MS 1745 Part 14; Fire Detection and Fire Alarm System...

MS 1745 Part 14; Fire Detection and Fire Alarm System, Guidelines for Planning, Design, Installation, Commissioning, Use and Maintenance P a g e | 1

[email protected] 6th October 2009

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2

Ir. H.P. Looi, (6th October 2009)

2 Abstract

Fire alarm and detection as passive system is the most commonlyprescribed system for fire protection.

This paper summarises the prescription on design practice for firedetection and alarm system contain in MS1745 Part 14

An introductory section pertaining to the liability / responsibility ofthe professional engineer is included.

This presentation summarises the prescription on design practice for fire detection and alarm

system contained in MS 1745 Part 14. A comparative description of some key prescriptions of BS

5839‐1 which mirrors those in MS 1745 – 14 are also included. The introductory missive on

professional liabilities shows that proficiency in technical standards is a statutory requirement for

engineers submitting plans under the ‘Street, Drainage and Building Act’.

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Introduction, Scope, General; Design FlowOverview & Structure of MS1745

Introduction; Submitting Engineer’s Responsibilities

Circuit Survivability

Initiating Devices; Siting & Spacing of Detectors, Manual Break Glass, Alam


3 CONTENTS

Power Supplies; Cables & Interconnections, Fire Rated Cables; EMC

Assessing Needs, Planning Design

Detection Zones

Detection Zones

Installation, Work Acceptance, Maintenance, Operation

Applications in Special Risk

The content flow mirrors the content of MS1745 – 14.

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4 INTRODUCTION – The Professional Engineer’s Responsibilities

The responsibilities of a Professional Engineer can be summarised:

From the above, we note that Civil Law is the most important legal requirement regulating the

conduct and practice of engineering. The Civil Law Act is applicable in all countries (including

countries with Socialist Justice System which would have a form of Civil Law). Thus it would be

pertinent to note that the professional engineer will be regulated by Civil Law even in countries

which do not have any form of registering professional engineers.

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Professional responsibility & Duty of Care

1 Professionalism requires the Engineer to place ‘public interest’and his ‘client’s interest above his own.

2 Action may be taken by the public suffering damages againstany tortfeasor (‘wrong-doer’) causing such damage.

3 In negligence tort, the professional engineer owes a duty ofcare to the public and his client.

Highland Tower Ruling, K.L. High Court, Aug 2000:the learned judge ruled that “... the unqualified architect who undertook theworks would be judged on the standard of a reasonably qualified architect ..”

Thus even an unregistered engineer who practices engineering will be liableunder Civil Law!

Under principles of Civil Law, even an unregistered engineer will be held liable for negligence once

professional engineering services are offered. Fire fighting contractors who provide services (in the

absence of any professional engineer) will therefore be held responsible in the event of negligence

and damage caused to the public.

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Where does it requires that a P.Eng MUSTbe responsible ?

STREET, DRAINAGE AND BUILDING ACT 1974 ACT 133

PreambleAn Act to amend and consolidate the laws relating to street,drainage and building in local authority areas in WestMalaysia, and for purposes connected therewith.

Under the ‘Street, Drainage and Building Act’ all buildings and structures are regulated by the local

authorities. Thus permission must be sought before any building or structure can be erected.

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Part I, 3. Interpretation"principal submitting person" means a qualified person who submitsbuilding plans to the local authority for approval in accordance withthis Act or any by-laws made thereunder and includes any otherqualified person who takes over the duties and responsibilities of oracts for the first mentioned qualified person;

"qualified person" means a Professional Architect, ProfessionalEngineer or building draughtsman registered under any written lawrelating to the registration thereof;

"submitting person" means a qualified person who submits plansother than building plans to the local authority or relevant statutoryauthority in accordance with this Act or any by-laws made thereunderand includes any other qualified person who takes over the duties andresponsibilities of or acts for the first mentioned qualified person;

Street, Drainage And Building ACT 1974 ACT 133

The ‘Street, Drainage and Building Act’ very clearly requires that only registered Architect and/or

Engineers are allowed to submit plans to local authority.

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How many whoclaims to bepractitioner has acopy of the UBBL?

MS 1745 : Part 14

MS 1745 : Part 5 & 6

The above lists typical statutory declarations which the Engineer will have to make in the submission

of plans. Two conclusions can be drawn from the above:

(1) The submitting engineer must be proficient in the technical standards of which he signs off

his design. This includes proficiency in the Uniform Building By‐Law. A corollary to the

aforesaid would be that engineers are also required (under principles of Civil Law or Tort

Laws) to maintain his expertise; meaning that he must keep his knowledge abreast of

‘current’ practice (including updates to technical standards).

(2) Listing of technical standards must be updated to take into account latest revision and

updates to standards applicable in statutory declarations.

The ‘Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 (Act 549) prescribes that Malaysia Standard has primacy over

other international recognised standards.

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Certification of Completion and Compliance

Certification of Completion and Compliance (C.C.C.) which came into force on April 2007, places the

primary responsibility for issuance of building O.C.F. (Occupation Certificate of Fitness) on the

submitting person (the registered architect and/or engineer). It should also be noted (form G8) that

the accountability of the contractor responsible will be a growing topic of national discussions.

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10 Overview of MS 1745

Part 1 – IntroductionPart 2 – Control and Indicating EquipmentPart 3 – Audible Fire Alarm DevicesPart 4 – Power Supply EquipmentPart 5 – Heat Detectors – Point detectorsPart 7 – Smoke detectors – point detectors using scattered light,transmitted light or ionisationPart 10 – Flame Detectors – Point detectorsPart 11 – Manual Call PointsPart 12 – Smoke Detectors – Line detectors using an optical light beam.Part 13 – Compatibility Assessment of Systems Components,Part 14 – Guidelines for Planning, Design, Installation, Commissioning, Useand MaintenancePart 15 – Multisensor Fire Detectors

The complete series of MS1745 is listed above. It should be noted that this presentation will focus on

Part 14 as the rest of the standards are product standards. Understanding technical standards

requires a basic idea on types of standards:

(1) Basic Standards – are general standards dealing with topics used by other standards; e.g.

terminology, testing techniques, definition of hazard class etc.

(2) Product Standards – deals with specifying the product itself and can be sub‐divided into 3

sub class:

(a) Material Standards; quality of PVC, ferrous metal used in pipes etc.

(b) Component Standards; valve, proximity switch, hydrants, detectors, meters etc.

(c) Assembly Standards; built‐up unit from components, e.g. alarm panels which is an

assembly of components such as fuses, control modules etc.

(3) Installation Standards – are general standards dealing with integration of various

components, assemblies and equipment for a specific application. Part 14 of the MS 1745

series would be an installation standard.

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EN54 part 1 – IntroductionEN54 part 2 – Control and Indication EquipmentEN54 part 3 – Fire alarm devices, SoundersEN54 part 4 – Power supply equipmentEN54 part 5 – Heat detectors, point detectorsEN54 part 6 – Heat detectors, rate of rise point detectors without static element{WITHDRAWN}EN54 part 7 - Smoke detectors, point detectors using scattered light, transmittedlight or ionisationEN54 part 8 - Components of automatic fire detection systems. Spec. for high temp.heat detectors {WITHDRAWN}EN54 part 9 – Components of automatic detection systems. Method of test ofsensitivity to fire.EN54 part 10 – Flame Detectors – Point detectorsEN54 part 11 – Manual Call PointsEN54 part 12 – Smoke Detectors – Line detectors using an optical light beam.EN 54 part 13 – Compatibility Assessment of Systems Components,EN 54 part 14 – Cabling and interconnection of a fire detection and alarm system

It can be noted that part 6 and 8 have been withdrawn. MS1745 do not include part 6, 8 and 9.

Beyond part 13 however, MS1745 diverge from EN 54.

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EN54 part 15 – Point detectors using a combination of detected fire phenonmenaEN54 part 16 – Components of fire alarm system voice alarm system, voice alarm control and indicating equipment.EN54 part 17 Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Short circuit isolatorsEN 54 part 18 Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Input/output devicesEN 54 part 19EN 54 part 20 Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Aspirating smoke detectorEN 54 part 21 Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Alarm transmission and fault warning routing equipmentEN 54 part 22 Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Line type heat detectorsEN 54 part 23 Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Fire alarm devices. Visual alarmsEN 54 part 24 Fire detection and fire alarm systems . Voice alarms - LoudspeakersEN 54 part 25 Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Components using radio links and system requirementsEN 54 part 26 Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Point fire detectors using Carbon Monoxide sensorsEN 54 part 27 Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Duct smoke detectors

The rest of EN 54 series is listed above. Thus practitioners requiring standards on components not

listed under MS may refer to the standards listed above.

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Part 1 : 2002 - Code of practice for system design, installation,commissioning and maintenance

BS 5839 – Fire Detection and Alarm Systems for Buildings

Part 2 : 1983 - Specification for manual call points (withdrawnand since replaced with BS EN 54-11:2002)

Part 3 : 1988 - Specification for automatic release mechanismsfor certain fire protection equipment

Part 4 : 1988 - Specification for control and indicating equipment(withdrawn and replaced by BS EN54-2 ‘Control and indicatingequipment’ and BS EN54-4 ‘Power supply equipment’)

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BS 5839 is the standard which most practitioners follow in this country. A listing of the BS 5839

series is shown above.

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Part 5 : 1988 – Specification for optical beam smoke detectors

BS 5839 – Fire Detection and Alarm Systems for Buildings

Part 6 : 1985 – Code of practice for the design and installation offire detection and alarm systems in dwellings

Part 8 : 1988 Code of practice for the design, installation andservicing of voice alarm system

Part 9 : 2003 Code of practice for the design, installation,commissioning and maintenance of emergency voicecommunication systems


Listing of BS 5839 series.

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15 Structure of MS 1745 Part 14


MS 1745 Part 14 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems for Buildings, Guidelinesfor planning, design, installation, commissioning, use and maintenance

0 – Introduction1 – Scope2 – Normative References3 – Terms and Reference4 – General5 – Assessment of Needs6 – Planning and Design7 – Installation8 – Commissioning and Verification9 – Third Party Approval10 – Documentations11 – Maintenance12 – Modification or Extension of an Installed System13 – Operation of Other Fire Protection System14 – Application in Special Risk15 – Integrated Systems16 – Hierarchical Systems

Annex A – Maintenance Check ListAnnex B – Dealing with False AlarmAnnex C – Model Certificates

A summary of the Section headings of MS 1745 part 14 shows the topics which are covered in the

standard. Section 5 and 6 constitute a substantive part of the standard.

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16 MS 1745 Part 14 – Introduction and Scope


0 – IntroductionMS 1745 is meant to be a guide, i.e. it is not mandatory.It will become mandatory if specified in another document or by anauthority having power.

2 – ScopeCovers planning, design, installation, commission, operation andmaintenance of system.System covered at least one detector.

DO NOT :Do not cover systems combining fire alarm with other non-fire relatedfunctions e.g. fire alarm hard-wired as part of a BMS.Do not recommend whether fire alarm (including the type and extent)to be installed in any premises

MS 1745 – 14 is worded as a Guide, i.e. it do not carry mandatory requirement. However where it is

cited in specifications, it become (contractually) mandatory. Citation or claims that a system

complies to MS 1745 – 14 also confers mandatory status to the standard.

MS 1745 – 14 DO NOT recommend the type, extent and scope of fire detection and alarm system to

be installed in any building. For recommendation on system and extent of coverage, we will have to

refer to other legal prescription (notably the UBBL).

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2 – Normative Reference.Makes reference to ALL other parts of MS1745.Parts 1 to 12 can be said to be product standards.Therefore compliance to MS1745 requires that components must becertified to conform to the relevant parts of MS 1745.

17 MS 1745 Part 14 – Normative Reference, Terms & definitions


3 – Terms and Definitions – some important terms:Competent person – Person … certified by an accredited body withthe necessary knowledge, skills and experience ...Competent organisation – Organisation which… has under itsemployment competent persons with the necessary knowledge,skills, experience and tools to carry out the work satisfactorily.Designer – person or organisation taking responsibility for work inClaus 6 (Planning and Design).

By normative reference, the components which will be specified and installed under this standard

will have to comply with the relevant product standard in the MS 1745 series. Where product

standards are not available in MS, then the EN 54 series will have precedence.

The standard also prescribed that competent person and organisation should be retained.

Competent person in the Malaysian context and especially under the context of the ‘Street, Drainage

and Building Act’ will be the registered engineer.

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18 MS 1745 Part 14 – General


Initial concept

Assessment of needs

Planning and design

Installation

Commissioning and verification

Third party approval (optional)

Use / Operation

Maintenance

1. Building risk group,2. Space to be protected,3. Type of system to be installed,4. Interaction with other fire

protection measures

1. Selecting and locating detectors,2. Zoning of building/ alarm zones,3. Provision for control, displays

and indications,4. Provision of power supplies

4 – General – provide general guidance on use of MS1745

Figure 1 in MS 1745 illustrates the process flow for compliance with MS 1745. As a

substantive portion of the standard deals with “Assessment of Needs” and “Planning and

Design”, the sub‐topics relevant to these two topics are listed as decision clouds.

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19 MS 1745 Part 14 – General


4 – General4.2 Each of the process listed in Fig. 1 are assumed to be carried out by

different organisation.4.3 Electrical safety is NOT covered in MS1745 but relevant legislative

requirements should be referred (MS 1979 and MS 1936).4.4 Design to minimise false alarm (Annex B).4.5 Warranties to be provided by suppliers and manufacturers.4.6 Proper documentations at each stage (Annex C – format certificates).4.7 Responsibility of person to be clearly defined.4.8 Persons or qualifications to be appropriately competent (cross

reference to definitions).

In Clause 4.3, the following are relevant electrical standards and codes which are mandatory under

the ‘Electricity Supply Act’:

(1) MS 1979:2007 "Electrical Installation of Buildings – Code of Practice"

(2) MS 1936:2006 “Electrical Installation of Building – Guide to MS IEC 60364"

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20 MS 1745 Part 14 – Assessment of Needs

MS 1745 DO NOT specify when, where and how firedetection and alarm systems are installed.

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Consult Client / Architect.Understand space planning,usage & operation needs.

Consult Life Safety Code legally in force (UBBL).

Consult Insurance company.Consult authorities having jurisdiction (Jab. Bomba).

Consider integration withexisting / other systems Consult installers.

System Concept

Assessment of needs is the first step in delving into detail design and specification. Assessing ‘Needs’

identify the over‐riding consideration, Protection of Life versus Protection of Property with over‐

riding consideration of cost‐operation, which will define a design concept and the extent of coverage

required within and without a premise.

Consultation with insurance company should (in the author’s opinion) be an important consideration

in assessing needs as insurance premiums are not necessarily confined only to basic standard

prescribed under the law (UBBL). System designed and installed are frequently required to be

modified or have components changed, or even sub‐system added after audit by an insurance

company.

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Uniform Building By Law (revised up to 2006)

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Part VII – FIRE REQUIREMENTS153 – Smoke detectors for lift lobbies.225 – Detecting and extinguishing fireSystems to be provided in accordance with 10th Schedule.237 – Fire alarms

Premises G.F.A. >9,290M² (exclude car park & storage area)OR >30.5M in heightshall be provided with 2 stage alarm with evacuation (continuoussignal)

238 – Command and control centre; Large premises > 30.5M in height241 – Special requirements for fire alarm systems.

Visible alarm indicator signal where there are deaf persons244 – Standards for Fire alarm FOC rules, BS CP 1019, BS 3116 & 5446

Every practitioner in the building industry should have a copy of the “UBBL”. The UBBL (not Bomba

Officer) will be the first step in assessing the needs, extent and coverage of system to be included.

The above listed by‐laws in the UBBL pertaining to fire alarm and detection system has relevance.

By‐Law 244 however seems to be outdated in its citation of standards:

(1) Since 1986 the role of the “Fire Officer’s Committee” (FOC), UK has been taken over by the

“Loss Prevention Council” (LPC, UK).

(2) BS CP 1019 is superseded by BS5839 – 1

(3) BS 3116 part 1 : 1970 has since been withdrawn and superseded by BS 5839 (relevant

part).

(4) BS 3116 part 4 was superseded by BS 5839‐4 which in turn was withdrawn and superseded

by EN 54‐4.

(5) The original BS5446‐1:1977 was superseded by BS5446‐1:2000 (Fire detection and fire

alarm devices for dwellings. Specification for smoke alarms) which was withdrawn and

replaced with BS EN 14604:2005 (smoke alarm devices)

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UBBL, 10th Schedule prescribes

Fire alarm system prescribed in conjunction with other active firesystems for the various building occupational hazard class are:

4 types of systems are prescribed:

1. Automatic Electrical Fire Alarm System

2. Manual Electrical Fire Alarm System

3. Signal Indicator Alarm System

4. Manual Alarm System

The UBBL 10th Schedule is the most important document prescribing the extent and scope of

coverage required for the various building hazard class. Four types of fire alarm and detection

systems are listed. PPaarrttiicciippaannttss aarree rreeqquueesstteedd ttoo ccoonnssuulltt 1100tthh SScchheedduullee ooff tthhee UUBBBBLL..

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MS 1745 Part 14 Section 6 classifies fire alarm systems by extent of coverage.

4 types of Automatic Fire Detection Systems coverage are defined:

1.Total cover – covering all spaces in building

2.Compartment cover – covering only parts (usually the most vulnerableareas) of the building.

3.Escape route cover.

4.Local cover – covering particular functions, special equipment orareas of particularly high risk.

MS 1745 – 14 defines coverage in four general classes. An assessment on the coverage required will

have to be made by a competent person as previously stated and as covered in the previous slide

the UBBL (especially the 10th Schedule) will be the first step in assessing coverage.

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P1 – All areas covered with detectors except voids less than800mm in height

P2 – Defined areas in a building having a high fire risk

Type P – Protection of Properties

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BS 5839 – 1; coverage is defined based on clear needs:

L1 – Same as P1 (all areas covered with detectors except voids)L2 – Same as P2 but for areas of high fire risk to lifeL3 – Protection of escape routeL4 – Protection of circulation area (2002 edition)L5 – Fire engineered solution (2002 edition)

Type L – Protection of Life

Type M – Manual type

As a comparison, BS5839 (of which most Malaysian practitioners would claim to be proficient – at

least going by the mandatory statutory declaration commonly made), assessing needs is more

nuance and clear. This clarity is especially important where insurer’s needs have to be clearly

declared. Practitioners should therefore, also consult BS 5839‐1 in assessing the type of coverage

required. Appendix A appended with this presentation has some recommendations on coverage

based on BS5839 classification.

Participants (as an exercise) should compare the recommendations in Appendix A with UBBL, 10th

Schedule.

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MS 1745 – Areas not needing cover:1. Bathrooms, shower rooms, washrooms etc.2. Vertical shafts/ cable ducts < 2M² (proper fire stopped provided)3. Unroofed loading bays4. Unventilated frozen food stores gross volume < 20M³.



MS 1745 – Voids (under floor and above ceiling) needindependent cover by detectors:

1. Likely to be extensive spread of fire or smoke outside room of origin throughvoid before fire is detected by detectors outside void.

2. Need to protect cables of emergency system

MS 1745 – Voids not requiring coverage:1. Less than 1m in height.2. Less than 10M in length3. Less than 10M in width4. Totally separated from other areas by incombustible material5. Do not contain fire load densities in excess of 25MJ combustible material in 1M²6. Do not contain cables of emergency systems (unless cable are fire resist for

30min.)

Areas which do not required coverage are listed above.

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26 MS 1745 – 14; Planning and Design

Design to Minimise False Alarm (Annex B)

Detectors Selection

Devices & Sub Systems

Compatibility

Fault Limitation

(circuit survivability)

Zoning

Detectors Siting

Compliance to MS 1745

After defining the concept and extent of coverage of the design, the practitioner is now ready to

develop a detail design. The chart above illustrates the sub topics which must be considered in

designing and specifying systems in compliance with MS 1745.

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27 MS1745 – Circuit Survivability

Single cable fault in any circuit cannot preventcorrect operation of:1.Auto detection of fire2.Operation of manual call points3.Sounder4.Tx/Rx of signals to i/o devices5.Initiate operation of ancillary equip.

Where devices integratemore than 1 function useisolating devices withinhousing to limit singlecable fault.

In event of single short or open circuit:1. Not more than 32 devices inoperable.2. All inoperative devices in same zone.3. All inoperative devices fulfill same function.

Single cable fault in any circuit cannot prevent1.Initiation of a fire signal in an area greaterthan allowed for a single detection zone;2.Sounding of a fire signal in an area greaterthan allowed for a single detection zone;3.Operation of all alarm devices within abuilding (i.e. at least 1 sounder must operate).

A major topic, after having decided on a system concept and extent of coverage, would be designing

circuit for fault‐limitation. In NFPA 72 (the other major fire standard in the world), “fault‐limitation”

is caption as “circuit‐survivability” which (in my opinion) is a better concept to capture in designing a

‘fail‐safe’ system. MS 1745 – 14; prescribes circuit‐survivability in the terms listed above. Thus an

audit to check compliance with MS 1745 would require some test to prove circuit‐survivability as

listed above.

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Two faults in any circuit do not prevent the operation of either detectors,manual call points or alarm devices over floor area exceeding 10,000M² ORfrom more than 5 fire compartment whichever is the smaller.Use max. 2 physical circuit per 10,000M² .

Physically segregate zones by circuit.

Physically segregate sounder circuits.

Use max. of 2 physical circuit per 10,000m² “Circuit Survivability” for Dummies!

Use ring/loop circuit if circuited across zone

Short circuit isolator recommended for ring circuitsto isolate segment of the ring in case of faultwithout affecting the whole ring.

Start and return leg of loop/ring circuit to bephysically laid via separate route.

A hard‐wired implementation of the performance‐prescription for circuit‐survivability is listed in this

slide. The recommendations are just some steps which can be implemented and do not preclude

other steps which are particular to addressable systems. In addressable systems, devices are

typically connected in a ‘daisy‐chain’ in a loop, star or radial configuration. Thus circuit survivability

(depending on the addressable hardware) will have to be taken into account in such ‘data‐loops’. It

would therefore be pertinent for practitioners to check with vendors of addressable system on

whether and how compliance to MS 1745 can be effected.

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Faults should be indicated in panels

Incorrect Wiring MethodTee tapping – any disconnectionbeyond the tap will make inoperabledevices beyond tap. No troublesignal will be indicated.

X

Correct Wiring MethodSupervisory monitoring of openand short circuit possible.

MS 1745 (similar to BS 5839‐1) requires that circuit faults should be indicated on monitoring panels.

In such case, the designer and installer will have to pay attention to the type of looping circuit in

connecting up devices as illustrated above and following slide.

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(1) Class A circuits are capable of transmitting an alarm signalduring a single open or a non-simultaneous single ground fault.

(2) Class B circuits are incapable of transmitting an alarm beyondthe location of the fault conditions specified for class A.

NFPA 72 : 2002

NFPA72 classifies circuits into ‘CLASS’ and ‘STYLE’

Types of circuits are further designated ‘Style’ depending on itsability to meet alarm and trouble performance during single-open,single-ground, wire-to-wire short, loss of carrier etc.

Initiating Device Circuit (IDC) – Styles A, B, C, D & E

Notification Appliances Circuit (NAC) – Styles W, A, Y & Z

Signalling Line Circuit (SLC) – Styles 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7

Whilst MS 1745 and BS 5839 defined “circuit‐survivability” in general “performance‐based” terms,

NFPA 72 (North American) has detailed prescription on defining the class and ‘style’ of circuit in

terms of meeting alarm and trouble performance based on single‐open, single‐ground and wire‐to‐

wire short.

Initiating Devices refer to devices which initiate signals such as detectors, flow switch etc.

Notification Appliances refer devices which receives signal and act on the signal; e.g. alarm

sounders, visual indicators etc.

Signalling Line Circuit refers to circuit which transmit signal received from some IDC to another

monitoring or supervisory panel, e.g. would be a circuit to a repeater panel.

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(1) Class A circuits are capable of Supervisionis accomplished by monitoring the level ofcurrent passing through the circuit and end-of-line resistor.

(2) The 4-wire loop nature of this circuitryenables the control panel to ‘condition’ thelooped circuit to single open and singleground fault. This conditioning ensures thatall devices are capable of responding andreporting an alarm despite a single-open orsingle ground fault.

NFPA 72 : 2002

The above explained the concept of a Class A circuit.

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(1) Class B circuits. A single open disables alldevices electrically beyond the ‘open.

(2) Increases or decreases in the low levelsupervisory current through the circuit andend-of-line, provide monitoring signal to thecontrol panel indicating alarm or faultconditions.

NFPA 72 : 2002

The above explains the concept behind a Class B circuit.

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Incorrrect wiring method – 2 wire detectorsIncorrect Method

Corrrect wiring method – 2 wire detectorsCORRECT METHOD

The above illustrates common mistakes in wiring up circuit for Class A need.

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4-wire smoke detector employing a 3-wire connecting arrangement.One side of power supply is connected to one side of initiating device circuit.Wire run broken at each connection to smoke detector to provide supervision

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35 MS 1745 – 14; Fire Detection Zones


Fire Compartment

(1) A single zone cannot exceed 1,600m²(2) If a zone extends beyond a single fire

compartment, the zone boundariesshould be boundaries of firecompartments and the floor area of thezone should not exceed 400m².

(3) Each zone should be restricted to asingle storey of the building unless(a) The zone consists of a stairwell,

light well etc. extending beyond onestorey but within one compartment.

(b) the total floor area of building <300m², the whole building can beone zone.

Basic prescription on zoning.

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36 MS 1745 – 14; Fire Detection Zone


(1) Fire compartments 1 & 2 can bedesigned as 1 detection zoneprovided total area ofcompartments 1 & 2 < 400m²

(2) Total floor area of any one zonecannot exceed 1,600m².

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37 MS 1745 – 14; Fire Detection Zone


Zone with more than 5 rooms:(1)Indication of rooms should beincluded in control/indicating panel,OR(2)Remote indicator lamps installedoutside each door to indicate roomin which detector has operated.

Heat DetectorH

Alarm indicator lamp

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38 MS 1745 – 14; Initiating Devices


Heat Detectors

1 Fixed tempFusible elementContinuousBimetal

2 Rate‐of‐Riselinespot

3 Rate Compensationlinespot

4 Combination5 Electronic Spot‐

Thermal

Flame Detectors

1 UV 2 IR 3 UV/IR

1 ionisation 2 Optical3 Beam

Smoke Detectors

Manual Switch

The types of detectors are classified into the types above. In terms of sensitivity smoke detectors are

more sensitive than heat detectors. Spot type heat detectors are the most common, whilst line heat‐

detectors are used in special application. Smoke detectors comprise of 2 main types (ionisation and

optical). Optical smoke detectors comprise of 2 types: the photoelectric detector and the beam

detectors. The following slide illustrates the applications of line (or linear detectors and beam

detectors).

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Cable racks in service tunnels

Conveyors carrying coal dust.

Linear Heat Detectors

The above illustrates deployment of linear heat detectors in special risk applications (cable rack,

conveyors carrying hazardous material etc.).

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Beam Smoke Detectors

optical line of sight

BEAM

Pre-stratified (variable based onoutside temperature)

Variable stratification due to the fire

Beam smoke detectorshould be at height ofplume’s max. diameter.

Beam detectors detect smoke by measuring the obscuring of a light beam due to smoke. The above

illustrates application of beam smoke detectors in a high ceiling application.

Other specialised detectors are flame detectors which has two primary technology of infra‐red (IR)

or UV light detection. Flame detectors are useful in specialised application and the nature of the

flame will have to be confirmed depending on the type of flammable material.

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41 MS 1745 – 14; Siting and Spacing of Detectors


CEILING HEIGHT (M)

Detector Types < 4.5 > 4.5 < 6 > 6 < 8 > 8 < 11 > 8 < 25 > 25

Heat, Part 5 Grade 1 5 5 5 NN NS NS

Smoke, point, Part 7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 NN NS

Beam Part 12 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5(a) NN NS

NS = Not suitable for use in range of heights

NN = Not normally used in the range, but may be used in special applications.(a) A second layer of detectors will usually be necessary at about ½ ceiling height.

Limit of ceiling height for heat

detectors

Limit of ceiling height for smoke

detectors

Prescription on ceiling height and radius of coverage given is ONLY a guide. In actual practice the

practitioner will have to consult manufacturer’s guide on radius of coverage (after confirming with

suitable conformance certification on validity of manufacturer’s claims.

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A

H

Pitch / Sloping Roof

(1) A/H < 5% ; Standard Spacing

(2) Pitch > 1° ; Detector spacingto be increased by 1% foreach 1° of pitch up to a max.increase of 25%.

In case of pitch roof, any pitch roof with depth to room height ratio of less than 5% can be

considered a “smooth” ceiling in which case the standard spacing table applies. However if the

aforesaid A/H ratio exceeds 5% then the recommended detector spacing is increased by 1% for

every 1° increase in pitch up to a maximum of 25%.

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Ceiling irregularities

(1) h/H < 5% ; Standard Spacing

(2) D > 0.25 x (H-h) detector in every cell

(3) D < 0.25 x (H-h) detector in every second cell

(4) D < 0.13 x (H-h) detector in every third cell

Ceiling beams in cell-likearrangement, the internal volumeof the cells covered by a singledetector should not exceed:

(1)Heat: V = 6m² x ( H – h )

(2)Smoke: V = 12m² x ( H – h )

Where beam depth is an issue, guidelines for moderating detector spacing are listed above.

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False Ceiling and Floors

Detectors NOT required:1.False floor is perforated; OR2.False floor is fire rated class A11, A21 or 81 AND no fire load beneath (e.g. cables).

Detectors sited above ceiling ifrisk of fire starting aboveceiling and all conditions :1.Ceiling perforation > 40% ofany 1m x 1m section of ceiling;2.Each individual perforation>10mm x 10mm3.Thickness of ceiling > 3 Xmin. dimensions ofperforation.

In case of false floors and ceiling recommendations on coverage are included.

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Detectors installed in absence of ceiling:

1.Place detectors in path of rising plume.

2.Use beam detectors.

3.Effective operating radius = 12.5% Hf

Floors Section

Rising Plume

Hf

Atria (high level without ceiling)

In case were detectors are installed where ceiling are not present, the effective operating radius of

detectors are reduced.

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Detectors installed more than 500mm from any walls or obstruction. Top of partition less than 300mm is considered to be a full height wall.

Detectors should not be sited 500mm from walls or obstruction. Obstruction include beams and

partitions which are not more than 300 from ceiling.

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Supply Air Inlet > 1m/s> 1M

Aspirated detectors where air speed may be high or varying widely.

Detectors should not be sited in front of fresh air inlet or exhaust and where (air conditioning)

supply air inlet has air velocity more than 1 m/s, it should be at least 1m away. In cases where high

air velocity is a concern, aspirated type smoke detection system may be proposed.

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48 MS 1745 – 14; Manual Break Glass


Manual break glass should generally be sited along escape route. The standard recommends that a

person escaping from a fire should not travel more than 30m to access a manual pull switch. Manual

pull switch should be located as far as possible near exit stair case. Common mistakes are siting

manual pull switch at dead‐ends and away from escape route. In such a case, a person will have to

deviate from the escape route to access the switch which presents a danger to the escapee.

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49 MS 1745 – 14; Alarm


Fire Door– 30dBA

Normal Door– 20dBA

> 65dBA OR5dBA above ambient

<120dBA

> 75dBA; <120dBA

Recommendations on sound level is listed as 65 dB(A) OR 5dB(A) above general ambient sound level

(whichever is the higher). In case where occupant is asleep (hotel rooms), sound levels should be 75

dB(A). Generally a fire door will contribute to about 30dB(A) reduction whilst a normal door will

contribute to about 30dB(A) reduction in sound level. The maximum sound level must however NOT

exceed 120dB(A). Thus the designer will have to place a number of lower dBA sounders rather than

one high dBA sounder to comply with this requirement.

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65dBA OR5dBA above ambient

50 MS 1745 – 14; Alarm


Sounders1.At least 2 sounders in a building.2.At least 1 sounder in each fire compartment.3.Max level < 120dBA4.Freq. 500Hz – 2kHz5.Sound should be distinct (not to be confused with other alarm e.g. lunch)6.Sound to be continuous.

A guide on sound attenuation with distance is shown in the graph above. Other prescription on

sounders are also listed above.

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51 Power Supplies

Primary supplyIsolator/ switch fuse to be dedicatedRCD as far as possible not to be used.Switching of system due to maintenance, energy savings etc should notaffect supply.

Types Normal supply & Standby Supply

Batteries capacity 72 hours normal quiescent condition & 30min. alarm.

Battery capacity with guaranteed downtime less than 24 hours. If system islocally or remotely supervised and/or a maintenance contract is in forceguaranteeing max. downtime of less than 24 hrs, then battery capacity canbe reduced to 30 hours operating and 30 min. alarm.


Prescription on the standby capacities of batteries are listed above. Note the reduction in capacity

allowed where supervised maintenance contract or local maintenance (competent) is available, the

key term is a guaranteed down time of less than 24 hours in case of supply failure.

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52 MS 1745 – 14; System control


Fire extinguishing system

Smoke or fire doors

Smoke venting equipment

Smoke or fire dampers

Ventilation shut down

Lift control

Security doors

A typical alarm system, in most case will also be used to actuate other emergency or essential

services (list above).

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53 MS 1745 – 14; Cables and interconnection


Cables run inareas which areNOT fireprotectedshould be fireresistant ORprotectedagainst fire.

3 Class of Circuits.ID = Initiating DevicesND = Notification DevicesSignal Circuits

MS 1745 – 14 contains clear prescription on the use of fire rated cables for automated fire detection

and alarm system. The next few slides will show the context and prescription on cables and inter

connections.

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Fault in F.C 1 mayaffect alarm signalin FC2 (cables firerated or protectedfor at least 30 min.)

Fault in Zone 2may affect alarmsignal in Zone 3(cables fire ratedor protected for atleast 30 min.)


In the two cases presented above, “fault‐limitations’ require the use of fire‐resistant cables. In these

case, fire resistant is only limited to 30 minutes.

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BS 60331 – Fire Tests



Common misconception in the market is the specification of fire rated cables. Fire rated cables

under IEC 60331 requires that the cable should be able to operate for a certain period (say about 30

minutes) after exposure to fire. Many cables marketed as “fire rated” are merely “fire‐retardant”,

i.e. it will not contribute to the spread or addition to the fire (or it will significantly present itself as a

low fire load). Such cables are cables under IEC 60332‐3. However fire rating under the context of

MS 1745 requires that cables must be able to operate for at least 30 minutes on being exposed to

“fire‐fighting” conditions. The above and following slides explain the concept and specifications

behind specifying fire rating of cables.

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BS 60332-3


56 MS 1745 – 14; Fire Rated Cables

IEC 60331 test a cable for its fire resistant properties (i.e. ability to continue operation during fire

condition) as oppose to IEC 60332‐3 which examines flame propagation property of cables.

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2002 edition major change to requirement for fire rated cables.

BS5839-1

All cables to be firerated. The category offire rating depends onthe application.


BS 5839 categorise fire rating of cables in terms of its application. The left‐most two standards

specify cables for fire detection and alarm applications.

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BS5839-1

58 MS 1745-14; Fire Rated Cables


The minimum standard of fire rating permitted under MS1745 would be Category W cables (fire

fighting condition).

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BS5839-1



A more correct specification of cables under BS 5839‐1 (and by extension the MS 1745‐14) would be

cables rated as PH30 standard grade cables at 830°C instead of 650°C under BS6387 Cat W cables.

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60 MS 1745 – 14; Cables Protection

Fire rated cables withmica sheath as fire barrier.

Normal PVC cables (300V)

Protection against mechanical damage

Metal TrunkingConduit Wiring G.I. – Class B certified to IEC 60614-1 & 2uPVC be high impact class B, certified to IEC60614 If uPVC embedded in concrete they should be class CFire rated cables should be laid on trays and in case where they are exposed (at low level) shall be mechanically protected (conduit or trunking).

Cables are required to be protected against mechanical damage. This normally means the use of

metal trunking or conduit. The use of conduit however is the most contentious as many installation

consider the use of PVC conduit without a proper check on its specification and certification.

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61 MS 1745 – 14; Cables Protection

3. Conduit embedded in concrete are of the wrong grade (conduit not properly graded will crack when laid in concrete).

4. No proper junction boxes and/or terminal boxes.5. Trunking and/or conduit ‘overloaded’.6. Splicing/jointing of cables without proper terminal box.

Some Common Defects1. PVC conduit system are

substandard and are NOTcertified to electrical grade.

2. PVC conduit and/or cableslaid in condition wherecontinuous sunlight occurs(PVC will deteriorate in thepresence of UV light).

PVC products should NOT be installed exposed to sunlight.

No proper evaluation on fire-rating of cables in complying

with circuit-survivability!

Some common mistakes in cable laying are listed above. The most serious is the used of sub

standard conduit (including GI conduit which are not properly certified). A proper check of SIRIM

certification reveals that many G.I. conduit system may not even be of the correct gauge (class B,

medium grade and in case of embedding in concrete should be at least class C, heavy grade).

It is even more pertinent to note that many fire alarm cabling systems may NOT be properly

specified for fire rating where the standards require such rating.

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62 MS 1745 – 14; Protection against EM disturbance

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

EMC – DEFINITIONTHE ABILITY OF A DEVICE, EQUIPMENT OR SYSTEM TOFUNCTION SATISFACTORILY IN ITS ELECTROMAGNETICENVIRONMENT WITHOUT INTRODUCING INTOLERABLEDISTURBANCES TO THAT ENVIRONMENT OR TO OTHEREQUIPMENT

With the proliferation of addressable type fire alarm, the impact of electromagnetic (EM)

disturbances on sensitive electronic equipment which comprise part of the (supposedly) “fail‐safe”

nature of automatic detection and alarm system pose a serious threat to its integrity. Though MS

1745 is sparse on prescriptive measure on protection against EM disturbances, it should be

emphasised that failure due to EM disturbances is a major consideration which installers of

addressable system CANNOT ignore.

A starting point for planning for EM protection is to gauge the “immunity‐level” or “susceptibility‐

level” of sensitive equipment, and the source and level of EM emission at the vicinity or connectivity

(in EMC terminology it would be termed “EM‐coupling”) to sensitive equipment.

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63 MS 1745 – 14; Protection against EM disturbance

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Protect sensitive equipment against EM disturbances

1 Other power cables too near(especially motor andcapacitor switching)

2 Other hi-freq, control cablestoo near.

3 Signal cables laid near roofeaves (or at high level inbuilding) susceptible toatmospheric EM disturbance.

4 Cables laid externally(overhead or u/ground)susceptible to atmosphericEM disturbances.

The above attempts to summarise briefly the steps which can be taken to protect equipment against

EM disturbances. Common remedy is the installation of (power‐grade and/or data‐grade) surge

protection devices (SPD). Depending on the nature of the ground, underground cables (especially

hilly rocky ground) is as susceptible to atmospheric EM disturbances as overhead cables. A common

over‐looked source of EM disturbance would be sensing cables laid at high level along timber roof

eaves or roof eaves which are not suitably shielded against atmospheric EM radiation.

Other EM treatments include proper shielding and ground for sensitive equipment. An expert on

EMC should be consulted for proper recommendations on EMC.

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64 MS 1745 – 14; Installation & Work Acceptance

The above is a template for approval and work acceptance procedure. A most basic check will start

with material and components acceptance. This entails an examination of SIRIM certification to

check that the right grade and type of components, materials and product are used. In third party

certification (such as Factory Mutual) this step would be a pre‐requisite, as a compilation of

conformance certification for products, materials and components used in the installation will need

to be filed as record.

The request for Method Statements is also, currently, a common project management tool. However

a proper understanding of the design‐intent, specification and installation procedure IS NECESSARY

before method statement should be requested. Method statement should be specific and NOT

general in nature, i.e. the project manager must state specifically the type and procedure requested

for Method Statement. Current practice of requesting for Method Statement in very general terms

usually result in Contractors generating “Method Statement” which are just copies of the

specifications.

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Check that ALL penetration through fire stop/walls are fire-sealed.

Finally the responsible engineer (whether consultant or contractor) must check that proper fire seals

are installed in ALL penetration of cables, conduit and pipes through fire partitions and floor slabs.

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66 MS 1745 – 14; Commissioning & Verification

Understanding specificationsUnderstanding certifications

Method Statement if required must be specific in

nature

Can be 1st party, 2nd party or 3rd

party inspection.

Tests for buried/ covered works.

Check Conformance Certification

Check List During Construction

Tests During Installation

Pre-Delivery Inspection

Acceptance Tests1. Performance2. Functional

The above is a template for ensuring final work acceptance. It should be noted that work acceptance

do not only entails accepting final commissioning reports on completion. It should include

compilation of material acceptance, record of installation checks from project inception, through to

QC/QA checks during installation and final commissioning on completion.

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Fire Se rvic es Re gulat io ns

Fire S erv ice s Ac t UBBL

INS PE CTIO N & E NFO RCE ME NT

S P ECIFY ING E NG INEE RS

CE RTIFIED SA FE INS TALLA TION

Tec hnica l S ta nda rds

P RO DUCT CE RTIFICAT IO N

Fig ure 1 – A M ode l for Sys te m Certifica tion



A model for system certification originally drafted in 2001 (for the electrical safety industry) and

currently adopted in MS 1979 can be paraphrased for the fire fighting industry.

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Verification by Independent Party

1st PARTY – Self Test (e.g. routine factory QC tests).First-party testing is a large sector. It is for example used as an internalquality control measure that the products, materials, items and servicesare up the requirements expressed in legislation, standards, technicalspecifications and contracts with the clients. The manufacturersdeclaration of conformity expressed by different ways of marking theproduct is often based also on the outcome of these tests.

Second-party testing is performed by the receiver of the products,materials, items and services mainly in order to ensure that agreedrequirements and specifications are fulfilled. For ordinary consumers,testing can be performed by consumer interest organisations or buyerorganisations of products.

2nd PARTY – Test by buyers or consumers (e.g. factory test orwitness test by buyers).

An explanation on the type of inspection testing is described above (first party and 2nd party tests).

Understanding the framework on which acceptance‐tests are conducted is essential for the

approving engineer. First party tests (self‐test by vendor/manufacturer) would be the first line of

defence of the approving engineer. Demanding 1st party certificate is akin to requesting for a

product “birth‐certificate”. This ensures that a product is from where it claims to be (i.e. genuine

product). 2nd party witness tests are usually only requested for large assembled equipment. In some

case, where witness test is in a foreign country, the client can engage a third party inspector (who is

expected to be “independent”) to witness test on his behalf.

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Third-party testing is especially required, preferred or used if the resultshave a considerable influence or effect on public or societal issues, inparticular related to health, environment, safety and large economicvalues. It is also applied when taking measures to eliminate thepossibility of cheating and misconduct or when crucial risks andconsequences of wrong or manipulated results exist. Third-party testingis expected to provide a nonbiased view and thus a better confidence inthe test results.

3rd PARTY – Test by independent inspectors (e.g. certification bySIRIM, Factory Mutual).

Verification by Independent Party

Third party certification (such as Factory Mutual) is an important certification body for multinational

corporation.

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Model Certificates – Annex C

Certificate of Design

Certificate of Installation

Certificate of Commission & Verification

Certificate of Acceptance

Annex C in the Standard includes model certificates which can be used by practitioners to design a

documented procedure for works acceptance.

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71 MS 1745 – 14; Maintenance / Operation.

Persons / Organisations Responsible

Alarm / Emergency Response Plan

Preventive Maintenance Check List

Routine & Semi-Routine Check List Annex A

Maintenance Manual & Record ofAs-Built

Fire Drill

Extension/ Modifications/

Repair

In the compilation of completion documentations for handing over to the operator or client, the

above template lists the important parts of the documents which should be included. Current

handing over documentations merely compiles a catalogue of equipment and components without

any operating procedure or maintenance check list procedure for each components and system.

Annex A has an excellent model form for check‐list for maintenance use.

Other work procedure by the operator would be the conduct of occupants’ training (usually fire drill)

and a documented procedure to ensure that extension and modification works do not compromise

the integrity of existing fire systems.

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72 MS 1745 – 14; Applications in Special Risk

Electronic data processing areas / electrical risks

Effects of high ventilation rate and air speedFire detection in concealed space, u/floor etc.Local cover of cabinets required.Closing of fire dampers in response to alarm signals

Consider aspirating systems

Confirm content of storageConsult with insurers

Detection linked wit auto extinguishing systems.Detection layer at rack to prevent spread of fire.

High Rack warehouse

A final section of MS 1745‐14 include a discussions on special risk which is listed above. Insurers are

especially concerned with warehouses and data‐processing centres. Thus consultation with insurers

are essential for ascertaining the acceptability of systems and grade of components used.

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High Hazard Area

Confirm nature and type of storageConsult Hazmat legislationER Plan for hazmat

Detection and fire suppression systemsLinked to ER plan for hazmat.

Smoke ControlFire detection at atriumFire compartmentation

Smoke Control with detection and auto fire suppression

High Atrium Building

In ascertaining the fire protection needs of high hazard areas, other legislation may be consulted

such as the “Petroleum Safety Measures Act (for oil depots)”, “The Gas Supply Act” (Gas storage at

retail‐end). “Environmental Quality Act” (schedule waste, hazmat handling).

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[email protected]://hplooi.blogspot.com

Confirm nature of fire hazard,Check environmental conditionsChoice and siting of detectors

Detection and fire suppression systems suitedfor environment and hazard class (e.g. mistsuppression system, foam system etc.) linkedto detection system.

Outdoor AreasE.g. tank farm, conveyors

Oil tank, coal conveyors, recycled tyre depot/storage yard are just some of the outdoor risk areas

which demands special consideration for automatic fire detection and alarm. In most case, an

understanding of the risk, type of fire which will be generated and the fire hazard involve will be

necessary before any solution can be proposed. For example:

(1) Tank farm fire is usually fought from a policy of containment, i.e. prevent the fire from

spreading. Once a fire starts it will be difficult to extinguish the fire. A response plan will

require sufficient amount of water just to contain the fire (containment dikes are usually

included in tank farm design) and prevent temperatures from reaching excessively high

levels.

(2) Waste tyre storage yard (typically outdoor) requires attention to fire containment. Once a

fire starts, it would be difficult to extinguish fires from mounds of tyre waste. A more

serious implication would be smouldering fire from tyre waste which would pose air quality

hazard to the surrounding area. Again containment is an essential first step in design Fire

suppression agent include special chemical agent for the suppression of fires from rubber

waste.

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MS 1745 – FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

Ir. H.P. Looi, (6TH October 2009)

6th October 2009Eastin Hotel. Petaling Jaya

[email protected]://hplooi.blogspot.com

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MS 1745 Part 14; Fire Detection and Fire Alarm System, Guidelines for Planning, Design, Installation, Commissioning, Use and Maintenance

P a g e | 76

© Copyright; All rights reserved Ir. H.P. Looi ([email protected])

(October 2009)

APPENDIX A –Types of Fire Alarm System, BS5839-1:2002 (Typical Application based on fire needs of premises)

Assessment of Needs Based on BS 5839 – 1 : 2002

Type of Premises Lower Risk End

Higher Risk End Comments

Most places of work, offices, shops, warehouse, factories, restaurants M or P/2M P1/M

M normally meets legal requirements. Detection added to meet insurers and business interruption risk.

Hotels and Hostels L2 L1 In sleeping areas L3 is the base recommendation level. In practice this becomes at least L2.

Pubs M L2 Pubs with no residential accommodation M. Pubs with residential accommodation L3/L2.

Schools M M/P2/L4 Normally based on fire risk assessment particularly arson risk. Detection also often added if in partial use for community activities.

Hospitals L1 L1 Minor variations as per HTM1982

Places of assembly, eg entertainment M L1 Accommodation under 300 normally M. Larger premises L4 to L1. Large premises are usually L1.

Transportation terminals M/L5 M/L5 -

Covered shopping centres L3 L1 -

Residential care homes L3 L1 L1 for large premises

Prisons M L5 -

Phased evacuation buildings L3 L3 -

Buildings with means of escape difficulties M/L5 M/L4

Extra risk to life posed by such things as inner rooms, unoccupied spaces, cross building risks, use of automatic door holders etc.

Insurer requirements M/P2 M/P1 -

END OF APPENDIX A


P a g e | 77


(October 2009)

APPENDIX B – Circuit Class and Style, NFPA72 : 2002

Table B1 – Performance of Initiating Devices Circuits (IDC)

Class B B B A A

Style A B C D Eα

Alar

m

Trou

ble

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rece

ipt

capa

bilit

y du

ring

abno

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cond

ition

s

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ble

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ring

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ition

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ble

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ition

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ble

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ition

s

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ble

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s

Abnormal condition 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Single open – X – – X – – X – – X X – X X Single ground – X – – X R – X R – X R – X R Wire-to-wire short X – – X – – – X – X – – – X – Loss of carrier (if used)/ Channel interface – – – – – – – X – – – – – X –

R = Required capacity X = Indication required at protected premises and as required in Chapter 5 α = Style exceeds minimum requirements of Class A

B2-1/3


(October 2009)

Tabl

e B2 –

Per

form

ance

of S

igna

ling

Line

Circ

uits

(SLC

)

B2-2/3


P a g e | 79


(October 2009)

Table B3 – Notification Appliance Circuits (NAC)

Class B B B A

Style W X Y Z

Trou

ble i

ndica

tion

at p

rote

cted

pr

emise

s

Alar

m ca

pabi

lity d

urin

g ab

norm

al co

nditi

ons

Trou

ble i

ndica

tion

at p

rote

cted

pr

emise

s

Alar

m ca

pabi

lity d

urin

g ab

norm

al co

nditi

ons

Trou

ble i

ndica

tion

at p

rote

cted

pr

emise

s

Alar

m ca

pabi

lity d

urin

g ab

norm

al co

nditi

ons

Trou

ble i

ndica

tion

at p

rote

cted

pr

emise

s

Alar

m ca

pabi

lity d

urin

g ab

norm

al co

nditi

ons

Abnormal condition 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Single open X – X X X – X X Single ground X – X – X X X X Wire-to-wire short X – X – X – X – X = Indication required at protected premises and as required in Chapter 5

END OF APPENDIX B

B2-1/3


P a g e | 76


(October 2009)

APPENDIX A –Types of Fire Alarm System, BS5839-1:2002 (Typical Application based on fire needs of premises)

Assessment of Needs Based on BS 5839 – 1 : 2002

Type of Premises Lower Risk End

Higher Risk End Comments

Most places of work, offices, shops, warehouse, factories, restaurants M or P/2M P1/M

M normally meets legal requirements. Detection added to meet insurers and business interruption risk.

Hotels and Hostels L2 L1 In sleeping areas L3 is the base recommendation level. In practice this becomes at least L2.

Pubs M L2 Pubs with no residential accommodation M. Pubs with residential accommodation L3/L2.

Schools M M/P2/L4 Normally based on fire risk assessment particularly arson risk. Detection also often added if in partial use for community activities.

Hospitals L1 L1 Minor variations as per HTM1982

Places of assembly, eg entertainment M L1 Accommodation under 300 normally M. Larger premises L4 to L1. Large premises are usually L1.

Transportation terminals M/L5 M/L5 -

Covered shopping centres L3 L1 -

Residential care homes L3 L1 L1 for large premises

Prisons M L5 -

Phased evacuation buildings L3 L3 -

Buildings with means of escape difficulties M/L5 M/L4

Extra risk to life posed by such things as inner rooms, unoccupied spaces, cross building risks, use of automatic door holders etc.

Insurer requirements M/P2 M/P1 -

END OF APPENDIX A


P a g e | 77


(October 2009)

APPENDIX B – Circuit Class and Style, NFPA72 : 2002

Table B1 – Performance of Initiating Devices Circuits (IDC)

Class B B B A A

Style A B C D Eα

Alar

m

Trou

ble

Alar

m

rece

ipt

capa

bilit

y du

ring

abno

rmal

cond

ition

s

Alar

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ble

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ring

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ition

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ring

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ition

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ring

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ition

s

Alar

m

Trou

ble

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m

rece

ipt

capa

bilit

y du

ring

abno

rmal

cond

ition

s

Abnormal condition 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Single open – X – – X – – X – – X X – X X Single ground – X – – X R – X R – X R – X R Wire-to-wire short X – – X – – – X – X – – – X – Loss of carrier (if used)/ Channel interface – – – – – – – X – – – – – X –

R = Required capacity X = Indication required at protected premises and as required in Chapter 5 α = Style exceeds minimum requirements of Class A

B2-1/3


(October 2009)

Tabl

e B2 –

Per

form

ance

of S

igna

ling

Line

Circ

uits

(SLC

)

B2-2/3


P a g e | 79


(October 2009)

Table B3 – Notification Appliance Circuits (NAC)

Class B B B A

Style W X Y Z

Trou

ble i

ndica

tion

at p

rote

cted

pr

emise

s

Alar

m ca

pabi

lity d

urin

g ab

norm

al co

nditi

ons

Trou

ble i

ndica

tion

at p

rote

cted

pr

emise

s

Alar

m ca

pabi

lity d

urin

g ab

norm

al co

nditi

ons

Trou

ble i

ndica

tion

at p

rote

cted

pr

emise

s

Alar

m ca

pabi

lity d

urin

g ab

norm

al co

nditi

ons

Trou

ble i

ndica

tion

at p

rote

cted

pr

emise

s

Alar

m ca

pabi

lity d

urin

g ab

norm

al co

nditi

ons

Abnormal condition 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Single open X – X X X – X X Single ground X – X – X X X X Wire-to-wire short X – X – X – X – X = Indication required at protected premises and as required in Chapter 5

END OF APPENDIX B

B2-1/3

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