drive: /switches
SWITCHES/f Enables auto-correction mechanism. When lost clusters are found.
EXAMPLEchkdsk c: /f
chkdsk d:
XBACK to Command List
Open MS-DOS
CLSClears the dos screen.
SYNTAXcls
SWITCHES
BACK to Command List X
There are no switches for this command.
Open MS-DOS
COPYCopies and hence can overwrite files.
SYNTAXCopy sourcedrive:\path\file targetdrive:\path /switches
SWITCHES/y Forces overwriting of existing files with same name, without prompting you to overwrite.
/-y Force DOS to prompt for conformation before overwriting existing files.
EXAMPLEcopy h:\music\airtel.mp3 d:\ringtone\ /y
copies airtel.mp3 from music folder in H drive to ringtone folder in D drive without asking you to overwrite if it already exist there.
BACK to Command List X
copy h:\music\airtel.mp3 d:\ringtone\ /-y
copies airtel.mp3 from music folder in H drive to ringtone folder in D drive. It will prompt you for confirmation to overwrite existing file.
Open MS-DOS
DATEDisplays the current date and prompts you to enter another. To leave the date unchanged, press Enter.
SYNTAXdate
SWITCHES
EXAMPLE
Date
Displays the current date and prompts you enter new.
BACK to Command List X
This command have no switches.
Open MS-DOS
DEFRAGSpeeds up disk performance by reorganizing fragmented files.
SYNTAXdefrag sourcedrive: /switches
SWITCHES-f Forces defragmentation
-a Analyze only
EXAMPLEdefrag h: -a
Only analyze H drive if there exists any fragmented files.
BACK to Command List X
defrag h: -f
Force defragmentation on H drive.
Open MS-DOS
DELThis command can erase or overwrite your files.
Delete FilesSYNTAX
del sourcedrive:\path\file
SWITCHES
EXAMPLE
del h:\music\airtel.mp3
deletes airtel.mp3 from music folder in H drive to
BACK to Command List X
This command do not have any switches.
Use this command cautiously
Open MS-DOS
DIRDisplays a list of files and directories(folders) stored in a drive.
SYNTAXdir sourcedrive:\path /switches
SWITCHES/a:d Displays all folders stored in the drive or path specified.
/a:h Displays all hidden files and folders stored in the drive or path specified.
/s Displays all folders with files contained in them in a sorted manner
EXAMPLEdir h:\music
Shows all files and folders stored in music folder on H drive
BACK to Command List X
dir h:\music /a:d
Shows only folders stored in music folder on H drive
dir h:\music /a:h
Shows all hidden files and folders stored in music folder on H drive
dir h:\music /s
Shows all folders (in music folder on H drive) with files contained in them in a sorted manner
Open MS-DOS
EDITIt is a simple text editor for MS-DOS
It can also open a text file from specified location for editing. (images)
SYNTAXedit sourcedrive:\path\file
SWITCHES
EXAMPLEedit
opens the editor window.
BACK to Command List X
This command do not have any switches.
edit h:\music\ali.txt
opens the editor window with the file ali.txt stored in music folder of H drive.
Open MS-DOS
EXITIt simply brings you out of the command prompt.
Exits MS-DOS
SYNTAXexit
BACK to Command List XOpen MS-
DOS
FORMATThis command can format your whole drive with a new file system.
SYNTAXformat sourcedrive: /switches
SWITCHES
EXAMPLE
format h: /fs:ntfs /v:misc /x
formats H drive by ntfs file system with new volume label as misc
BACK to Command List X
Use this command cautiously
/fs: Specify file system ntfs, fat or fat32.
/v: Specify new volume label.
/x Forces volume to dismount first if necessary. all opened handles to that volume will be inaccessible.
Open MS-DOS
HELPDisplays help for various commands in MS-DOS.
SYNTAXhelp
SWITCHES
BACK to Command List X
There are no switches for this command.
Open MS-DOS
LABELAdds or modifies a disk volume label.
SYNTAXlabel sourcedrive:
SWITCHES
BACK to Command List X
There are no switches for this command.
Open MS-DOS
EXAMPLE
label H:misc
This will change volume label of H drive to misc.
MDCreates a new folder at specified path.
SYNTAXmd sourcedrive:\path
SWITCHES
BACK to Command List X
There are no switches for this command.
Open MS-DOS
EXAMPLE
md H:\music\ali_new
This will create a new folder in music folder of H drive by the name ali_new
TIMEDisplay and allow changes to the system time.
SYNTAXtime
SWITCHES
BACK to Command List X
There are no switches for this command.
Open MS-DOS
EXAMPLE
time
This will display the current time and prompt you to enter new time.
If you do not want to change simply press Enter.
TREEDisplay the file-folder structure of the drive or folder specified.
SYNTAXtree sourcedrive: /switches
SWITCHES
BACK to Command List XOpen MS-
DOS
EXAMPLE
tree h:
displays all folders with there subfolders of H drive.
/f Includes the filenames in each subfolder.
tree h: /f
displays all folders with there subfolders and files contained in them of H drive.